Zeitschriftenartikel: „Hospital interpreting“

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Goldacre, M., und L. Gill. „Interpreting hospital death rates“. BMJ 310, Nr. 6979 (04.03.1995): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6979.599.

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Moir, D. „Interpreting hospital death rates“. BMJ 310, Nr. 6988 (06.05.1995): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6988.1200a.

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3

Jencks, Stephen F. „Interpreting Hospital Mortality Data“. JAMA 260, Nr. 24 (23.12.1988): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410240081036.

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4

Kahn, Katherine L. „Interpreting Hospital Mortality Data“. JAMA 260, Nr. 24 (23.12.1988): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410240095038.

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5

Bischoff, Alexander, und Louis Loutan. „Interpreting in Swiss hospitals“. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 6, Nr. 2 (31.12.2004): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.6.2.04bis.

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This paper presents the findings of cross-sectional national surveys on how Swiss hospitals address the problem of language barriers in health care and how they respond to the high number of allophone patients (i.e. patients who do not speak the local language). Half of the 244 hospital services responding to the questionnaire estimated the proportion of allophone patients to the total number of patients at 1–5%. Only 14% ‘often’ use paid interpreters, 79% rely mostly on relatives, 75% primarily on health staff, and 43% ‘often’ on non-health staff. Only 11% of the hospital services studied have a budget for interpreters, and 17% have access to an interpreter service. Forty-eight percent express the need to have access to interpreter services. The communication management of hospitals dealing with patients speaking one of the most frequent foreign languages is described; these languages are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, South-Slavic, Albanian, Russian, Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic and Tamil. The discussion addresses quality of care issues for allophone patients, the risk of poor health care outcomes in the absence of interpreters and the potential benefits of using qualified interpreters.

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West, R. R. „Interpreting government statistics on acute hospital care.“ BMJ 295, Nr. 6597 (29.08.1987): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6597.509.

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Kahn, K. L. „Interpreting hospital mortality data. How can we proceed?“ JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, Nr. 24 (23.12.1988): 3625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.260.24.3625.

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Ryan, Jennifer, Samantha Abbato, Ristan Greer, Petra Vayne-Bossert und Phillip Good. „Rates and Predictors of Professional Interpreting Provision for Patients With Limited English Proficiency in the Emergency Department and Inpatient Ward“. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 54 (01.01.2017): 004695801773998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958017739981.

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The provision of professional interpreting services in the hospital setting decreases communication errors of clinical significance and improves clinical outcomes. A retrospective audit was conducted at a tertiary referral adult hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Of 20 563 admissions of patients presenting to the hospital emergency department (ED) and admitted to a ward during 2013-2014, 582 (2.8%) were identified as requiring interpreting services. In all, 19.8% of admissions were provided professional interpreting services in the ED, and 26.1% were provided on the ward. Patients were more likely to receive interpreting services in the ED if they were younger, spoke an Asian language, or used sign language. On the wards, using sign language was associated with 3 times odds of being provided an interpreter compared with other languages spoken. Characteristics of patients including their age and type of language spoken influence the clinician’s decision to engage a professional interpreter in both the ED and inpatient ward.

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Jencks, S. F. „Interpreting hospital mortality data. The role of clinical risk adjustment“. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 260, Nr. 24 (23.12.1988): 3611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.260.24.3611.

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10

Birnbaum, David. „Computers in Hospital Epidemiology Practice“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, Nr. 2 (Februar 1988): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645790.

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Beyond a potential role in infection surveillance, computers offer epidemiologists several important and unique potentials. Epidemiologists deal with complex interrelationships when interpreting or contributing information in the biomedical literature. Annals of Internal Medicine recently published a series dealing with the general problem of information management. The commentary that follows examines one area in which computers can be applied to our advantage-electronic exchange of information-and presents a practical example of using database searches.

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Davies, Emma C., Christopher F. Green, David R. Mottram und Munir Pirmohamed. „Interpreting adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports as hospital patient safety incidents“. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70, Nr. 1 (22.03.2010): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03671.x.

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Chang, DTS, IA Thyer, D. Hayne und DJ Katz. „Using mobile technology to overcome language barriers in medicine“. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, Nr. 6 (September 2014): e23-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13946184903685.

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Australia has a large migrant population with variable fluency in English. Interpreting services help ensure that healthcare services are delivered appropriately to these populations. However, the use of professional interpreters in hospitals is expensive. There are also issues with service availability and convenience. Mobile devices containing software with translating abilities have promising potential to improve communication between patients and hospital staff as an adjunct to professional interpreters. It is highly convenient and inexpensive. There are concerns about the accuracy of the interpretation done with such software and more research needs to be carried out to support or allay these concerns. For now, clinically important and medicolegal related interpretation should be undertaken by professional interpreters whereas less crucial tasks may be performed with the help of interpreting software on mobile devices.

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Cheng, Choon, Anthony Scott, Vijaya Sundararajan und Jongsay Yong. „On measuring the quality of hospitals“. Journal of Health Organization and Management 32, Nr. 7 (08.10.2018): 842–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-03-2018-0088.

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Purpose Researchers, policymakers and hospital managers often encounter numerous quality measures when assessing hospital quality. The purpose of this paper is to address the challenge of summarising, interpreting and comparing multiple quality measures across different quality dimensions by proposing a simple method of constructing a composite quality index. The method is applied to hospital administrative data to demonstrate its use in analysing hospital performance. Design/methodology/approach Logistic and fixed effects regression analyses are applied to secondary admitted patient data from all hospitals in the state of Victoria, Australia for the period 2000/2001–2011/2012. Findings The derived composite quality index was used to rank hospital performance and to assess changes in state-wide average hospital quality over time. Further regression analyses found private hospitals, day hospitals and non-acute hospitals were associated with higher composite quality, while small hospitals were associated with lower quality. Practical implications The method will enable policymakers and hospital managers to better monitor the performance of hospitals. It allows quality to be related to other attributes of hospitals such as size and volume, and enables policymakers and managers to focus on hospitals with relevant characteristics such that quantity and quality changes can be better understood, monitored and acted upon. Originality/value A simple method of constructing a composite quality is an indispensable practical tool in tracking the quality of hospitals when numerous measures are used to capture different aspects of quality. The derived composite quality can be used to summarise hospital performance and to identify factors associated with quality via regression analyses.

