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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Horizontal traffic signs“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Horizontal traffic signs"
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Lengyel, Henrietta, und Zsolt Szalay. „Horizontal traffic signs anomalies and their classification“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 448 (30.11.2018): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/448/1/012046.
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Talasek, Jiri, und Zaneta Micechova. „Analysis of the influence of longitudinal inclines on horizontal road traffic signs“. Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 13, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2018-0023.
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Abstract This article examines the effect of the values of the longitudinal inclines of the road in relation to the location of horizontal road traffic signs. In a simple analysis, baseline scenarios were evaluated to demonstrate results that can be helpful in assessing the design of horizontal road traffic signs. As this is a broad topic, only the recommendations resulting from the test values are listed at the end of the text. The implementation of horizontal traffic signs in the right section of the road can be an important factor in improving road transport safety.
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Vasiliauskas, Ignas, und Audrius Vaitkus. „STUDY OF ROAD AND STREET HORIZONTAL MARKING REFLECTIVITY“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (01.10.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.13069.
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The article describes the change in the reflection of the horizontal sign examined in the scientific work taking into account the factors of road maintenance and traffic intensity. Methods applied in accordance with the standards in force in the European Union. In order to carry out the study in a smooth way, the scientific work analyzes the horizontal amount of road marking materials, types of markings, the change of reflection in the main traffic conditions. The current legal regulation of Lithuania and other European countries, the USA is also reviewed. “The research work also develops the topic of the effectiveness of the methodology of maintenance and renewal of horizontal road markings abroad and in the Republic of Lithuania.” Recommendations are provided on how to improve the quality of horizontal road marking maintenance. Analyzes of national legislation on horizontal vehicle signs, recommendations on how to improve them to ensure the quality of the production of larger horizontal signs, or the best traffic conditions for all road users. Evaluating the reflectivity of selected streets in dry and wet conditions, making suggestions on how to improve the horizontal reflections of road markings and, at the same time, traffic safety.
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Lengyel, Henrietta, und Zsolt Szalay. „Classification of traffic signal system anomalies for environment tests of autonomous vehicles“. Production Engineering Archives 19, Nr. 19 (01.06.2018): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2018.19.09.
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Abstract In the future there will be a lot of changes and development concerning autonomous transport that will affect all participants of transport. There are still difficulties in organizing transport, but with the introduction of autonomous vehicles more challenges can be expected. Recognizing and tracking horizontal and vertical signs can cause a difficulties for drivers and, later, for autonomous systems. Environmental conditions, deformity and quality affect the perception of signals. The correct recognition results in safe travelling for everyone on the roads. Traffic signs are designed for people that is why the recognition process is harder for the machines. However, nowadays some developers try to create a traffic sign that autonomous vehicles can use. Computer identification needs further development, as it is necessary to consider cases where traffic signs are deformed or not properly placed. In the following investigation, the advantages and disadvantages of the different perception methods and their possibilities were gathered. A methodology for the classification of horizontal and vertical traffic signs anomalies that may help in designing better testing and validation environments for traffic sign recognition systems in the future was also proposed.
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Men, Yu Zhuo, Hai Bo Yu, Hua Wang und Liang Xu. „Study on Driving Deceleration Model on Horizontal Curve Sections of Mountain Highways“. Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (Februar 2012): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1660.
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Mountain highways are traffic accident-prone locations. Such factors as vehicle speed and trajectory hold a considerable proportion in the accidents. Highway line features is the basis to determine vehicle speed. In this paper, the running speed of vehicles on mountain highways is taken as the main object of study and the observation and survey data on vehicles deceleration behaviors before they enter a curve on the curved sections of mountain highways are taken as the reference object to establish the drivers driving speed control model on the horizontal curve sections of mountain highways, and an example is used to conduct comparative validation on the driving deceleration model. Calculation results show that the deceleration control model established in this paper is feasible and effective, can better simulate vehicles deceleration behaviors when they pass through speed limit signs or the sections with road surface deceleration signs and provides a new theoretical method and guiding basis for the line features design, traffic safety analysis and evaluation and traffic safety improvements of mountain highways.
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Xiao, Jian, Jian Zhao, Liulin Yang, Juanxia He, Yu Li und Yuxiao Li. „Study on the Deocclusion of the Visibility Window of Traffic Signs on a Curved Highway“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (16.01.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4291018.
