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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Haque, Riffat. „Feminist Discourse In The Muslim Societies“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 2, Nr. 1 (08.09.2009): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v2i1.358.

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The present commentary is an attempt to trace the history of feminism in the Muslims countries and see how far the western feminist frameworks has influenced or provided impetus to the benchmarks, debates and struggles. Women rights agenda any where in the world can not be decontextualized from its history, politics, economy, customs, religion, traditions and geographical location. In the Muslim countries the discourse of women activism against the societal oppression and exploitation has been linked with colonization and state power as well as. Any Study of feminism shows that its meaning changes overtime and place and therefore, diverse nature of feminism in Muslim countries. Muslim women in pursuit of their rights have distanced themselves from many aspects of western feminism. They have faced fieree opposition within their societies. As in Muslim societies feminist agendas are considered as a challenge to Islam and Islamic culture. As elaborated in the article it is seen there is not one "Islamic" position in cultural practices and the contradictory practices are the issue not the Sharia Laws in itself. The women rights agenda are not against Islam rather un- Islamic practices in the societies such as basic rights to health, education, property rights, polygamy, marital status etc.
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Kurt, Ibrahim. „Societies Need New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity: Societies in Harmony (Religious Context)“. International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 23, Nr. 1 (24.06.2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ihya.23.1.7765.

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After many centuries, humankinds have reached today’s time by passing the centuries’ gatherings to their offspring. The civilizations which were established in the different part of the world have had their own culture according to their needs, religions, daily routines etc. One more step from here to cultural and traditional attitudes which were risen and had been started to show them on individual’s behaviors and ideas. During these periods, the individuals specifically have learned and understood life from their societies. So, individuals’ behaviors and attitudes are shaped according to societies what cultural arguments they have. The perception and understanding of arguments can be different in those many centuries but there have -always- been race and ethnicity. The interpreting of the terms specifically has shown itself weakly or strongly from the deep sight of the history till now. This article has a general glance at race and ethnicity for seeking and finding the middle path in the societies. It is important to study on race and ethnicity and to build a new understanding and perspective for humans and how to bring positive ideas for societies and nations.
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Buhlai, Natalia, und Vladyslava Piskizhova. „The Federation of Greek communities of Ukraine: History of formation and activity“. Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (29.12.2021): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.259-274.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine and its activities. Th e research methodology is based on the scientifi c principles of historicism and objectivity with the use of general scientifi c method of analysis and synthesis and a number of specifi c scientifi c methods such as historical-genetic, historical-systemic, ideographic, etc. The scientifi c novelty is determined primarily by the fact that the stated topic has not yet been the subject of a separate scientifi c study. Conclusions. Th e Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine is a leading public institution of the Greek community of Ukraine, formed to protect the national and cultural interests of its members. Now it unites more than 90 Greek societies. Th e achievements and problems of this organizational structure on the way to the realization of the goals and tasks declared by its Statute are analyzed. In particular, the activity of the organization in the following directions is revealed: popularization of history and culture, as well as a revival of national traditions of the Greek people, honouring the memory of its prominent personalities, charity, etc. Th e eff orts of the organization aimed at encouraging the representatives of the Greek community of Ukraine to study the native languages of the Nadazov Greeks – Urum and Rumei, as well as modern Greek as the language of the metropolis (the Hellenic Republic) are refl ected. It has been found that the direct participation of the independent Ukrainian state in the process of material support of national and cultural needs of the Greek community, especially in comparison with the number of funds received from government and public structures of the Hellenic Republic, is insignifi cant. Finally, the role of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine in the interconnected processes of formation of the national-cultural movement of Ukrainian Greeks and the revival of “Hellenism” in Ukraine has been determined. In this context, the concept of “Hellenism” should not be equated with the Hellenistic era but interpreted in terms of “cultural heritage of the Greek people”; Th is is how it is used in their records by the organizational structures of the Greek community in Ukraine, the Greek diaspora, and others.
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Morgan, D. O. „Ira M. Lapidus: A history of Islamic societies. xxxi, 1002 pp. Cambridge, etc.: Cambridge University Press, 1988. £35.“ Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, Nr. 1 (Februar 1991): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00009745.

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TARNAVSKYI, Roman. „Scientific Societies of Students Specialized in Folk Studies at Lviv University in the First Half of the 20th Century: Features of Organizational Principles and Activities“. Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, Nr. 23 (08.06.2022): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2022.22-23.3626.

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The peculiarities of organizational bases of scientific work of students specialized in folk studies at Lviv University at different stages of its history (as the Emperor Franz I Imperial-Royal University of Lviv (before 1918), as Jan Casimir University of Lviv (1919–1939) and as Ivan Franko State University of Lviv) are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the forms of activity of student scientific societies. As a result of the study, it was stated that one of the important components of the organization of folk studies at Lviv University were student scientific societies, organized directly on the initiative of students interested in various fields of folk studies. One of the first such societies – the Ethnographic Circle – emerged at the Geographical Institute of the Emperor Franz I Imperial-Royal University of Lviv. The Circle of Students of Anthropological Sciences of the Jan Casimir University of Lviv have been active since the late 1920s. It differed from similar student societies in other universities in its efforts to develop links between anthropology, ethnology, and prehistory. The society also taxed the connections of these sciences with related branches of scientific knowledge – the history of law, sociology, etc. This direction contributed to the search for new methodological approaches to solving c problems of folk studies. The activities of the Circle of Anthropological Sciences were supported (in particular, financially) at the level of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Poland, the leadership of Lviv University and its professors Jan Czekanowski, Adam Fischer, Leon Kozłowski, associate professors and doctors. This activity contributed to the improvement of professional training of future scientists, and at that time – students. Scientific work, organized within the framework of student scientific societies, was also developed at Ivan Franko State University of Lviv. In particular, in the first postwar years a Circle of Folklore and Ethnography was organized, Mykhailo Skoryk took care of this society. One of the important components of the society’s activity was the organization of field trips of students in order to record folklore and ethnographic materials.
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Laugu, Nurdin. „The Roles of Mosque Libraries through History“. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 45, Nr. 1 (25.06.2007): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2007.451.91-118.