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Falster, Michael O., Alastair H. Leyland und Louisa R. Jorm. „Do hospitals influence geographic variation in admission for preventable hospitalisation? A data linkage study in New South Wales, Australia“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): e027639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027639.

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ObjectivePreventable hospitalisations are used internationally as a performance indicator for primary care, but the influence of other health system factors remains poorly understood. This study investigated between-hospital variation in rates of preventable hospitalisation.SettingLinked health survey and hospital admissions data for a cohort study of 266 826 people aged over 45 years in the state of New South Wales, Australia.MethodBetween-hospital variation in preventable hospitalisation was quantified using cross-classified multiple-membership multilevel Poisson models, adjusted for personal sociodemographic, health and area-level contextual characteristics. Variation was also explored for two conditions unlikely to be influenced by discretionary admission practice: emergency admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and hip fracture.ResultsWe found significant between-hospital variation in adjusted rates of preventable hospitalisation, with hospitals varying on average 26% from the state mean. Patients served more by community and multipurpose facilities (smaller facilities primarily in rural areas) had higher rates of preventable hospitalisation. Community hospitals had the greatest between-hospital variation, and included the facilities with the highest rates of preventable hospitalisation. There was comparatively little between-hospital variation in rates of admission for AMI and hip fracture.ConclusionsGeographic variation in preventable hospitalisation is determined in part by hospitals, reflecting different roles played by community and multipurpose facilities, compared with major and principal referral hospitals, within the community. Care should be taken when interpreting the indicator simply as a performance measure for primary care.

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Zhan, Cheng, und Lishan Zeng. „Chinese medical interpreters’ visibility through text ownership“. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 19, Nr. 1 (08.05.2017): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.19.1.05zha.

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The interpreter’s visibility in dialogue interpreting is a topic that has drawn extensive interest from researchers. Based on observation and recordings of 29 interpreted medical consultations at a hospital in Guangzhou, and replicating work on Spanish/English interpreting by Angelelli, this article analyzes Chinese medical interpreters’ achievement of visibility through text ownership. The dialogues, with interpreting between Chinese and English provided by four staff interpreters at the hospital, were transcribed and examined. Qualitative analysis of the transcriptions shows that the interpreters in some cases established partial or total ownership of the text and, as a result, became visible in the communication. According to how this visibility manifested itself, the medical interpreter’s text ownership can be seen as variously fulfilling four main functions: trying to expedite the drawing of conclusions; redirecting turns; expressing solidarity; and educating the patient. The research also shows that, while the purpose of a medical interpreter’s text ownership in medical encounters is to facilitate communication between the two parties to the dialogue, the visibility s/he gains by laying claim to part or all of a turn may actually prove counterproductive in this respect.

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Elisabeth de Korte, Carolina, Dirk F. de Korne, Jose P. Martinez Ciriano, J. Robert Rosenthal, Kees Sol, Niek S. Klazinga und Roland A. Bal. „Diabetic retinopathy care – an international quality comparison“. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 27, Nr. 4 (06.05.2014): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-11-2012-0106.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the quality indicator appropriateness and use it for international quality comparison on diabetic retinopathy (DR) patient care process in one American and one Dutch eye hospital. Design/methodology/approach – A 17-item DR quality indicator set was composed based on a literature review and systematically applied in two hospitals. Qualitative analysis entailed document study and 12 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with ophthalmologists, managers, and board members of the two hospitals. Findings – While the medical-clinical approach to DR treatment in both hospitals was similar, differences were found in quality of care perception and operationalization. Neither hospital systematically used outcome indicators for DR care. On the process level, the authors found larger differences. Similarities and differences were found in the structure of both hospitals. The hospitals’ particular contexts influenced the interpretation and use of quality indicators. Practical implications – Although quality indicators and quality comparison between hospitals are increasingly used in international settings, important local differences influence their application. Context should be taken into account. Since that context is locally bound and directly linked to hospital setting, caution should be used interpreting the results of quality comparison studies. Originality/value – International quality comparison is increasingly suggested as a useful way to improve healthcare. Little is known, however, about the appropriateness and use of quality indicators in local hospital care practices.

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Reichmann, Tinka. „Welche juristischen Inhalte für die Dolmetscherausbildung?“ Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, Nr. 2 (19.03.2020): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00158.rei.

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Abstract In this paper, I discuss choices concerning the legal content for interpreting students based on the syllabus of a lecture on Legal Interpreting in the Master of Arts in Conference Interpreting at the University of Leipzig. The topics were chosen on the basis of the professional experience of sworn interpreters in Germany. The aim is to prepare students for working in the different legal contexts (court, police, notary public, prison, psychiatric hospital, public administration etc.) in Germany by offering basic legal knowledge in those fields. Based on this syllabus, students are enabled to discuss the role of interpreters as seen by themselves and by professional associations in comparison to professionals in the legal field, and also ethical questions. It entitles them to act professionally and ethically in all these contexts.

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King-Ramirez, Carmen, und Glenn Martinez. „Nurses’ Perspectives on Language Standardization in Health Care“. Heritage Language Journal 15, Nr. 3 (31.12.2018): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.15.3.2.

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This article examines the ecology of language in an urban hospital in the U.S. Southwest. We seek to uncover how the incursion of the interpreting industry, and the ensuing language standardization that it has engendered, has affected the perception and use of Spanish among bilingual health care providers (HCPs), specifically nurses. Our findings show that the interpreting industry has not eliminated language exploitability (Alarcón & Heyman, 2013; Alarcón & Heyman, 2014) among bilingual HCPs but rather has made this exploitability more insidious. We argue that the interpreting industry has fomented a discourse of “risk” surrounding the use of Spanish in the hospital that affects bilingual HCPs’ perceptions of their own language skills by generating linguistic insecurities. We support our arguments by providing the results of a survey implemented to determine bilingual nurses’ use of certified medical interpreters (CMIs). These results are followed by excerpts from in-depth interviews conducted with bilingual nurses who participated in the aforementioned survey. Based on our findings, we determined that language the hospital’s language ecology classifies many bilingual nurses’ Spanish language skills as inadequate. We conclude by advocating for a more robust role for academic institutions in providing community education/trainings that recognize and advocate for the linguistic/cultural capital provided by bilingual HCPs.

