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Thematische Bibliographien / Host-parasite relationships Immunological aspects / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Host-parasite relationships Immunological aspects“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 28. Januar 2023

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1

Damian, Raymond T. "Immunological aspects of host-schistosome relationships." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, suppl 4 (1987): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000800004.

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Bhopale, Mahendra. "Experimental Hookworm Infection in Laboratory animals: Parasite behavior, Immune response and Chemotherapeutic Studies." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 5 (June 24, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/040.

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Hookworm disease is known to be caused allergic manifestation and severe anemic pathogenicity in man and canine hosts. Attempts have been made to establish laboratory models of Necator americaus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum, together with canine parasite, Ancylostoma caninum. The studies include pathophysiological aspects of the host-parasite relationship, and develop to establish patent infection. Immunological approach to selecting antigen for diagnosis and protective immunity purpose using larval and adult worm antigens and their secretions became the focus with the su

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Duff, Gordon W., and Joost J. Oppenheim. "Comparative aspects of host-parasite and host-tumor relationships." Cytokine 4, no. 5 (September 1992): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-4666(92)90075-3.

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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Piszczatowska, Jacek Brzost, Nils Ludwig, Mirosław J. Szczepański, and Karolina Dżaman. "Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102361.

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity

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Schmid-Hempel, Paul. "Immune defence, parasite evasion strategies and their relevance for ‘macroscopic phenomena’ such as virulence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1513 (October 17, 2008): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0157.

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The discussion of host–parasite interactions, and of parasite virulence more specifically, has so far, with a few exceptions, not focused much attention on the accumulating evidence that immune evasion by parasites is not only almost universal but also often linked to pathogenesis, i.e. the appearance of virulence. Now, the immune evasion hypothesis offers a deeper insight into the evolution of virulence than previous hypotheses. Sensitivity analysis for parasite fitness and life-history theory shows promise to generate a more general evolutionary theory of virulence by including a major eleme

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Anversa, Laís, Monique Gomes Salles Tiburcio, Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira, and Luis Eduardo Ramirez. "Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 64, no. 3 (March 2018): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.03.281.

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Summary Leishmaniasis is a disease with ample clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity and is considered a major public health problem. This article presents an overview of the transmission cycles, host-parasite interactions, clinical, histological and immunological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of various forms of the human disease.

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Dajčman, Urban, Miguel A. Carretero, Rodrigo Megía-Palma, Ana Perera, Rok Kostanjšek, and Anamarija Žagar. "Shared haemogregarine infections in competing lacertids." Parasitology 149, no. 2 (September 28, 2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021001645.

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AbstractIn parasite–host interactions host species may differ in their ability to fight parasitic infections, while other ecological interactions, including competition, may differentially alter their physiological state, making them even more susceptible to parasites. In this study, we analyse the haemogregarine blood parasites infecting two competing lizard species, Iberolacerta horvathi and Podarcis muralis, and explore host–parasite relationships under different host competition scenarios. Both species were infected with haemogregarine parasites belonging to the genus Karyolysus. Using the

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MEDLEY, G. F. "The epidemiological consequences of optimisation of the individual host immune response." Parasitology 125, no. 7 (October 2002): S61—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002354.

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We present a simple unscaled, quantitative framework that addresses the optimum use of resources throughout a host's lifetime based on continuous exposure to parasites (rather than evolutionary, genetically explicit trade-offs). The principal assumptions are that a host's investment of resources in growth increases its survival and reproduction, and that increasing parasite burden reduces survival. The host reproductive value is maximised for a given combination of rates of parasite exposure, host resource acquisition and pathogenicity, which results in an optimum parasite burden (for the host

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KOPRIVNIKAR, J., and H. S. RANDHAWA. "Benefits of fidelity: does host specialization impact nematode parasite life history and fecundity?" Parasitology 140, no. 5 (January 24, 2013): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012002132.