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Since the formation of the Islamic society by Prophet Muhammad, mosque libraries fulfilled several important roles that deserve scholarly attention. Therefore, this article elicits the significance of these various roles within Muslim societies through Islamic history. Until present day, almost all mosque libraries provide a variety of collections, concerning both religious and non-religious issues, such as social science and education. In line with these roles, this paper presents different examples of mosque libraries that, through history, contributed significantly to the development of Islamic civilization, like the library of the al-Azhar mosque in Egypt, the Grand Mosque Library in Cordova, etc. In addition, several aspects determining the (in)significance of mosque libraries through history, such as library management and factors contributing to the stagnation of mosque libraries, are investigated.
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Klymov, Valeriy. „Tolerance of inter-confessional relations: state, problems and perspectives“. Religious Freedom, Nr. 17-18 (24.12.2013): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2013.17-18.997.

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Problems of interreligious relations at all levels - from interchurch to personal - accompanied religious communities throughout the history of their existence, gaining for various reasons the severity and urgency of the solution in some periods, and entering the channel of calm, everyday and business coexistence, into other . At one point in history, the antagonism of relations between religions and their representatives has repeatedly become the reason for the violent conversion of other peoples to their faith, the religious wars of several decades, large-scale manifestations of fanaticism, crusades, persecution of Jews, religious terrorism, etc.; in other historical secrets (no matter how short they were), tolerant relations between carriers of different confessions in multi-confessional societies created conditions for a coordinated solution of national problems, contributed to political understanding, mutually enriching coexistence of ethno-religious communities, ensuring the stability of societies and states
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Oleksenko, Roman, Vladyslav Parkhomenko und Olha Perepeliuk. „Antiquities of Northern Black Sea Region and Bessarabia on Pages of Eparchy Publications in Pre-Soviet Era“. Eminak, Nr. 2(42) (15.08.2023): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).649.

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The purpose of the publication is to study the informational potential of local church periodicals for modern archaeological science. The scientific novelty is in drawing the attention of the archaeological community to non-standard sources of obtaining information for the history of archaeological science and the formation of generalizing information about archaeological sites and finds of material culture. Conclusions. It can be stated with certainty that ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ can serve not only as a source for the history of archaeological science (in terms of the participation of the clergy and church societies in the accumulation of archaeological knowledge), but also as a direct source of information on finds, their location, and nature. The entire amount of material related to archeology, presented in the studied collections of the ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’, can be divided into 3 main groups: 1) authoritative orders on the protection of antiquities; 2) reports about church institutions (societies, commissions, museums); 3) analytical reviews on localities and settlements. The first group of materials shows the process of involving the clergy in the process of discovering and preserving cultural and archeological sites. The participation of the clergy in the Archaeological Congresses in Kyiv and Odesa is also associated with this group. A great number of publications of ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ are represented by materials on the activities of local church-archaeological societies – reports of the societies, event chronicles and details of some meetings, research materials, etc. An important source of historical and local lore information about settlements and their outskirts is historical and statistical analytical reviews, which were regularly published in ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’. One of the sections of such reviews was ‘Archaeological Sites’, where it was necessary to describe ramparts, settlements, burial mounds, caves, pile (lake) structures, dolmens, Stone Age sites (kjoekkenmoeddinger), etc. Many reviews contain interesting material for modern archeology not only in the context of the history of science but also in practical terms, pointing to the places of disappeared sites, found troves, and single finds.
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Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. „Gewalt und Religion. Eine religionswissenschaftliche Untersuchung zu den anthropologischen Ursachen und kulturellen Überformungen der Gewaltanwendung unter Menschen“. Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 58, Nr. 2 (2006): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007306776562044.

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AbstractIntra-species killing occurs in all known human societies as well as among chimpanzees as wars between different groups. This parallel may be the product of a common evolution as both species are the closest biological relatives. Unlike apes, however, human beings not only compete for territories but also for power in general, goods, etc. As the product of mankind's further evolution, religions legitimate this inter-group violence.
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Bashirov, Magomed Said-Emievich. „On the History and ethnogenesis of Salatavia and Western Dagestan (Prisulak) societies“. Genesis: исторические исследования, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.4.35573.