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McCaig, Linda F., und Catharine W. Burt. „Understanding and Interpreting the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: Key Questions and Answers“. Annals of Emergency Medicine 60, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2012): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.010.

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Durkin, Michael J., Arthur W. Baker, Kristen V. Dicks, Sarah S. Lewis, Luke F. Chen, Deverick J. Anderson, Daniel J. Sexton und Rebekah W. Moehring. „A Comparison Between National Healthcare Safety Network Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting versus Traditional Surveillance for Clostridium difficile Infection“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, Nr. 2 (22.12.2014): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2014.42.

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OBJECTIVEHospitals in the National Healthcare Safety Network began reporting laboratory-identified (LabID) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) events in January 2013. Our study quantified the differences between the LabID and traditional surveillance methods.DESIGNCohort study.SETTINGA cohort of 29 community hospitals in the southeastern United States.METHODSA period of 6 months (January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2013) of prospectively collected data using both LabID and traditional surveillance definitions were analyzed. CDI events with mismatched surveillance categories between LabID and traditional definitions were identified and characterized further. Hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) rates for the entire cohort of hospitals were calculated using each method, then hospital-specific HO-CDI rates and standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Hospital rankings based on each CDI surveillance measure were compared.RESULTSA total of 1,252 incident LabID CDI events were identified during 708,551 patient-days; 286 (23%) mismatched CDI events were detected. The overall HO-CDI rate was 6.0 vs 4.4 per 10,000 patient-days for LabID and traditional surveillance, respectively (P<.001); of 29 hospitals, 25 (86%) detected a higher CDI rate using LabID compared with the traditional method. Hospital rank in the cohort differed greatly between surveillance measures. A rank change of at least 5 places occurred in 9 of 28 hospitals (32%) between LabID and traditional CDI surveillance methods, and for SIR.CONCLUSIONSLabID surveillance resulted in a higher hospital-onset CDI incidence rate than did traditional surveillance. Hospital-specific rankings varied based on the HO-CDI surveillance measure used. A clear understanding of differences in CDI surveillance measures is important when interpreting national and local CDI data.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–7

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Lessing, Elise E., und Robert P. Beech. „Use of Patient and Hospital Variables in Interpreting Patient Satisfaction Data for Performance Improvement Purposes.“ American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 74, Nr. 3 (2004): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.74.3.376.

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Samuels, Simonetti. „Interpreting Health Care Cost Containment Legislation: Good Samaritan Hospital v Shalala and Relative Institutional Competence“. Supreme Court Economic Review 4 (Januar 1995): 141–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scer.4.1147082.

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Dahir, Shukri, Cesia F. Cotache-Condor, Tessa Concepcion, Mubarak Mohamed, Dan Poenaru, Edna Adan Ismail, Andy J. M. Leather, Henry E. Rice und Emily R. Smith. „Interpreting the Lancet surgical indicators in Somaliland: a cross-sectional study“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2020): e042968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042968.

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BackgroundThe unmet burden of surgical care is high in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) proposed six indicators to guide the development of national plans for improving and monitoring access to essential surgical care. This study aimed to characterise the Somaliland surgical health system according to the LCoGS indicators and provide recommendations for next-step interventions.MethodsIn this cross-sectional nationwide study, the WHO’s Surgical Assessment Tool–Hospital Walkthrough and geographical mapping were used for data collection at 15 surgically capable hospitals. LCoGS indicators for preparedness was defined as access to timely surgery and specialist surgical workforce density (surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians/SAO), delivery was defined as surgical volume, and impact was defined as protection against impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure. Indicators were compared with the LCoGS goals and were stratified by region.ResultsThe healthcare system in Somaliland does not meet any of the six LCoGS targets for preparedness, delivery or impact. We estimate that only 19% of the population has timely access to essential surgery, less than the LCoGS goal of 80% coverage. The number of specialist SAO providers is 0.8 per 100 000, compared with an LCoGS goal of 20 SAO per 100 000. Surgical volume is 368 procedures per 100 000 people, while the LCoGS goal is 5000 procedures per 100 000. Protection against impoverishing expenditures was only 18% and against catastrophic expenditures 1%, both far below the LCoGS goal of 100% protection.ConclusionWe found several gaps in the surgical system in Somaliland using the LCoGS indicators and target goals. These metrics provide a broad view of current status and gaps in surgical care, and can be used as benchmarks of progress towards universal health coverage for the provision of safe, affordable, and timely surgical, obstetric and anaesthesia care in Somaliland.

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Barbara, Ramona-Rita, und Eryl A. Thomas. „Interpretation of chest radiographs“. InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, Nr. 3 (02.02.2018): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738017735864.

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It is vital that every junior doctor has a thorough knowledge of the fundamentals of interpreting chest radiographs. Frequently, hospital-based trainees in general practice need to make a decision regarding patient treatment on an unreported chest X-ray. This article covers the basic interpretation of chest radiographs and the most common pathologies encountered.

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Andersson, Egil. „THE HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE: HOMOGENEITY OF THE SUBSCALES“. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 21, Nr. 3 (01.01.1993): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1993.21.3.197.

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The H.A.D.-scale was originally used as a screening test for assessing the presence of clinically significant degrees of anxiety and depression. It has also been used as a measuring instrument outside hospital care. The main questions in this study are: l) Do the test items fit a sample of non-clinical persons? 2) Are the two subscales of Depression and Anxiety homogeneous? In total 163 persons answered the questionnaire. Two factor analyses are reviewed, a two factor solution and a four factor solution. The two factor solution did not split the items in the way originally intended. A four factor analysis with three interpreted factors gave a better solution. The analysis leads us to recommend great caution when interpreting the H.A.D.-scale, especially when used in a population outside of hospital care.