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SUMMARYThe range of hosts used by a parasite is influenced by macro-evolutionary processes (host switching, host–parasite co-evolution), as well as ‘encounter filters’ and ‘compatibility filters’ at the micro-evolutionary level driven by host/parasite ecology and physiology. Host specialization is hypothesized to result in trade-offs with aspects of parasite life history (e.g. reproductive output), but these have not been well studied. We used previously published data to create models examining general relationships among host specificity and important aspects of life history and reproduction

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Robinson, M., F. Wahid, J. M. Behnke, and F. S. Gilbert. "Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): dose-dependent expulsion of adult worms." Parasitology 98, no. 1 (February 1989): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000059758.

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SummaryThe survival of Heligmosomoides polygyrus was monitored during primary infections in female C57Bl10, NIH and BALB/c mice at low and high intensities of infection. Survivorship curves were fitted for each data set and analysed. C57Bl10 mice, given either low or high intensities of infection, harboured parasites for 28–37 weeks, heavier infections surviving marginally but significantly longer. Essentially the survivorship curves of H. polygyrus in C57Bl10 mice could be accounted for by senility, the increased probability of worms with a longer life-span occurring at high infection intensi

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Su, XQ, and RWG White. "Frequency Distribution and Host-Parasite Relationships of Zschokkella Leptatherinae (Myxozoa: Myxiidae), a Parasite of Atherinid Fishes." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 1 (1996): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960097.

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The frequency distribution and aspects of host-parasite relationship of the myxosporean Zschokkella leptatherinae Su and White (1995) in the hepatic ducts and gall bladder of two atherinid fishes, Atherinosoma microstoma (Gunther) and Leptatherina presbyteroides (Richardson), were studied from January 1990 to June 1992. In both fish species, the distribution of Z. leptatherinae fitted the log-normal model. The prevalence and intensity of infection did not vary seasonally. The infection of the parasite occurred more frequently in larger hosts in both fish species but no relationship existed eit

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Melo, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos, Rogério Antonio Ribeiro Rodrigues, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Scott Lyell Gardner, and Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos. "Histopathologic aspects in Plagioscion squamosissimus (HECKEL, 1940) induced by Neoechinorhynchus veropesoi, metacestodes and anisakidae juveniles." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014048.

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Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel 1840), a fish endemic to the Amazon Basin and commonly known as the “silver croaker”, plays an important role in the ecology and economy of Pará State, Brazil. Knowledge of host-parasite relationships is important to understanding the role of parasites in the control of natural host populations. This work describes histopathological aspects caused by several common intestinal parasites found during a helminthological survey of fish in northern Brazil. We observed a high prevalence of helminth infection, especially by J3 nematode juveniles of the family Anisak

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Velavan, TP, and Olusola Ojurongbe. "Regulatory T Cells and Parasites." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/520940.

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Human host encounters a wide array of parasites; however, the crucial aspect is the failure of the host immune system to clear these parasites despite antigen recognition. In the recent past, a new immunological concept has emerged, which provides a framework to better understand several aspects of host susceptibility to parasitic infection. It is widely believed that parasites are able to modulate the magnitude of effector responses by inducing regulatory T cell (Tregs) population and several studies have investigated whether this cell population plays a role in balancing protective immunity

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Zhang, Wenbao, Hao Wen, Jun Li, Renyong Lin, and Donald P. McManus. "Immunology and Immunodiagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis: An Update." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/101895.

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by the larval cystic stage of the dog tapewormEchinococcus granulosus. This complex multicellular pathogen produces various antigens which modulate the host immune response and promote parasite survival and development. The recent application of modern molecular and immunological approaches has revealed novel insights on the nature of the immune responses generated during the course of a hydatid infection, although many aspects of theEchinococcus-host interplay remain unexplored. This paper summarizes recent developments in our under

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Darlan, Dewi Masyithah, Muhammad Fakhrur Rozi, and Hemma Yulfi. "Overview of Immunological Responses and Immunomodulation Properties of Trichuris sp.: Prospects for Better Understanding Human Trichuriasis." Life 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11030188.

