Thematische Bibliographien / History of the horse

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „History of the horse“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "History of the horse"

Bokonyi, SàNdor. „HISTORY OF HORSE DOMESTICATION“. Animal Genetic Resources Information 6 (April 1987): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900004089.

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SUMMARYThe wild ancestor of the present day domestic horse was equus ferus Woddaert which included two distinct sub-species - the tarpan and the taki or the Ptzevalsky horse. The tarpan is the main ancestor of the- Present day domestic type. Its domestication irst started in East Europe in the Neolithic period from where it spread in different directions, moving in successive waves to the Carpathian Basin and Moravia in the west, Caucasus in the southeast and Mesopotamia in the Near East, finally reaching western Europe in the Bronze Age.The early domestic horses were small compared to present day animals, measuring only 137 cm at the withers. They were chiefly used to provide mobile power - either draught or riding. Later, during the Iron Age, the Scythians brought these eastern horses to Austria, Italy and Greece, where they were much in demand for their superior power and size, a result of conscious breeding by the Scythians. In contrast, the horses indigenous to the western half of Europe, represented by the Celtic horse, were smaller and slender. These were later improved by crossing with the eastern Scythian horses. From the Greeks, the eastern horses reached the Romans and contributed to the development of the Roman horse.,

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Kusliy, Mariya A., Anna A. Yurlova, Alexandra I. Neumestova, Nadezhda V. Vorobieva, Natalya V. Gutorova, Anna S. Molodtseva, Vladimir A. Trifonov et al. „Genetic History of the Altai Breed Horses: From Ancient Times to Modernity“. Genes 14, Nr. 8 (26.07.2023): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14081523.

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This study focuses on expanding knowledge about the genetic diversity of the Altai horse native to Siberia. While studying modern horses from two Altai regions, where horses were subjected to less crossbreeding, we tested the hypothesis, formulated on the basis of morphological data, that the Altai horse is represented by two populations (Eastern and Southern) and that the Mongolian horse has a greater genetic proximity to Eastern Altai horses. Bone samples of ancient horses from different cultures of Altai were investigated to clarify the genetic history of this horse breed. As a genetic marker, we chose hypervariable region I of mitochondrial DNA. The results of the performed phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of our and previously published data confirmed the hypothesis stated above. As we found out, almost all the haplotypes of the ancient domesticated horses of Altai are widespread among modern Altai horses. The differences between the mitochondrial gene pools of the ancient horses of Altai and Mongolia are more significant than between those of modern horses of the respective regions, which is most likely due to an increase in migration processes between these regions after the Early Iron Age.

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Ilnytska, T. Y., O. V. Sydorenko, Yu S. Yagusevich und N. M. Leshchenko. „POLESYE HORSE: HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND CURRENT SITUATION“. Animal Breeding and Genetics 59 (04.05.2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.59.15.