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Schulz, Thomas R., Karin Leder, Ismail Akinci und Beverley-Ann Biggs. „Improvements in patient care: videoconferencing to improve access to interpreters during clinical consultations for refugee and immigrant patients“. Australian Health Review 39, Nr. 4 (2015): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14124.

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Objective To demonstrate the suitability of accessing interpreters via videoconference for medical consultations and to assess doctor and patient perceptions of this compared with either on-site or telephone interpreting. Methods We assessed the suitability and acceptability of accessing interpreters via videoconference during out-patient clinical consultations in two situations: (i) when the doctor and patient were in a consulting room at a central hospital and the interpreter sat remotely; and (ii) when the doctor, patient and interpreter were each at separate sites (during a telehealth consultation). The main outcome measures were patient and doctor satisfaction, number of problems recorded and acceptability compared with other methods for accessing an interpreter. Results Ninety-eight per cent of patients were satisfied overall with the use of an interpreter by video. When comparing videoconference interpreting with telephone interpreting, 82% of patients thought having an interpreter via video was better or much better, 15% thought it was the same and 3% considered it worse. Compared with on-site interpreting, 16% found videoconferencing better or much better, 58% considered it the same and 24% considered it worse or much worse. Conclusions The present study has demonstrated that accessing an interpreter via videoconference is well accepted and preferred to telephone interpreting by both doctors and patients. What is known about the topic? Many immigrants and refugees settle in rural Australia. Access to professional on-site interpreters is difficult, particularly in rural Australia. What does this study add? Interpreters can be successfully accessed by videoconference. Patients and doctors prefer an interpreter accessed by videoconference rather than a telephone interpreter. What are the implications for practitioners? Doctors can utilise videoconferencing to access interpreters if this is available, confident that this is well accepted by patients and preferred to telephone interpreting.

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Matthews, Clair, Anna Klinken Whelan, Maree Johnson und Cathy Noble. „A piece of the puzzle — the role of ethnic health staff in hospitals“. Australian Health Review 32, Nr. 2 (2008): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080236.

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The role of ethnic health staff in hospitals has not been clearly articulated for managers and practitioners. This paper describes findings from a study based on ethnic and allied health staff interviews and observations of ethnic health staff interactions. Care was provided to language concordant patients directly and by assisting practitioners to work within the patient?s cultural paradigms and family schema. The scope of practice involved: engaging patients in a therapeutic relationship, patient assessment, linking assessment with care options, facilitating communication between patients and practitioners, education, smoothing hospital experiences, referral and interpreting. Ethnic health staff displayed a range of specialised skills that managers need to harness within multidisciplinary teams to reach patients from diverse backgrounds.

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Kea, Bory, Rochelle Fu, Robert A. Lowe und Benjamin C. Sun. „Interpreting the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: United States Emergency Department Opioid Prescribing, 2006-2010“. Academic Emergency Medicine 23, Nr. 2 (23.01.2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.12862.

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Winterstein, Almut G., Brian C. Sauer, Charles D. Hepler und Charles Poole. „Preventable Drug-Related Hospital Admissions“. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36, Nr. 7-8 (Juli 2002): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1a225.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of preventable drug-related hospital admissions (PDRAs) and to explore if selected study characteristics affect prevalence estimates. METHODS: Keyword search of MEDLINE (1966–December 1999), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 1999), and hand search. Two reviewers independently selected studies published in peer-reviewed journals and extracted crude prevalence estimates and study characteristics. Trials had to specifically address consequences of drug therapy requiring hospital admission and include a quantitative preventability assessment. Stratified analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the association between study characteristics and prevalence estimates. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifteen studies reported a median PDRA prevalence of 4.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 3.1–9.5%). The median preventability rate of drug-related admissions was 59% (IQR 50–73%). No evidence of publication bias related to study size could be determined. Because the individual study results were highly heterogeneous (Cochran's Q = 176, df = 14; p < 0.001), no meta-analytic summary estimate was computed. Stratified analysis suggested an association between prevalence estimates and 3 study characteristics: exclusion of first admissions (readmission studies: average PDRA prevalence of 14.0 %, estimated prevalence OR = 3.7); mean age of admissions >70 (OR = 2.1); and inclusion of “indirect” drug-related morbidity, such as omission errors or therapeutic failure (OR = 1.9). There was little evidence of other associations with prevalence estimates, such as selection of specific hospital units, exclusion/inclusion of planned admissions, country, and specified methods of PDRA case ascertainment. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related morbidity is a significant healthcare problem, and a great proportion is preventable. Study methods in prevalence reports vary and should be considered when interpreting findings or planning future research.

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Carter, John C., und Fred N. Silverman. „Using HCAHPS data to improve hospital care quality“. TQM Journal 28, Nr. 6 (10.10.2016): 974–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-09-2014-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to enable hospital administrators to increase reimbursement rates under value-based purchasing (VBP) by understanding the process by which the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) calculate and use performance scores from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey of patient experience; to apply statistical methods to determine what dimensions of patient care have the greatest impact on overall satisfaction scores and thus reimbursement. Design/methodology/approach The expository purpose was met by locating, analyzing and interpreting published CMS documentation related to VBP to explain the complex methods used to convert raw survey data to total patient satisfaction scores on seven dimensions. The raw data on 2,984 hospitals were cleaned and correlation and regression analysis used to measure the relationship between raw survey scores and overall patient satisfaction scores. Finally, Pareto analysis was used to show the relative influence of each dimension on satisfaction performance scores. Findings Nursing communications accounted for 75 percent of the variance in the patient satisfaction domain score in a stepwise regression. Research limitations/implications This research focusses only on the patient satisfaction component of VBP, over which hospital administrators have significant control. Future research could explore how hospital management can improve scores on clinical outcomes, process and efficiency. Practical implications Shows hospital management the most influential methods for improving their patient satisfaction scores and reimbursement under VBP. Originality/value Offers a managerially focussed explanation of how patient satisfaction scores are computed from raw survey data and how statistical analysis of the data can be used to improve quality.

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Binalrimal, Sultan, Sarah Alamry, Mona Alenezi, Nora Alfassam und Sara Almuammar. „Evaluation of Light-curing Intensity Output and Students’ Knowledge among Dental Schools in Riyadh City“. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, Nr. D (03.09.2020): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4850.