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Trichuris sp. infection has appeared as a pathological burden in the population, but the immunomodulation features could result in an opportunity to discover novel treatments for diseases with prominent inflammatory responses. Regarding the immunological aspects, the innate immune responses against Trichuris sp. are also responsible for determining subsequent immune responses, including the activation of innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2s), and encouraging the immune cell polarization of the resistant host phenotype. Nevertheless, this parasite can establish a supportive niche for worm surviva

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Tate, Ann T., and Andrea L. Graham. "Dissecting the contributions of time and microbe density to variation in immune gene expression." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1859 (July 26, 2017): 20170727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0727.

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Widespread differential expression of immunological genes is a hallmark of the response to infection in almost all surveyed taxa. However, several challenges remain in the attempt to connect differences in gene expression with functional outcomes like parasite killing and host survival. For example, temporal gene expression patterns are not always monotonic (unidirectional slope), yielding results that qualitatively depend on the time point selected for analysis. They may also be correlated to microbe density, confounding the strength of an immune response and resistance to parasites. In this

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Bouzid, Maha, Paul R. Hunter, Rachel M. Chalmers, and Kevin M. Tyler. "Cryptosporidium Pathogenicity and Virulence." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 26, no. 1 (January 2013): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00076-12.

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have reported different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence amongCryptosporidiumspecies and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. The identification and validation ofCryptosporidiumvirulence factors have been hindered by the renowned difficulties pertaining to thein vitroculture and genetic manipulation of this parasite. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in

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Ezenwa, Vanessa O., and Matthew H. Snider. "Reciprocal relationships between behaviour and parasites suggest that negative feedback may drive flexibility in male reproductive behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0423.

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Parasites are ubiquitous components of the environment that contribute to behavioural and life-history variation among hosts. Although it is well known that host behaviour can affect parasite infection risk and that parasites can alter host behaviour, the potential for dynamic feedback between these processes is poorly characterized. Using Grant's gazelle ( Nanger granti ) as a model, we tested for reciprocal effects of behaviour on parasites and parasites on behaviour to understand whether behaviour–parasite feedback could play a role in maintaining variation in male reproductive behaviour. A

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Gomez, Lourdes M., Victor A. Meszaros, Wendy C. Turner, and C. Brandon Ogbunugafor. "The Epidemiological Signature of Pathogen Populations That Vary in the Relationship between Free-Living Parasite Survival and Virulence." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091055.

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The relationship between parasite virulence and transmission is a pillar of evolutionary theory that has implications for public health. Part of this canon involves the idea that virulence and free-living survival (a key component of transmission) may have different relationships in different host–parasite systems. Most examinations of the evolution of virulence-transmission relationships—Theoretical or empirical in nature—Tend to focus on the evolution of virulence, with transmission being a secondary consideration. Even within transmission studies, the focus on free-living survival is a smal

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HIGÓN, MELISSA, GRAEME COWAN, NORMAN NAUSCH, DAVID CAVANAGH, ANA OLEAGA, RAFAEL TOLEDO, J. RUSSELL STOTHARD, et al. "Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echinostoma caproni." Parasitology 138, no. 12 (June 10, 2011): 1607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000412.

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SUMMARYWith the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes w

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Zainab A. Makawi, Hind D Hadi, and Azhar Ali. "Revision of some species of the genus Cryptosporidium (Tyzzer, 1907) (Eucoccidiorida, cryptosporidiidae) in cattle in Iraq." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0003.