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This article examines the question of continuous presence of ethnic Chechens in the territory of historical region of Salatavia (the Republic of Dagestan), as well as substantial part of Western Dagestan (Prisulak regions), at the very least since the turn of the XIV – XV centuries and later. The author explores extensive material that is based on the documental, written and ethnographic sources of the XVIII – XXI centuries, as well as toponymy of the designated region – materials on the region of Salatavia, society Koisubu (Hindalal), Didoi (Tsezy), Andia, Gumbet, Ahvakh (Sada-Kilidu), Terek-Sulak interfluve (including Aukh and such centers as Endirey), coastal settlements of Sulak (Chir-Yurtsk), etc.. Based on the aforementioned sources, the author indicates the most considerable role and participation of Chechens in the ethnogenesis of population of these regions and settlements. The article traces the sequence of sources of the XIX – early XX centuries in reflection of ethnic affiliation of the local population and its closeness to the Chechens. Leaning on the data from various sources, the author reveals the Chechen origin of the first rulers of Salatavia from the privileged Sala-Uzdeni social class. The author determines the change in the ethnic balance of the region, which took place under the influence of various factors, including military and political. The conducted analysis  is proven by extensive bibliographical sources that testify to the ethnic commonality of the region throughout the early and late medieval periods. The author notes the migration of ethnic Chechens from Dagestan to Chechnya, perhaps under the pressure of other ethnoses during the XIV – XVI centuries. This process comes to an end by the time of Shamil’s rule. The research presents a fundamentally new perspective upon the ethnogenesis of the societies under review.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Osborne, Thomas W. (Thomas William). „The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations : 1933-1939“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23731.

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This thesis examines and assesses the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations from 1933 to 1939. The first chapter outlines the Peace Treaties of Versailles, Trianon and St. Germain and their effect upon the increased German minority in Europe. This body of Germans in countries outside Germany, Austria and Switzerland are referred to as the Volksdeutsche. The policies of the Weimar Government towards the German minorities in Europe are then examined. The second chapter outlines the minority policy of the National Socialist Party and various prominent National Socialist leaders. Chapter three outlines the major non-National Socialist and National Socialist Germandom organizations. Particular emphasis is given to the Verein fur Deutschtum im Ausland or the VDA, the Volksdeutscher Rat or the VR, Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP or AO, the Buro Kursell and the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle or VoMi. Chapters four through six deal with the events that lead to the Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations. Although the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations maintained a degree of independence from Nazi influence from 1933 until 2 July 1938, there was never any doubt that eventually the National Socialist Germandom organizations would gain ascendancy over them. In late 1936, the National Socialist Germandom organizations began to achieve lasting power and influence. By 1938, the non-National Socialist Germandom organizations were virtually impotent. The Gleichschaltung of the Germandom organizations, therefore, mirrors the Gleichschaltung that occurred on all levels of society in Germany following Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor on 30 January 1933.
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Marwick, Sandra M. „'Sons of Crispin' : the St Crispin societies of Edinburgh and Scotland“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4195.

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City of Edinburgh Museums and Galleries hold a substantial collection of artefacts and record books donated in 1909 by the office bearers of the Royal Ancient Order of St Crispin. This organisation was the final reincarnation of the Royal St Crispin Society established around 1817. From 1932 the display of a selection of these objects erroneously attributed their provenance to the Incorporation of Cordiners of Canongate with no interpretation of the meaning and use of this regalia. The association of shoemakers (cordiners in Scotland) with St Crispin their patron saint remained such that at least until the early twentieth century a shoemaker was popularly called a ‘Crispin' and collectively ‘sons of Crispin'. In medieval Scotland cordiners maintained altars to St Crispin and his brother St Crispianus and their cult can be traced to France in the sixth century. In the late sixteenth century an English rewriting of the legend achieved immediate popularity and St Crispin's Day continued to be remembered in England throughout the seventeenth century. Journeymen shoemakers in Scotland in the early eighteenth century commemorated their patron with processions; and the appellation ‘St Crispin Society' appeared in 1763. This thesis investigates the longevity of the shoemakers' attachment to St Crispin prior to the nineteenth century and analyses the origin, creation, organisation, development and demise of the Royal St Crispin Society and the network of lodges it created in Scotland in the period 1817-1909. Although showing the influence of freemasonry, the Royal St Crispin Society devised and practised rituals based on shoemaking legends and traditions. An interpretation of these rituals is given as well as an examination of the celebration of the saint's day and the organisation and significance of King Crispin processions. The interconnection of St Crispin artefacts and archival material held by Scottish museums and archives is demonstrated throughout the thesis.
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Weiss, Lauren Jenifer. „The literary clubs and societies of Glasgow during the long nineteenth century : a city's history of reading through its communal reading practices and productions“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26616.

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This thesis uses the minute books and manuscript magazines of Glasgow’s literary societies as evidence for my argument that the history of mutual improvement groups—including literary societies—needs to be re-written as a unique movement of ‘improvement’ during the long nineteenth century. In foregrounding the surviving records, I examine what it meant to be literary to society members in Glasgow during this period. I discuss what their motivations were for becoming so, and reflect on the impact that gender, occupation and social class had on these. I demonstrate that these groups contributed to the education and literacy of people living in the city and to a larger culture of ‘improvement’. Further, I argue that there is a case to be made for a particularly Scottish way of consuming texts in the long nineteenth century. In Glasgow, there were at least 193 literary societies during this period, which I divide into four phases of development. I provide an in-depth examination of two societies which serve as case studies. In addition, I give an overview and comparison of the 652 issues of Scottish and English society magazines I discovered in the context of a larger, ‘improving’ culture. I offer possible reasons why so many literary societies produced manuscript magazines, and show that this phenomenon was not unique to them. These magazines fostered a communal identity formed around a combination of religion, class, gender and local identity. I determine that societies in England produced similar types of magazines to those in Scotland possibly based upon the Scottish precedent. These materials substantially contribute to the evidence for nineteenth-century mutual improvement societies and their magazines, and for working- and lower-middle class Scottish readers and writers during the long nineteenth century, social groups that are under-represented in the history of reading and in Victorian studies.
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Go, Kin-ming Joseph, und 吳建明. „Nostalgic musicians in North Point: a survey of Fujian Nanyin activities in Fujian Tiyuhui, from 1957 to thepresent“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227351.