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AIM: The aim of this study is interpreting the dental student’s knowledge of light-curing units from different universities and colleges in Riyadh city and to evaluate the intensity of the light output of light-emitting diode (LED)-curing devices in dental school clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: One hundred eighty-two visible light-curing (VLC) units were randomly selected to have their light intensity output evaluated using Demetron® L.E.D. Radiometer – Kerr among dental school clinics in Riyadh city. The university hospitals we visited are King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Dar Al Uloom University Hospital, Alfarabi colleges’ dental clinics, and Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Hospital. To evaluate the knowledge of dental students about light intensity output, a questionnaire was given to the students. RESULTS: Out of the VLC units, 22 units (12%) measured inadequate intensity, 91 units (50%) measured marginal intensity, and 69 (37%) measured adequate intensity. The statistical significance was up to p < 0.05, p = 0. Most students and interns did not think that light-curing unit intensity influenced the tooth pulp (55.8%) and also reported not know the minimum wavelength of light cure intensity (62%). CONCLUSION: A significant difference was found between the light cure intensities in universities. As for the students’ knowledge, the research revealed poor insight toward basic concepts of VLC units and its maintenance.

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Dong, Jiqing, und Graham H. Turner. „The ergonomic impact of agencies in the dynamic system of interpreting provision“. Cognitive space: Exploring the situational interface 5, Nr. 1 (14.10.2016): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.5.1.06don.

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Interpreters are part of a complex system involving multiple human and technological agents, some of which are aggregated into the form of interpreting agencies. Interpreting is shaped by the ergonomics of the agency as well as by those of the courtroom, hospital or conference centre. The changing British economic climate and contractualism across the public services have brought the role of agencies to the fore. Drawing upon ethnographic data, the paper explicitly links the effect of agency management to practices on the ground and investigates the ergonomic barriers perceived by interpreters. We identify a set of organisational imperatives for recruitment, work allocation, professional ethics and collaborative working. As a key information interface, agencies do not always interact effectively with interpreters or consider their own ergonomic impact. We conclude that there is a need for more research on agencies as workplaces and employers of interpreters in the community.

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Chirumamilla, Varshita, Joseph M. Gerard, Alison E. Sweeney, Kristin P. Tully, Alison M. Stuebe und Emily S. Patterson. „Implications for the Physical Design of the Postnatal Care Unit from a Targeted Analysis of Issues With Accessing the Bathroom at Night in the Acute Setting: A Secondary Analysis“. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 10, Nr. 1 (Juni 2021): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857921101223.

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Assessing hospital environment conditions is necessary for healthcare providers and patients to coordinate safe care. The aims of this research included: a) identifying patterns in hospital visit feedback transcripts regarding bathroom doors and lights in the hospital room and b) interpreting the results to make recommendations for more enabling clinical environments. The methods used by the research team included organizing transcript data, assigning codes, and conducting an interrater reliability test to assess codebook efficacy. Finally, working with maternal and infant mortality experts, recommendations for the hospital were developed. We identified four possible interventions to address barriers: a) implement low-height, dimmable lighting along the base of the patient room, b) provide personal lights, such as penlights, to staff for nighttime assessments, c) install and improve on existing grab bars in patient room bathrooms and d) replace the standard patient room bathroom door with a different kind of auditory/visual privacy barrier.

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Kilian, Sanja, Leslie Swartz, Tessa Dowling, Mawande Dlali und Bonginkosi Chiliza. „The potential consequences of informal interpreting practices for assessment of patients in a South African psychiatric hospital“. Social Science & Medicine 106 (April 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.019.

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Williams, D. R. R., P. Anthony, R. J. Young und S. Tomlinson. „Interpreting Hospital Admissions Data Across the Kørner Divide: the Example of Diabetes in the North Western Region“. Diabetic Medicine 11, Nr. 2 (März 1994): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb02014.x.

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Kaushal, Kanica. „Interpreting incidence from hospital based data retrieval: A comment on incidence and determinants of stillbirth amongst parturients in two hospitals in southern Nigeria“. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences 3, Nr. 2 (2014): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-960x.140097.

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Ennis, Ronald D., Anish B. Parikh, Mark Sanderson, Mark Liu und Luis Isola. „Interpreting Oncology Care Model Data to Drive Value-Based Care: A Prostate Cancer Analysis“. Journal of Oncology Practice 15, Nr. 3 (März 2019): e238-e246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00336.

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PURPOSE: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) must be clinically relevant, accurate, and comprehensible to drive value-based care. METHODS: We studied OCM data detailing observed and expected expenses for 6-month-long episodes of care for patients with prostate cancer. We constructed seven disease state–treatment dyads into which we grouped each episode on the bases of diagnoses, procedures, and medications in OCM claims data. We used this clinical-administrative stratification model to facilitate a comparative cost analysis, and we evaluated emergency department and hospital utilization and drug therapy as potential drivers of cost. RESULTS: We examined 377 episodes of care, pertaining to 210 patients, that took place within our health system from January 2012 to June 2015. Ninety-six percent of episodes were assigned to clinically meaningful dyads. Excessive expenses were seen in metastatic, castration-resistant dyads containing second-line hormone therapy (ratio of observed to expected expenses [O/E], 2.66), chemotherapy (O/E, 2.09), and radium-223/sipuleucel-T (O/E, 3.01). An OCM update correcting for castration-resistant prostate cancer led to small differences in observed expenses (0% to +2%) but large changes in expected expenses (−17% to −27% for hormone-sensitive dyads and +136% to +141% for castration-resistant dyads). O/E increased up to 38% for hormone-sensitive dyads and decreased up to 58% for castration-resistant dyads. Emergency department and hospital utilization seems to drive cost for castration-resistant dyads but not for hormone-sensitive dyads. In the revised OCM model, overall O/E for all episodes improved by 22%, from 1.48 to 1.15. CONCLUSION: Our experience with OCM highlights the limitations of administrative claims data within this model and illustrates a method of translating these data into clinically meaningful information to improve value.