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Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that causes gastroenteritis in a number of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have recorded different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among Cryptosporidium species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. Nevertheless, important progress has been made in determining Cryptosporidium's putative virulence factors. Since the publication of C parvum and C. Hominis this development has been accelerated genomes, identified by a range of immunological and m

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Stear, M. J., D. Singleton, and L. Matthews. "An evolutionary perspective on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 2 (April 19, 2011): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000058.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to discuss from an evolutionary perspective the interaction between domestic sheep (Ovis aries)and their gastrointestinal nematodes. Although evolution is the central theme of biology, there has been little attempt to consider how evolutionary forces have shaped and continue to shape the relationships between domestic animals and their parasite community. Mathematical modelling of the host–parasite relationship indicated that the system is remarkably robust to perturbations in its parameters. This robustness may be a consequence of the long coevolution of

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Florentino, P. T. V., F. Real, A. Bonfim-Melo, C. M. Orikaza, E. R. Ferreira, C. C. Pessoa, B. R. Lima, G. R. S. Sasso, and R. A. Mortara. "An Historical Perspective on How Advances in Microscopic Imaging Contributed to Understanding theLeishmaniaSpp. andTrypanosoma cruziHost-Parasite Relationship." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/565291.

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The literature has identified complex aspects of intracellular host-parasite relationships, which require systematic, nonreductionist approaches and spatial/temporal information. Increasing and integrating temporal and spatial dimensions in host cell imaging have contributed to elucidating several conceptual gaps in the biology of intracellular parasites. To access and investigate complex and emergent dynamic events, it is mandatory to follow them in the context of living cells and organs, constructing scientific images with integrated high quality spatiotemporal data. This review discusses ex

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Duaso, Juan, Erika Yanez, Christian Castillo, Norbel Galanti, Gonzalo Cabrera, Gabriela Corral, Juan Diego Maya, Inés Zulantay, Werner Apt, and Ulrike Kemmerling. "Reorganization of Extracellular Matrix in Placentas from Women with Asymptomatic Chagas Disease: Mechanism of Parasite Invasion or Local Placental Defense?" Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/758357.

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Chagas disease, produced by the protozoanTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi), is one of the most frequent endemic diseases in Latin America. In spite the fact that in the past few yearsT. cruzicongenital transmission has become of epidemiological importance, studies about this mechanism of infection are scarce. In order to explore some morphological aspects of this infection in the placenta, we analyzed placentas fromT. cruzi-infected mothers by immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. Infection in mothers, newborns, and placentas was confirmed by PCR and by immunofluorescence in the placenta.T.

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VELASQUEZ, LEONARDO G., MARIANA K. GALUPPO, ELOIZA DE REZENDE, WESLEY N. BRANDÃO, JEAN PIERRE PERON, SILVIA R. B. ULIANA, MARIA IRMA DUARTE, and BEATRIZ S. STOLF. "Distinct courses of infection withLeishmania(L.)amazonensisare observed in BALB/c, BALB/c nude and C57BL/6 mice." Parasitology 143, no. 6 (February 19, 2016): 692–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201600024x.

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SUMMARYLeishmania(L.)amazonensis[L.(L.)amazonensis] is widely distributed in Brazil and its symptomatic infections usually lead to few localized lesions and sometimes to diffuse cutaneous form, with nodules throughout the body, anergy to parasite antigens and poor therapeutic response. The variability of these manifestations draws attention to the need for studies on the pathophysiology of infection by this species. In this study, we analysed the course and immunological aspects ofL.(L.)amazonensisinfection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, both susceptible, but displaying different clinical cour

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P., Ma, and Gonzalez-Lanza, Ma C. "Goussia carpelli (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) in cyprinid fish of the Duero basin (NW Spain). Aspects of host-parasite relationships." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1986.tb00439.x.

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Gabriel, Áurea Martins, Adan Galué-Parra, Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira, Ketil Winther Pedersen, and Edilene Oliveira da Silva. "Leishmania 360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102081.

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Leishmania parasites are a group of kinetoplastid pathogens that cause a variety of clinical disorders while maintaining cell communication by secreting extracellular vesicles. Emerging technologies have been adapted for the study of Leishmania-host cell interactions, to enable the broad-scale analysis of the extracellular vesicles of this parasite. Leishmania extracellular vesicles (LEVs) are spheroidal nanoparticles of polydispersed suspensions surrounded by a layer of lipid membrane. Although LEVs have attracted increasing attention from researchers, many aspects of their biology remain unc

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Pittman, Kelly J., and Laura J. Knoll. "Long-Term Relationships: the Complicated Interplay between the Host and the Developmental Stages of Toxoplasma gondii during Acute and Chronic Infections." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 79, no. 4 (September 2, 2015): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00027-15.