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James, Kevin 1973. „The Saint Patrick's Society of Montreal : ethno-religious realignment in a nineteenth-century national society“. Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27944.

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This study explores the effects of ethno-religious tensions on the dynamics of fraternalism in nineteenth-century Montreal. With the Irish "national society" as its focus, it relates the internal politics of the Saint Patrick's Society of Montreal to broader narratives of the cultural, intellectual and institutional evolution of civil society in Lower Canada. Beginning with an overview of sources and a discussion of early Irish migration, it proceeds to explore the effects of emerging social and political patterns and ethno-religious identities on a middle-class fraternal project from the early nineteenth-century to the dissolution of the Saint Patrick's Society in 1856.
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Holmes, David. „Crowned in shamrocks erin't Broad Acres : the emergence of the Irish Catholic community in Yorkshire, and the evolution of the West Riding's forgotten Irish rugby clubs, 1860-c 1920“. Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9080/.

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This thesis examines the emergence of the Irish Catholic diaspora in the industrial diocese of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and the evolution of the West Riding's forgotten Irish rugby clubs, 1860-c 1920. In addition to considering the contributions of Irish immigrants in the history of rugby football this thesis explores their religious, nationalist, social and cultural experiences, set within the wider history of Irish immigration in England. The history and establishment of parochial and non-parochial Irish Catholic rugby clubs in the West Riding can be traced back to the 1870s. Diasporic Irish Catholics settled in the county have always been part of rugby football since it's inception, albeit, at a much slower and punctuated rate than that observed among English Protestant communities. The foremost aim of this thesis is to scrutinise the rugby antecedents of Irish Catholics domiciled in the manufacturing centres of the West Riding during the Victorian and early Edwardian periods. In the late nineteenth century, towns and cities across the West Riding had become the great citadels of rugby football. Rugby attracted much participation, giving rise to the Catholic Church establishing its own internalised parochial rugby clubs, which were intended to improve the spiritual and physical well-being of its poor Irish adherents. This thesis, moreover, examines the establishment of non-parochial Irish rugby clubs which acted as sporting auxiliaries to Irish nationalist clubs. Finally, this thesis investigates those opportunities which allowed some working-class Irish Catholics to participate in games of rugby league outside of their own ethno-religious clubs for some of the county's senior professional rugby clubs. Since the main objective of Irish nationalist organisations was to offer financial support and political muscle to the Irish Parliamentary Party, this thesis will argue that the establishment of non-parochial nationalist Irish rugby clubs initially centred on the sport's by products, "gate-money".
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Loicq, Aline. „Aux origines de la discipline littéraire: le sens de la communauté. une histoire des Bonnes Lettres 1450-1545“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211648.

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Wahlstrom, Christine M. „Vereinsleben in Indianapolis : the social culture of the liberal German-American population as reflected in the design of community buildings, 1851-1918“. Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1136710.

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Beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century, a thriving German immigrant community could be found in the city of Indianapolis. The more liberal members of the German community established organizations which catered to their athletic, intellectual, and social needs. This community life was called Vereinsleben, from the German words for club/association (Verein) and life (Leben). Fitting homes were needed for the clubs. Thus, several structures central to the Vereinsleben of the liberal German community were constructed. The buildings were built to be recognized as the homes of these clubs and to provide all the necessary facilities. This thesis examines the history of the community as well as the individual clubs and uses the buildings as documents in that process.
Department of Architecture
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Kleber, Michaela Y. „Gendered Societies, Sexual Empires: French Colonization Among The Illinois“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091816.

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This dissertation reconstructs the gender and sexuality structures of Indigenous Illinois society in order to explain how these structures, including the Illinois recognition of four genders, guided French colonization in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. I argue that while the Illinois has considerable military, economic, and diplomatic power throughout their relationship with the French, French colonists established a stable foothold in Illinois by mobilizing their knowledge of Illinois gender and sexuality. At the same time, the Illinois drew on French and Native gender practices to contain French expansion and behavior. From this understanding of Illinois gender structures, it becomes clear that the Illinois-French relationship was not that of a parent to a child, as the French then cast it, but rather a marriage. As such, this dissertation plots French colonization in terms of Native marriage, which recognizes both that the French were a colonizing force and that the Illinois had considerable power throughout the encounters.
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Yohn, Elizabeth K. „The Use of History in Migrating: Cases from the Haitian Diaspora“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626725.

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Bücher zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Hammond, John. The H.G. Wells Society: The first forty years, 1960-2000 : a short history. Bottesford, Nottingham: The Society, 2000.

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Jenkinson, Jacqueline. Scottish medical societies, 1731-1939: Their history and records. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993.

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Atsuko, Hasegawa, und Shiraki Nancy S, Hrsg. Hōsha: A pictorial history of Jōdo Shinshū in Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: International Print., 1989.

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Fennell, Roger. History of IUPAC, 1919-1987. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1994.

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Johnson, Henrietta. "Confidently rumoured": The Dickens Fellowship Toronto Branch : the first one hundred years ... Toronto: Dickens Fellowship, Toronto Branch, 2005.

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Association, Ontario Horticultural. The Story of Ontario Horticultural Societies 1854-1973: And their contribution to making the province a more beautiful and better place in which to live. Breslau, ON: Ontario Horticultural Association, 2006.

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Ferry, Joseph. The history of African American civic organizations. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003.

