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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Host-parasite relationships Immunological aspects":
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Damian, Raymond T. „Immunological aspects of host-schistosome relationships“. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, suppl 4 (1987): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000800004.
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Hookworm disease is known to be caused allergic manifestation and severe anemic pathogenicity in man and canine hosts. Attempts have been made to establish laboratory models of Necator americaus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum, together with canine parasite, Ancylostoma caninum. The studies include pathophysiological aspects of the host-parasite relationship, and develop to establish patent infection. Immunological approach to selecting antigen for diagnosis and protective immunity purpose using larval and adult worm antigens and their secretions became the focus with the subsequent discovery of cloning in vaccine development as main research interest. Chemotherapy of newer drug screening in laboratory models ultimately selected to use for preventive chemotherapy in hookworm endemic areas using recommended drugs.
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Duff, Gordon W., und Joost J. Oppenheim. „Comparative aspects of host-parasite and host-tumor relationships“. Cytokine 4, Nr. 5 (September 1992): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-4666(92)90075-3.
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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Piszczatowska, Jacek Brzost, Nils Ludwig, Mirosław J. Szczepański und Karolina Dżaman. „Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis“. Diagnostics 12, Nr. 10 (29.09.2022): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102361.
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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.
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Schmid-Hempel, Paul. „Immune defence, parasite evasion strategies and their relevance for ‘macroscopic phenomena’ such as virulence“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, Nr. 1513 (17.10.2008): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0157.
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The discussion of host–parasite interactions, and of parasite virulence more specifically, has so far, with a few exceptions, not focused much attention on the accumulating evidence that immune evasion by parasites is not only almost universal but also often linked to pathogenesis, i.e. the appearance of virulence. Now, the immune evasion hypothesis offers a deeper insight into the evolution of virulence than previous hypotheses. Sensitivity analysis for parasite fitness and life-history theory shows promise to generate a more general evolutionary theory of virulence by including a major element, immune evasion to prevent parasite clearance from the host. Also, the study of dose–response relationships and multiple infections should be particularly illuminating to understand the evolution of virulence. Taking into account immune evasion brings immunological processes to the core of understanding the evolution of parasite virulence and for a range of related issues such as dose, host specificity or immunopathology. The aim of this review is to highlight the mechanism underlying immune evasion and to discuss possible consequences for the evolutionary ecology analysis of host–parasite interactions.
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Anversa, Laís, Monique Gomes Salles Tiburcio, Virgínia Bodelão Richini-Pereira und Luis Eduardo Ramirez. „Human leishmaniasis in Brazil: A general review“. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 64, Nr. 3 (März 2018): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.03.281.
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Summary Leishmaniasis is a disease with ample clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity and is considered a major public health problem. This article presents an overview of the transmission cycles, host-parasite interactions, clinical, histological and immunological aspects, diagnosis and treatment of various forms of the human disease.
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Dajčman, Urban, Miguel A. Carretero, Rodrigo Megía-Palma, Ana Perera, Rok Kostanjšek und Anamarija Žagar. „Shared haemogregarine infections in competing lacertids“. Parasitology 149, Nr. 2 (28.09.2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021001645.
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AbstractIn parasite–host interactions host species may differ in their ability to fight parasitic infections, while other ecological interactions, including competition, may differentially alter their physiological state, making them even more susceptible to parasites. In this study, we analyse the haemogregarine blood parasites infecting two competing lizard species, Iberolacerta horvathi and Podarcis muralis, and explore host–parasite relationships under different host competition scenarios. Both species were infected with haemogregarine parasites belonging to the genus Karyolysus. Using the 18S rRNA gene, six new Karyolysus haplotypes were identified clustering with other Central and Eastern European samples, and widely shared between both lizard hosts. Haemogregarine infections were detected at all sampled sites with over 50% of individuals parasitized. Overall, I. horvathi was more frequently and also more intensely parasitized than P. muralis, with higher infection rates observed in syntopy. Males of both species tended to be more frequently infected and showed a higher infection intensity than conspecific females. The results suggest that parasitisation by haemogregarines may be relevant in the dynamics of the competitive relationship between these lizard species. More studies, including immunological response analysis, and the identification of the vectors are needed to better understand host–parasite relationships and competition.