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Highway navigation is often affected by complex topography, and the flat curve plays an important role in the horizontal alignment design of a highway. Many curves are formed, where visibility could be decreased. Thus, the indicative function of a traffic sign plays a crucial role in ensuring driving safety at the curve. Due to the blocked visibility, the probability of the traffic sign occlusion at the curve of operating highways is quite high. It is urgent to consider the clearing obstructions around traffic signs at curves during highway construction. In this study, the potential of visual occlusion for traffic signs on curved highways was investigated. Firstly, the driver’s visibility window that contains traffic signs was defined and criteria of visual occlusion were proposed. Secondly, a geometric occlusion design formula was established to mimic the visual recognition process of traffic signs on a curved highway, yielding the formula to calculate the visibility window. Finally, the occlusion design formula was applied into a case study of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway (Hunan section), in which visibility windows were calculated and analyzed. The obtained results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the occlusion design formula developed in this study.
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Dinh, Do Duy, und Le Tien Dung. „An application of direct method and ball-bank indicator method to determine advisory speeds for horizontal curves in Vietnam“. Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 14, Nr. 1 (22.01.2020): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2020-14(1)-12.
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Advisory speed signs on horizontal curves have been widely used in many countries over the world to improve traffic safety; however these road signs have not been applied in Vietnam. This paper aims to use the direct method and ball-bank indicator one to determine advisory speeds for 10 horizontal curves all with speed limit of 60 km/h on National Highway No. 4A in Lang Son province. The results showed that, advisory speeds were determined by the ball-bank indicator method ranging from 40 to 45 km/h for curves with radius of 70 m or less and from 50 to 55 km/h for curves with radius varying from 75 m to 120 m. As compared to the ball bank indicator method, advisory speeds determined by the direct method were 0 – 5 km/h higher if using 85th percentile speeds of cars, but 5 – 10 km/h lower if using average speeds of trucks.
Keywords:
advisory speed limit; operating speed; horizontal curve; ball-bank indicator; traffic safety.
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Rose, Elisabeth R., und Paul J. Carlson. „Spacing Chevrons on Horizontal Curves“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1918, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191800111.
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The chevron alignment sign is an important traffic control device used to warn drivers of the severity of a curve by delineating the alignment of the road around that curve. FHWA's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways provides the following guidance on the spacing of chevrons around a curve: “The Chevron Alignment sign should be spaced such that the road user always has at least two in view, until the change in alignment eliminates the need for the signs” and “the Chevrons should be visible for a sufficient distance to provide the road user with adequate time to react to the change in alignment.” This guidance is broad to account for geometric design features and site obstructions such as steep vertical curvature or heavy vegetation. It also allows flexibility based on site characteristics and available funds, and the use of this verbiage creates a lower liability risk than there would be if a spacing chart were used. However, the broad wording allows for inconsistencies in the roadway system and provides little guidance for maintenance personnel. A field study was conducted to investigate the impacts of varying the number of chevrons in view around a curve. A spacing chart was then developed to simplify maintenance personnel's responsibility for choosing appropriate chevron spacing. The results of the field study indicated that having more than two chevrons in view around the curve provided a benefit in the form of a reduction in speed of about 3 mph at night. Smaller speed reductions were observed during daylight.
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Auer, S., und U. Balss. „SIMULATION-BASED EVALUATION OF LIGHT POSTS AND STREET SIGNS AS 3-D GEOLOCATION TARGETS IN SAR IMAGES“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-1/W1 (30.05.2017): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-1-w1-11-2017.
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The assignment of phase center positions (in 2D or 3D) derived from SAR data to physical object is challenging for many man-made structures such as buildings or bridges. In contrast, light poles and traffic signs are promising targets for tasks based on 3-D geolocation as they often show a prominent and spatially isolated appearance. For a detailed understanding of the nature of both targets, this paper presents results of a dedicated simulation case study, which is based on ray tracing methods (simulator RaySAR). For the first time, the appearance of the targets is analyzed in 2D (image plane) and 3D space (world coordinates of scene model) and reflecting surfaces are identified for related dominant image pixels. The case studies confirms the crucial impact of spatial resolution in the context of light poles and traffic signs and the appropriateness of light poles as target for 3-D geolocation in case of horizontal ground surfaces beneath.
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Hosseinpour, Mehdi, Ahmad Shukri Yahaya, Ahmad Farhan Sadullah, Noriszura Ismail und Seyed Mohammad Reza Ghadiri. „EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ROAD GEOMETRY, ENVIRONMENT, AND TRAFFIC VOLUME ON ROLLOVER CRASHES“. TRANSPORT 31, Nr. 2 (28.06.2016): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1193046.
