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1
강창보 und kim yeu-sun. „Consideration About House Lease Law of Japan“. 법과정책 20, Nr. 2 (August 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36727/jjlpr.20.2.201408.001.
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Gautier, Pieter A., und Aico van Vuuren. „The effect of land lease on house prices“. Journal of Housing Economics 46 (Dezember 2019): 101646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2019.101646.
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Quinn, Joseph D., und Kenneth J. Smith. „The Ridgely House Venture: Triple Net Commercial Lease/Purchase Case“. Issues in Accounting Education 15, Nr. 3 (01.08.2000): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2000.15.3.459.
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This case examines the tax, financial accounting, and governmental reporting consequences of a private Developer's actual purchase, renovation, and transfer of Ridgely House—an historical building in Ridgely, Maryland—to the Town of Ridgely. In short, the Developer purchases the building for $110,000 and incurs $190,000 in renovation costs to convert the property to a Town Hall and Police Station. He then “leases” the property back to the Town under terms and conditions outlined in a lease/purchase agreement (which can be viewed on the Web at http://faculty.ssu.edu/∼kjsmith/ridgely.htm). The case is constructed from the background information and actual lease/purchase agreement provided by the Developer. The terms of the agreement raise several questions regarding the proper tax and financial accounting treatment of various aspects of the transaction. The Developer (lessor) questions whether the transaction is to be reported for tax and financial-reporting purposes as a rental or a sale, if the property qualifies for a federal historical tax credit, and what net cash flow can be expected from the project. As an optional assignment (at the instructor's discretion), the Town (lessee) questions whether it has entered into an operating or capital lease, how to record the transaction in accordance with Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) guidelines, and what disclosures are required on its Statement of Financial Position. The case background, key lease/purchase agreement terms, and actual lease/purchase agreement provide the prerequisite material for solving the case requirements. In addition, outside resources (textbooks, online tax and financial accounting web sites, etc.) should be consulted in the process of seeking solutions to the questions posed by the Developer and the Town Commissioners. It is suggested that solutions to the case requirements be presented to the instructor in the form of an Executive Summary with supporting documentation and schedules.
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Winston, Mark. „Beginnings: The Bethel at Norwich“. Psychiatric Bulletin 15, Nr. 3 (März 1991): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.3.161.
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In the centre of Norwich stands a red brick building which has a rare place in psychiatry. Its history began on 12 December 1712 when a lease on a small piece of waste ground was granted by the Corporation of the City of Norwich to four men. The men were acting as trustees for an elderly widow, and the deed specified the purpose of the lease: it was to build a house, or houses for “the benefit and use of such as are lunatics.” The term of the lease was 1,000 years at an annual rent of one peppercorn. The widow was one Mary Chapman. Born in 1647, she was the daughter of Thomas Mann, Mayor of the city and one of the richest and most influential men in Norwich. It is thought that she grew up close to the city's Bridewell, where many difficult lunatics would have been housed, and she is known to have had immediate experience of mental illness in her own, and her husband's families. In 1682 she married a widowed cleric, Samuel Chapman, some years her senior and the vicar of a local parish. Together they made plans for the Bethel but in 1700 she was widowed and left childless. Despite this she continued to develop her charitable project. The final choice of name, Bethel, or house of God, was her husband's.
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SUTO, Toshikazu. „The lease house management system in the Republic of Korea“. Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 24, Nr. 2 (2010): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.24.2_132.
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YOSHIDA, Shuhei. „the system of house lease for elderly people and terminal tenancy“. Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 20, Nr. 4 (2007): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares1985.20.4_92.
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TAMADA, Hirotake. „Introduction of Legal System of House Lease with Fixed Term and its Effect“. Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 16, Nr. 1 (2002): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares1985.16.47.
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Choma, Hlako, und Tshegofatso Kgarabjang. „Risk and opportunities connected to the credit legislation on movable property: A case study“. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, Nr. 4 (2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4c1art5.
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The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent should a lease of movable property fall within the ambits of the National Credit Act. The paper analyses the courts decisions regarding leases of movable properties, and further adds value to the existing scholarship. Courts are not ready to entertain extrinsic evidence in the cases where it contradicts the terms of an agreement. Parties should make sure that their contractual provisions are clear and unambiguous. Such provisions depict the notion that a lease of a movable property should fall within the ambits of the National Credit Act, hereinafter called NCA. And in such circumstances that qualifies it in terms of the Act ought to be met. In terms of section 8(4) of the NCA, a lease of movable property should by no means exclude the provision that ownership will pass to the lessee upon payment of the final rental instalment. Alternatively upon meeting certain conditions as determined by parties. One should therefore be able to differentiate leases in terms of the NCA and leases as defined by common law. Thus, one cannot try to qualify common law leases within the context of section 8(4) of the NCA where the original intention was an ordinary common law lease agreement. The Court in the case of ABSA Technology v Michael`s Bid House concluded that the NCA was not applicable to leases of movable property in certain circumstances. It is the findings of this paper that courts, recognize lease of movable property.
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi, und Arif Rahman Hakim. „Economic Speculative Motives in Selling Relocation Houses and the Provision of Assets for Urban Settlements“. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 5, Nr. 2 (20.04.2017): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.2(3).
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Objective - This research aims to analyze the impact of residential relocation to the change in social and economic conditions of the beneficiary. This change is then used to analyze whether it is related to the decision for selling, or putting out to lease, the relocation house. Methodology/Technique - Primary data is collected from 68 samples which are chosen by an area sampling method. The focus of the sample is on houses which are built between 2008 and 2010. The variables applied cover perception about the state of the relocation house, perceptions of change in social and economic conditions, perceptions of housing characteristics and perceptions of the existence of another residential house. This research uses a mixed method for analyzing and interpreting the results. A binary response model is used for quantitative analysis. Findings - The results shows that there is no significant change in the social and economic conditions of the beneficiary. The logistics model indicates there is no direct correlation between perceptions of the change in social economic conditions to the decision for selling or renting a relocation house. Novelty - The study looks at decisions for selling or renting s relocation house. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Relocation; Speculative Motive on Housing; Binary Respond Model.
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YOSHIDA, Shuhei. „The Present Conditions and the Problems of the Management of the Private Lease-House“. Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 24, Nr. 2 (2010): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.24.2_67.