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SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiirepresents one of the most common parasitic infections in the world. The asexual cycle can occur within any warm-blooded animal, but the sexual cycle is restricted to the feline intestinal epithelium.T. gondiiis acquired through consumption of tissue cysts in undercooked meat as well as food and water contaminated with oocysts. Once ingested, it differentiates into a rapidly replicating asexual form and disseminates throughout the body during acute infection. After stimulation of the host immune response,T. gondiidifferentiates into a slow-growing, asexual cyst form tha

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Vijay, Sonam, Manmeet Rawat, and Arun Sharma. "Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomic Analysis of Salivary Glands of Urban Malaria VectorAnopheles stephensi." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/686319.

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Salivary gland proteins ofAnophelesmosquitoes offer attractive targets to understand interactions with sporozoites, blood feeding behavior, homeostasis, and immunological evaluation of malaria vectors and parasite interactions. To date limited studies have been carried out to elucidate salivary proteins ofAn. stephensisalivary glands. The aim of the present study was to provide detailed analytical attributives of functional salivary gland proteins of urban malaria vectorAn. stephensi. A proteomic approach combining one-dimensional electrophoresis (1DE), ion trap liquid chromatography mass spec

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Hoberg, Eric P. "Evolution and historical biogeography of a parasite–host assemblage: Alcataenia spp. (Cyclophyllidea: Dilepididae) in Alcidae (Charadriiformes)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-378.

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The methodology of phylogenetic systematics was used to develop hypotheses for the evolution of eight species of Alcataenia, a group of host-specific cestodes of the Alcidae and, to a lesser extent, the Laridae (Charadriiformes). Concurrently, aspects of the early biogeography of alcids were reevaluated making it possible to study the historical and distributional relationships of parasites and hosts. The most parsimonious hypothesis for the phylogeny of Alcataenia suggested that sequential colonization or host switching with limited coevolution (coaccommodation) by parasites best explained th

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Behnke, J. M., Diane J. Williams, J. Hannah, and D. I. Pritchard. "Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): the capacity of adult worms to survive following transplantation to recipient mice." Parasitology 95, no. 3 (December 1987): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000057991.

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SUMMARYChronic primary infections with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius) are still relatively poorly documented, particularly in relation to the role of host resistance in limiting worm survival. In the present work the duration of infection with H. polygyrus was studied in CFLP mice given doses of infective larvae ranging from 50 to 500 L3. The least heavily infected (50 L3) group ceased egg production earliest (week 36) whereas eggs were still detected in the faeces of mice given 500 larvae in week 42. At autopsy (week 42) mice given 50 larvae had virtually lost their entire

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INNES, E. A., and A. N. VERMEULEN. "Vaccination as a control strategy against the coccidial parasitesEimeria,ToxoplasmaandNeospora." Parasitology 133, S2 (October 2006): S145—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006001855.

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The protozoan parasitesEimeriaspp.Toxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumare significant causes of disease in livestock worldwide andT. gondiiis also an important human pathogen. Drugs have been used with varying success to help control aspects of these diseases and commercial vaccines are available for all three groups of parasites. However, there are issues with increasing development of resistance to many of the anti-coccidial drugs used to help control avian eimeriosis and public concerns about the use of drugs in food animals. In addition there are no drugs available that can act against the

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Ji, Jian, and Hao Qu. "Cross-regulatory Circuit Between AHR and Microbiota." Current Drug Metabolism 20, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200219666180129151150.

