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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "History – underground movements"
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Quinn, Adam. „“Aboveground, Underground, and Locked Down”“. Radical History Review 2021, Nr. 141 (01.10.2021): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9170766.
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Abstract Incarcerated people in Washington have published a variety of periodicals, ranging from general prison news to radical newspapers that debated ideologies like communism, anarchism, and Black nationalism. This article examines radical periodicals published in and concerning prisons to better understand struggles over the prisoners’ press in Washington. First, it contextualizes this history with a discussion of militant prisoner support movements in the 1970s. These movements included the Sunfighter, an underground newspaper; and the George Jackson Brigade, a guerrilla group, whose members were involved with both the Sunfighter and subsequent prison newspapers. This article then analyzes the politics, inside-outside relationships, and censorship of two radical prisoner quarterlies: the Marxist-Leninist Red Dragon and the Anarchist Black Dragon. Influenced by their prison environment, these newspapers provided space for networks and writings that sought to address interconnected problems such as mass incarceration, sexual violence, and racism. Ultimately, these newspapers demonstrate how prisoners’ politics are worthy of closer consideration by historians, as their ideas and actions shaped news, public discourse, and movements on both sides of the prison walls.
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HARPER, TIM. „Singapore, 1915, and the Birth of the Asian Underground“. Modern Asian Studies 47, Nr. 6 (22.08.2013): 1782–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1300036x.
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AbstractThis paper examines the 1915 Singapore Mutiny within the context of border-crossing patriotic and anarchist movements in the early twentieth century world. It traces some of the continuities and discontinuities with later revolutionary movements in Asia, especially in terms of networks and the sites of their interactions. Through this, it reflects on the meaning of the ‘transnational’ at this moment in Asian history.
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Schulz, Cynthia. „Between surrealism and politics: An exploration of subversive body arts in 1980s East German underground cinema“. Punk & Post-Punk 00, Nr. 00 (09.07.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00104_1.
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This article discusses the underground cinema of the German Democratic Republic during the 1980s in regard to its contributions to the arts and the avant-garde. While scholars including Claus Löser and Katrin Frietzsche have contributed greatly to the remembrance of the East German underground cinema, its influences have been disregarded by film studies, not least within the anglophone field. As a result, little to no research has been conducted regarding its contributions to the avant-garde or through the scope of other art movements as the political aspect continues to be emphasized. This article draws upon multiple art developments such as dada, surrealism, performance and body art as well as Eastern European-specific movements. Therefore, it evaluates how the East German underground interprets those influences and further contributes to them. Significant works by Cornelia Schleime, Gabriele Stötzer, Thomas Frydetzki and Tohm di Roes are subject to analyses to reveal anarchist feminist tendencies and surrealism with anarchist aspects. It concludes that the East German underground must be seen as a contribution to the less-researched necrorealism as an art movement paralleling the constitutional socialist realism. As such, political implications cannot be subtracted altogether but shall rather be viewed alongside the emergence of anarchist surrealism during the Cold War.
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Ezell, Jason. „“Returning Forest Darlings”“. Radical History Review 2019, Nr. 135 (01.10.2019): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607833.
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Abstract This essay describes how, in the late 1970s, gay liberationists in the Southeast developed a rural sanctuary practice out of their intersections with back-to-the-land movements, leading to the formation of Short Mountain Sanctuary in 1980. It draws on writings in the gay serial RFD, as well as on oral histories and event documentation, to trace how members mobilized regional collectivism, rustic print practices, and spiritual affect to imagine a rural underground at the edges of the state’s reach. This account serves as an alternate case study to US sanctuary movement histories, which heavily feature city and church.
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DOUGLAS, R. M. „THE PRO-AXIS UNDERGROUND IN IRELAND, 1939–1942“. Historical Journal 49, Nr. 4 (24.11.2006): 1155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005772.
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During the first half of the Second World War, a network of secretive ultra-right movements emerged in Ireland for the purpose of assisting the Axis cause. These groups had little contact with fascist organizations overseas, but rather were indigenous expressions of discontent with the perceived failure of Irish liberal democracy to address the country’s political and economic problems. Numerically weak, poorly led, and ideologically unsophisticated, the pro-Axis underground made little progress in its subversive activities and was kept in check by the security services. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that a considerable number of Irishmen and women on both sides of the Border shared its underlying objective of aligning Ireland with what they regarded as an emerging post-democratic world order.
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Teitlbaum-Karrie, Naama, und Yael Nahari. „The Experience of Female Prisoners of the Underground Movements in Bethlehem Prison, 1939-1947: Gender Aspects“. Iyunim - Multidisiplinary Studies in Israel and Modern Jewish Society 40 (01.07.2024): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-40a168.
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Bethlehem prison was the only women’s prison in Palestine during the British Mandate. It housed over two hundred Jewish women, mainly from the Irgun and Lehi underground movements. This article describes, for the first time, the experience of the women in Bethlehem prison and analyzes it using gender tools. Their experiences were documented and preserved in ego-documents that include personal letters, diaries, and subsequently written memoirs. The analysis of gender content in the writings of the women in Bethlehem prison focuses the discussion on a number of components: their relations with Jewish prisoners accused of criminal offenses and with Arab prisoners; feminine outward markers and concern about external appearance and the women’s physical and medical needs; family and motherhood behind bars; and also, spiritual elements, including ritual practice in female environments. We also discuss elements that do not appear in their writings, including feminist themes or at least those interpreted as feminist in a modern reading. All of this sheds light on the unique perspective of the woman fighter in the Revisionist movement and adds another layer to the history of women and gender in the Jewish Yishuv and the study of the underground movements
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Kadhem, Fouad. „The New Shi’a Mahdawi Movements in Iraq: Religious Discontent or Political Protest?“ Protest 4, Nr. 1 (28.02.2024): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667372x-bja10060.