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ed, Nolan Patrick 10th, Hrsg. Studying Human societies: A primer and guide. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2006.

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Wichmann, Alfried. Alfried Wichmann: Lützenkirchen und die Welt : ausgewählte Festreden 1964-2002. Leverkusen: Opladener Geschichtsverein von 1979 e.V. Leverkusen, 2011.

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1945-, Andrew Donna T., Hrsg. London debating societies, 1776-1799. [London]: London Record Society, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Hill, Kim. „4. Anthropological and Evolutionary Demography“. In Human Evolutionary Demography, 71–106. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0251.04.

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Demography was once a subfield of the social sciences dedicated to the statistical study of birth and death rates and the mathematical description of these vital rates (function fitting). This also included an empirical examination of proximate factors that affect vital rates. Anthropological demography focused mainly on small scale (non-Western) societies, and employed interpretations drawn from so-called “anthropological theory” (eg. Howell 1986; Campbell and Wood 1998; Kertzer and Fricke 1997; Bernardi 2007). Cross cultural comparisons were a mainstay of the field. In the past 30 years, however, anthropological demography changed significantly, to become a theoretically informed study of mortality and fertility, and other age-related biological features. The theory is based on an evolutionary perspective that can unite human demographic studies with those of other primates, mammals, and vertebrate species (eg. Hill 1993; Kaplan 1996; Vaupel 2010, Blurton Jones 2016). This transition expanded the field from the study of vital rates, to one including research on growth, development, aging patterns, etc., (physiological, cognitive, emotional mechanisms) that are strongly theoretically tied to mortality and fertility schedules (eg. Ketterson and Nolan 1992; Rickleffs and Wikelski 2002; Kaplan and Gangestad 2005; Kirkwood and Austad 2000). These important changes in the field emerged primarily from the injection of Life History Theory from biology into the social sciences. A fundamental proposition of evolutionary biology is the recognition that fertility and mortality are the two components of individual fitness. Hence all phenotypic adaptations that act on one or both of these components will evolve via natural selection. From this view it is clear that the mechanisms of fertility and survival are key biological adaptations and can only be fully understood in the context of evolution.
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Berriane, Yasmine, Annuska Derks, Aymon Kreil und Dorothea Lüddeckens. „Making Sense of Change: Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation—An Introduction“. In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_1.

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AbstractIn this introductory chapter the authors discuss ways of studying change that go beyond a chronology of events and sweeping laws of evolution and that take into account the ways in which people live through, experience, desire, create, and challenge change. How can we‚ at the same time‚ gain a longue durée perspective on societal transformations and give a truthful account of the ways our different interlocutors describe, name, and understand the changes they are living and the kinds of future they expect? The authors first situate this question within broader disciplinary debates, focusing particularly on debates in anthropology and its focus on studying history and change through ethnography. Ethnography is a crucial instrument for uncovering and analyzing the relationship between emic and etic perspectives of change, as well as the complex and often contradictory interplay of continuity and change beyond linear periodization and teleological presuppositions. The authors argue for a combination of multiple methods of investigation that borrow from both ethnography and other methods of data collection and analysis, and for an analytical framework that articulates three levels of analysis: the unit of analysis, the empirical data and the metanarratives of change.
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Váradi-Csema, Erika. „‘Behind The Fence’ : An Interdisciplinary Perspective“. In Criminal Legal Studies : European Challenges and Central European Responses in the Criminal Science of the 21st Century, 15–32. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.evcs.cls_1.

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The policy of a country’s legal area carries all the historical, legal history, political, socio-psychological, social, etc. the direct and indirect imprint of processes that it had to face in the past decades. This is also true for criminal policy. Moreover, there are few areas of law where the relationship between individual factors is so complex and multidirectional. The specific forms of state responses to crime and actions against behavior that offends or endangers society can change quickly, responding sensitively to society’s (perceived or real) expectations. After all, the basic phenomenon, the causes of crime, are also complex, and it is only possible to determine in retrospect which of the factors influencing illegal behavior played a specific role in its creation – at the same time, whether was the chosen criminal policy directions good. In the case of Central and East-European countries, however, there are common events that connect their past and present, and at the same time help us understand their responses to crime. Belonging to the former Soviet bloc can be considered as such – even if its ideological, political and economic influence was different in certain regimes. Similarly shared, mostly cataclysmic socio-psychological experience for the societies of these countries is system change and all its negative accompanying phenomena, from the economic crisis to the crisis of values and the loss of trust in state bodies. And although the accession to Council of Europe, and to the European Union (or its intention) provides a new common framework for the current existence of criminal policy, the strong demand for public safety remained a marked feature of this region.
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Dermendzhieva, Stella, und Tamara Draganova. „Scientific-normative specifics of grouping countries in geography and economics training“. In The Overarching Issues Of The European Area - Moving towards Efficient Societies and Sustainable Ecosystems, 289–300. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-9082-88-5/ovea21.