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AKIYAMA, Toru, Makoto TSUNODA und Shigeru AOKI. „STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION CONTENTS AND PROCESS OF RENOVATION WORK WHILE USING LEASE APARTMENT HOUSE“. AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, Nr. 61 (20.10.2019): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.1263.
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Dixon, Martin. „The non-proprietary lease: the rise of the feudal phoenix“. Cambridge Law Journal 59, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300290016.
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MR. Bruton occupied a flat by virtue of a written agreement with the Quadrant Housing Trust. The agreement specifically categorised itself as a “weekly licence” although it did give exclusive possession to Bruton. For its part, the Trust held the flat as licensee from the freehold owner, Lambeth Council, in order to pursue its charitable housing aims of providing temporary and emergency accommodation. By virtue of section 32 of the Housing Act 1985, any grant of a lease by the Council to the Trust would have been ultra vires. Bruton accepted the “licence” from the Trust on this basis, but now alleged that he held the flat on a lease, giving security of tenure and triggering a repairing obligation for the Trust under section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 (implied repairing obligations for short term leases). The High Court had held that the agreement was a licence and this was confirmed by the Court of Appeal, with Millett L.J. noting that it was difficult to see how Bruton could have a lease when the Trust itself held no estate in the land out of which a lease could have been granted: [1998] Q.B. 834, 845. The House of Lords, unanimously, held that Bruton had a lease on a simple application of Street v. Mountford [1985] A.C. 809. The fact that the Trust held no estate in the land was neither here nor there: Bruton v. London & Quadrant Housing Trust [1999] 3 W.L.R. 150.
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Abu Bakar, Noraziah, Ruzita Azmi, Azlinor Sufian und Hartini Saripan. „The Legal Implications of a Sale of Property by the Malaysian Developers under the Private Lease Scheme: In two minds?“ Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, Nr. 17 (15.08.2021): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2867.
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This paper aims to evaluate the legal implications of the private lease scheme (PLS) for a property sale by the developers. It mainly relies on statutes and court cases as its primary sources of information. PLS is selling a lease to purchasers by the developers. If purchasers were misled to believe a property is purchased and not the purchase of the lease, it is considered misrepresentation. An amendment to the law is timely to cater for a scheme that may address a different legal status of the purchaser. Australia introduced a certificate of lease to enhance the security of tenure. Keywords:: Private Lease Scheme; Developer; Cetificate of lease; Misrepresentation. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2867
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Snipe, Arta. „Prasījuma tiesību noilgums zemes likumiskajā (piespiedu) nomā“. SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 1, Nr. 13 (2019): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.13.2019.1.076-095.
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Pēc Latvijas valsts neatkarības atjaunošanas uzsāktajā zemes reformā, atjaunojot bijušajiem īpašniekiem vai viņu mantiniekiem īpašuma tiesības uz zemi, uz kuras padomju varas gados bija uzceltas daudzdzīvokļu dzīvojamās ēkas, likumdevējs radīja pamatu tā saukto dalīto īpašumu pastāvēšanai, pieņemot lēmumu zemes un ēkas īpašnieku starpā esošās attiecības regulēt atbilstoši nomas līguma noteikumiem. Šo tiesisko attiecību nodibināšanas pamats ir likums – normas, kas iekļautas likumā “Par zemes reformu Latvijas Republikas pilsētās” un likumā “Par valsts un pašvaldību dzīvojamo māju privatizāciju”. Šā pētījuma mērķis ir izvērtēt dažādo tiesu praksi un dažādos juridiskajā periodikā paustos viedokļus, interpretējot spēkā esošās tiesību normas un judikatūras atziņas, lai identificētu prasījuma tiesību rašanās brīdi, kas ir prasījuma tiesību noilguma tecējuma sākuma brīža noteikšanas priekšnoteikums. Pētījumā ir secināts, ka jānošķir prasījuma tiesības par zemes nomas tiesisko attiecību konstatāciju vai līguma noslēgšanu un prasījuma tiesības par nomas līguma izpildi – nomas maksas samaksu. Pēdējās rodas vien pēc līguma noslēgšanas vai tiesas sprieduma spēkā stāšanās. Šajā brīdī arī sāk tecēt noilgums prasījuma tiesībām, kas izriet no noslēgtā nomas līguma. Tiesību normu interpretācijas un tiesību doktrīnas un judikatūras analīzes rezultātā pētījumā secināts, ka prasījuma tiesības par zemes nomas tiesisko attiecību konstatāciju vai nomas līguma noslēgšanu pret personu, kas veic daudzdzīvokļu ēkas pārvaldīšanu un apsaimniekošanu, zemes īpašniekam rodas no brīža, kad apsaimniekotājs ir pārņēmis konkrētās ēkas pārvaldīšanu, vai no zemes īpašuma tiesību iegūšanas brīža – atkarībā no tā, kas iestājies pēdējais, savukārt prasījuma tiesības par zemes nomas tiesisko attiecību konstatāciju un nomas maksas piedziņu pret atsevišķiem dzīvokļu īpašniekiem zemes īpašniekam ir radušās vien pēc 2015. gada 1. oktobra, kopš likums pieļauj tiešo maksājumu pieprasīšanu par ēkas uzturēšanai nepieciešamajiem pakalpojumiem. After the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia, within the framework of the initiated land reform, the legislature restored property rights of former owners or their heirs to the land which apartment houses were built on during the Soviet times, thus creating the basis for the so-called divided ownership. Legislator made a decision to regulate relationships between landowners and building owners as lease agreement. Although the legal relationship of compulsory land lease is established by law – the norms included in the law “On Land Reform in the Cities of the Republic of Latvia” and the law “On Privatisation of State and Local Government Residential Houses”, there are different opinions as to whether legal relations between the parties could be classified as a legal transaction, or furthermore – as a commercial transaction, and, consequently, whether claims arising from compulsory land lease relations arise from the law or from a transaction. The aim of the research is to identify the moment when the right to claim has been established, which is a prerequisite for establishing the moment when the limitation period of the claim begins. It has been concluded in the research that it is necessary to distinguish between two claims a landowner can have: a claim to establish a legal relationship of land lease (conclude an agreement) and the claim in respect to execution of a concluded lease agreement – payment of the lease fee. The latter arises only after the conclusion of the agreement – either voluntarily or through the court; the limitation period for the claim arising from the concluded lease agreement begins at that moment. The interpretation of legal norms and analysis of legal doctrine and judicature in the research resulted in the conclusion that the claim to bring an action to conclude a land lease contract against the manager of the apartment house rises for the landowner at the moment the manager has taken over the management of the respective house, or at the moment the land property rights were acquired, whichever comes last, while the claim to conclude a land lease contract against individual apartment owners for the landowner arose only after October 1, 2015, when the law allowed to request direct payments from apartment owners for the services required for maintenance of the building.
