Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Horticulture – Palau“

Elaeocarpus yoga Merr. (Tiliaceae) is an attractive tree indigenous to the Mariana Islands and Palau. Recently its population has declined due to deforestation, typhoon damage, and pest problems. Stem cuttings of E. yoga were taken from hardwood, semihardwood, or softwood and treated with acid or salt forms of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at several concentrations. The cuttings were treated with on of the following: acid form at 0.5 mL·L-1 IBA + 0.25 mL·L-1 NAA; 1 mL·L-1 IBA + 0.5 mL·L-1 NAA, 2 mL·L-1 IBA + 1 mL·L-1 NAA; salt form at 1, 3, and 8 g·kg-1 IBA/. Rooting after 8 weeks was compared among treatments. The salt form of the IBA treatment at 3 g·kg-1 produced the greatest rooting percentage, root number and length. The acid form containing both IBA and NAA produced the smallest average rooting percentage.

Twelve cvs. of Papaya were evaluated for yield and tolerance to drought, high soil pH and disease incidence under a non-pesticide low-input system. Superior yields were obtained from Barbados Solo (BDX 584-1) - 67.1 Kg/tree (tr) and 987 g/fruit (fr), Guanica (GU 2-1) - 60.7 Kg/tr and 888 g/fr, PR 6-65 × Cariflora (CF) - 46.6 Kg/tr and 700 g/fr, and CF - 48.5 Kg/tr and 607 g/fr. Most cvs. survived 19 months with peak yields at 15 months. Pencil top was major disease and only the Palau cv. exhibited St. Croix decline symptoms. Vigorous cvs. included GU 2-1, CF, PR 6-65 × CF and Criolla (CR) several plants of which are fruiting 26 months after planting. Chlorophyll data indicated that CF and CR cvs. had best tolerance to high pH conditions. Cvs. with large pulp size included GU 2-1 (3.7 cm) and SRS × CF (4.2). Brix analyses indicated sweetest fruits were from CF (14.2), SRS × CF (13.4), GU 2-1 (13.7) and PR 6-65 × CF (12.9).

Taro leaf blight (TLB), caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae, is a worldwide disease that threatens the sustainable cultivation of the tropical root crop taro (Colocasia esculenta). To evaluate taro germplasm from Asia, Hawai‘i, and several South Pacific Islands for resistance to TLB, 119 cultivars were planted along the Hamakua Coast of Hawai‘i (mean annual rainfall of 130 inches) in plots containing five or 10 plants that were replicated over time from 1993 through 2005. Fresh and dry weights of corms were measured after about nine months, with rotten portions removed and weighed. When epidemics of TLB occurred (in nine out of 12 years), visual estimates of disease severity on leaves were assessed using a modified Horsfall–Barratt scale. The correlations between mean dry weight yields for each cultivar and mean severity of TLB, and, respectively, between mean yields and mean severity of corm rots were calculated. As severity of TLB or severity of corm rots increased (suggesting increased susceptibility of particular cultivars to TLB or corm rots), mean dry weight yields decreased significantly (r2 = 0.37 and 0.22, respectively). “Multiple comparisons with the best” (MCB) were conducted on fresh and dry weight yields, severity of TLB, severity of corm rots, percentage dry matter of corm, and consumer acceptance. Five cultivars were found to be “among the best” with: 1) fresh or dry weight yields that did not differ from the highest level; 2) severity ratings for TLB that were significantly lower than the highest level, suggesting TLB resistance; and 3) percentage of corm rots that were lower than the highest level, suggesting disease resistance. These cultivars, four of which originated from Palau, were Dirratengadik, Merii, Ngesuas, Ochelochel, and Sawa Bastora. Two commercial cultivars from Hawai‘i, Bun Long and Maui Lehua, had fresh and dry weight yields that were significantly lower than the maximum and severity of TLB injury that did not differ from the highest level, indicating that conventional breeding of taro to improve TLB resistance could improve yields of commercial taro cultivars, particularly in areas where epidemics of TLB occur.