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Abdulrahim, Reem M., Ahmed B. Idris, Asad Ur-Rahman, Mohamed Abdellatif und Nigel Fuller. „Interpreting Neonatal Growth Parameters in Oman: Are we doing it right?“ Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 17, Nr. 4 (10.01.2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2017.17.04.006.

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Objectives: This study aimed to compare reference anthropometric measures of Omani neonates with the international standard growth charts of the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to determine the appropriateness of these growth charts to assess the growth of Omani neonates. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all healthy full-term Omani neonates born between November 2014 and November 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Birth weight, length and head circumference measurementswere identified and compared to those of the 2006 WHO growth charts. Results: A total of 2,766 full-term neonates were included in the study, of which 1,401 (50.7%) were male and 1,365 (49.3%) were female. Mean birth weightsfor Omani males and females were 3.16 ± 0.39 kg and 3.06 ± 0.38 kg, respectively; these were significantly lower than the WHO standard measurements (P <0.001). Similarly, the mean head circumferences of Omani males and females (33.8 ± 1.27 cm and 33.3 ± 1.26 cm, respectively) were significantly lower than those reported in the WHO growth charts (P <0.001). In contrast, mean lengths for Omani males and females (52.0 ± 2.62 cm and 51.4 ± 2.64 cm, respectively) were significantly higher than the WHO standard measurements (P <0.001). Conclusion: The WHO growth charts might not be appropriate for use with Omani neonates; possible alternatives should thereforebe considered, such as national growth charts based on local data.

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Shand, Sarah, und Joanne Callen. „Management Information Needs of Clinician Managers in a Metropolitan Teaching Hospital“. Health Information Management 31, Nr. 3 (September 2003): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830303100305.

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Clinician managers need relevant, current and integrated information to assist them in their managerial roles. This study examined the management information needs of clinician managers (doctors, nurses, data managers and a business manager) from a metropolitan teaching hospital. A purposive sample, of 15 clinician managers and five Information Unit staff who provide the clinicians with management reports, was interviewed by one researcher between July and September, 2001. The clinician managers indicated a preference for up-to-date, tabular or graphic management reports specific to their clinical specialty, and for education in interpreting the reports. The Information Unit staff members were willing to assist in these respects, and to present at Clinical Unit meetings to facilitate communication between the information providers and users. Clinician managers also required data for comparison with similar units within the area health service, or state-wide; they used the management reports mainly to assist with staffing and budgetary management. Continuous communication between providers and users of management information is essential to support the management function of clinicians.

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Joseph, Corey, Marie Garruba und Angela Melder. „Patient satisfaction of telephone or video interpreter services compared with in-person services: a systematic review“. Australian Health Review 42, Nr. 2 (2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16195.

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Objective This review was conducted to identify and synthesise the evidence around the use of telephone and video interpreter services compared with in-person services in healthcare. Methods A systematic search of articles published in the English language was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Joanna Briggs, Google Scholar and Google. Search terms included ‘interpreter’, ‘patient satisfaction’, ‘consumer satisfaction’ and ‘client satisfaction’. Any study that did not compare in-person interpreter services with either telephone or video interpreter services was excluded from analysis. Studies were screened for inclusion or exclusion by two reviewers, using criteria established a priori. Data were extracted via a custom form and synthesised. Results The database search yielded 196 studies, eight of which were included in the present review. The search using an Internet search engine did not identify any relevant studies. Of the studies included, five used telephone and three used video interpreter services. All studies, except one, compared levels of satisfaction regarding in-person interpretation and telephone or video interpretation. One study compared satisfaction of two versions of video interpretation. There is evidence of higher satisfaction with hospital-trained interpreters compared with ad hoc (friend or family) or telephone interpreters. There is no difference in satisfaction between in-person interpreting, telephone interpreting or interpretation provided by the treating bilingual physician. Video interpreting has the same satisfaction as in-person interpreting, regardless of whether the patient and the physician are in the same room. Higher levels of satisfaction were reported for trained telephone interpreters than for in-person interpreters or an external telephone interpreter service. Conclusions Current evidence does not suggest there is one particular mode of interpreting that is superior to all others. This review is limited in its translational capacity given that most studies were from the US and in a Spanish-speaking cohort. What is known about the topic? Access to interpreters has been shown to positively affect patients who are not proficient in speaking the local language of the health service. What does this paper add? This paper adds to the literature by providing a comprehensive summary of patient satisfaction when engaging several different types of language interpreting services used in healthcare. What are the implications for practitioners? This review provides clear information for health services on the use of language interpreter services and patient satisfaction. The current body of evidence does not indicate a superior interpreting method when patient satisfaction is concerned.

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Lai, Kim Piew, und Siong Choy Chong. „Do the servicescape of public and private hospitals differ? The Malaysian context“. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 11, Nr. 3 (13.09.2019): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-04-2018-0043.

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Purpose This study aims to explore if public and private hospitals have differing servicescape attributes. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a two-stage (EFA and CFA) procedure for identifying the servicescape attributes and examining their validity in the context of public and private hospitals. Findings The findings indicate that, in different contexts, patients would expect different aesthetics of servicescape attributes and how they are influenced by the hospital premises. Research limitations/implications It is interesting to note that: not all of the attributes that appear in both contexts are exactly the same; patients do not seem to face difficulties in analysing and interpreting directional cues, even though the spatial orientation in private hospitals is relatively smaller; the way patients of public hospitals draw inference about the ambient conditions is not consistent with private hospitals; and patients perceive that private hospitals pay special attention to developing a built environment that facilitates treatment and recovery process via interior layout, as well as decoration and architecture attributes. Practical implications The study grounds the servicescape attributes and provides insights to effectively promote public and private hospitals. Originality/value This study may be amongst the first to offer servicescape evidence in both the public and private hospitals.

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Beck Nielsen, Søren. „Medical record keeping as interactional accomplishment“. Pragmatics and Society 5, Nr. 2 (25.08.2014): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.5.2.03nie.