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Kim, Seunghee, Hyesoon Im und Seunghoon Paeik. „A Study on Supply Activation Plan for Share-House Using an Empty House: Focused on the Applicability of the Management Business for Housing Lease“. Journal of Korea Real Estate Analysists Association 24, Nr. 3 (30.09.2018): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19172/kreaa.24.3.4.
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Dieng, Mouhamadou Moctar. „The Applicability of Ijarah Al-Mawsufah Fi Al-Dhimmah in Malaysia“. International Journal of Management and Applied Research 6, Nr. 4 (01.11.2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18646/2056.64.19-014.
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Purchasing a house under construction is definitely a risky investment for both homebuyer and financier. An Ijarah mawsufah fi al-dhimmah (forward lease) is a method of leasing where the lessor accepts rent prior to the delivery of an asset or property. The rental paid is refunded if the asset is not delivered. This paper aims to examine the legality of forward lease and its applicability in Malaysia. Based on a review of scholarly papers and secondary data collected from company websites, this paper concludes that the benefits of using Ijarah mawsufah fi al-dhimmah are not fully exercised and more efforts need to be done in order to benefit all key stakeholders.
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Niyamosoth, Thanawath, und Supachai Pathumnakul. „Joint determination of preventive maintenance and buffer stock for a production unit under lease“. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 11, Nr. 3 (22.06.2018): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2578.
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Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop a mathematical model for simultaneously determining the optimal period of preventive maintenance actions and the optimal size of buffer stock for a production unit that is owned by a lessor and leased to a lessee under a lease contract.Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical model is formulated and a numerical procedure is developed for finding the optimal period of preventive maintenance actions and the optimal size of buffer stock to minimize the total expected costs considering both a lessor and a lessee over a lease period.Findings: The proposed model gives better solutions than those where the maintenance cost to the lessor and the production inventory cost to the lessee are minimized separately.Originality/value: The joint determination of preventive maintenance and safety stock is a topic that has been extensively studied for decades. The majority of the models reported in the literature implicitly assume that the firm owns the production unit and maintenance actions are done in-house. However, equipment acquisition through leasing is a common practice nowadays. Normally, under a lease contract, the lessor who owns the equipment is responsible for maintenance services. This may lead to a conflict between the lessor and the lessee concerning the optimal choice of maintenance actions. To solve this conflict, we propose a joint determination of preventive maintenance and safety stock model for a production unit under a lease. The objective of our model is to simultaneously determine the optimal period of preventive maintenance actions that the lessor needs to perform and the optimal size of buffer stock the lessee needs to produce so that the total combined expected costs to both parties over the lease period are minimized.
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Kudrimoti, Sanjay, Raminder Luther und Sanjay Jain. „Decision time for ACEES Group LLC: to buy or to lease?“ CASE Journal 14, Nr. 4 (02.07.2018): 394–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2017-0052.
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Synopsis As the move from the business incubator loomed, Abdul Khan had to decide where his business should relocate to. ACEES Group LLC, a small consulting firm, had grown from three friends working out of Abdul Khan’s house to a 20-person firm generating more than a million dollars in revenue within five years. This growth had necessitated the need for a larger and more prominent place. Although Abdul knew he did not want to renew the lease at the incubator, and he did not want to move his business too far from its current location, but the decision he had to make was whether ACEES Group should lease a commercial place or buy its own property. He was particularly torn because the real estate prices had fallen considerably, and were now on the mend and interest rates were still low. Research methodology The primary source of materials in the case was an interview with the owner (pseudo name: Abdul Khan). The owner wishes to remain anonymous. The financial statements of the firm produced in the case have been modified by a fixed factor so as to disguise the actual numbers but not materially alter the information in any fashion. Other secondary sources of materials include information about the business incubator program, the MBE certification and its benefits through the State of Florida, real estate and lease rates in Central Florida and other economic information. Relevant courses and levels This case is primarily intended for undergraduate students taking a course in entrepreneurship, real estate investments or financial management, with emphasis on real estate valuation, cash flow forecasting and/or valuation of business. Students should be familiar with time value of money concepts, understand the concept of NPV and IRR, and preferably be comfortable in the use of Excel. This instructor manual provides all calculations of space needs analysis, and discounted cash flow analysis for lease vs buy analysis. A few suggestions to discuss qualitative aspects of this decision making are also included.
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Kim, Sung Tak. „Valuation for a Preemptive Right on the Private House for Lease in Korea Using the Binomial Option Pricing Model“. Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 16, Nr. 1 (31.05.2008): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2008-b0004.
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This paper investigates the value for a preemptive right on the private houses for lease in Korea which were supplied at Pankyo and Heoungduk Area in February 2006 and May 2007. Using the price of the houses in the neighborhood area. Bundang and Youngtong as proxy variable, we estimated the value of a preemptive right based on the binomial option pricing model. Major results are summarized as follows: i. While a purchase of right for the case of Pankyo were profitable, the case of Heoungduk wasn't which was consistent with the historical competition results; ii. while the profitability for the Pankyo was stable across the variation of the parameters, Heoungduk was not. Finally, some policy implications and limitations of this paper were suggested.
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Gendy, Ibrahim. „?(How did the government lease the sequestrated and confiscated house properties in Roman Egypt (30 B.C- A.D. 284“. Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies 12, Nr. 1 (01.12.1995): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bcps.1995.69264.
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Zhang, Zhibo, Qiang Bai, Samuel Labi und Kumares C. Sinha. „General Framework for Evaluating Long-Term Leasing of Toll Roads“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2345, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2345-11.