The present experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, U.P., India during the year 2019-21. The field experiment was laid out in simple randomized block design comprising of eight treatments combinations with three replication son quality and yield parameters of palak. The experiment finding reveals that all the quality parameters of spinach i.e. chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, leaf moisture and dry weight were significantly improved by FYM (M3) and application and third time cuttings (C3). Maximum green leaf yield/ha was reported under this treatment has significantly affect treatment (M3) FYM manure applied and three-time cuttings. The maximum chlorophyll content was recorded under the treatment (M3) Azotobacter and first cuttings (M3). The maximum ascorbic acid content was noticed under the treatment(M3) with first time cuttings (C3).

An investigation was carried out at the Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block, College of Horticulture, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar Pauri (UK) during September, 2021 to evaluate diverse germplasm of spinach beet under temperate conditions of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. In this study, fifteen genotypes including one check cultivar Pusa Harit were evaluated for different horticultural traits. Eight genotypes viz., Genotype-4, Arka Anupama, All Green, Palak Haryali, Genotype-1, Genotype-10, Genotype-2 and Genotype-7 performed better yield attributing traits and recorded higher than check cultivar. These genotypes need further testing to be released as a substitute of already existing spinach beet varieties or they can be involved in further breeding program for development of superior varieties in spinach beet. Genetic analysis indicated that phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) in all the attributes studied. The phenotypic coefficients of variance (PCV) and the genotypic coefficients of variance (GCV) were found high in total leaves weight per plot, the least was found in dry matter content. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic gain were found highest for the character average leaves weight per plant and lowest for dry matter content, indicated that these traits are under additive gene effects and are more reliable for effective selection.

The present investigation entitled “Effect of different growing media on growth, yield and quality of microgreens under greenhouse condition”was carried out at Hi-tech Horticultural Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2023. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with two factors. The treatments consisted of three levels of growing media i.e., Soil + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V), Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V) and Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V) with five levels of crops i.e., Fenugreek, Onion, Palak, Beet root and Red cabbage. The results on interaction effect of growing media and crops indicated that the treatmentcombination of G3C5 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum germination (89.33 %), number of cells harvested per plug tray (47.67), percentage of cells harvested per plug tray (88.27 %), antioxidant activity (52.10 %), carotenoids content (12.46 mg/100 g)and minimum mortality (1.19 %).However, G2C2 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1V/V)} + Onion] recorded maximum length of microgreens (9.17 cm), G2C1 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Fenugreek]recorded maximum root length (4.84cm), G2C5 [{Cocopeat +Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum number of roots (5.07) and G3C4 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Beet root] recorded maximum yield per plug tray (19.93 g). Whereas, maximum chlorophyll content (1.21 mg/g) was noted in G3C3 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Palak].

An experiment was conducted to identify promising varieties of onion suited for cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Ten varieties were evaluated at Research Farm of the Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, for two consecutive seasons (2010- 2011 and 2011-2012). The farm is located at an altitude of 620m above mean sea level, with average mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 31.3°C and 12.4°C, respectively, and is a representative site of the low hill region of Himachal Pradesh. Standard package of practices was followed for raising the crop as recommended by the University. Observations were recorded on various horticultural traits, viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to harvest, neck thickness, bulb diameter, bulb weight, TSS, and total yield. In addition, all the varieties were screened for resistance against purple blotch disease. Maximum days to harvest (129.33 days) were seen in the variety Holland Louis, while, variety Agrifound Rose showed minimum number of days (109). Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red, N-53 and Agrifound Dark Red recorded significantly higher bulb yield (275.00, 240.67, 239.25 and 232.37 q/ha, respectively) than the other varieties evaluated. None of the varieties was able to resist the disease totally; however, 'Agrifound Dark Red' was moderately resistant, exhibiting just 13.78% disease incidence. Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red and Agrifound Dark Red had medium bulb size and higher yield. These can be advocated for commercial cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.

An investigation on the effect of TurfVigor (microbial fertilizer) and Agriplex (chelated liquid nutrient) along with fertilizer levels on palak, yield, and quality of palak was conducted at the Horticultural Research Station University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in 2018. This research aims to determine the minimum consumption of nutrients in palak through the soil using a solution of low-consumption elements. Foliar application of TurfVigor at (1%) has increased the leaf area per plant of palak (358.89 Sq.m), and TurfVigor (2%) has increased the total chlorophyll content (0.94mg/g), total dry weight per plant (0.32g) and yield per plot (3.48kg) in the third harvest. The number of leaves per plant and leaf area index were significantly higher (5.98 and 1.39) in the 75 percent recommended dose of fertilizer application. The better performance of these fertilizers could be attributed to producing a maximum number of leaves, dry weight, and total chlorophyll content with a 100 percent fertilizer dose, a spray of 2 percent TurfVigor, and 0.65 percent Agriplex.