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Abstract Mahdawi ‘protest’ movements have played a significant role throughout Islamic history. As salvation movements, they often incorporated religious principles with social and economic demands to protest against authorities in order to bring about political change. Historically, Iraq has always been, and still is, the centre of Mahdawi movements in the Islamic world. Immediately after 2003, a host of new Shi’a Mahdawi movements emerged. These movements nonetheless were active underground since the late 1980s. They demonstrated an evident negative stance towards both Baghdad’s government and Shi’a religious authorities. I will pose the following questions that I intend to answer using primary source data from selected political actors: How did these movements emerge? What are the religious and social factors behind their existence? What are the political ideas and views advocated by these movements? What are the reasons that render these Shi’a movements at conflict with the Iraqi state on the one hand, and the authority of Shi’a ‘ulama in Najaf on the other hand?
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Yoshimizu, Ayaka. „Unsettling Memories of Japanese Migrant Sex Workers: Carceral Mobilities of the Transpacific Underground at the Turn of the 20th Century“. TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 43 (01.09.2021): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-43-003.
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Between 1908 and 1909 and in 1912, Vancouver-based journalist Shohei Osada published a two-part series entitled “Exploration of Devil Caves” in a local Japanese language newspaper, detailing the lives of Japanese migrants involved in the sex trade in Canada. The series showcases the presence of underground networks that extended across the continent and the Pacific, or what I call the “transpacific underground.” Many characters in Osada’s series are transient migrants, who did not settle in any one specific nation but continued moving on across multiple borders seeking new opportunities, or sometimes, last resort for survival. By reading Osada’s writing closely, this article develops the notion of the transpacific underground as method to engage the history of migrant sex workers and understand it from a carceral space of migration regulated by multiple imperial and colonial forces, gendered nationalist ideologies, and human trafficking, making migrant women’s movements forced but also transgressive and open-ended.
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Sammond, Nicholas. „Letters, Queer and Women’s Comix, and Making Community“. Feminist Media Histories 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2024.10.1.57.
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This article charts the role of underground women’s and queer comics in the formation of local communities and liberation movements. It moves beyond an analysis of the comics themselves, considering the role that correspondence—between fans and editors, between artists and editors, between editors and publishers, between fans and artists—plays in crafting community through critical discourse, practical discussion, and commerce. It explores the tension between radical, sometimes anticapitalist organizing and the need of artists, publishers, and bookstore owners to make a living while supporting and being supported by their communities. Finally, it locates a tradition in the comics community of mutual support and encouragement, an “ethics of care,” that not only provided space for different and marginalized voices but saw in the production of comics a means by which to link individual and local struggles to emergent national liberation movements.
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Briteramos, Alyssa. „Punking: How appropriation revitalised it and the role institutions play in the protection and longevity of this elusive art“. Nordic Journal of Dance 14, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njd-2023-0017.
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Abstract From the streets of Los Angeles in the early 1970s, a dance style named Punking emerged. This occurred at the height of the civil rights movement in the underground LGBTQ+ clubs of LA by a group of BIPOC queer men. A blend of sharp, exaggerated poses and movements borrowed from Hollywood films and pop culture became an art form that reflected their identity and encapsulated the escapism and liberation of a group of young queer people growing up in an environment where being queer was illegal and dangerous. By the late 1980s and 1990s, the dance faded, but it still influenced dance styles such as jazz, house, and even vogue. In the early 2000s, interest in the dance was reignited. However, its name and origins remained elusive, prompting an investigation into its history, shifting narratives and exclusion from dance history. In this article, I will explore how a dance form becomes lost in translation and how this dance can be preserved and introduced into institutionalised spaces to offer resources and legal protection for an art form on the verge of erasure from history.
Dissertationen zum Thema "History – underground movements"
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Gerolymatos, André. „British intelligence and guerrilla warfare operations in the Second World War : Greece 1941-1944, a case study“. Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70236.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyze the relationship between British guerrilla warfare and espionage operations as well as their impact upon the Greek resistance. Within this context the contribution to the Allied war effort of the espionage and sabotage groups that operated in occupied Greece will also be examined.Part one of this study includes an historical background covering the period preceding the occupation of Greece and an account of the development of British intelligence organizations to 1939. Part two examines the reorganization of the British intelligence services after the outbreak of the Second World War and the establishment of the Special Operations Executive.
In addition, emphasis is placed on the deployment of the British intelligence services in the Middle East. Part three discusses the development of the Greek resistance and the implementation of guerrilla warfare in the mountains as well as the activities of the espionage and sabotage groups in the main cities and towns of occupied Greece. Part four includes the conclusions and bibliography.
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Ceccarelli, Marco. „Revolutionary self-fulfilment? : individual radicalisation and terrorism in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Notes from underground, Crime and punishment and The devils“. University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. European Studies, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0007.