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Introduction. The world is actively in the process of improving the productive qualities of livestock, including horses to meet the needs of society. At the same time, less competitive aboriginal breeds and populations are being displaced, which are characterized by slightly lower productivity, but are well adapted to environmental conditions. In 2002–2019, breeding herds of agricultural animals of many breeds disappeared in Ukraine, including such genetically “valuable” ones as brown Carpathian cattle, Myrhorod pig breed, Ukrainian meat-wool (Kharkiv type)sheep breed and others [1, 2]. In terms of intensive progress in agriculture, given the great anthropogenic and man-made shocks of the twentieth century (wars, Chernobyl accident), the flora and fauna of Ukraine were threatened by significant reductions, especially forest and swamp ecosystems of Ukrainian Polissya, which formed with large wild and domesticated ungulates. Among them is the Polesye horse, which has been in this area for more than 4.000 years, but is now almost extinct [3, 4, 5]. It is necessary to restore and expand the population of Polesye horses as a basis for biodiversity of Ukrainian Polissya and as part of the cultural heritage of the region. Materials and methods of research. The materials for the research were archival data, literary and scientific sources that contain information about the origin of the Polesye horse, as well as the results of an expeditionary survey of the horse population of private rural estates of the Polesye horse. The main measurements of the horse's body were determined: height at the withers, oblique length of the body, chest girth, cannon girth. A comparative analysis of measurements of modern horses of Ukrainian Polissya with those bred in this area in the 50s of the last century, as well as with the animal population of the Belarusian part of the region (Western and Eastern Polissya) was conducted. Research results. According to researchers, the Polesye horse originates from wild ancestors – forest tarpans, who lived in Polissya until the 18th century. For a long time, the Polissya horse was bred "in itself" in the conditions of unsatisfactory feeding and excessive use at work. This has led to a reduction in size, the appearance of exterior-constitutional features (stepping of the hind limbs, low heels of the hooves, the proximity of the hocks). But on the other hand, there are high adaptive qualities, unpretentiousness to the conditions of detention and high efficiency. The main place of distribution of horses is determined by Ukrainian and Belarusian Polissya [5, 7, 8, 9]. In the 40's and 50's of the last century, Polesye horses were actively improved. For this purpose, local mares were crossed with stallions of Russian Heavy Draft and Orlov Trotter [6]. During the 50–60s of the last century, scientists of the Belarusian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry studied and examined more than 1.000 horses of the Polesye population [9]. It is worth paying attention to the experience of Belarusian scientists who, within the framework of the state program of revival and development of Polissya, conduct research and work on the restoration of horses of the Polesye breed. A comprehensive analysis was carried out: basic measurements were taken and the exterior of the horses was assessed, materials on breeding use and productivity were collected. This became the basis for the development of the main directions of selection and breeding work with the population [3, 4, 10, 11]. Until 2019, no work was carried out in Ukraine to assess and restore the population of Polesye horses. In 2019, the first survey of horses in Ukrainian Polissya was conducted in independent Ukraine in order to find typical representatives of the Polesye population. Comparing the exterior of the horses described in the source [6] with those encountered during the expedition, we selected typical representatives of Polesye horses and brought them to the stable "ShcherbatyTsugli" in the Prybirsk village, Ivankiv district, Kyiv region, where the climate and fodder the base is favorable and "native" to these animals. Currently, the herd of horses of the Polesye population consists of 9 mares and 1 stallion. To compare the horses of the modern population with those bred in Belarus, as well as the typical representatives that were described in the last century, we determined the body measurements of selected horses. According to the results of the analysis, the mares of the modern "Ukrainian" population were 2.7 cm taller than the representatives of the Polesye population in 1952, but 2.3 cm inferior to the Polesye horses of Belarus. The oblique length of the mares' torso and the girth of the breasts had the same tendency as the height at the withers. That is, the horses of the Polesye population of Ukraine insignificantly outnumbered the typical representatives of the individuals described in the last century and were similar to the Belarusian population. Given this, we can conclude that despite the use of the method of crossbreeding in the past, the horses of Ukrainian Polissya in general have preserved the exterior-constitutional type of their ancestors. The same opinion is shared by other researchers, who believe that only those horses that had the appropriate size and features of the exterior could adapt to the conditions of Polissya [3, 11]. Ethnographers and historians-reconstructors also take part in studying the population of "Polesye" horses. After all, in addition to biological significance, the Polesye horse, which has long been used in agriculture, has acquired a deep ethnographic significance. Ethnographers have recorded the facts of the use of the horse in rituals, in particular actively in wedding rituals. Thus, the historical and cultural component of the study is an essential complement to this program and provides a comprehensive study of the history of the Polesye horse. Polesye horses can be used for the development of green, ecological, rural andequestrian tourism. Conclusions. The population of Polesye horses is one of the oldest in Europe and has been on the territory of Ukrainian Polissya for more than 4.000 years, but has now almost disappeared. Expeditionary surveys of Ukrainian Polissya allowed to select typical representatives of Polesye horses and to create a basic herd in the conditions of the farm "ShcherbatyZugli" in the Prybirskvillage, Ivankiv district, Kyiv region. Modern horses of the Polesye breed, which are similar in appearance and size to those described in the 1950s, can serve as a basis for the restoration of the Polesye population. It is important to develop a selection program for the restoration (reconstruction) of the Polesye horse population in order to preserve not only biodiversity, but also the cultural heritage and national heritage of Ukrainian Polissya.

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Walker, T. J., S. N. Collins und R. C. Murray. „Horse walker use in dressage horses“. Comparative Exercise Physiology 8, Nr. 1 (01.01.2012): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep11015.