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MEDLEY, G. F. „The epidemiological consequences of optimisation of the individual host immune response“. Parasitology 125, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2002): S61—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002354.
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We present a simple unscaled, quantitative framework that addresses the optimum use of resources throughout a host's lifetime based on continuous exposure to parasites (rather than evolutionary, genetically explicit trade-offs). The principal assumptions are that a host's investment of resources in growth increases its survival and reproduction, and that increasing parasite burden reduces survival. The host reproductive value is maximised for a given combination of rates of parasite exposure, host resource acquisition and pathogenicity, which results in an optimum parasite burden (for the host). Generally, results indicate that the optimum resource allocation is to tolerate some parasite infection. The lower the resource acquisition, the lower the proportion of resources that should be devoted to immunity, i.e. the higher the optimum parasite burden. Increases in pathogenicity result in reduced optimum parasite burdens, whereas increases in exposure result in increasing optimum parasite burdens. Simultaneous variation in resource acquisition, pathogenicity and exposure within a community of hosts results in overdispersed parasite burdens, with the degree of heterogeneity decreasing as mean burden increases. The relationships between host condition and parasite burden are complicated, and could potentially confound data analysis. Finally, the value of this approach for explaining epidemiological patterns, immunological processes and the possibilities for further work are discussed.
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KOPRIVNIKAR, J., und H. S. RANDHAWA. „Benefits of fidelity: does host specialization impact nematode parasite life history and fecundity?“ Parasitology 140, Nr. 5 (24.01.2013): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012002132.
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SUMMARYThe range of hosts used by a parasite is influenced by macro-evolutionary processes (host switching, host–parasite co-evolution), as well as ‘encounter filters’ and ‘compatibility filters’ at the micro-evolutionary level driven by host/parasite ecology and physiology. Host specialization is hypothesized to result in trade-offs with aspects of parasite life history (e.g. reproductive output), but these have not been well studied. We used previously published data to create models examining general relationships among host specificity and important aspects of life history and reproduction for nematodes parasitizing animals. Our results indicate no general trade-off between host specificity and the average pre-patent period (time to first reproduction), female size, egg size, or fecundity of these nematodes. However, female size was positively related to egg size, fecundity, and pre-patent period. Host compatibility may thus not be the primary determinant of specificity in these parasitic nematodes if there are few apparent trade-offs with reproduction, but rather, the encounter opportunities for new host species at the micro-evolutionary level, and other processes at the macro-evolutionary level (i.e. phylogeny). Because host specificity is recognized as a key factor determining the spread of parasitic diseases understanding factors limiting host use are essential to predict future changes in parasite range and occurrence.
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Robinson, M., F. Wahid, J. M. Behnke und F. S. Gilbert. „Immunological relationships during primary infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematospiroides dubius): dose-dependent expulsion of adult worms“. Parasitology 98, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000059758.
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SummaryThe survival of Heligmosomoides polygyrus was monitored during primary infections in female C57Bl10, NIH and BALB/c mice at low and high intensities of infection. Survivorship curves were fitted for each data set and analysed. C57Bl10 mice, given either low or high intensities of infection, harboured parasites for 28–37 weeks, heavier infections surviving marginally but significantly longer. Essentially the survivorship curves of H. polygyrus in C57Bl10 mice could be accounted for by senility, the increased probability of worms with a longer life-span occurring at high infection intensities and, possibly, by a contribution from host-protective immune mechanisms in the terminal stages of infection. The pattern of survivorship was different in NIH and BALB/c mice. NIH mice showed weak but significant density-dependent suppression of parasite loss and infections in this strain did not exceed 27·5 weeks in duration. Primary infections in BALB/c mice were briefer still and showed marked dependence on parasite density. Thus low-level infections lasted 10–15 weeks whereas heavier infections survived for 21–34 weeks. The data suggested that both strains developed host-protective responses to adult H. polygyrus and that parasite survival was curtailed earlier than would be expected if senility alone was involved. The hybrid strains (C57Bl10 × NIH)F1 and (B10G × NIH)F1 both expelled H. polygyrus in a dose-dependent manner, worm loss commencing within 10 weeks of infection. In some experiments worm loss was clearly evident by weeks 4 and 6. These hybrid strains showed gene complementation in that adult worms were cleared considerably earlier than in parental strains.