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This thesis analyses Fyodor Dostoyevsky's discussion of individual radicalisation and terrorism in three of his major novels: Notes from Underground, Crime and Punishment and The Devils. Whilst the issues of radical ideology and terrorism have often been independently discussed by Dostoyevsky scholars, little attention has been devoted to the study of the process of radicalisation undergone by Dostoyevsky's protagonists, whereby the extreme fulfilment of radical ideals culminates in political violence. This investigation traces the evolution of Dostoyevsky's individual in the context of the radically changing socio-political environment of nineteenth-century Russia. The development of this individual will be examined throughout the novels as he initially questions, and is hostile to, radical ideology, gradually embraces its tenets and tests its validity through the use of violence and eventually engages in terrorist activity. Dostoyevsky felt himself impotent in the face of the gradual assimilation of utilitarian, materialistic and nihilist ideals by the new generation of Russian intellectuals. In the emulation of Western revolutionary culture, he came to see a threat to Russian nationhood, to true Russian identity and to traditional Russian values such as Orthodox Christianity. In his novels he sought to examine and question the ideologies of leading theorists influenced by Western radical thought; ideologies that he believed were flawed, deceptive and contradictory. This study focuses on the development of the themes of radicalisation and terrorism in the three chosen novels. Emphasis is laid on the devastating impact of radical ideology and terrorist activity on the individual.
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Langlois, Suzanne 1954. „La résistance dans le cinéma français de fiction (1944-1994) /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42073.
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The subject of this doctoral dissertation is a thematic study of the representation of the Resistance in French fiction films since 1944. This work encompasses the larger fields of history and memory of the Resistance and the Second World War. It is a cinematographic historiography which explores 50 years of film production about the French Resistance. It analyzes the historical choices put forward by film, the censorship which had to be overcome, as well as the sources it used. It also examines how film contributes to the formation of historical consciousness. These developments are compared with the written history of the Resistance. The sources for this work include both visual and written materials: films, preliminary documents, censorship files, and film criticism. Nine interviews provide an additional aspect to this corpus. The parallel drawn between the historiography of the Resistance and the films allowed for a better understanding of the fluctuating relationship between film and historical studies. Also, the examination of this filmography from the perspective of women resisters permitted filmic analysis to move beyond the traditional and politically oriented evaluations of films based on Gaullist or communist memory.
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Linhares, Maria Juliana Figueredo. „O fazer artístico de Escurinho sob perspectiva etnomusicológica“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8408.
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Research on the artistic career of the composer, percussionist and singer Jonas Epifânio dos Santos Neto, known as Escurinho present in the urban music scene in João Pessoa since the late 1980s. To interpret how to weave the threads of popular music during the life of a performer, the theoretical and methodological bases of ethnomusicology (BLACKING, 1995 MUKUNA, 2008, MERRIAM, 1980) dialogue with the bases of the interpretive anthropology (GEERTZ, 2008), history of life (CHIZZOTTI, 2006), the sociological "structuralist constructivism" (BOURDIEU, 1996), philosophy (BAKHTIN, 2006), and visual anthropology (HARTMANN, 2001). The work seeks to understand the history of life, not just as an individual artistic saga, but as a reflection of the trends of urban social movements in local and global level. The results it’s a tour by the music scene of the city of João Pessoa, through Escurinho reports, and the analysis of his work.
Pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, sobre a trajetória artística do compositor, percussionista e cantor Jonas Epifânio dos Santos Neto, conhecido como Escurinho, presente na cena de música urbana de João Pessoa, desde o início dos anos 1980. Para interpretar de que forma se tecem as tramas da música popular no decurso da vida de um sujeito, as bases teórico-metodológicas da etnomusicologia (BLACKING, 1995, MUKUNA, 2008, e MERRIAM, 1964, entre outros) procuraram dialogar com as bases da antropologia interpretativa (GEERTZ, 2008), da história de vida (CHIZZOTTI, 2006), do “construtivismo estruturalista” sociológico (BOURDIEU, 1996), da filosofia (BAKHTIN, 2006). O trabalho busca compreender essa história de vida, não apenas como uma saga artística individual, mas como um reflexo das tendências de movimentos sociais urbanos em nível local e global. O resultado é um perpassar pela cena de música underground da cidade de João Pessoa, através dos relatos de Escurinho, e pelas análises de sua obra.
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Pollitt, Bethany Marie. „THE ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT IN CLERMONT COUNTY“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1340654984.
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Yang, Lu, und 楊露. „On revolutionary road : translated modernity, underground reading movement and the reconstruction of subjectivity, 1970s“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196020.
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Translating and reading western modernist literature played a vital role in forging contemporary Chinese literature and China’s mode of subjectivity, but little has been written about them, and even less about the interconnections between them. My PhD thesis aims to offer a comprehensive interpretation of the phenomenon of translating and reading modernist literature in Mao’s China, focusing particularly on translators’ and readers’ agency, and their collective construction of a multifaceted discourse of subjectivity. The central questions I try to answer in my thesis are: For what “practical” purposes or needs did the Chinese Communist Party order the translation and publication of these modernist texts which are clearly against the ideology of Mao’s China? What mark did translators from state controlled institutions leave in the intellectual history of China? Why did western modernist literature of 1950s cause such a strong response from the intellectual youth in the 1970s?