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Horse walkers have become popular in the modern exercise regime for dressage horses, however recent investigations of injury risk factors have indicated a significant association between horse walker use and lameness. A detailed telephone questionnaire was conducted to document horse walker usage and assess whether horse walker use could predispose dressage horses to lameness. Information on horse walker features and use, and individual horse lameness history was recorded. Chi-squared tests were performed to identify horse walker variables associated with lameness. Although analyses failed to establish a direct link between lameness and any specific horse walker feature, the high proportion of lame horses in this study suggests that there is an underlying and, as yet, unidentified cause of lameness related to horse walker usage.

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Zhong, Ye. „Consider How Horses Play a Role in Leading the Silk Road and the Development in Eurasian History Between Han to Song Dynasty“. Communications in Humanities Research 4, Nr. 1 (17.05.2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/4/20220212.

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To find out how horses, to an extent, led to the formation and development of the Silk Road in Eurasian history during the Han to Song dynasty, how and when horses became pervasive will be discussed. Veterinary materials, xiangma, and methods of horse treatments would be compared between east and west to show the existence of early horse culturesuch comparison resulted in a common and established horse culture among Erusian countries during Song.

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Radovic, Lara, Viktoria Remer, Carina Krcal, Doris Rigler, Gottfried Brem, Ahmed Rayane, Khadija Driss et al. „Y Chromosome Haplotypes Enlighten Origin, Influence, and Breeding History of North African Barb Horses“. Animals 12, Nr. 19 (27.09.2022): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192579.

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In horses, demographic patterns are complex due to historical migrations and eventful breeding histories. Particularly puzzling is the ancestry of the North African horse, a founding horse breed, shaped by numerous influences throughout history. A genetic marker particularly suitable to investigate the paternal demographic history of populations is the non-recombining male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY). Using a recently established horse MSY haplotype (HT) topology and KASP™ genotyping, we illustrate MSY HT spectra of 119 Barb and Arab-Barb males, collected from the Maghreb region and European subpopulations. All detected HTs belonged to the Crown haplogroup, and the broad MSY spectrum reflects the wide variety of influential stallions throughout the breed’s history. Distinct HTs and regional disparities were characterized and a remarkable number of early introduced lineages were observed. The data indicate recent refinement with Thoroughbred and Arabian patrilines, while 57% of the dataset supports historical migrations between North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. In the Barb horse, we detected the HT linked to Godolphin Arabian, one of the Thoroughbred founders. Hence, we shed new light on the question of the ancestry of one Thoroughbred patriline. We show the strength of the horse Y chromosome as a genealogical tool, enlighten recent paternal history of North African horses, and set the foundation for future studies on the breed and the formation of conservation breeding programs.

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SKUPNIEWICZ, Patryk. „Sasanian horse armor“. Historia i Świat 3 (10.09.2014): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2014.03.03.

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The goal of the paper is to define general types and the evolution of horse armor employed by elite warriors of Sasanian Iran, basing on literary sources and iconographical evidence with minor reference to archaeological finds in wider Eurasian perspective. The horse armor was an important part of cavalry equipment already in the chariot warfare however its re-emergence in mounted combat occurred when heavy cavalry was developed. The article divides Sasanian horse armor into several groups: 1. One-piece body protection, which overall cover mounts body the way modern horse blankets do. Within the group one may find following subgroups: 1.a Caparisons – known from numerous works of art (rock reliefs illustrating scenes of mounted combat at Firusbad and Nakš e Rostam as well as the on so-called Shapur cameo currently held in Louvre) having long Near Eastern and Eurasian tradition. 1.b Scale barding – which in fact is a sort of caparison covered with metallic scales sewn onto textile horse blanket, testified by literary sources, known from archaeological evidence from Dura Europos (despite the fact that these examples belonged to Roman cavalry, it is clear that they were fashioned in Iranian manner). Scale bardings of the type are known also from the works of art like graffito from Dura Europos, Trajan’s column, sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian Tang e Sarvak frieze. 1.c Chain mail horse armor – lacking strong and direct evidence from Sasanian period, iconography which may depict horses protected with chain-mail is rather crude however despite hypothetical nature, this sort of horse armor is very likely employed in Sasanian warfare. 2. Bardings composed of multiple elements and fragmentary bardings covering a part of the mount. Again these this group can be divided into two sub-groups: 2.a Full lamellar/laminar barding – can be identified on the sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian frieze Tang e Sarvak as well as on the seals of Late Sasanian spahbedan. They find numerous Central Asian (Old Turkic) and Far Eastern refernces. 2.b Fragmentary barding, best known from Taq e Bostan sculpture of an equestrian figure but with Central Asian, Chinese and Byzantine references. Following phases of barding development in ancient and early mediaeval Iran can be determined: 1. Late Achaemenid when armored cavalry required some protection for horses after employing shock tactics and subsequent close combat. 2. Mid Parthian, influenced by invasions of the steppe dwellers initiated by Xiong Nu expansion. Developed locally later. 3. Late Sasanian – resulting from contacts with Turkic warriors who transmitted some Eastern military technologies to Iran and through Avar influence to Europe.