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The long-term leasing of toll roads, a type of public–private partnership (PPP), has been attracting the attention of state governments since the two landmark cases of the Chicago Skyway in Illinois and the Indiana Toll Road in 2005 and 2006, respectively. To assist public agencies in making appropriate decisions to enter PPP agreements that are in the best interest of taxpayers, this paper presents a general framework for evaluating the long-term leasing of toll roads and investigates the two main criteria in the decision-making process: economic efficiency of privatization and the protection of public interest. The economic efficiency of PPPs is also analyzed with an uncertainty-based net present value method, which is demonstrated with a case study of the lease of the Indiana Toll Road. The analysis with Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates that over the analysis period, a public agency is not likely to gain as much benefit from the up-front payment lease amount as from that of continued in-house management of the toll road. The following analyses are conducted: a sensitivity analysis of revenue and cost factors and a break-even analysis to examine and establish the conditions under which the public agency could obtain as much benefit from continued in-house management of the toll road as the agency received from the privatization of the toll road. Finally, the actions taken by Indiana officials to protect the interest of its citizens and toll road users are discussed.
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Abdullah, Khaled Mohamad, und Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar. „Islamic Financial Intermediation in Kuwait Finance House Malaysia: A Fiqh Maqasid Study“. Ulum Islamiyyah 12 (15.09.2014): 176–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol12no.223.
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This article aims to study the financial intermediation in Islamic banks, in term of the degree of extent and achievement according to Islamic rules and Maqasid of Shariah. The objectives of this study has been done theoretically and practically through the study of some applications on the light of Maqasid. This study shows that the financial intermediation achieving the Magasid of Shariah without contradiction if it is applied correctly. Practically, this study was applied on the Kuwait Finance House Malaysia. Results show that Islamic intermediation implementing the Maqasid of Shariah in some aspects, however the study also highlights that the practice of some types of fictitious contracts like Tawaruq, Mudarabah with Tawaruq, lease and sublease, seem to contradict the Islamic rules of the Shariah and its Maqasid. This study recommends the avoidance of fictitious contracts, and to replace them with direct investment according to the comprehensive Islamic banking model of the Islamic banking system.
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Weisman, Joshua. „Organs as Assets“. Israel Law Review 27, Nr. 4 (1993): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011535.
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Property rights exist only in their relationship to certain assets. A property right per se has no independent existence. Thus, for example, the sentence: “‘A’ is the owner” is meaningless as long as there is no mention of the object of which A is the owner (“‘A’ is the owner of the house”). This also applies to lease, pledges and other property rights — without assets to which the rights relate, the rights do not exist. Things which are the objects of property rights are the various “assets”, and a person's aggregate assets constitute his “wealth”.
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Hayward, Mark. „Exclusive possession or the intention of the parties? The relation of landlord and tenant in Northern Ireland“. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 68, Nr. 2 (09.08.2017): 202–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v68i2.35.
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The seminal House of Lords judgment in Street v Mountford established that the test for distinguishing between a lease and a licence is whether the occupant has been granted exclusive possession of the premises. The test is objective: the relation of landlord and tenant exists where exclusive possession has been granted, regardless of the intention of the parties. However, this stands at odds with the law in both parts of Ireland, where s 3 of Deasy's Act states that the relation of landlord and tenant 'shall be deemed to be founded on the . . . contract of the parties'. This article analyses the historical background that led to Deasy's Act, surveys contemporary case law in both parts of Ireland on leases vs licences and argues that the law in this area in Northern Ireland differs from that in England and Wales.
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Kharisma, Bintang Ulya. „OWNERSHIP RIGHTS TRANSFER OF OFFICIAL RESIDENCE LAND“. Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4, Nr. 1 (25.04.2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v4i1.2591.
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In a legal state, land has a very important role in human life. It can determine the existence and the sustainability of legal actions. In its development, the government or private sector companies provide Official Residences to their employees, or what may be called a state house. Based on the law, the Official Residence is a building owned by the state, and functions as a residence or a dwelling. It serves as a developmental facility for families and supports the job implementation of officials and/or government employees. The humans’ need for land as a place of dwelling may cause conflicts regarding the provision of the Official Residence. The method used in this research is the juridical-normative method. It uses secondary data. The ownership rights transfer of the Official Residence to private sectors may happen without violation of the constitution, as it is regulated in the Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2008 which states that the tenant may own the Official Residence with some conditions. For example, the house must be an Official Residence Group III. The rightful tenant must file a request to its related Department. Then, the tenant and the related department create a Lease Agreement. After the tenant settles the debt, he/she may own the house.
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Sukayasa, I. Made, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha und Luh Putu Suryani. „Tanggung Jawab Hukum terhadap Adanya Wanprestasi dalam Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Rumah Toko (Ruko)“. Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2976.97-101.
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In various regional areas and cities have done a lot of renewal of buildings with the construction of shophouses. An increasingly developed economic system, the shop houses that have been built can be used as a means of buying and selling. Shophouse is often known as a shop house or residence that is used as a place of business and usually this shophouse is built parallel to other shop houses. The formulation of the problem in this case 1) How is the certainty of the rental agreement to rent a Rumah Toko (Ruko) ?. 2) What is the legal responsibility if one of the parties defaults on the implementation of the lease agreement for a Shophouse? The livelihood of information in a normative study is the method of recording and assessment based on legal sources. In writing this essay the writer examines and collects information through legal science books without deviating from positive law in order to conclude a conclusion. An agreement between the lessee and the owner of the building can bring up the rights and obligations between the parties written in an agreement. Where the renting party has an obligation to claim the rights of the building being rented out to the lessee, and has the right to get paid from the lessee for the rental building. The lessee may not transfer the rights to the building he leases, and if there is a dispute in the future between the parties then it must be resolved because of default.
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Joonyoung Moon. „House Lease Disputes and the Chǒnse Custom in the period of the Daehan Empire－An Approach through the Court Decision Records－“. 법사학연구 ll, Nr. 48 (Oktober 2013): 133–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31778/lawhis..48.201310.133.
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Turley, Martin, und Sarah Sayce. „Energy performance certificates in the context of sustainability and the impact on valuations“. Journal of Property Investment & Finance 33, Nr. 5 (03.08.2015): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-05-2015-0035.