In Mao’s China, there were a number of modernist literature texts that were translated and published. They were only intended to be available for a very limited readership consisting of high ranking party officials, but ended up being leaked, and eventually became extremely popular in the underground reading movement. I decided to focus on the three most widely read texts, which are On the Road (first translated into Chinese in 1962), Catcher in the Rye (first translated into Chinese in 1963), and Waiting for Godot (first translated into Chinese in 1965). By mapping the translation process and the underground reading of these texts into the context of the politics of China from the early 1960s to the late 1970s, my study provides three arguments which attempt to answer the three questions raised above: 1) Mao’s China encountered similar modernity situations so that western modernist literature after World War II was translated for internal circulation and criticism; 2) Thanks to the subjectivity of translators from state controlled institutions, their translations paved the way for the rising of the self, the end of revolution, and the individualization of Chinese society; 3) As early as in the 1960s to 1970s, the conscious reading of modernist literature brought alternative understandings of self and ways of being, and the sent-down Chinese youth have new self-projection by reading these texts.
Few researchers have studied translation beyond analysis of target language text (TLT), while my methodological innovation is to connect three traditionally isolated subjects into a single continuing process of meaning giving activity: the source text and their role in forging western subjectivity; translators and their translations in Mao’s context; and Chinese underground reading of western literature from late 1960s to 1970s.
This is a comparative and theoretical study of the three chosen texts in their historical contexts in order to reconsider the cultural significance of translating and reading modernist literature in Mao’s China. I hope it will modify our view of translation and reading history in Mao’s China, contributing to theories of subjectivity and the plurality of Chinese modernity discourse.published_or_final_version
Chinese
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Makhlouf, De la Garza Muna. „Transformaciones urbanas desde la resistencia: aproximaciones a un movimiento vecinal en la Barceloneta, Barcelona“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397704.
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Mi tema de investigación es el impacto social de planes de transformación urbana, así como uso y apropiación del espacio público. En esta tesis doctoral, enfoqué dicho tema en un movimiento vecinal que se creó para oponerse a un plan urbanístico en el barrio marinero de Barcelona.
Barcelona es una ciudad paradigmática en cuestión de transformaciones urbanísticas, que se volvió modelo de exportación después de su experiencia olímpica de 1992. En las últimas décadas, especialmente en preparación para las Olimpiadas, esta ciudad ha experimentado grandes transformaciones. Una de las áreas más afectadas ha sido su frente marítimo, al que pertenece la Barceloneta, el barrio marinero de la ciudad construido en el siglo XVII.
En 2007, con la aprobación de un plan urbano del Ayuntamiento para este barrio que podría haber resultado en la expulsión de muchos habitantes, -el llamado "Plan de los Ascensores"-, fue creado en oposición un movimiento vecinal. En los años siguientes, el movimiento ha ido añadiendo diversos frentes de lucha, con la apropiación reivindicativa del espacio público como uno de sus principales frentes de acción.
contestando y resistiendo a un modelo de ciudad impulsado por el gobierno local y el capital privado. El objetivo general de la investigación es abordar antropológicamente la construcción del movimiento vecinal en el barrio de la Barceloneta, indagando cuestiones como la forma en que se organiza actualmente un movimiento contra planes urbanísticos, y a través de qué
reivindicaciones, estrategias, discursos, formas de organización interna, alianzas, frentes de acción y de lucha.
Una pregunta de investigación también presente en el trabajo es por las diferencias y semejanzas entre las luchas vecinales de antes y de ahora, según las diferentes fases del proceso de apropiación capitalista de la ciudad.My research topic is the social impact of urban transformation plans. In this doctoral dissertation I focused it on a neighborhood movement from a Quarter of Barcelona, which is considered paradigmatic in planned urban transformations, to the extent that it speaks of the "Barcelona Model". I wanted to study the subject of research in a neighborhood movement to focus it from the active and organized citizen response in resistance against the urban plans that are being implemented, and, above all, against this model of city driven by local government and capitalist powers, considered by the neighbors organized as more harmful than beneficial for the local population involved. The research was aimed to address anthropologically the construction of the resistance movement of Barceloneta's residents, created to cope with urban plans implemented in the neighborhood by the City Hall. This subject is part of the process of planned urban transformation that is taking place now in this neighborhood and in Barcelona City. As specific objectives, on one hand it was to inquire on the strategies that are taking place in the neighborhood against the urban plans designed by the City Council, especially those generated from the neighborhood movement constituted by the AssociaciO de Veins I Veines de l'Ostia (L'Ostia Neighbors Association) and the Plataforma de Afectados en Defensa de la Barceloneta (Platform of Affected in Defense of the Barceloneta). Different elements of the process of opposition or resistance have been investigated in this direction, such as problems-and possible solutions- identified by the organized neighbors, their actions and forms of organization. On the other hand, the research aims to have an analytical approach on social dynamics resulting from this process of transformation and resistance: the relationships that appear disappear or are transformed. Specific issues arise from the central question about the social impact of urban planning: - How a neighborhood movement against urban plans is organized? - Through which claims, discourses, strategies, types of internal organization and alliances? - Which are the movement concerns and its fronts of struggle? - In what way this style and format of neighborhood struggle can and should be compared with other phases of capitalist appropriation of the city?
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Giombolini, Alecia Jay. „Anarchism on the Willamette: the Firebrand Newspaper and the Origins of a Culturally American Anarchist Movement, 1895-1898“. PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4471.
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The Firebrand was an anarchist communist newspaper that was printed in Portland, Oregon from January 1895 to September 1897. The newspaper was a central catalyst behind the formation of the culturally American anarchist movement, a movement whose vital role in shaping radicalism in the United States during the Progressive Era has largely been ignored by historians. The central argument of this thesis is that the Firebrand publishers' experiences in Gilded Age Portland shaped the content and the format of the newspaper and led to the development of a new, uniquely American expression of anarchism.