An experiment was conducted in 2013 to study the performance of different varieties of garden pea under Akola condition at Department of Horticulture Dr.Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. Eight varieties were evaluated on black soil in replicated randomized block design and Results were found significant for all characters among these varieties. All varieties exhibited considerable variation in their performance for most of the parameters. Better growth and yield parameters in terms of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, days to first flowering, number of green pod/plant, green pod weight, green pod length, pod yield/plant, green pod yield per plot and green pod yield per ha were noticed in all varieties. Maximum plant height was observed in Jawahar Matar-2 (72.26 cm) and minimum was in Palam Priya (28.46 cm). In case of number of pods plant-1 was maximum in PB-89 (16.43) followed by Palam Triloki (13.9) and minimum in Jawahar Matar-2 (9.83). Similarly for pod characters, average pod weight, maximum pod weight was recorded in PB-89 (6.12 g) and minimum was recorded in Arka Kartik (3.27g). Green pod yield/plant was highest in PB-89 (87.93 g), Palam Triloki (75.45 g) and Ankur (68.42 g). Whereas, maximum green pod/yield. was recorded in PB-89 (93.12q/ha) followed by Palam Triloki (76.97q/ha). Among all these varieties highest protein and Total Soluble Solid contents was recorded in Palam Triloki variety (23.06% and 17.67% respectively). PB-89, Palam Triloki and Ankur had the highest yields over the others, hence, they are recommended to farmers in semi-arid condition of Vidharba region for cultivation.

The agro-ecological conditions of the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh with the modest temperatures, high rainfall, and rich soil organic carbon provide immense opportunity for the farming of non-traditional high-value crops like broccoli. By considering the favorable climatic conditions available in the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh, an experiment on evaluation of different broccoli varieties was taken up to introduce the high-value broccoli crop as well as to suggest a suitable variety for doubling the farmer's income of tribal zone. The present experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Chintapalle during 2017- 18 to 2019-20 with nine genotypes in Randomized Block Design in three replications to assess the performance of growth and yield parameters of broccoli genotypes. Among the different genotypes, Palam Vichitra recorded more plant height (63.94 cm) followed by Palam Kanchan (63.29 cm). The leaf length was found to be maximum in Palam Kanchan (51.09 cm) whereas the maximum leaf width was recorded in F1 Festival (16.48 cm). The maximum head diameter was observed in Pusa Samridhi (18.11 cm). The maximum head weight per plant (422.68 g) and yield per hectare (191.72 q) was recorded in the var. Saki. So, Saki variety can be recommended for cultivation at high altitudes and tribal areas of the Eastern Ghat region of Andhra Pradesh to double the tribal farmer’s income.