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Background: The gut microbes have a close symbiotic relationship with their host. Interactions between host and the microbiota affect the nutritional, immunological, and physiological status of the host. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of xenobiotics. Recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and AHR has attracted the attention of many researchers. Methods: We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature. Results: We found and reviewed 49 peer-reviewed papers

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Wysmołek, Magdalena Elżbieta, Ewa Długosz, and Marcin Wiśniewski. "The Immunological Role of Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Filarial Infections." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040426.

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The embryonic stage of filarial nematodes, or microfilariae (Mf), shows daily and seasonal periodicity that requires their migration through blood vessels into the lungs, where they are sequestered when not circulating in the peripheral blood. Therefore, Mf and the host endothelium are likely in a permanent state of hide and seek. Interestingly, filarial nematodes co-cultured in media with a murine endothelial cell line survive eight times longer than those cultured in media alone. This suggests that the endothelium is an important element of the immune response in filarial nematodes, perverse

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Vanalli, Chiara, Lorenzo Mari, Lorenzo Righetto, Renato Casagrandi, Marino Gatto, and Isabella M. Cattadori. "Within-host mechanisms of immune regulation explain the contrasting dynamics of two helminth species in both single and dual infections." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e1008438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008438.

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Variation in the intensity and duration of infections is often driven by variation in the network and strength of host immune responses. While many of the immune mechanisms and components are known for parasitic helminths, how these relationships change from single to multiple infections and impact helminth dynamics remains largely unclear. Here, we used laboratory data from a rabbit-helminth system and developed a within-host model of infection to investigate different scenarios of immune regulation in rabbits infected with one or two helminth species. Model selection suggests that the immuno

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Widmer, Giovanni, David Carmena, Martin Kváč, Rachel M. Chalmers, Jessica C. Kissinger, Lihua Xiao, Adam Sateriale, et al. "Update on Cryptosporidium spp.: highlights from the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference." Parasite 27 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020011.

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While cryptosporidiosis is recognized as being among the most common causes of human parasitic diarrhea in the world, there is currently limited knowledge on Cryptosporidium infection mechanisms, incomplete codification of diagnostic methods, and a need for additional therapeutic options. In response, the Seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was hosted from 23 to 26 June 2019, at the Rouen Normandy University, France. This trusted event brought together an international delegation of researchers to synthesize recent advances and identify key research questio

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GOWER, C. M., A. F. GABRIELLI, M. SACKO, R. DEMBELÉ, R. GOLAN, A. M. EMERY, D. ROLLINSON, and J. P. WEBSTER. "Population genetics of Schistosoma haematobium: development of novel microsatellite markers and their application to schistosomiasis control in Mali." Parasitology 138, no. 8 (June 17, 2011): 978–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000722.

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SUMMARYThe recent implementation of mass drug administration (MDA) for control of uro-genital schistosomiasis has identified an urgent need for molecular markers to both directly monitor the impact of MDA, for example to distinguish re-infections from uncleared infections, as well as understand aspects of parasite reproduction and gene flow which might predict evolutionary change, such as the development and spread of drug resistance. We report the development of a novel microsatellite tool-kit allowing, for the first time, robust genetic analysis of individual S. haematobium larvae collected

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Mariano, M. "The experimental granuloma: a hypothesis to explain the persistence of the lesion." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 37, no. 2 (April 1995): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651995000200012.

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Granulomatous inflammation is the morphological substrate of a variety of important infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, schistosomiasis and others. Nevertheless, although many aspects of this special type of inflammation are known, fundamental questions concerning granuloma formation, persistence, fate and significance for host-parasite relationships still remain to be elucidated. In this brief review, the basic and more relevant literature related to experimental investigations on granuloma physiopathology is presented. Based on recent investigations performed in our laboratory

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Buret, André G., Simone M. Cacciò, Loïc Favennec, and Staffan Svärd. "Update on Giardia: Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference." Parasite 27 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020047.