Anarchism was developed in response to the great transformations of the nineteenth century and the anxieties of a society that was being entirely restructured as industrialization and urbanization took hold across the globe. The anarchism of the Firebrand was a regional response to these same changes, an expression of radical discontent at the way in which life in Portland and the Pacific Northwest was rapidly changing. According to the Firebranders, the region had transformed from a place of economic opportunity and political freedom into a region driven by economic and political exploitation. Thus, the newspaper developed a uniquely western American perspective and expressed a formation of anarchist communism that was steeped in the history and culture of the United States. The newspaper was just as influenced by centuries of American libertarian activism as it was by outright anarchist philosophy. As a result, the newspaper frequently included articles about free love and women's rights, issues outside of the typical purview of anarchist communist political philosophy. This Americanized expression of anarchist communism allowed the newspaper to expand beyond the movement's core urban, immigrant audience and attract culturally American, English-speaking radicals to the cause.
In the Fall of 1897, after two years and eight months in publication, three of the Firebrand publishers were arrested for the crime of sending obscene materials through the mail. The Firebrand's frank discussions of sexuality, women's rights, and free love offended the local censor and gave law enforcement an excuse to prosecute Portland's anarchists. The ensuing trial would result in the newspaper's closure. Nonetheless, a new intellectual movement had been established, and though the movement would remain small, it would play a disproportionately large role in shaping radical American politics and culture for the next two decades.
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Glomm, Anna Sandaker. „Graphic revolt! : Scandinavian artists' workshops, 1968-1975 : Røde Mor, Folkets Ateljé and GRAS“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3171.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the three artists' workshops Røde Mor (Red Mother), Folkets Ateljé (The People's Studio) and GRAS, who worked between 1968 and 1975 in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Røde Mor was from the outset an articulated Communist graphic workshop loosely organised around collective exhibitions. It developed into a highly productive and professionalised group of artists that made posters by commission for political and social movements. Its artists developed a familiar and popular artistic language characterised by imaginative realism and socialist imagery. Folkets Ateljé, which has never been studied before, was a close knit underground group which created quick and immediate responses to concurrent political issues. This group was founded on the example of Atelier Populaire in France and is strongly related to its practices. Within this comparative study it is the group that comes closest to collective practises around 1968 outside Scandinavia, namely the democratic assembly. The silkscreen workshop GRAS stemmed from the idea of economic and artistic freedom, although socially motivated and politically involved, the group never implemented any doctrine for participation. The aim of this transnational study is to reveal common denominators to the three groups' poster art as it was produced in connection with a Scandinavian experience of 1968. By ‘1968' it is meant the period from the late 1960s till the end of the 1970s. It examines the socio-political conditions under which the groups flourished and shows how these groups operated in conjunction with the political environment of 1968. The thesis explores the relationship between political movements and the collective art making process as it appeared in Scandinavia. To present a comprehensible picture of the impact of 1968 on these groups, their artworks, manifestos, and activities outside of the collective space have been discussed. The argument has presented itself that even though these groups had very similar ideological stances, their posters and techniques differ. This has impacted the artists involved to different degrees, yet made it possible to express the same political goals. It is suggested to be linked with the Scandinavian social democracies and common experience of the radicalisation that took place mostly in the aftermath of 1968 proper. By comparing these three groups' it has been uncovered that even with the same socio-political circumstances and ideological stance divergent styles did develop to embrace these issue.
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WINTERHALTER, Cecilia. „La resistenza armata nell'Italia del 1943-45 fra storia e memoria pubblica alle radici della trasmissione storica“. Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6020.
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Defence date: 3 March 2000Examining Board: Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Universität Bielefeld (supervisor) ; Prof. Luisa Passerini, Istituto Universitario Europeo (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Claudio Pavone, emeritus, Università di Pisa ; Prof. Jakob Tanner,Universität Zürich
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
L'oggetto di questa tesi sulla Seconda Guerra Mondiale e sulla Resistenza armata in Italia è il racconto che viene «inventato» per narrare gli eventi passati o la memoria selettiva. Si tratta di uno studio su storia e memoria e sul modo in cui funzionano e sono trasmesse. Basandosi sull'analisi di fonti disparate come le riviste storiche divulgative, le immagini fotografiche e documenti alleati e tedeschi, esso osserva le discrepanze tra i fatti (storia) e la loro narrazione (memoria). Inoltre studia come sono narrati i fatti, come si ricorda e si dimentica, chi è il narratore (testimoni, seconda generazione, collettività) e come ciò influisce sul racconto tramandato. Il testo tenta di capire se c'è una ragione per la forma narrativa scelta e quale potrebbe essere. Prendendo spunto dal funzionamento psicologico della memoria individuale, esso osserva la memoria collettiva e come, nel dopoguerra, l'Italia narrandosi «sceglie» o «inventa» una memoria che le dia una nuova identità.
Bücher zum Thema "History – underground movements"
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Espinosa, Rod. Underground Railroad. Edina, Minn: Red Wagon, 2007.
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Dickson, Paul. Underground. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.
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Ashby, Ruth. The Underground Railroad. Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2003.
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Young, Paul. The underground railroad's busiest escape route. [Georgetown, Ohio: Brown County Historical Society], 2004.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. [Centennial, Colo: Peper Publications, 2008.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. Centennial, Colorado: Peper Publications, 2009.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. [Centennial, Colo: Peper Publications, 2008.