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O’Dell, Nicolize, Luke Arnot, Chris Eric Janisch und Johan CA Steyl. „Clinical presentation and pathology of suspected vector transmitted African horse sickness in South African domestic dogs from 2006 to 2017“. Veterinary Record 182, Nr. 25 (08.03.2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104611.

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African horse sickness (AHS) is a fatal vector transmitted viral disease of horses caused by the African horse sickness virus (AHSV). This disease is characterised by circulatory and respiratory failure, resulting from vascular endothelial injury affecting many organs. The susceptibility of dogs to AHS has been demonstrated in the past following experimental infection through consumption of infected horse meat. Thirty three clinical cases of AHS in dogs (cAHS) have been documented, without a history of ingesting infected horse meat, over a period of 12 years. The clinical cases included in this study presented with a history of acute respiratory distress syndrome or sudden death. The macroscopic and histological changes were mostly characterised by acute interstitial pneumonia, serofibrinous pleuritis and mediastinal oedema. Confirmation of cAHS was obtained by AHS specific NS4 antibody immunohistochemistry and/or AHSV specific duplex real time RT-quantitative PCR. Here, we document the clinical and postmortem diagnostic features of confirmed cAHS cases with no history of ingestion of AHS infected horse meat.

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Orlando, Ludovic. „The Evolutionary and Historical Foundation of the Modern Horse: Lessons from Ancient Genomics“. Annual Review of Genetics 54, Nr. 1 (23.11.2020): 563–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-011805.

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The domestication of the horse some 5,500 years ago followed those of dogs, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs by ∼2,500–10,000 years. By providing fast transportation and transforming warfare, the horse had an impact on human history with no equivalent in the animal kingdom. Even though the equine sport industry has considerable economic value today, the evolutionary history underlying the emergence of the modern domestic horse remains contentious. In the last decade, novel sequencing technologies have revolutionized our capacity to sequence the complete genome of organisms, including from archaeological remains. Applied to horses, these technologies have provided unprecedented levels of information and have considerably changed models of horse domestication. This review illustrates how ancient DNA, especially ancient genomes, has inspired researchers to rethink the process by which horses were first domesticated and then diversified into a variety of breeds showing a range of traits that are useful to humans.

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Murphy, Sherra. „‘Many attend chiefly in search of pleasure’: the Great National Horse Show at the Royal Dublin Society, 1868–80“. Irish Historical Studies 47, Nr. 171 (Mai 2023): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.7.

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AbstractThis paper explores the foundation of the Dublin Horse Show from 1868–80, when it was held at the Royal Dublin Society's (R.D.S.) headquarters on Merrion Square. Early iterations were intended to address the depletion of the equine population in the mid-nineteenth century, a matter of concern for agriculture and industry, but also for those with an interest in sport and horses as opportunities for leisure. Horse shows arose nearly simultaneously in Ireland and England as intersections between associational culture, agricultural improvement and a burgeoning middle-class leisure sphere established animal shows as instruments for improving breeding, but also as forms of entertainment. The popular success of horse shows fostered the development of economic clusters, as local businesses began to depend on them as reliable sources of annual income. They also reflected equestrian sport's migration from largely elite pursuits into popular recreation, including competitions that would eventually lead to the modern sport of showjumping. The events established at the early R.D.S. Horse Show are still recognisable today in their combination of improvement and leisure based in the promotion of Irish horses as exemplars of sporting excellence.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "History of the horse"

Mitsuda, Tatsuya. „The horse in European history, 1550-1900“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/248783.