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There are a number of factors that cause motor vehicles to rollover. However, the impacts of roadway characteristics on rollover crashes have rarely been addressed in the literature. This study aims to apply a set of crash prediction models in order to estimate the number of rollovers as a function of road geometry, the environment, and traffic conditions. To this end, seven count-data models, including Poisson (PM), negative binomial (NB), heterogeneous negative binomial (HTNB), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), hurdle Poisson (HP), and hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models, were developed and compared using crash data collected on 448 segments of Malaysian federal roads. The results showed that the HTNB was the best-fit model among the others to model the frequency of rollovers. The variables Light-Vehicle Traffic (LVT), horizontal curvature, access points, speed limit, and centreline median were positively associated with the crash frequency, while UnPaved Shoulder Width (UPSW) and Heavy-Vehicle Traffic (HVT) were found to have the opposite effect. The findings of this study suggest that rollovers could potentially be reduced by developing road safety countermeasures, such as access management of driveways, straightening sharp horizontal curves, widening shoulder width, better design of centreline medians, and posting lower speed limits and warning signs in areas with higher rollover tendency.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Horizontal traffic signs"
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Moraes, Rafael Detoni. „Estudo do impacto visual de alguns sinais horizontais de trânsito: avaliação utilizando métodos da psicofísica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13052016-154535/.
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Neste trabalho são feitas comparações entre os principais sinais horizontais de trânsito (Parada Obrigatória, Faixa de Pedestre e Lombada) padronizados pelo Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (CTB), com modelos alternativos que sofreram variações na forma e/ou cor, alguns deles já usados em algumas cidades brasileiras, com o objetivo de identificar se essas alterações melhoram ou não a percepção do sinal (impacto visual). Para isso são utilizados dois métodos da Psicofísica. Numa primeira etapa a análise é feita utilizando o Método de Comparação aos Pares, para um grupo de quatro estímulos para cada sinal estudado. Em seguida, aplicando o Método de Estimativa das Categorias, foi avaliado o impacto visual do sinal horizontal de Parada Obrigatória quanto à presença ou ausência de orla externa. Por fim, também pelo Método de Comparação aos Pares, foi avaliado o impacto visual causado pelo uso conjugado de sinais horizontais em cruzamentos não semaforizados. Foram estudadas as combinações entre os sinais de parada obrigatória, faixa de pedestres e faixa de retenção. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir as seguintes conclusões: as alterações na forma e cor propostas para os sinais de parada obrigatória e faixa de pedestres causam maior impacto visual quando comparadas ao modelo padronizado pelo CTB mas, no caso das lombadas, a sinalização padrão mostrou-se ser mais perceptível; quanto a presença ou não da orla externa no sinal de parada obrigatória, esta demonstrou ser positiva; o uso conjugado dos sinais de parada obrigatória, faixa de pedestres e faixa de retenção é a combinação que mais desperta a atenção dos usuários.This work compares the main horizontal traffic signs (Obligatory Stop, Zebra Crossing and Bump Mark) standardized by the Brazilian Traffic Code (CTB), with alternative models that suffered variations in the form and/or color, some of them already used in some Brazilians cities, with the objective of identifying those alterations get inpruve better or not the perception ofe the sign (visual impact). Two Psychophysics Methods are used in this comparisons. In a first stage the analysis is made using the Comparision in Pair Method, for a group of four stimulus for each studied sign. Afterwards, applying the Categories Estimative Method, the visual impact of Stop sign was evaluated considering the presence or absence of the border. Finally, also using the Comparison in pairs Method, the visual impact caused by the conjugated use of horizontal signs in intersections without traffic lights was evaluated. The combinations among the signs of Stop, Zebra Crossing and Retention Strip were studied. The obtained results allow to infer the following conclusions: the alterations in the form and color proposed for Stop and Zebra Crossing signs cause higher visual impact when compared to the standardized models by CTB, but in the case of the bumps marks, the standard sign has shown to be more perceptible; with the presence or not of the external border in the Stop sign, this was demonstrated to be positive; The conjugated use of the Stop, Zebra Crossing and Retention Strip signs is the combination that more attracts the users attention.
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Marko, Peter. „Detekce objektů v laserových skenech pomocí konvolučních neuronových sítí“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445509.
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This thesis is aimed at detection of lines of horizontal road markings from a point cloud, which was obtained using mobile laser mapping. The system works interactively in cooperation with user, which marks the beginning of the traffic line. The program gradually detects the remaining parts of the traffic line and creates its vector representation. Initially, a point cloud is projected into a horizontal plane, crating a 2D image that is segmented by a U-Net convolutional neural network. Segmentation marks one traffic line. Segmentation is converted to a polyline, which can be used in a geo-information system. During testing, the U-Net achieved a segmentation accuracy of 98.8\%, a specificity of 99.5\% and a sensitivity of 72.9\%. The estimated polyline reached an average deviation of 1.8cm.