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Lawrie, Charles Henderson. „The molecular basis of tick-host interactions“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a920ddd-c623-49a6-b971-cb6049b419e3.
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Ticks are obligate haematophagous arthropods that represent a major economic drain upon the world's livestock as well being a significant medical and veterinary risk through the transmission of tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The tick-host relationship is a function of both ecological and physiological factors. Successful feeding requires the effective acquisition and digestion of a bloodmeal by the tick. Acquisition relies upon the ability of the tick to counteract host immune responses induced by the extended feeding periods of ixodid ticks (up to 2 weeks). The host response to tick infestation and the consequent countermeasures employed by the tick, constitute the tick-host interface. The immune response of hosts to Ixodes ricinus infestations was examined through antigenic profiling. The antigens exposed to the host were shown to vary throughout the feeding period and differed between the different development stages of I. ricinus. It was also shown that different host species infested with I. ricinus recognised different antigens. This was true of both natural and non-natural hosts, and even closely related species. Anti-complement activity was investigated in the salivary glands of Ixodes ticks. This activity was shown to inhibit some host species but not others. The pattern of inhibitory activity varied between the tick species tested in a way that was consistent with known tick host-preferences. The mechanisms of anti-complement activity in I. ricinus salivary glands were explored. The alternative but not the classical pathway of complement was inhibited. Activity was present in unfed ticks and throughout the feeding period. Three targets of the complement system were identified as being modulated by the tick. Digestion of the bloodmeal was explored and a haemolytic activity was associated with the salivary glands of I. ricinus ticks. The activity was demonstrated to be Mg2+- dependent. In addition, a subtractive cDNA library enriched for saliva-associated transcripts was successfully produced. Random sampling identified putative differentially expressed genes. The results of this thesis illustrate the complexity of tick-host interactions at the molecular level. It is apparent that the research described poses many more questions than answers.
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Belosevic, Miodrag. „Biological and immunological aspects of the host-parasite relationship in infections of mice with Giardia muris“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72072.
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Biological and immunological aspects of the host-parasite relationship were examined in mice which are susceptible (A/J) and resistant (B10.A) to Giardia muris. B10.A exhibited a shorter latent period, lower cyst output during the acute phase of the infection and shorter period of cyst release compared to A/J. Characteristics of the infection transmitted from mouse-to-mouse and those induced by oral inoculation with cysts or trophozoites were similar. The infection was longer in male A/J and B10.A mice compared to females. Susceptibility and resistance during both the acute and elimination phases of the infection were under non-H-2-linked multigenic control. A/J and B10.A differed in non-specific serum IgG and IgA, but not in the specific IgG and IgA to G. muris. Specific antibodies participated in complement-mediated killing of trophozoites. Spleen, mesenteric lymph node and peritoneal cells from A/J and B10.A mice had a similar ability to kill trophozoites. The capacity of B10.A to mount inflammatory responses was greater than that of A/J. A/J were more immunosuppressed than B10.A during the infection, particularly at mucosal sites. Macrophage-like suppressor cells were shown to be the mediators of this suppression.
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Kroeze, Wesley Kars. „Studies on the immunobiology of infections with the metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75356.
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The relationships among parasite growth, responses to infection and host genetic factors were examined in rodents infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Mongolian gerbils, cotton rats and C57L/J mice were relatively susceptible to the infection, whereas five other inbred strains of mice, and hybrids and backcrosses between C57L/J and C57BL/6J mice were more resistant. In mice, susceptibility to E. multilocularis was controlled by multiple, non-H-2-linked genes, as were pathological, inflammatory and specific (antibody) responses to the infection. These responses were also affected by the degree of parasite growth in individual hosts. Antibodies, natural killer cells and hematological responsiveness were ruled out as contributing to resistance to E. multilocularis. Studies on peritoneal leukocytes from infected animals suggested that infections with E. multilocularis were controlled by cells in two phases: an acute phase involving neutrophils and mononuclear cells and a chronic phase involving eosinophils and mononuclear cells.
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Chang, Yunsheng. „Evaluation of immunological techniques for host fish identification, and cryopreservation of embryos for conserving rare freshwater mussels“. Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020208/.
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Barr, Kathryn J. „Aspects of the host-parasite relationships of Polymyxa betae“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334265.