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The dissertation, which bears the title ‘The horse in European history, 1550-1900’, breaks new ground in our understanding of European history by making sense out of the history of a continent once dominated by and dependent on horses. By placing the horse at the centre, the PhD, which adopts a broadly cultural historical approach, proposes to rise above the blindness of historians living within a post-equine age. Positing the concept of the ‘equine economy’, the thesis strives to comprehend the behaviour and beliefs of those involved within a world – split between the ‘riding’, ‘driving’ and ‘walking’ – in which conflict raged over access to, ownership of, knowledge about, and antipathies towards the horse. Revealing the extent to which the riding classes – who preferred the breeding of saddle horses and whose exalted opinions on equine matters were forged perched high on horseback – exerted a domineering influence over the equine economy, the thesis points to their possession of hippological knowledge, military pride in the cavalry arm, control of state studs, and institutional presence in veterinary schools and equestrian academies as evidence of horsemen’s power, which held firm until at least the end of the eighteenth century. But the thesis argues that, during the course of the nineteenth century, the driving classes, who favoured the breeding of draught horses and whose views were untainted through romantic associations with the ‘noble’ creature, dethroned the rider from his high horse, challenged the notion of ‘rider’s vision’, and consequently altered the nature of the equine economy, so that it better served the needs of wider society. Such was the collective impact of activities like horseracing and the circus (hippodrama), which placed the horse and not the rider on centre stage, that they ultimately prepared the basis on which commerce, agriculture, industry, and science could lay claim to the horse – not as something special, but as a traded product like any other. Even so, the demise of riding and the rise of driving was neither a simple nor linear process, with horsemen responding frequently to the challenges that a new way of looking at horses posed, leading, the thesis argues, to initiatives, such as steeplechase racing and long-distance events, that were designed to re-establish the pre-eminence of horsemen into the late nineteenth century. By the same token, the urban environment, which saw pedestrians enter the fray as opponents of ‘driving’, sparked off fears about the powers that the walking mob could wield, facilitating the revival of ‘riding’ – in the form of mounted police or cavalry – as a useful means of quelling social and political unrest during the same period. Ultimately, the thesis advocates a nuanced approach – which does justice to the variety, diversity and complexity of the role, use and position of the horse within European history – believing that such a holistic perspective allows for a much closer understanding of the dynamics of a world dominated by and dependent on horses.

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Warmuth, Vera Maria. „On the origin and spread of horse domestication“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246227.

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For several decades, the origin of domestic horses has been the focus of research across multiple disciplines, yet many aspects of the horse domestication process remain poorly understood. One of the reasons for the difficulty in establishing a coherent scenario of horse domestication is that archaeological, mtDNA, and Y chromosome data have yielded ambiguous results, possibly because each class of markers reflects different aspects of the domestication process. In this thesis, I use large autosomal genetic datasets from horses sampled across Eurasia to investigate the origin and spread of horse domestication. I begin by characterising genetic diversity of horses from the Eurasian steppes and neighbouring regions, thus laying the groundwork for a more thorough analysis into the demographic history of horses. I then investigate the origin and mode of spread of horse domestication in the Eurasian steppe region using a spatially explicit genetic model. I show that horse domestication was initiated in the western part of the steppes, and that the spread of horse domestication involved both movement of domestic herds and extensive recruitment of wild horses from across this vast region, a scenario which integrates both archaeological and molecular evidence. Having established the route of spread of early domestic horses out of their domestication origin in the western steppe, I go on to investigate the routes and levels of gene flow among Eastern Eurasian horse populations post-domestication. I show that the ancient Silk Roads have played an important role in shaping the genetic structure of Eastern Eurasian horses, facilitating gene flow across deserts and high mountain chains. Finally, I provide further compelling evidence for the persistence of wild horses in the Iberian Peninsula throughout the Holocene period, and the substantial contribution of these local populations to the gene pool of Iberian domestic horses. Together, my results provide a coherent picture of the origin and spread of horse domestication, integrating for the first time previous evidence from archaeology, mtDNA and Y chromosome sequence data.

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Demers, Alanna. „They Kill Horses, Don't They? Peasant Resistance and the Decline of the Horse Population in Soviet Russia“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459521486.

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Kleppertknoop, Lily. „"Here Stands a High Bred Horse": A Theory of Economics and Horse Breeding in Colonial Virginia, 1750-1780; a Statistical Model“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626711.