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Although Giardia duodenalis is recognized as one of the leading causes of parasitic human diarrhea in the world, knowledge of the mechanisms of infection is limited, as the pathophysiological consequences of infection remain incompletely elucidated. Similarly, the reason for and consequences of the very specific genome-organization in this parasite with 2 active nuclei is only partially known. Consistent with its tradition, the 7th International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was held from June 23 to 26, 2019, at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Rou

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Binimelis-Salazar, Josefa, Angélica Casanova-Katny, Norbert Arnold, Celia A. Lima, Heraldo V. Norambuena, Gerardo González-Rocha, and Götz Palfner. "Diversity and Host Relationships of the Mycoparasite Sepedonium (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) in Temperate Central Chile." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112261.

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We present the first major survey of regional diversity, distribution and host-association of Sepedonium. Whereas the rather scarce worldwide records of this mycoparasitic fungus suggested no specific distribution pattern of most species before, we provide new evidence of endemic and specific host-parasite guilds of Sepedonium in Southern South America, including the description of a new species. The corresponding inventory was performed in temperate central Chile. The regional landscape, a mosaic of exotic timber plantations and remnants of native Nothofagus forests, facilitates a unique comb

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Gasan, Thomas A., Marije E. Kuipers, Grisial H. Roberts, Gilda Padalino, Josephine E. Forde-Thomas, Shona Wilson, Jakub Wawrzyniak, Edridah M. Tukahebwa, Karl F. Hoffmann, and Iain W. Chalmers. "Schistosoma mansoni Larval Extracellular Vesicle protein 1 (SmLEV1) is an immunogenic antigen found in EVs released from pre-acetabular glands of invading cercariae." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0009981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009981.

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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are an integral component of cellular/organismal communication and have been found in the excreted/secreted (ES) products of both protozoan and metazoan parasites. Within the blood fluke schistosomes, EVs have been isolated from egg, schistosomula, and adult lifecycle stages. However, the role(s) that EVs have in shaping aspects of parasite biology and/or manipulating host interactions is poorly defined. Herein, we characterise the most abundant EV-enriched protein in Schistosoma mansoni tissue-migrating schistosomula (Schistosoma mansoni Larval Extracellular Vesic

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Barreto-Lima, A. F., G. M. Toledo, and L. A. Anjos. "The nematode community in the Atlantic rainforest lizard Enyalius perditus Jackson, from south-eastern Brazil." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 4 (October 11, 2011): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000599.

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AbstractStudies focusing on communities of helminths from Brazilian lizards are increasing, but there are many blanks in the knowledge of parasitic fauna of wild fauna. This lack of knowledge hampers understanding of ecological and parasitological aspects of involved species. Moreover, the majority of research has focused on parasitic fauna of lizards from families Tropiduridae and Scincidae. Only a few studies have looked at lizards from the family Leiosauridae, including some species of Enyalius. This study presents data on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Enyalius perditus and their r

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Gomes Pereira, Sandra. "Aspects of the development of new anti-Leishmania drugs: from control of neglected infections to parasite-host interactions and drug-resistant parasites." FarmaJournal 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/fj202051105106.

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. The disease leads to different clinical manifestations determined by parasite features like heterogeneity in the virulence of distinct species-zymodemes and host parameters such as genetic characteristics and immunological status.Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe disease form and is potentially fatal if untreated. Drugs in use against VL present several drawbacks including high toxicity, relevant contraindications and complicated administration regimens. In addition, 90% of world´s VL cases are conce

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Maslov, Dmitri A., Fred R. Opperdoes, Alexei Y. Kostygov, Hassan Hashimi, Julius Lukeš, and Vyacheslav Yurchenko. "Recent advances in trypanosomatid research: genome organization, expression, metabolism, taxonomy and evolution." Parasitology 146, no. 1 (June 14, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000951.

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AbstractUnicellular flagellates of the family Trypanosomatidae are obligatory parasites of invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. Dixenous species are aetiological agents of a number of diseases in humans, domestic animals and plants. Their monoxenous relatives are restricted to insects. Because of the high biological diversity, adaptability to dramatically different environmental conditions, and omnipresence, these protists have major impact on all biotic communities that still needs to be fully elucidated. In addition, as these organisms represent a highly divergent evolutionary lineage, the

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Loria-Cervera, Elsy Nalleli, and Fernando Jose Andrade-Narvaez. "ANIMAL MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF LEISHMANIASIS IMMUNOLOGY." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000100001.