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Humes, H. L. The underground city. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007.
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Kuryshev, I. V. Partizany Zapadnoĭ Sibiri v gody grazhdanskoĭ voĭny: Sot͡s︡ialʹno-psikhologicheskiĭ oblik i povedenie. Ishim: Izd-vo IGPI im. P.P. Ershova, 1999.
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Iskandar, Mohammad. Peranan desa dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan di Sumatera Barat, 1945-1950. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, 1998.
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Desmond, Adrian. „1. Underground Evolution“. In Reign of the Beast, 13–58. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0393.01.
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William Devonshire Saull was a financial kingpin of the political underworld. His wine-trade profits were as essential to the deist-cum-atheist Richard Carlile’s anti-clerical movement in the 1820s as to Robert Owen’s socialism in the 1830s. And Saull’s museum of fossils—forgotten today—was designed to glorify an evolutionary world with its promise of earthly salvation for the downtrodden. This opening section explains why the new understandings of earth history were paramount in the blasphemy/socialist movements, as it sought to shrug off clerical and capitalist control. It details some of the new, untapped sources for dealing with the subject at street level: police spy reports, the newly-digitized London newspapers, and satirical magazines, which left a wide class of readers laughing at Saull’s belief in a monkey ancestry for mankind. The introduction also touches on Victorian sensitivities to explain why Saull, his bankrolling activities and criminal enormities (atheism, socialism, evolution), are so little known. It gives a preview of Saull’s political activities: in London’s first Labour Exchange, in rational schooling experiments, in his materialism as a seditious, anti-theological weapon, and in his help for the emerging working-class activists resisting tithes and clerical oppression. ‘Atheism’ was never a stationary concept, and we track its changes as activists developed new vectors of attack. Science’s multiplicity of meanings for the underclass is also explored. The theme of this section is Saull’s gigantic, free-to-all museum and why it has escaped attention, and how we have to refocus to see it in its true dissident context.
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Simpson, Thula. „Silent Sixties“. In History of South Africa, 195–208. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197672020.003.0015.
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Abstract The chapter begins by considering the contradictions of the grand apartheid policy pursued by Hendrik Verwoerd. Also discussed are attempts at armed infiltration by the exiled liberation movements. This includes the efforts of the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), which resulted in its base in Ongulumbashe in Namibia being destroyed in 1966. It also includes the ANC's reconstitution abroad after the failure of efforts by the likes of Wilton Mkwayi and Bram Fischer to rebuild the internal underground. The attempts of the ANC's External Mission to infiltrate South Africa involved joint operations with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). The most determined effort was with ZAPU, with the unsuccessful Wankie and Sipolilo Campaigns of 1967–8 resulting.
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Struthers, David M. „The Contours of Repression“. In The World in a City, 184–208. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the World War One period in which the federal, state, and local governments in the United States, in addition to non-state actors, created one of the most severe eras of political repression in United States history. The Espionage Act, the Sedition Act, changes to immigration law at the federal level, and state criminal syndicalism laws served as the legal basis for repression. The Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM), Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and other anarchists took different paths in this era. Some faced lengthy prison sentences, some went underground, while others crossed international borders to flee repression and continue organizing. This chapter examines the repression of radical movements and organizing continuities that sustained the movement into the 1920s.
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Piffer, Tommaso. „The Communists Enter the Scene“. In The Big Three Allies and the European Resistance, 59–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826347.003.0004.
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Abstract The German invasion of the Soviet Union marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of the international communist movement. By the end of the war, in most European countries the small and decimated communist parties of 1939–41 had turned into mass parties with millions of supporters. In countries such as Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, France, and Italy, they were strong enough to seize power after the German defeat, at least in theory. But the arrival of the communists on the scene also drastically changed the history of the European resistance, as it brought the struggle for the future of Europe to the very heart of how the resistance movements waged the war. European opposition groups could now play the British and the Soviets off against each other in order to maximize their room for manoeuvre. The Polish underground became a key card in the conflict between the government-in-exile and Moscow. And when a civil war between different resistance groups broke out in the Balkans, the British were forced to decide which side they wanted to support.
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Graulau, Jeannette. „Mining the Underground Wealth of Nations: A Word on Theory and History“. In The Underground Wealth of Nations, 1–29. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218220.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses the place of mining in the history and theory of capitalism. It talks about Adam Smith who explained that of all the expensive and uncertain projects which bring bankruptcy upon the greater part of the people who engage in them, there is none perhaps more perfectly ruinous than the search for new silver and gold mines. However, Adam Smith could not anticipate the innovative industrial force that mining would have in nineteenth-century Britain. Nor did Smith see the force of mining in the movement toward land improvements in northern Europe. Other than reflecting negatively upon the coal mines of England, Smith said very little about the relationship between mining and wealth.
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Simpson, Thula. „Freedom Fighters“. In History of South Africa, 183–94. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197672020.003.0014.
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Abstract Nelson Mandela left South Africa in 1962. During his time abroad, he solicited pledges of military training from Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Morocco. The chapter discusses Mandela's arrest following his return home later that year. The chapter also discusses the rise and fall of Poqo in 1962–3, while the struggle between the State and the Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in the aftermath of Mandela's arrest is also considered. MK's High Command developed Operation Mayibuye, a blueprint for guerrilla warfare, but its leaders were apprehended in a raid on their underground headquarters at Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia in July 1963. Other dissident groups rolled up in 1963-4 were the Yu Chi Chan Club, and the NCL, which renamed itself the African Resistance Movement.