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Studying the continents, regions and countries of the world is the most enduring course of study in school geography along with the home country course. In the history of the development of geographical science and the methodology of training geography, the problems of classifying, grouping and typologizing countries in the world have been studied in depth by many scientists and methodologists. In the noosphere and times of digital transformations, the diversity of criteria and indicators for the division of continents, regions and countries is increasing. Every country in the world has specific features and characteristics that predetermine the similarities and the differences between individual countries at the continent and regional level, which makes it possible to classify and group them. Appropriate indicators are needed to characterize the countries according to a given criterion, but with the clear distinction that countries are classified by the criteria and grouped by the indicators. State educational standards and curricula for junior high school stage, first and second high school stage were studied, and the indicators and signs in the grouping of the contries were normatively followed. The place and role, the content and the requirements for the activity of the action - grouping in the normative framework, which is also present in the activities for the acquisition of the key competences related to the 9 groups of key competences, have been studied. In the curricula of geography and economics for general education and profiled preparation, the overall conceptual framework of regionalization and the geography of society has been transformed with clearly perceptible normative requirements for grouping countries according to clearly defined indicators - geographical location, area, number of population and form of government. In the overall didactic cycle for grouping the countries in the school geography in Bulgaria, specific competencies are required on the part of the teachers to realize the expected results through a different form and manner, modern training methods and techniques, various didactic means and resources. An electronic resource that has a universal and simplified interface and a large number of operational possibilities, through which geographical maps can be created for the didactic purposes of school geography, is MapChart. MapChart is an electronic platform for online work that has unlimited possibilities for implementing countries grouped by various indicators. Each teacher can create an unlimited number of author's geographical maps, as well as save them and create their own gallery, and also import the maps in presentations, posters, text, etc. With MapChart, every teacher and student can create their own personalized geographic map. The research thesis encompasses the competence to group countries according to normatively defined indicators. The research proves the existence of a synergistic-normative unity between the educational stages and a model is proposed for realizing the expected results through an electronic platform. For the study of the normative framework, the indicators and the required competences, the following objectives were fulfilled: the state educational standards and curricula in geography for the study of continents, regions and countries were analyzed; the features of the procedural requirements for the characterization of a country and specific grouping of countries are identified and presented; the place and the role, the content and the requirements for the action have been studied - grouping in the normative framework; presentation of the situational vision of the competence for grouping the countries in relation to the 9 groups of key competences; software programs have been studied and MapChart has been proposed to achieve the expected result of grouping countries by indicator as an opportunity to create an author's geographical map. Content analysis, situational analysis, comparative analysis, synthesizing, summarizing, and other techniques have all been used in the current study of the competence for classifying the countries according to the state educational standards and curricula in geography and economics
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Hiley, David. „The Plainsong & Mediaeval Music Society, 1888-1988“. In Music in the Medieval English Liturgy, 1–7. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780193161252.003.0001.

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Abstract A volume of centennial essays calls for a historical introduction, an outline of the history and aims of the Plainsong & Mediaeval Music Society. Unfortunately, any attempt to write such an account runs into a more or less insuperable obstacle: the lack of early records of the Societys activities. Some early publications list members of the Society, and one can be found in the first volume of Paléographie musicale Various editions of Grove’s Dictionary state the original aims of the Society—‘to be a centre of information in England for students of plainsong and medieval music, to publish facsimiles of important manuscripts, translations of foreign works, etc.; to form a catalogue all plainsong and measured music in England dating from before the mid-16th century; and to found a choir (The New Grove Dictionary, article by H. C. Colles revised by the present author).
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Vanhees, Luc, und Mats Börjesson. „Cardiovascular screening of adult/senior competitive athletes“. In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, herausgegeben von Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson und Sanjay Sharma, 352–58. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0039.

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Regular physical activity at moderate to intense intensity provides substantial health benefits. Therefore individuals should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. However, acute bouts of moderate to vigorous exercise may induce cardiovascular (CV) complications, such as malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death/arrest (SCD/SCA), in adults and seniors, mainly due to known or occult cardiovascular disease. The rationale for cardiovascular evaluation and screening is to minimize these dangerous cardiac complications and to ensure safe participation in competitive or leisure-time sports. In individuals engaged in moderate to intense leisure-time physical activities or sporting activities, cardiovascular evaluation should be based on theidentification and severity of the underlying cardiovascular disease. The extent of the evaluation should depend on the intended level of physical activity, the habitual level of exercise and the individual risk profile. Several recommendations for screening, evaluation, and eligibility, given by international societies in Europe and the USA, are discussed. For adult/senior competitive athletes, screening should consist of, at least, personal and familial history (including symptoms), clinical examination, resting ECG, and graded maximal exercise testing, with the last of these mainly in subjects with increased CV risk. Depending on the underlying disease or risk, additional examinations may be required.
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Coats, Andrew JS, Biykem Bozkurt und Petar M. Seferović. „Universal definition of heart failure“. In The ESC Textbook of Heart Failure, herausgegeben von Petar M. Seferović, Andrew J. S. Coats, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker, Johann Bauersachs und Giuseppe Rosano, 3–10. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198891628.003.0001.

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Abstract In early 2021, the Heart Failure Society of America, the Heart Failure Association of European Society of Cardiology, and the Japanese Heart Failure Society (JHFS) proposed a new universal definition of heart failure (UDHF). Four other associations endorsed the proposal: the Canadian Heart Failure Society, the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, the Heart Failure Association of India, and the Chinese Heart Failure Association. The reasons underlying the UDHF were many but importantly included the need to define heart failure (HF) easily and reproducibly as an essential step for standardization, so that accurate comparisons can be made across geographies, health systems, and timelines. A reliable UDHF will also aid in research, clinical practice, and quality and safety improvement activities. Unlike chronic kidney disease (CKD), HF cannot be defined by a numerical abnormality in any single parameter. HF is a clinical syndrome involving a commonly accepted composite of signs, symptoms, and investigative findings that are recognized as forming an identifiable disease state. This chapter reviews the history of HF definitions and outlines the advantages of the 2021 UDHF proposed by several international cardiology societies. It outlines how staging of HF can be aided by the UDHF and how the four-stage classification of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association can be adapted to the UDHF, and how this can aid our appreciation of the progression from risk factors for HF through early asymptomatic disease through to mildly and severely symptomatic disease. The chapter also reviews the many uses of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to subclassify HF and also its limitations, and describe four classes of HF according to ejection fraction (EF), HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), and HF with improved EF (HFimpEF). The chapter discusses the concept and usefulness of HF disease trajectories and finally outlines future uses of the UDHF in clinical practice, registries, audit, research, advocacy, and patient education.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Ardava-Āboliņa, Laura. „30 Years after the Barricades of January 1991: Media Event for the Transfer of Collective Memory and Knowledge of History“. In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.74.