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Leishmaniasis remains a major public health problem worldwide and is classified as Category I by the TDR/WHO, mainly due to the absence of control. Many experimental models like rodents, dogs and monkeys have been developed, each with specific features, in order to characterize the immune response to Leishmania species, but none reproduces the pathology observed in human disease. Conflicting data may arise in part because different parasite strains or species are being examined, different tissue targets (mice footpad, ear, or base of tail) are being infected, and different numbers (“low” 1×102

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Kayano, Ana Carolina A. V., João Conrado K. Dos-Santos, Marcele F. Bastos, Leonardo J. Carvalho, Júlio Aliberti, and Fabio T. M. Costa. "Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Gaseous Therapies for Severe Malaria." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 4 (February 1, 2016): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01404-15.

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Over 200 million people worldwide suffer from malaria every year, a disease that causes 584,000 deaths annually. In recent years, significant improvements have been achieved on the treatment of severe malaria, with intravenous artesunate proving superior to quinine. However, mortality remains high, at 8% in children and 15% in adults in clinical trials, and even worse in the case of cerebral malaria (18% and 30%, respectively). Moreover, some individuals who do not succumb to severe malaria present long-term cognitive deficits. These observations indicate that strategies focused only on parasi

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McHugh, S. M., Patricia S. Coulson, and R. A. Wilson. "The relationship between pathology and resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni in mice: a causal mechanism of resistance in chronic infections." Parasitology 94, no. 1 (February 1987): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000053476.

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SUMMARYThe development of resistance in mice to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni was recorded during an early chronic infection, and compared with hepatic portal pathological and vascular changes. The latter were assessed using a microsphere injection technique. The degree of acquired resistance was directly dependent on the patent worm burden and the time post-infection. Strong correlations were noted between the development of resistance and the appearance of parasite eggs in the lungs and spleens of infected hosts. Weaker associations were present between resistance and other aspects of

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Summers, Kelly L. "A Structural Chemistry Perspective on the Antimalarial Properties of Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 569–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666181015152657.

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Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease, affecting approx. 214 million people worldwide. Malaria is caused by a protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum, which is transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria treatment is becoming more challenging due to rising resistance against the antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Novel compounds that target aspects of parasite development are being explored in attempts to overcome this wide-spread problem. Anti-malarial drugs target specific aspects of parasite growth and development within the human host. One of the most effective targets is the inh

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KNOWLES, LACEY L., and PAVEL B. KLIMOV. "Estimating phylogenetic relationships despite discordant gene trees across loci: the species tree of a diverse species group of feather mites (Acari: Proctophyllodidae)." Parasitology 138, no. 13 (April 20, 2011): 1750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201100031x.

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SUMMARYWith the increased availability of multilocus sequence data, the lack of concordance of gene trees estimated for independent loci has focused attention on both the biological processes producing the discord and the methodologies used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. What has emerged is a suite of new analytical tools for phylogenetic inference – species tree approaches. In contrast to traditional phylogenetic methods that are stymied by the idiosyncrasies of gene trees, approaches for estimating species trees explicitly take into account the cause of discord among loci and, in th

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Feitelson, Mark A., Alla Arzumanyan, Ira Spector, and Arvin Medhat. "Hepatitis B x (HBx) as a Component of a Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B." Biomedicines 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092210.

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Patients who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) which proceeds from hepatitis, to fibrosis, cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B-encoded X antigen, HBx, promotes virus gene expression and replication, protects infected hepatocytes from immunological destruction, and promotes the development of CLD and HCC. For virus replication, HBx regulates covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA transcription, while for CLD, HBx triggers cellular oxidative stress, in part, by triggering mitochondrial damage that stimulates

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