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Purpose – The Government of UK is committed to reducing Green House Gas emissions by 80 per cent based on the 1990 levels, by 2050. In order to achieve this reduction, the UK Government, along with their European counterparts, have implemented various directives and incentives, which progressively and incrementally are intended to move them towards this target. One such directive is the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which sets the policy for achievement. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper seeks to examine the complexities of these changes when considered against the real world use and operation of buildings, most particularly at lease end. It explores the inter-relationship of landlord and tenant at lease expiry and renewal. Findings – It argues that the Energy Act regulations might have significant impact on the actions of landlords and tenants; both in advance of and shortly after the lease is determined. Practical implications – One of the key mechanisms contained within this directive for the reduction in emissions is the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). An EPC must be produced where a building is being constructed, rented or sold. EPCs rate buildings on their asset energy performance and in conjunction with building regulations are becoming increasingly more stringent to achieve targets. Regulations under the Energy Act 2011, due to take effect from April 2018, will mean that it will be unlawful to let or re-let a building which fails to reach minimum energy performances standards, currently defined as an E rating; further it is intended that the regulations will extend to all lettings from 2023. Originality/value – This paper looks at the inter-relationship of landlord and tenant at lease expiry and renewal with the proposed directives on EPCs.
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Hochstein, Lorin, Brian Schott und Robert B. Graybill. „Computational Engineering in the Cloud“. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 23, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2011100103.
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Cloud computing services, which allow users to lease time on remote computer systems, must be particularly attractive to smaller engineering organizations that use engineering simulation software. Such organizations have occasional need for substantial computing power but may lack the budget and in-house expertise to purchase and maintain such resources locally. The case study presented in this paper examines the potential benefits and practical challenges that a medium-sized manufacturing firm faced when attempting to leverage computing resources in a cloud computing environment to do model-based simulation. Results show substantial reductions in execution time for the problem of interest, but several socio-technical barriers exist that may hinder more widespread adoption of cloud computing within engineering.
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YAMAKAWA, Mitsuo. „To Avoid Administrative Forced Refugee Shifting to Voluntary Refugee: Establishment of Return Waiting System and Assistance of House Lease Costs to Nuclear-power Disaster Refugee“. TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 22, Nr. 4 (2017): 4_62–4_66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.22.4_62.
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Thornton, Rosy. „SHAMS, PRETENCES, SUBTERFUGES AND DEVICES“. Cambridge Law Journal 60, Nr. 3 (21.11.2001): 441–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301321190.
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The statutory security of tenure conferred upon the tenants of private residential property has long been (to mix two metaphors) a fertile battle ground, with landlords and their legal advisers showing great ingenuity in devising agreements designed to circumvent the provisions of the legislation. Most famously, of course, there was the loophole of disguising the lease as a mere licence to occupy, which was effectively closed off by the House of Lords in Street v. Mountford [1985] A.C. 809. It is perhaps surprising that although security of tenure was first introduced as long ago as 1920, landlords are still able to come up with new devices in the attempt to ensure that they can regain possession of their property whenever they wish. One such device was the recent subject of consideration by the Court of Appeal in Bankway Properties Ltd. v. Pensfold-Dunsford [2001] 1 W.L.R. 1369.
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Pawlowski, Mark. „EQUITY’S JURISDICTION TO RELIEVE AGAINST FORFEITURE OF LEASES – AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE“. Denning Law Journal 26 (25.09.2014): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v26i0.937.
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This article seeks to trace the evolution of equity’s jurisdiction to relieve against the forfeiture of leases from the early 17th century cases through to the present day. Although the celebrated case of Sanders v Pope, decided in 1806, marked a trend towards a more flexible (discretionary) approach to equitable relief, this was to be short lived following Lord Eldon’s judgment in Hill v Barclay in 1811 declining to grant relief against forfeiture of a lease for a wilful breach of covenant not involving the failure to pay rent even where the same was capable of adequate compensation. This remained the position until 1973, when the House of Lords in Shiloh Spinners Ltd v Harding took the opportunity to review the whole question of the scope of equity’s jurisdiction to relieve against forfeiture. What emerged was a principled approach to the grant of equitable relief which was not limited to the two orthodox heads of relief: (a) where the right to forfeit was inserted by way of security for the payment of rent nd (b) where the breach had been occasioned by fraud, accident, mistake or surprise. The Shiloh ruling paved the way for the granting of relief for breaches of other covenants in the same way as that in the case of rent, namely, to prevent a forfeiture where the landlord may be adequately compensated and receive proper undertakings as to future performance, so that the forfeiture clause is merely security to achieve these results.
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Mansfield, John R., und James S. Robinson. „Material compliance and conditional break clauses: some implications for practice“. Structural Survey 25, Nr. 2 (05.06.2007): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800710747690.
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PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the awareness and understanding of break clause management by small business tenants in the light of the Appeal Court decision in Fitzroy House Epworth Street (No. 1) Ltd and another v. The Financial Times Ltd [2006].Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data were collected using detailed questionnaires distributed to occupational tenants in three sub‐markets across the West Midlands. The questionnaire incorporated Likert‐scale and close‐response questions.FindingsThe general conclusions were that the tenants surveyed were dangerously unaware of the barriers that exist in trying to effect break clauses, a position exacerbated by the decision in Fitzroy.Practical implicationsThe research points to an increasing need for tenants to be made more aware of the technical and management problems that surround the option to determine clause.Originality/valueThe paper offers an applied examination in an important aspect of contemporary lease management. It provides a platform on which to base further studies in other geographical areas for comparative and aggregate purposes.
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WILLIAMS, ANDREW J. „‘Reconstruction’ before the Marshall Plan“. Review of International Studies 31, Nr. 3 (13.06.2005): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006625.
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As is often the case when a concept gets a new lease of life in the newspapers there has been a resurrection of interest in recent times in the concept of ‘reconstruction’. The current American administration has now undertaken not one but two major wars that have resulted in the need for reconstruction since 2001 when George W. Bush took up office in the White House. In the previous few years there were major reconstruction efforts undertaken in Bosnia (after the 1995 Dayton Accords) and in Kosovo (after the war of 1999), to name but the most obvious. Historians have to some extent taken up this cue and have been producing edited books and even full length monographs on the ‘lessons’ that we might learn from historical reconstruction efforts. There has also been a great use of conscious historical analogy by President George W. Bush. One classic example of the recent past by President Bush in a speech to the American Enterprise Institute elicited an indignant response from a number of historians in the Financial Times on the dangers of historical analogy.
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Jephcott, Mark, Max Kaufman und Ben Gordon. „The battle of the tests: a Pyrrhic victory? A case note on the Supreme Court judgment in Peninsula Securities Ltd v. Dunnes Stores (Bangor) Ltd“. Competition Law Journal 19, Nr. 4 (25.12.2020): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/clj.2020.04.01.