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In the middle of pandemic, January 2021 marked the 30th anniversary of the Barricades of January 1991. Media events have the function of transmitting social memory and teaching history to an audience of children, young people, and people who do not have these memories in their personal experience. Sociologist John Thompson introduced the concept of ‘mediated historicity’ almost two decades ago. He explained that most individuals in Western societies gained their knowledge on 20th century history primarily from media products (Thompson, 2004). The study analyzes the discourses of remembrance of the Barricades in the most popular media in Latvia: “Latvian Television”, www.delfi.lv, Channel TV, www.tvnet.lv, “Latvian Radio 1” (Media Literacy of the Population of Latvia: Quantitative Research, 2020), paying particular attention to the content of the remembrance (exhibitions, concert programs, memories, documentaries, photo competitions for young people, book openings, etc.). The theoretical basis of the research is formed by the theoretical approaches of media event and mediated historicity. Media messages was analyzed with the discourse historical method by Ruth Wodak. The research results confirm the impact of the current epidemiological situation on the sense of the commemoration forms and the emotions of the participants, new educational dimension and orientation towards the past.
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Trifković, Srđa. „DEHRISTIJANIZACIJA: TEMELJ SUMRAKA ZAPADA“. In MEĐUNARODNI naučni skup Državno-crkveno pravo. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/dcp23.343t.

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Exactly one hundred years have passed since the publication of the final edition of Oswald Spengler’s Twilight of the West. His gloomy predictions are coming true in a bizarre and even monstrous manner. The accelerated pace of the postmodern twilight requires the use of not so long ago completely unknown terms, such as “transgenderism,” “critical race theory,” “intersectionality,” “white privilege” etc., not to mention the ever-growing number of letters associated with the LGBTQ+ cult. We are witnessing a civilizational and moral decline unprecedented in history. The current twilight of the West has numerous secondary manifestations, such as the celebration of deviance as a laudable “lifestyle,” the imposition of multiculturalism and unrestricted immigration from the Third World, the demonization of the white, heterosexual male as the source of the so-called toxic muscularity etc. This article aims to penetrate the roots of the post-postmodern, increasingly posthuman ideological foundation of the West-as-ideology. It is found in de-Christianization, which began in Italy in the late Renaissance, received its mature form in the French Enlightenment, and today has a chthonic, distinctly thanatological character. Euro-globalist and American-hegemonic forms of madness are only apparently different. They share the same hatred towards traditional, spontaneously emerging societies and cultures. The differences between the two models of Sunovrat are not in the different concepts of global political and ideological monism, but above all in the pace and the means of implementing the cultural and moral revolution.
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Kriner, Jeffrey B., Bradford P. Lytle und John C. Lauri. „An Equipment Reliability Strategy and Maintenance Program for Improving the Reliability of Cranes at Commercial Nuclear Power Facilities“. In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48467.

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Many commercial nuclear power facilities have been in operation well over 20 years, and many facilities have been or will have their original 40 year operating license renewed for an additional 20 years. The anticipated stresses to plant equipment and the longer service life increase the challenge to maintain reliable equipment performance. Establishing equipment maintenance programs that are effective and compliant with applicable regulations is critical to avoid unplanned equipment unavailability and the potential costs of lost generation. An equipment reliability (ER) strategy for commercial nuclear power plant equipment is described that considers the programmatic recommendations of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations ([1], [2]), Electric Power Research Institute ([3], [4], [5], [6]), Nuclear Energy Institute standard nuclear business model [7], Nuclear Regulatory Commission ([8], [9], [10], [11]), and industry societies and working groups, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ([12], [13]). All ER strategies must properly implement mandatory requirements and commitments ([14], [15], [16]). Additionally, ER strategies should also consider the appropriate manufacturer/vendor recommendations, industry and plant personnel operating experience feedback, equipment operating and maintenance history information, etc. As a result, the ER strategy includes reviewing multiple information sources to inform the decisions to either include or exclude the specific maintenance activities that impact reliability. Ultimately the maintenance program is tailored for each equipment application and implements the necessary maintenance activities while avoiding the cost of performing unnecessary maintenance activities.
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Reingold, Leonid, Aleksandr Solovev und Elena Reingold. „Socioeconomic technologies – development trends in the age of digitalization“. In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27706c3e14.59191136.