Parmi les nombreux problèmes identifiés localement par les habitants et habitantes de l’archipel de Palau en Micronésie, les mauvaises pratiques alimentaires, qui entraînent et incarnent aussi bien des taux records de maladies chroniques (diabète, obésité, hypertension) qu’une « perte de culture » ou un sentiment « d’insécurité alimentaire », sont des enjeux reconnus comme fondamentaux. Un tel contexte favorise la prolifération de modèles et conceptions de ce qu’est une « bonne vie » dans l’archipel de Palau. Plus encore que les aliments qui en sont issus, les tarodières, lieux de production du taro (Colocasia esculenta, Cyrtosperma merkusii), sont présentées localement comme apportant un ensemble de réponses (sanitaires, culturelles, environnementales, économiques) et de fondements à de telles problématiques et représentations. A travers une description des processus de qualification des taros, qui commencent dans les tarodières, se prolongent dans les cuisines puis dans les corps humains en passant par les circuits de distribution locaux, nous souhaitons mettre en avant les manières dont les pratiques alimentaires participent à structurer des formes de vie, faisant appel à de multiples conceptions du « bien manger », qui se complètent, s'opposent ou s'articulent. La thèse pose alors la question de la continuité des pratiques techniques horticoles avec les processus d'incorporation, en passant par les activités culinaires, à travers une approche centrée sur les qualités, aussi bien des corps que des environnements ou des aliments. Cette thèse cherche donc à explorer comment les processus de production de « bons aliments » sont aussi des processus de structuration de « vies bonnes ». Il s’agit de proposer une réflexion sur la manière dont les pratiques techniques, agissant sur la matière et possédant un but de transformation physique des choses, sont aussi des façons d’orienter des formes de vie. Ce travail s’inspire ainsi de recherches récentes en anthropologie des techniques, qui mettent l’accent sur la nature ontogénétique des phénomènes techniques, à savoir le fait qu’en plus de produire des objets, ces derniers produisent aussi des personnes, acteurs et relations particulières (Sautchuk 2019, Coupaye 2013, 2018). A plusieurs égards, ce travail s’inscrit également dans une anthropologie de la vie, qui s’intéresse à la manière dont s’articulent des formes vivantes avec des formes de vie (Pitrou 2017)
Among the many issues that the inhabitants of the Palau archipelago in Micronesia identify as urgent, food and foodways are central. They are locally seen as causing record-high rates of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, as well as being characterized as responsible for a “loss of culture” or feelings of food insecurity. Such a context favors the emergence of many ideas regarding what is a “good life” in Palau. Even more than the tubers produced inside of them, Palau’s taro patches, places where the local staple food (Colocasia esculenta, Cyrtosperma merkusii) is grown, are framed as key sites in order to ground practices of “the good life” and as carrying many answers to the pressing issues regarding cultural and social transitions, climate change, economical and especially medical problems.Through the description of taro’s qualification processes, starting in the taro patch and continuing into kitchens, markets and mouths, we wish to shed light on the many ways that food related practices are thought to structure local forms of life, informed by multiple and sometimes conflicting ideas regarding what “eating well” means locally. This dissertation then asks how horticultural technical practices can be regarded as part of a contiguous sequence including cooking practices as well as food incorporation, by focusing on qualities located in bodies as well as foods or environments. This dissertation wishes then to explore how the production processes leading to “good food” are also producing “good lives”. We wish to introduce thoughts about how concrete and material technical acts can also be ways to shape and structure forms of life. This work is influenced by recent developments in the anthropology of technique, notably works that insist on the ontogenetical nature of technical phenomenon, meaning that as much as a technical action produces and transform matter, it also produces people, personhood and relations (Sautchuk 2019, Coupaye 2013, 2018). In many ways this dissertation is part of a recent anthropology of life who is interested in the articulation of lifeforms and forms of life (Pitrou 2017)

Agroforestry has the double benefit of making grain and wood from bushes alongside crop advent from a solitary actual property parcel. It is beneficial to broaden teak, crease, sesame, and eucalyptus for wood, lumber for apparatuses, crease, bamboo and teak, bamboo for paper and mash, and karanj for biofuel. Manure bushes are for land recovery, soil wellbeing, and food security; herbal product bushes for sustenance and pay; feed bushes that in addition broaden smallholder domesticated animals’ advent; lumber and gasoline wooden bushes for secure residence and energy; healing bushes to war infection, especially in which there’s no drug store; and bushes that produce gums, tars, or plastic items. Ranchers having substantial land maintenance commonly take in this path of motion of tree planting. Significant tree species for block planting are poplar, eucalyptus, and deck. This vegetable offers a top-notch wellspring of high-protein dairy farm animal grain. The range is separated from the leaves, blossoms, bark, seeds, and so on from palas blossoms to orange, from one purple to any other, from one blue to any other, and so forth getting colors. If you are taking a gander on the historic backdrop of horticultural ranger carrier in India, we are those with the maximum profile of rehearsing rural ranger carrier. This assists with saving the dampness withinside the dust for pretty a while. So, we ought to make use of strategies like ranger carrier, and natural product cultivation. Raising animals at the homestead, cows, bison, goats, and hens bring fulfilment to the ranch. The agroforestry framework has the selection to study munching with the aid of using the reception of feed tree species with suitable grasses. Safeguarding systems and streets from floating snow, funding price range in domesticated animals’ advent with the aid of using lessening wind chills, safeguarding crops, giving untamed existence territory, disposing of climatic carbon dioxide and handing over oxygen, lowering breeze pace, and as a consequence proscribing breeze disintegration and particulate depend withinside the air, diminishing commotion contamination, and moderating heady fragrance from focused domesticated animals’ activities.