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Medical records are documents of tremendous social importance. They have been the subject of much medical and sociological research, in particular regarding validity, accessibility and readability. This paper uses Conversation Analysis to add an aspect to the understanding of medical records that has been missing so far, namely how medical records are produced as interactional accomplishments; specifically, how hospital staff members during meetings conversationally negotiate and reach conclusions, treatment recommendations, and other types of consequential decisions. The process involves four steps: assessing patients, interpreting implications, drawing conclusions, and dictating conclusions on tape. The key finding is that participants throughout the process orient towards a need for consensus, whilst at the same time acknowledging the doctors’ interactional leading roles. This insight can enhance our understanding of medical records in hospital settings as constructed and negotiated realities.

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Whyte, D., R. Monahan, L. Boyle, B. Slevin, R. FitzGerald, D. Barron, J. De Freitas und K. Kelleher. „The incidence of S. aureus bacteraemia in acute hospitals of the Mid-Western Area, Ireland, 2002-2004“. Eurosurveillance 10, Nr. 5 (01.05.2005): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.10.05.00538-en.

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Concerns about healthcare-associated infections and the global crisis in antimicrobial resistance has combined to accentuate the fears around so-called "superbugs". In Ireland there is no single agreed indicator regarded as a true measure of the level of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals. The objective of this study was to compare two crude measures of MRSA - the percentage of bacteraemia caused by MRSA and the incidence rate (per 1000 bed days used) of MRSA bacteraemia in six acute hospitals. We examined all blood cultures positive for S. aureus (methicillin sensitive and resistant) from 2002 to 2004 in the Health Service Executive (HSE) Mid-Western Area of Ireland. Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) data was used to determine monthly in-patient bed days used. Of 245 patient episodes of bacteraemia, 119 were MRSA. The trends in the percentage of isolates that were MRSA and the incidence rate calculated were compared. The incidence rate appears to be a more reliable and robust indicator of MRSA in hospitals than the percentage. Despite many difficulties in interpreting indicators of MRSA they should not preclude the regular publication of data at least at regional level in Ireland.

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Ganasegeran, Kurubaran, Alan Swee Hock Ch’ng, Mohd Fadzly Amar Jamil und Irene Looi. „Clinicians’ Perceived Understanding of Biostatistical Results in the Medical Literature: A Cross-Sectional Study“. Medicina 55, Nr. 6 (30.05.2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060227.

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Background and objectives: The continuum of evidence-based medicine (EBM) depends solely on clinicians’ commitment to keep current with the latest clinical information. Exploration on clinicians’ understanding of biostatistical results in the medical literature is sparse to date. This study aimed to evaluate clinicians’ perceived understanding of biostatistical results in the medical literature and the factors influencing them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 clinicians at the Seberang Jaya Hospital, a cluster-lead research hospital in Northern Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire that consisted of items on sociodemographics, validated items on clinicians’ confidence level in interpreting statistical concepts, perceived understanding of biostatistics, and familiarity with different statistical methods were used. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: Perceived understanding of biostatistical results among clinicians in our sample was nearly 75%. In the final regression model, perceived understanding was significantly higher among clinicians who were able to interpret p-values with complete confidence (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.1), clinicians who regularly encounter measures of central tendencies (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–5.2), and clinicians who regularly encounter inferential statistics (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.5) while appraising the medical literature. Conclusions: High perceived understanding was significantly associated with clinicians’ confidence in interpreting statistical concepts and familiarity with different statistical methods. Our findings form a platform to understand clinicians’ ability to appraise rigorous biostatistical results in the medical literature for the retrieval of evidence-based data to be used in routine clinical practice.

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May, Peter, Charles Normand und R. Sean Morrison. „Economics of Palliative Care for Cancer: Interpreting Current Evidence, Mapping Future Priorities for Research“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 9 (20.03.2020): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.02294.

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The National Cancer Institute estimates that $154 billion will be spent on care for people with cancer in 2019, distributed across the year after diagnosis (31%), the final year of life (31%), and continuing care between those two (38%). Projections of future costs estimate persistent growth in care expenditures. Early research studies on the economics of palliative care have reported a general pattern of cost savings during inpatient hospital admissions and the end-of-life phase. Recent research has demonstrated more complex dynamics, but expanding palliative care capacity to meet clinical guidelines and population health needs seems to save costs. Quantifying these cost savings requires additional research, because there is significant variance in estimates of the effects of treatment on costs, depending on the timing of intervention, the primary diagnosis, and the overall illness burden. Because ASCO guidelines state that palliative care should be provided concurrently with other treatment from the point of diagnosis onward for all metastatic cancer, new and ambitious research is required to evaluate the cost effects of palliative care across the entire disease trajectory. We propose a series of ways to reach the guideline goals.

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Nafei, Wageeh A. „The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification in the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Agility: A Study on Menoufia University Hospitals“. International Business Research 11, Nr. 1 (19.12.2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n1p184.

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The overall objective of the study is to identify the role of Organizational Identification (OI) as a mediating variable in interpreting the impact of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on Organizational Agility (OA). The research community is composed of all employees at Menoufia University hospitals (University Hospitals, National Liver Institute and Students Hospitals) in Egypt. Due to the time and cost constraints, the researcher adopted the sampling method to collect the necessary data for the study. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.The research discovered a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of (1) that there is a positive effect between QWL and OI, (2) the existence of a positive impact between the dimensions of QWL and OA, (3) there is a positive effect between the dimensions of OI OA, (4) there is a positive effect of OI as a mediating variable in explaining the effect of QWL on OA at Menoufia University hospitals; that is, OI plays the mediating role in the relationship between QWL and OA. There is an impact on QWL on OA through OI at Menoufia University Hospitals.The study referred to a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: (1) re-studying and structuring of the system of wages in the hospital in a way that allows them to get the appropriate returns for their efforts, (2) providing a safe and healthy working environment at the University hospital, (3) improving QWL in terms of providing promotional opportunities, objectively, in accordance with specific standards and controls, (4) activating the training programs so that they are not limited to specific categories, (5) involving the employees in the decision making process, in view of the nature and sensitivity of the hospital work, which relates to the lives of citizens and requires a large amount of freedom to make decisions.

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Hilder, Jo, Ben Gray und Maria Stubbe. „Integrating Health Navigation and Interpreting Services for Patients with Limited English Proficiency“. Pacific Health Dialog 21, Nr. 3 (28.03.2019): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2019.602.