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Dramatical changes in society’s infrastructure require new conceptual approaches towards the research of socioeconomic phenomena. Nowadays, environment surrounding people experience qualitative changes; it has become possible to use full information on the history of objects. It is essential to develop a conceptual framework enabling to thoroughly describe the interaction of an individual and a socioeconomic environment that is changed by digital technologies. In this article, it is suggested to use the concept of socioeconomic technology in the context of exploration of digitalization processes. These include the Internet of things, big data processing, widespread implementation of personal tools to process and share information etc. The concept of socioeconomic technology allows tying up new technologies with the needs of an individual and society as well as with phenomena emerging in socioeconomic infrastructure. The suggested approach may be used at the development and implementation of the Internet of things, of global communication infrastructure, of technologies for processing and storage of data, and for the research of other aspects of society’s digitalization. Today it is possible to research different directions for the development of consumption sphere and technologies taking into account the emergence of virtual properties of objects. Virtual properties result for example in multiple ways to implement things, in the possibility to store and use the full history of major objects surrounding an individual. Conceptual framework suggested in this article allows holistically addressing the issues of commercial efficiency and socioeconomic management in the age of digitalization.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "History – Societies, etc"

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Кучерган, Єлизавета Валеріївна, und Надія Олександрівна Вєнцева. Historical educational experience of the beginning the twentieth century in the practice of the modern higher school of Ukraine. [б.в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2139.

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The author of the study analyzes and determines the features of the introduction of new forms of education in the highest historical pedagogical institutions of Ukraine in the early twentieth century. In particular: colloquiums, excursions, rehearsals, the organization of scientific sections of students and societies. Colloquiums were held to discuss the creative work of students. Proseminars prepared students for participation in seminars. Excursions prepared students for scientific work and taught them to collect information about historical monuments. Interviews and rehearsals took an important place in the revitalization of academic activity of students in universities. During the interviews, students learned to express their thoughts freely. Rehearsals were used as a means of monitoring the progress of students. An important component of the preparation of the future teacher of history was the organization of scientific student sections and societies. The main forms of their work were: the discussion of scientific reports, the publication of periodicals, the creation of libraries, museums, etc. The most talented students took part in scientific sections and societies. Thus, higher education institutions created prerequisites for the education of gifted young people. The publication also reveals the specifics of the practical training of students. The practical component included not only pedagogical, but also museum practice. In addition, pedagogical institutions of higher education conducted educational excursions, literary and musical evenings, organized social, sanitary and charitable activities. The author of the publication not only explores the features of various forms of education, but also the possibility of using them in the practice of the modern higher pedagogical institution in Ukraine.
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The Competitive Advantage of Nations: A Successful Experience, Realigning the Strategy to Transform the Economic and Social Development of the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xiqr3861.

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Why do the new economy and welfare societies recommend a new station on the long journey towards competitiveness initiated within the framework of “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, published as long as 25 years ago? A little more than twenty-five years ago, the Basque Country decided to equip itself with its own development strategy, undertaking to meet the challenge of designing its own future. The Basque Country aspired to give itself the maximum degree of self-government as a nation without a State, following its release from a long dictatorship which had plunged it into autarchy and isolation from the Western democracies around it, limiting its ability and responsibility to shape its own destiny and to offer its Society the highest standards of welfare, facing one of the greatest economic, political and social crises of its history and suffering from the ravages of terrorism within an economy castigated by soaring unemployment above 25%, a drop in its GDP, the fall, like dominoes, of its key industrial sectors, locked into the monoculture of the steel and metal working industry, outside the Europe which was being constructed by the then Economic Community of the Six, marginalized as a peripheral area from the future axis and development of the so-called “blue banana” of the London-Milan backbone and with an incipient and inexperienced administration, full of youth and enthusiasm, and a business world undergoing conversion, learning to live with a trade union phenomenon that the former dictatorship had bypassed. Faced with this complex and exciting challenge, those of us who had the privilege of addressing the aforementioned proposal, interpreting (by means of our analyses, as well as the wish to make our desires and dreams come true) the main keys to explain the state of the world economy, the main trends of change and their foreseeable impact on the Basque economy (“What the world economy taught us”), began the task of defining what we call “A strategy for the modernization and internationalization of our economy and our Country” trying to give some meaning to the role expected of the new players (States, city-regions, provinces, etc.), a role in which our small Country, with features of a City-Region, a sub-national entity, an invertebrate area on the two sides of the Pyrenees, could assume the figure of co-protagonist and provide society with a prosperous future. We also needed the framework and tools desirable for tackling the success strategy. We identified the gap between the needs that would be generated by the new paradigms and the tools offered by the existing political-economic framework (contents, skills, potential developments), accompanied by our own Country-strategy, with special emphasis on the initiatives, factors and critical vectors our society would demand and its aspirations for well-being and development. Within this context, the Basque Government approached Michael E. Porter, his ideas and concepts of the moment, and we began a collaborative process (which lasts until this day), constructing much more than our “Competitive Advantage of the Basque Country” in a thrilling and unfinished “Journey towards Competitiveness and Prosperity”. The Basque Country enjoys the privilege of having been the first nation to apply, in a strategic and comprehensive manner, the concepts which, a few years later, came to light in the prestigious publication we celebrate today, titled “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, which has inspired the design of numerous policies and strategies throughout the world, which has brought about a proliferation of followers, which has trained instructors and which has generated a large number of new researchers and academics, new policy makers, new instruments for competitiveness and extraordinary levels of prosperity throughout the world. Since then, we have shared our own particular project which, alive and changing, responds to the new economic and social challenges and conflicts by constructing and applying a Country strategy with distinctive achievements and results beyond our economic environment. It lies within the conceptual framework inspired by the complementary tripod of Michael E. Porter's conceptual movement in his Competitive Advantage (Competitiveness, Shared Value Initiative and Social Progress) and our contributions learned from day to day in keeping with our vocation, identity, will and commitment. It is a never-ending process based on a model and a way of understanding the former pledge to give ourselves a single strategy designed by and for people.
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