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Callahan, Mat, Robin D. G. Kelley und Kali Akuno. „History, Geography, Language, and Music“. In Songs of Slavery and Emancipation, 42–55. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496840172.003.0003.
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This chapter looks beyond the formal boundaries of folklore or cultural studies. By finding songs and verifying their authenticity, the chapter focuses on other fields that can be roughly categorized as history, geography, and linguistics. It explores the work of certain individuals to give credit where it's due and to aid further exploration of what they pioneered. The chapter then jumps to emphasize that slavery, historically, is a vast subject, international in scope and predating the Atlantic slave trade with which this book is concerned. The chapter explains that even within the confines of the Atlantic slave trade, the evolution of a system took different forms in different regions within the Western Hemisphere, conquered at one time or another by various European powers. The chapter elaborates on the brutal suppression of literacy, public gatherings, and even Christian education of enslaved people in most of the South. It explores the rapid growth of the abolitionist movement, the Underground Railroad, and international opposition to slavery.
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Passie, Torsten. „The Popularization“. In The History of MDMA, herausgegeben von Andrew Dennis, 87—C6N126. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867364.003.0007.
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Abstract Since the early 1980s, the popularity of MDMA has clearly risen. Independently of the activities of Shulgin, knowledge of MDMA spread across the country. The first recreational use documented by drug educators was in Oregon in the late 1970s, and they hypothesized that this drug could well enjoy future popularity. The year 1981 saw the publication of the first detailed article about MDMA in a widely distributed underground journal, followed by a few others. After all human research on psychedelics was stopped in the late 1960s, the Association for the Responsible Use of Psychedelic Agents (ARUPA) evolved as a loosely connected circle, which met at the Esalen Institute, an epicentre of the human potential movement, to promote the therapeutic use of MDMA. The move away from psychedelics to amphetamines by most drug users in the early 1970s also contributed to the popularity of MDMA. However, in spite of some early recreational use in a few nightclubs, MDMA did not really take off until a proselytizing MDMA aficionado began to sell the drug on a broader scale in bars and nightclubs of some Texan cities. As some groups began to see the profits to be made, they began to produce the drug in larger amounts, thus further stimulating demand. The history of two representative groups of underground manufacturers is described. Other parts of this chapter cover the press coverage in 1985 and the role of the Indian guru Rajneesh in the international distribution of MDMA.
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Perheentupa, Inna. „Civic Activism And Feminist Politics In Russia“. In Feminist Politics in Neoconservative Russia, 23–40. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529216967.003.0002.
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In this chapter the reader is provided with the necessary background to and history of civic activism and feminist politics in Russia. The author first introduces five key historical phases of Russian civic activism relevant to studying feminist activism in contemporary Russia. This is followed by discussion of the history of feminist and gender politics in Russia, which addresses the first feminists (ravnopraviki), the Soviet reorganization of gender relations, Stalin’s declaration that the ‘woman question’ had been solved, the Soviet underground feminist group Maria, and the women’s movement that emerged during perestroika and flourished following the demise of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. Finally, the author walks the reader through more recent political developments in Russia in the 2000s that have contributed to the rise of the contemporary feminist movement.
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„The benefits of hybrid ground treatment in significantly reducing wall movement: A Singapore case history“. In Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, 463–70. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203879986-66.
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Mirsayapov, Ilizar T., Rubis R. Khasanov und Danil R. Safin. „RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING OF THE MONUMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND HISTORY - THE BUILDING OF THE SHAMOVSKIY HOSPITAL IN THE CITY OF KAZAN“. In VIII Петрухинские чтения. АО «НИЦ «Строительство», 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2713-1149-2024-30-46.
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The article highlights the measures and technical solutions used in the design of the enclosing structure of the pit for the newly erected underground extension to the Shamovskaya hospital in Kazan, in a pit about 20 m deep. A design feature is that the extension is being built in close proximity to the existing building of the former Shamovskaya hospital. When designing enclosing structures in such conditions, the main task is to solve problems related to ensuring their stability during soil development, as well as working together with the load-bearing structures of the underground structure. The results of the monitoring of the building's building structures during the reconstruction process are also presented. Based on construction monitoring data, the authors analyzed the development of horizontal and vertical deformations of the building foundation in connection with the construction of a deep pit in the immediate vicinity of the load-bearing walls of the building. General settlement deformations of a building are considered as the sum of individual components resulting from the influence of individual technological stages during the construction of an underground extension to the building. As the monitoring results showed, at the time of the study, the values of the maximum settlements (the absolute difference in settlements) of individual sections of the existing building, the horizontal movements of the enclosing structures of the pit did not exceed the limit values established by regulatory documents.
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Fayyaz, Najwa, Naveed Ahsan und Abid Ali. „Advanced Seismic Interpretation, Multivariate Attribute Analysis, and Petrophysical Evaluation Techniques for Holistic Structural and Reservoir Characterization of the Joya Mair Oilfield, NW-Himalayas, Pakistan“. In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2023-0347.