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Introduction Pacific people and other communities with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (CALD) face barriers to receiving good healthcare. Community health workers and health navigator roles have developed in recent years internationally and in New Zealand to address these barriers. Interpreters are also increasingly used to address language barriers. The interface between navigator and interpreter roles is explored in this study through the experiences and views of Pacific health navigators. Methods Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with managers and staff of two health organisations catering for Pacific people: a community-based Pacific Navigation Service and a hospital based Pacific Health Unit. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using a framework approach. Findings Participants identified a wide range of barriers to healthcare, and the various skills required in a navigator team. Navigators also perform a wide range of roles, something that can lead to difficulties in managing role boundaries. Overcoming language barriers is a major part of the navigator role, but their approach differs from that of professional interpreters. The concept of an explicitly combined navigator/interpreter role was supported, acknowledging the need for specific training in interpreting for navigators. Conclusion Pacific people working in health navigation roles (or similar) support in principle the idea of a combined health navigator/interpreter role, based on providing interpreter training to health navigators. Perceived benefits include greater role clarity if interpreting is an official part of the role, and greater continuity of care with a single person in both roles. A combined health navigator/interpreter role would be likely to lead to better health outcomes for Pacific people, and other cultural groups.

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Jimah, Bashiru Babatunde, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Benjamin Dabo Sarkodie und Dorothea Anim. „Competency in Chest Radiography Interpretation by Junior Doctors and Final Year Medical Students at a Teaching Hospital“. Radiology Research and Practice 2020 (06.11.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861206.

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Background. Chest radiography (CXR) is a widely used imaging technique for assessing various chest conditions; however, little is known on the medical doctors’ and medical students’ level of skills to interpret the CXRs. This study assessed the residents, medical officers, house officers, and final year medical students’ competency in CXRs interpretation and how the patient’s clinical history influences the interpretation. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital in the Central Region of Ghana among 99 nonradiologists, comprising 10 doctors in residency programmes, 18 medical officers, 33 house officers, and 38 final year medical students. The data collection was done with a semistructured questionnaire in two phases. In phase 1, ten CXRs were presented without patient’s clinical history. Phase 2 involved the same ten CXRs presented in the same order alongside the patient’s clinical history. Participants were given 3 minutes to interpret each image. Median and interquartile ranges were used to describe continuous variables, while frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Test of significant difference and association was conducted using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test/Kruskal–Wallis test and chi-square (X2) test, respectively. Results. The average score for interpreting CXRs was 7.0 (IQR = 5–8) and 4.0 (IQR = 3-4), when CXRs were, respectively, presented with and without clinical history. No significant difference was seen in average scores regarding the levels of formal training. Without clinical history, only 40.0% of residents, 22.2% of medical officers, 24.2% of house officers, and 13.2% of medical students correctly interpreted CXRs, while more than 75% each of all categories correctly interpreted CXRs when presented with clinical history. However, all participants had difficulties in identifying CXR with pneumothorax (27.3% vs. 30.3%), pneumomediastinum or left rib fracture (8.1% vs. 33.3%), and lung collapse (37.4% vs. 37.4%) in both situations, with and without patient clinical history. Conclusion. The patient’s clinical history was found to greatly influence doctors’ competence in interpreting CXRs. We found a gap in doctors’ and medical students’ ability to interpret CXRs; hence, the development of this skill should be improved at all levels of medical training.

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Stupp, Paul W., Beth A. Macke, Richard Monteith und Sandra Paredez. „Ethnicity and the use of health services in Belize“. Journal of Biosocial Science 26, Nr. 2 (April 1994): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021209.

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SummaryData from the 1991 Belize Family Health Survey show differentials in the use of maternal and child health services between ethnic groups (Creole, Mestizo, Maya/Ketchi and Garifuna). Multivariate analysis is used to explore whether such differentials can truly be attributed to ethnicity or to other characteristics that distinguish the ethnic groups. Health services considered are: family planning, place of delivery (hospital/other), postpartum and newborn check-ups after a birth, and immunisations for children. The language usually spoken in the household is found to be important for interpreting ethnic differentials. Mayan-speaking Maya/Ketchis are significantly less likely to use family planning services or to give birth in a hospital. Spanish-speakers (Mestizos and Maya/Ketchis) are less likely to use newborn and postpartum check-ups, after controlling for other characteristics. There are no ethnic differentials for immunisations. Programmatic implications of these results are discussed.

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Alsenani, Mohammad, Faisal A Alaklobi, Jane Ford, Arul Earnest, Waleed Hashem, Sharfuddin Chowdhury, Ahmed Alenezi, Mark Fitzgerald und Peter Cameron. „Comparison of trauma management between two major trauma services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Melbourne, Australia“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): e045902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045902.

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IntroductionThe burden of injury in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has increased in recent years, but the country has lacked a consistent methodology for collecting injury data. A trauma registry has been established at a large public hospital in Riyadh from which these data are now available.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide an overview of trauma epidemiology by reviewing the first calendar year of data collection for the registry. Risk-adjusted analyses were performed to benchmark outcomes with a large Australian major trauma service in Melbourne. The findings are the first to report the trauma profile from a centre in the KSA and compare outcomes with an international level I trauma centre.MethodsThis was an observational study using records with injury dates in 2018 from the registries at both hospitals. Demographics, processes and outcomes were extracted, as were baseline characteristics. Risk-adjusted endpoints were inpatient mortality and length of stay. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the association between site and inpatient mortality.ResultsA total of 2436 and 4069 records were registered on the Riyadh and Melbourne databases, respectively. There were proportionally more men in the Saudi cohort than the Australian cohort (86% to 69%). The Saudi cohort was younger, the median age being 36 years compared with 50 years, with 51% of injuries caused by road traffic incidents. The risk-adjusted length of stay was 4.4 days less at the Melbourne hospital (95% CI 3.95 days to 4.86 days, p<0.001). The odds of in-hospital death were also less (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.43, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis is the first hospital-based study of trauma in the kingdom that benchmarks with an individual international centre. There are limitations to interpreting the comparisons, however the findings have established a baseline for measuring continuous improvement in outcomes for KSA trauma services.

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