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Paula, Maurício Braga de. „Visão computacional para veículos inteligentes usando câmeras embarcadas“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/122511.
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O uso de sistemas de assistência ao motorista (DAS) baseados em visão tem contribuído consideravelmente na redução de acidentes e consequentemente no auxílio de uma melhor condução. Estes sistemas utilizam basicamente uma câmera de vídeo embarcada (normalmente fixada no para-brisa) com o propósito de extrair informações acerca da rodovia e ajudar o condutor num melhor processo de dirigibilidade. Pequenas distrações ou a perda de concentração podem ser suficientes para que um acidente ocorra. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de algoritmos para extrair informações sobre a sinalização em rodovias. Mais precisamente, serão abordados algoritmos de calibração de câmera explorando a geometria da pista, de extração da marcação de pintura (sinalização horizontal) e detecção e identificação de placas de trânsito (sinalização vertical). Os resultados experimentais indicam que o método de calibração de câmera alcançou bons resultados na obtenção dos parâmetros extrínsecos com erros inferiores a 0:5 . O erro médio encontrado nos experimentos com relação a estimativa da altura da câmera foi em torno de 12 cm (erro relativo aproximado de 10%), permitindo explorar o uso da realidade aumentada como uma possível aplicação. A acurácia global para a detecção e reconhecimento da sinalização horizontal (marcas seccionadas, contínuas e mistas) foi acima de 96% perante uma diversidade de situações apresentadas, tais como: sombras, variação de iluminação, degradação do asfalto e pintura. O uso da câmera calibrada para a detecção da sinalização vertical contribui para delimitar o espaço de varredura da janela deslizante do detector, bem como realizar a procura por placas em uma única escala para cada região de busca, caracterizada pela distância ao veículo. Os resultados apresentados reportam uma taxa global de classificação de aproximadamente 99% para o sinal de proibido ultrapassar, considerando-se uma base de dados limitada a 962 amostras.The use of driver assistance systems (DAS) based on computer vision has helped considerably in reducing accidents and consequently aid in better driving. These systems primarily use an embedded video camera (usually fixed on the windshield) for the purpose of extracting information about the highway and assisting the driver in a better handling process. Small distractions or loss of concentration may be sufficient for an accident to occur. This work presents the development of algorithms to extract information about traffic signs on highways. More specifically, this work will tackle a camera calibration algorithm that exploits the geometry of the road track, algorithms for the extraction of road marking paint (lane markings) and detection and identification of vertical traffic signs. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method for obtaining the extrinsic parameters achieve good results with errors of less than 0:5 . The average error in our experiments, related to the camera height, were around 12 cm (relative error around 10%). Global accuracy for the detection and classification of road lane markings (dashed, solid, dashed-solid, solid-dashed or double solid) were over 96%. Finally, our camera calibration algorithm was used to reduce the search region and to define the scale of a slidingwindow detector for vertical traffic signs. The use of the calibrated camera for the detection of traffic signs contributes to define the scanning area of the sliding window and perform a search for signs on a unique scale for each region of interest, determined by the distance to the vehicle. The results reported a global classification rate of approximately 99% for the no overtaking sign, considering a limited of 962 samples.
Bücher zum Thema "Horizontal traffic signs"
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Lyles, R. W. Communicating changes in horizontal alignment. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2006.
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European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (Organization) und European Commission Directorate-General Transport, Hrsg. COST 331: Requirements for horizontal road marking : final report of the action. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.
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Lucas Alba, Antonio, Alberto E. Arbaiza Martin, Ana Hernando Mazón und María Teresa Blanch Micó. „ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC SIGNS: REFLECTING UPON ITS TRANSITION“. In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3217.
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In our days we face a fundamental issue concerning road signs. We may display contents in vertical and horizontal format (static signs, variable message signs, road markings), either on a post, a gantry or a dashboard. And we foresee a coming age where the excellent matrix resolution of painted signs will be truly approached by the resolution of full matrix displays. But we also risk a babel context threatening the universal approach encouraged by international catalogues as the 1968 Convention (ECE/TRANS/196, 2007). And the fundamental risk comes from our decisions regarding how the transition from the contents and formats displayed on static message signs to the ones displayed on electronic signs (in gantries or dashboards) should be. Our work explores this issue specifically, considering the transition from Advance Direction Signs (static message signs, class G, 1 in the 1968 Convention) to what could be termed Advance Location Signs (signs concerning the location of variable events with regards to certain landmarks) developed as an adaptation of the G, 1 class to electronic traffic signs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3217