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In Peninsula Securities, the Supreme Court held that a restrictive covenant, granted in a lease to an anchor tenant of a shopping centre not to allow any retail unit in the centre to be leased to competing shops, does not engage the doctrine of restraint of trade. The question of its enforceability therefore hinges on whether the relevant covenant breaches competition law, and specifically whether it is anti-competitive by object or effect. This relatively straightforward conclusion of the Supreme Court in Peninsula Securities masks over 50 years of conflicting judgments and uncertainty in the area. Prior to Peninsula Securities, the majority decision of the House of Lords in Esso Petroleum v Harper's Garage gave rise to a ‘battle of the tests’: the majority opined that the doctrine of restraint of trade would only be engaged if the covenantor contracts to give up a freedom they already had (what has come to be known as the ‘pre-existing freedom test’; Lord Wilberforce, dissenting, formulated what came to be known as the ‘trading society test’ which is basically a rule of reason test. In Peninsula Securities, the Supreme Court clearly sided with the latter, but in reality neither test is likely to be considered in future challenges to an anchor tenancy restrictive covenant – the key question is whether it is anti-competitive, something which only the relevant facts of the case will determine.
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Johaimi Ling, Nur Lesya Firsya, Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Aliasak und Kartina Alauddin. „Sale and Leaseback Investment Concepts in Malaysian REIT Companies“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, Nr. 12 (31.12.2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1942.
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Sale and leaseback investment has been a growing trend among the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) Companies in Malaysia. This study is to determine the important elements in the concepts of the sale and leaseback transactions practiced by the REIT companies. The study uses the NVIVO software to analyze the data interviews with the REIT managers that adopt sale and leaseback investment transactions. With a response rate of 78%, results show there are three main elements namely location, type of lease, and rental. This study forms a useful guide to real estate managers in developing countries towards using the sale and leaseback as one of the alternative methods in property investment.Keywords: sale and leaseback; property investment; REITeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1942
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Ling, Nur Lesya Firsya Johaimi, Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Aliasak und Kartina Alauddin. „Malaysia REIT Companies Concepts in Practicing Sale and Leaseback Investment“. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 5, Nr. 15 (08.03.2020): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i15.343.
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Sale and leaseback investment has been a growing trend among the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) Companies in Malaysia. This study is to determine the important elements in the concepts of the sale and leaseback transactions practiced by the REIT companies. The study uses the NVIVO software to analyze the data interviews with the REIT managers that adopt sale and leaseback investment transactions. With a response rate of 78%, results show there are three main elements namely location, type of lease, and rental. This study forms a useful guide to real estate managers in developing countries towards using the sale and leaseback as one of the alternative methods in property investment.Keywords: sale and leaseback; property investment; REITeISSN: 2514-7528 © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v5i15.343
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Huzjan, Vladimir. „Expropriation of feudal property in the interwar period“. Review of Croatian history 15, Nr. 1 (20.12.2019): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v15i1.9745.
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Prior to the agricultural reform, the free and royal town of Varaždin owned 1.228 jutros of arable land. The agricultural reform divided 1.038 jutros, the army claimed 100 jutros for its needs, whereas only 90 jutros were left under the ownership of the Town. Previous to the agricultural reform, in the war year of 1917, money received from the lease of the land made up more than 5 percent of the town income. However, having entered the new state union and due to the introduction of the agricultural reform as well as new and higher taxes in 1923, the land lease revenue made up barely 0,2 percent of the town budget. A buyer could enter expropriated land of the Town of Varaždin into the land register only when reimbursement had been payed off, and he also had to build a house there within the next three years. Farmers obtained the land on a temporary one-year lease. Having taken everything into consideration, the agricultural reform failed to increase prosperity, on the contrary, it brought along direct financial losses for the Town of Varaždin. Namely, in March 1939, during a Municipal Council sitting members commented that the Town of Varaždin ceased to be the administration centre of the northern Croatia due to the loss of financial directive and county jurisdiction, whereas it also lost significant financial income due to the seizure of large amounts of land for the agricultural reform. For the purpose of illustration, it would be interesting to see where the properties owned by the Town of Varaždin were located; however, due to the large number of cadastral parcels, its drawing is beyond the scope of this paper. Regarding the seniorate possession of the Stari grad, Rudolf II Habsburg gave it to count Toma Erdödy and his heirs who managed the property up to the first half of the 20th century. As opposed to the property belonging to the Town of Varaždin, in this case, the number of cadastral parcels is smaller and therefore it was be possible to make an illustration depicting the surface it occupied in the area of the Town of Varaždin. The seniorate possession belonging to the counts of Erdödy was smaller than the then Town of Varaždin and consisted of 1.091 jutros of land. After the agrarian reform had been conducted, 825 cadastral jutros remained. Moreover, the process caused conflicts within the Erdödy family and short time after they vanished from Varaždin.
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Ball, W. David. „“A False Idea of Economy”“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 664, Nr. 1 (18.02.2016): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215601844.
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Realignment in California comes at a time when the state’s prison system is expensive and overcrowded; the response has been to reevaluate and reconfigure the way counties use state prisons. Based on an original historical analysis of state archival records from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as a well as a review of secondary historical accounts of California’s prison system, I show that similar problems and policies were present at the state’s founding: issues of expense, overcrowding, and the county-state relationship help to explain the origins, size, and shape of the California prison system. California’s lack of money first drove it to try to house prisoners on the cheap, starting when it made county jails the state prison system by fiat, continuing through a decade of privatization and convict lease arrangements in San Quentin, and concluding with a state-administered system partly funded by prison labor. By the time the value of prison labor atrophied and the true costs of a nonremunerative prison system revealed itself, the state was locked into fiscal and administrative responsibility for prisoners. Along the way, however, state and local governments sought to pass carceral responsibilities—and their attendant expenses—from one level of government to another in a manner that resembles today’s battles over Realignment.