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Abstract Seismic and Petrophysical techniques were applied to illustrate subsurface structural analysis and reservoir characterization. Seismic assessment is essential for characterizing the underground anatomy and analyzing the petroleum prospects of the designated geographical region. Density, Resistivity, Caliper, Neutron porosity, photoelectric absorption (PEFZ), Gamma-ray, and spontaneous potential logs were used to carry out petrophysical analysis. A standard logging mechanism for fracture demarcation has been addressed in the present research. The investigated site is situated in Pakistan’s Upper Indus Basin which is split apart by the Potwar and Kohat regions. Minwal X-1 well located in Joya Mair oilfield has been chosen for this study. The area possesses a triangular domain resulting from compressional tectonic movements. The Minwal-Joyamair field has a distinctive history of hydrocarbon production with complicated stratigraphy and structure. Fracture porosity drives the emergence of Eocene limestone strata. The existence of fractured zones in the Chorgali formation and Sakesar limestone is demonstrated by using well-log responses along with the Secondary Porosity Index (SPI). Researchers can benefit through the method of figuring out hydrocarbon regions with the assistance of traditional well logging. The evidence of fracturing in Eocene limestone is confirmed through all the conventional log responses and cross-plots.
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Godart, B., F. Schmidt, J. J. Brioist, J. P. Deveaud und F. Dias. „Condition Assessment of an Historical Structure: the CNIT Vault in Paris“. In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0552.
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<p>As part of the extension of line E of the Regional Express Rail Network of Paris, it was decided to create an underground station under the CNIT (National Center for Industries and Techniques) located in the business district of La Défense. This project clearly raises the question of the stability of the main vault of the CNIT under the effect of any soil movement caused by the proposed works. This vault, which still holds the world record of span length, was built between 1956 and 1958 on a project of Nicolas Esquillan. The article briefly describes the history of the vault construction, and presents the results of finite element modelling and geotechnical calculations, the results of the destructive and non-destructive tests conducted on the vault, the control of the geometry and reinforcement, the few observed disorders, the condition of the ties and their tension. It draws conclusions on the general condition of the structure from the point of view of its strength and durability. The quality of the work carried out in 1958, both on site and in the design office, the attention paid to the materials chosen and the work processes on site, make this structure age very well.</p>
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Тарасенкова, Т. И. „ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРОТИВ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СМОЛЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ“. In Единство фронта и тыла в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Материалы III международной научной конференции 20 мая 2022 года г. Вязьма. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54016/svitok.2022.74.85.018.
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В статье рассматриваются документы Государственного архива новейшей истории Смоленской области из фондов Западного штаба партизанского движения и подпольных райкомов ВКП(б), в которых имеется информация о преступлениях нацистов и их пособников против гражданского населения на территории Смоленской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны. The article examines the documents of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Smolensk region from the funds of the Western Headquarters of the Partisan movement and the underground district committees of the CPSU (b), which contain information about the crimes of the Nazis and their accomplices against the civilian population in the Smolensk region during the Great Patriotic War.
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Ahmad, Jamal, Wael Sakhr Almessabi und Sarra Husain Alhammadi. „Define Effective Injection Zones and Requirements of High Injectivity of Disposed Water in Heterogeneous Carbonates.“ In GOTECH. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219114-ms.
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Abstract The study examines how subtle geological characteristics like karsts and faults/fractures play a vital role in ensuring effective injectivity in produced water disposal (PWD) wells. It discusses the requirements of produced water disposal and the utilization of integrated geophysical tools to identify heterogeneity and geological features, such as karsts that are proven for good injectivity in produced water disposal wells. Furthermore, it compares the injectivity and performance of two wells targeting the same formation, revealing notable distinctions attributed to rock characteristics. As water production increases in brown fields, there is a need for better water management as well as disposal. The current water production level in the field ranges from moderate to high, and it is projected to nearly double in the next ten years. This increase necessitates substantial focus on water management, water disposal wells planning and most importantly identifying suitable subsurface layer(s) for long term injection without harming the environment. Underground disposal of the produced formation water has many benefits such as minimum or no damage to the environment (Wenrong et al., 2021). This study uses a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating borehole and advanced seismic data, to identify subtle features that improve injectivity in PWD wells. The use of advanced techniques, such as diffraction seismic (Ahmad et al., 2022) and preliminary results from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) (Mason et al., 2023), have significantly improved the understanding of the subsurface by characterizing geological features which are not defined thoroughly using conventional seismic. The integration of supplementary datasets such as dynamic mud losses, logs, Production Logging Tool (PLT) data, injectivity tests, injection performance history and microfrac data have proven to be valuable in delineating effective zones within the target formation. Karst collapse features have been identified as the most effective targets for good injectivity in PWD wells (Ahmad et al., 2022). The reservoir rocks in the study area exhibit high heterogeneity due to randomly distributed karsts and variable rock quality (permeability) layers, which could easily be distinguished by logs, core, and dynamic datasets. To target good zones, it is important to outline the spatial distribution of geological features and consider this while planning wells. The use of advanced geophysical data has resulted in improved subsurface imaging which could not be achieved with conventional seismic data. Understanding the movement of injected PWD after injection is also imperative. Due to the presence of karsts and limited logs/core in the target layer, modeling proved to be challenging. Therefore, two wells have been chosen from the areas characterized by seismic, their comparative performance suggests that the injectivity of the well (Well-1) near the karst collapse zone is almost twice that of the one drilled in a non-karst zone (Well-2). Additionally, analysis of microfrac data from a similar rock unit without karst collapse features indicated specific pressure requirements for maintaining and propagating fractures that may lead to improved injection results. As oil production increases, so does the quantity of produced water. Managing and disposing of this water requires additional wells, suitable subsurface target zones and concerns related to water quality and reservoir damage for long term injection. The integrated method presented in this paper improves subsurface understanding and optimum well planning that leads to good injectivity.