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Bienek, Diane Rose. „The biological and immunological aspect of the host-parasite relationship of goldfish, Carassius auratus, infected with Trypanosoma danilewskyi“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60274.pdf.
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McCaigue, Mervyn David. „C57 mice and the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta : some immunological aspects of host-parasite interactions“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317128.
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Dale, Denver Dudley Stanton. „Parasites and host nutrition“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bc8aebc-fcfa-4301-8d04-4ebc89fb1c8a.
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Eastern, Pennsylvania Branch of the ASM Symposium on Host Defenses and Immunomodulation to Intracellular Pathogens (1986 Philadelphia Pa ). Host defenses and immunomodulation to intracellular pathogens. New York, N.Y: Plenum Press, 1988.
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Fadiel, Mahmoud Mahdy. Mast cells, eosinophils and ion transport in the small intestine from experimental animals infected with 'fasciola hepatica'. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.
Buchteile zum Thema "Host-parasite relationships Immunological aspects":
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Mitchell, Graham F. „Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Host–Parasite Relationships“. In Progress in Immunology, 798–808. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-174685-8.50080-9.
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SMITHERS, S. R., und R. J. TERRY. „SOME ASPECTS OF HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS IN EXPERIMENTAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS“. In Proceedings of the First International Congress of Parasitology, 712. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-011427-9.50075-5.
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Rosmarin, Caryn. „The Host-Parasite (Microbe) Relationship“. In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0011.
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No and yes. The skin, oropharynx, upper airways, gastrointestinal tract, and lower female genital tract are full of bacteria, with the highest concentration being in the colon and in dental plaque. Overall, humans are made up of slightly more bacterial cells than human cells; about 40 versus 30 trillion respectively. Although much less prominent, fungi and viruses are also present. In addition to these endogenous microbes, humans come into contact with numerous others on a daily basis—they are inhaled, ingested with food and drink, and picked up on the skin from the environment. Some of these remain in and on the human body for periods of time, while others slough off or die. In contrast to this, there are certain areas of the body where microbial agents are not expected to occur under normal circumstances. These are called sterile sites and include: major organs and their surrounding fluids and capsules; blood and body fluids other than faeces and saliva (yes, including urine!); bone, bone marrow, and joint fluid; subcutaneous tissue, fat, muscle, and tendons; the lower respiratory tract; and some of the genital tract. Microbes only enter these protected sterile sites through various breaches in physical and immunological defences. Again— no and yes. This is a question that has posed much debate over the centuries and seems to evolve as understanding of both humans and microbes expands. Early understanding of infectious diseases was based on the idea that the microbe was an aggressor and the host a passive victim. Currently there is a better understanding of the relationship between microbe and host, which is more of a dance than a war. In order to express an understanding of the relationships between host humans and microbes, a language is required that describes this confusing and complex interaction, especially considering that knowledge in this field is still evolving. The bacteria that reside in or on human bodies on a semi- permanent basis are called normal flora, or indigenous microbiome. Each person has a relatively unique set of fairly stable microbes likely determined by early experience, and continued exposures and diets.
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Marappa, Basavaraju, Gunashree B. Shivanna und Srinath B. Shivaramma Reddy. „Microbiome the Power House of Health and Disease“. In Effect of Microbiota on Health and Disease [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106026.
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The field of microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding research over the past few decades that have become a topic of great scientific and public interest. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites colonizing different body niches in a deep symbiotic relationship in the aspect of both health and diseases. Microbial populations vary across the body sites, driven by different environmental condition, immunological factors and interactions between microbial species. It is now well known that the microbiome interact with their host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, boosting immunity and protecting against pathogenic microbes, maintaining individuals’ health. A wide range of environmental factors can have an impact on gut microbiota imbalance, which has a strong link to health and disease. The microbial role in basic biological processes as well as the development and progression of major human diseases like infectious diseases, liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, mental or psychiatric diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. With recent advances in genome sequencing and ‘meta-omics’ tools, culture-independent analyses of microbiomes have been made possible, thus accelerating the progress of microbiome research by leaps and bounds.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Host-parasite relationships Immunological aspects":
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Vaage, Jan. Comparative Aspects of Host-Parasite and Host-Tumor Relationships. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224495.