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Cho, Seonga, und Gunhak Lee. „Exploring spatio-temporal hot spots of land price change with housing transaction data in Seoul“. Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-45-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Evaluating residential property prices or land values is quite important for urban planning and government taxation as well. But it is generally difficult to predict land values accurately due to the dynamics of land prices, particularly in urban areas. Urban land values are mostly affected by natural environmental changes and various social and economic factors (Colwell & Munneke, 1997). Also, such socio economic factors are influencing both temporal and spatial aspects of land value, and therefore spatio-temporal clusters of land price changes will show local variations of land values very well. Specifically, the spatio-temporal hot spots might indicate highly increasing demand of lands in the urban area. In those areas, regulation against real estate speculation must be needed from the public perspective because such areas might impact on other area land prices and ultimately national economic status. Therefore, analyzing spatio-temporal aspects of the land price is essential for efficient urban planning and policy making.</p><p> In this study, we attempt to detect spatio-temporal hot spots which are constantly increasing the value of residential property among real estate. Although there are many types of differently designated lands including such as commercial, agricultural, and lands for other usage, we focus on the residential lands to estimate land values in this research. The reason for this is because residential house price is substantially increasing and becoming one of sensitive issues of Seoul house market. Therefore, poor people or younger generation cannot afford such high housing expenses in Seoul. Also, house transaction data is much larger than other land usage data, and therefore it can be utilized for estimating land values more precisely. From 2011 to 2016, over 1.8 million housing transactions of lease and sale happened in Seoul. This big data on housing lease and sale transactions indicates the value of each location where the transaction occurred.</p><p> Specifically, we utilize spatial interpolation method including Kriging and differential local Moran’s I approach based on housing transaction data in Seoul. Housing transaction data includes every transaction for sales and leases of the house for the particular period. By applying these methodologies, we can visualize spatio-temporal clusters of highly increasing land prices and interpret significant clusters in terms of social factors. In fact, land price distribution has been widely discussed associated with smart growth and urban development (American Planning Association, 2002; Kaiser et al., 1995). However, most studies have focused on urban development and expansion, rather than the changes in the land price. Moreover, many studies have applied remote sensing approach to analyze urban land expansion (Xiao et al., 2006; Magigi & Drescher, 2010). Notably, Hu et al., (2013) applied IDW to interpolate and estimating land prices with land samples. However, IDW has a shortcoming to interpolate the value which is distant from the sample points. In addition, even studies focusing on the land price have dealt with only one temporal period. From this research gap, we use the ordinary Kriging and differential local Moran’s I to detect and forecast local hot spots of land price changes.</p><p> This research has conducted the following steps. At the first step, several transactions for the residential area are consolidated into a single land value indicator. Suppose that the residential rent consists of three factors that are housing price (<i>P</i>), deposit (<i>D</i>), and monthly rent (<i>R</i>). Each factor can be transformed into the value index (<i>V</i>) by the transformation formula below. After calculating the land value index from the transformation, the global trend of the value index is overlaid on each period. Figure 1. Shows the mean value index increased from 2011 to 2016. Then, square cells regularly spaced by 100 meters are generated over study area to perform the ordinary Kriging. After the ordinary Kriging, the land value index is assigned to each grid cell. Finally, differential local Moran’s I index is calculated based on the difference that value index change between each year.</p><p> <i>V</i>&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.75&thinsp;*&thinsp;0.005&thinsp;*&thinsp;<i>P</i>&thinsp;+&thinsp;0.005&thinsp;*&thinsp;<i>D</i>&thinsp;+&thinsp;<i>R</i></p><p> As a result, the global trend of land value changes from 2011 to 2016 in Seoul is shown in Figure. 1. The mean value index is increasing constantly. The spatio-temporal hot spots of land price change are found where the value index increment exceeds the average value index increasing over Seoul. As a result, seven clusters are detected (Figure. 2).</p>
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Mustofa, Mustofa, und Manshur Idris. „AL-KHULUW (KOMPENSASI PELEPASAN HAK) ANTARA TEORI, PRAKTIK, DAN SOLUSI EKONOMI KONTEMPORER“. LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 12, Nr. 2 (10.12.2018): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v12i2.159.
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Economy continues to grow rapidly especially supported by the advancement of science and technology which increasingly encourages the creation of economic practices that have never happened in the past, the distance between one country and another is getting closer, so it is possible to do transactions between countries both individually and institutionally. In the fields of trade, investment, export-import, stock exchange, leasing, buying and selling, bonds and almost all developing economic practices require answers and legal solutions for Muslims so that their implementation is in accordance with the guidelines of Islamic law, for the sake of the realization of the benefit and goodness of the world and the hereafter. Al-Khuluw (releasing rights) is one of the economic practices developed today in the lease agreement. This practice has developed in several Islamic countries, such as Egypt, Morocco, Iraq and Syria. Al-Khuluw practice is a contract in which the land owner, house or shophouse asks for a sum of money outside the rental price according to the agreement as compensation for him who has rented the place to the tenant or the owner gives money outside the rental price according to the tenant to cancel the contract in the middle the road due to certain reasons, or the first tenant rents his place to the second tenant by accepting money outside the rental price according to the agreement as compensation for the first tenant.
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Braje, Jackie. „I cannot leave my house“. Minnesota review 2021, Nr. 96 (01.05.2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-8851506.
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Samchuk, Taras. „THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSITY SPACE IN KYIV (the history of the first facilities of the university of st. Volodymyr)“. City History, Culture, Society, Nr. 3 (30.10.2017): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.03.039.
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The history of the first facilities of st. Vladimir University and its situation in the city in 1830-40s were not in the centre of special research before. That’s why the first period of the university existing can’t be fully described. For this reason, the aim of the study is to highlight the history of the first leased buildings of st. Vladimir University in the context of the formation of university space.
The term “university space” will be applied to describe all the facilities of the university. This multi-concept will be specifically used to research the university’s physical space (the area of university buildings). This article is a part of series of articles dedicated to the early stage of existence of the university in Kyiv.
This series of articles is the first attempt to describe university space in Kyiv by locating university facilities in the city space. This is the first step of reconstructing of the university life in Kyiv and studying out what features of university and city communication were in that time. The last stage of university space expansion during the first period of its existence was highlighted in the article. Particular attention was paid to the details of buildings construction. Information about the owners of facilities was also given in the article. Places of the situation of university facilities in the city space of Kyiv were highlighted in this research. The main attention was paid to the details of the buildings of students’ hospital, university’s church, house of poor students, units of the botanical garden and medical faculty facilities. A lot of archived and cartographical sources were used for this purpose. The unknown archived documents were used in the article. The study analyzed details of lease contracts of employment of homes for St. Vladimir University. The article indicates which collections and departments were located in each of the leased buildings.
The main conclusions show that university covered big yards not only buildings. The facilities of the university were located next to the administrative centre of the city close to the most prestigious district of Kyiv ‒ Lypky, and Pechersk. St. Vladimir University started to expand very quickly, that’s why a lot of new facilities were leased during the first period of its history. The University expanded not only into the city’s physical space but also become very influent in creating of Kyiv cultural space.
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Georgsson, Gudmundur, Sigurdur Sigurdarson und Paul Brown. „Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years“. Journal of General Virology 87, Nr. 12 (01.12.2006): 3737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82011-0.
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In 1978, a rigorous programme was implemented to stop the spread of, and subsequently eradicate, sheep scrapie in Iceland. Affected flocks were culled, premises were disinfected and, after 2–3 years, restocked with lambs from scrapie-free areas. Between 1978 and 2004, scrapie recurred on 33 farms. Nine of these recurrences occurred 14–21 years after culling, apparently as the result of environmental contamination, but outside entry could not always be absolutely excluded. Of special interest was one farm with a small, completely self-contained flock where scrapie recurred 18 years after culling, 2 years after some lambs had been housed in an old sheep-house that had never been disinfected. Epidemiological investigation established with near certitude that the disease had not been introduced from the outside and it is concluded that the agent may have persisted in the old sheep-house for at least 16 years.
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Wang, Mei Yan, Feng Qi und Jun Shan Ma. „Research on Energy-Saving Reconstruction on a Nontraditional Rural House in Zhejiang Province“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.271.
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A large number of nontraditional rural houses were built in 1980s in Zhejiang province. These houses often fail to meet the modern needs of local villagers. In this paper, one such house was reconstructed, using some green-construction technologies and the lowest cost, and the least construction criteria, in order to obtain the best appearance and the best energy-saving effect. Furthermore, the rural house was evaluated using simulations to examine performance on energy consumption, ventilation, and natural lighting. The annual energy consumption of the reconstructed house is 66.6 KWh/m2 and the energy-saving rate is 56.23%. Wind velocity of the main activity area ranges from 0.3 to 1 m/s, and the illumination values are above 55 lx, which all meet the requirements of the Chinese Green Building Standards.
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Yusof, Mohamad Zaki, Husna Afifi und Suzana Said. „DETERMINING INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT CONDITION OF KUTAI HOUSE THROUGH BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS“. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment 7, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/myse.v7i1.8916.
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Conserving the traditional Malay Kutai houses as our building heritage is important before they perish due to neglection. For maintenance purposes, the palm leave roofs are replaced with more durable materials such as zinc or onduline roof sheets. Replacing the building materials without understanding their properties could cause harmful effect on the indoor thermal comfort. Previously, there is minimal quantitative research done to prove that the traditional Malay house is thermally comfortable. Thus, this research intends to measure the thermal comfort parameters of Kutai house and analyse the result using a bioclimatic chart. The results revealed that the average thermal comfort conditions of the Kutai houses are within the boundaries of comfort zone as recommended for natural ventilated buildings despite using zinc roof.
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Mitterpach, Jozef, und Jozef Štefko. „An Environmental Impact of a Wooden and Brick House by the LCA Method“. Key Engineering Materials 688 (April 2016): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.688.204.
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The main objective of this paper thesis is to determine the environmental impact of two houses made of two alternative materials - a wooden and a brick house - using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). By comparing the material composition of their design to determine the environmental impacts of global warming, human health, consumption of resources and ecosystem quality. An overall comparison showed that the materials for the construction of a wooden house have less negative impact on the environment than materials for the construction of a brick house. Using the GWP method, results show that the materials for the construction of a brick house leave twice the carbon footprint in the environment than materials for a wooden house. This resultant state is mainly due to the use of natural materials in the wooden house (wood, fibre insulation), unlike the materials used in the brick house (ceramic masonry, insulation from stone wool) and so on.
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Guadalajara, Natividad, Miguel Ángel López, Adina Iftimi und Antonio Usai. „Influence of the Cadastral Value of the Urban Land and Neighborhood Characteristics on the Mean House Mortgage Appraisal“. Land 10, Nr. 3 (02.03.2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030250.
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As house mortgage appraisal values have played a leading role in the 2007–2012 financial crisis, it is important to develop robust mass appraisal models that correctly estimate these values. The present paper intends to propose a methodology to examine the spatial distribution of house mortgage appraisal values. To do so, we analyzed the effect that these values, cadastral urban land values, characteristics of houses, and socioeconomic conditions and services in neighborhoods, have on house mortgage appraisal values in the 70 boroughs of Valencia (Spain). Econometric and spatial models were used, and variables were calculated as the mean and weighted values per boroughs. Our results showed that the hierarchy of cadastral values impacted mortgage appraisal values. Conversely, not all the boroughs-related variables influenced the mean mortgage values of houses, although some did anomalously. We conclude that the spatial error or autoregressive models provided very good fit results, which somewhat improved the ordinary least square model. Moreover, house mortgage appraisal values may be influenced by not only cadastral values but also by some district characteristics like mean family property size, vehicle age, distance from a metro station or from infant or primary education centers.
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Ward-Perkins, J. B., J. H. Little, D. J. Mattingly und S. C. Gibson. „Town Houses at Ptolemais, Cyrenaica: A Summary Report of Survey and Excavation Work in 1971, 1978–1979“. Libyan Studies 17 (1986): 109–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900007093.
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AbstractThis summary presents the main results of three seasons of survey and limited excavation work carried out by the Society at Ptolemais in Eastern Libya. The survey concentrated on two major town houses which had been partially excavated by Richard Goodchild (House G and House T), whilst excavation was carried out on the adjacent site known as the North-east Quadrant. All of the sites revealed complex structural histories and it is evident that in this quarter of Ptolemais, at least, life within the town continued well into the Islamic period.
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Rzepka, Sławomir, Jozef Hudec, Jarosław Jarmużek, Veronika Dubcová und Lucia Hulková. „Tell el-Retaba: season 2016“. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, Nr. 1 (09.07.2018): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1771.
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Excavations of the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba in 2016 were continued in the western part of the site, uncovering remains of domestic and funerary structures from the Second Intermediate Period in Area 4. Houses from the first half of the Eighteenth Dynasty were also investigated in this area. In Area 9, several houses from the Third Intermediate Period were explored and, for the first time, also substantial remains of a Late Period settlement, including at least one “tower house”.