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Mohler, Sarah Lynn. „The Bones of the Horse: A Personal and Cultural History“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1587401648900525.

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Cathers, Kerry. „An examination of the horse in Anglo-Saxon England“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271183.

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Fages, Antoine. „The genomic history of horse domestication and management : an ancient DNA perspective“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30329.

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Parmi tous les animaux domestiques, le cheval est sans aucun doute celui ayant le plus influencé l’histoire des peuplements humains. Le cheval domestique a d’abord fourni à de nombreuses civilisations des ressources primaires essentielles telles que la viande et le lait. Utilisé pour sa force physique et comme moyen de transport, il a eu de profondes conséquences sur les mouvements de personnes et de biens ainsi que sur la diffusion de cultures et d’idées à travers l’Eurasie. Le cheval a ainsi fortement contribué à l’expansion de sociétés et d’empires pendant des millénaires, et ce jusqu’au vingtième siècle. Les différentes étapes de la domestication du cheval restent cependant mal comprises d’un point de vue archéologique et sont complexes à retracer à partir des données génétiques recueillies sur les races chevalines actuelles. L’émergence de la génomique ancienne au début des années 2010 a révolutionné la biologie de l'évolution, en donnant un accès direct à l’histoire des populations anciennes et actuelles. Elle est donc particulièrement adaptée pour étudier la transition historique induite par la domestication du cheval. En s'appuyant sur les dernières avancées en matière d’extraction d'ADN ancien et des technologies de séquençage d’ADN à haut débit, ce travail de doctorat vise à décrypter les modifications génétiques sous-jacentes au processus de domestication du cheval. Pour se faire, nous avons généré le plus grand jeu de données génomiques anciennes jamais rassemblées sur un organisme non humain. Celles-ci ont révélé que les chevaux domestiqués pour la première fois à Botai, dans le nord du Kazakhstan, il y a environ 5 500 ans, ne sont pas les ancêtres des chevaux domestiques ayant vécu pendant ces dernières ~4 100 années. Ce sont les ancêtres des chevaux de Przewalski, que l’on pensait jusqu’alors totalement sauvages. Cette découverte inattendue suggère qu'un remplacement majeur de la population de chevaux domestiques a eu lieu au cours du troisième millénaire avant notre ère, contribuant probablement à faire entrer l'humanité dans l'âge du Bronze. En outre, ces trois années de recherche ont permis d'identifier les signatures génétiques associées à différentes stratégies d’élevage du cheval et ont révélé les dynamiques évolutives en jeu lors des étapes clés de la domestication. En particulier, il ressort des analyses de génomes anciens que les chevaux ibériques n’ont contribué que marginalement à la création du cheval domestique tel qu’on le connaît aujourd'hui. Ce travail de thèse a par ailleurs permis de détecter une influence croissante des chevaux perses dès le début du Moyen Age
Among all domesticates, the horse can confidently be considered as the animal that most impacted the history of human dynamics. Once they domesticated the horse, human civilizations got hold of essential domestication products including meat and milk, but also invaluable secondary products, such as fast transportation and powerful workforce. The horse thus deeply enhanced the circulation of people, goods, culture and ideas, promoting the spread of vast military and political units across Eurasia up until the 1900s. The various steps underpinning horse domestication are however difficult to track in the archaeological record and still poorly understood based on patterns of DNA variation among modern breeds. In the last decade, the advent of ancient genomics has revolutionized evolutionary biology by providing a direct window into the past history of populations. Ancient genomics therefore provides the necessary time travel machine to investigate the key historical transition in the history of humankind that was induced by the horse domestication. Leveraging the latest advances in ancient DNA recovery and High-Throughput sequencing technologies, this PhD project aimed at deciphering the genetic changes underlying the horse domestication process by generating the largest ancient genome dataset for a non-human organism, spanning the whole temporal and geographic range of horse domestication. This dataset revealed that horses first herded at Botai in Northern Kazakhstan ~5,500 years ago are not the ancestors of modern domestic horses but instead of modern Przewalski’s horses, previously thought to represent last true wild population on Earth. This major discovery also suggests that a swift genomic replacement in the domestic stock took place in the third millennium BCE, probably contributing to precipitating humankind into a new metal era, the Bronze Age. Additionally, this PhD work identified the genetic signatures associated with different management strategies and the evolutionary dynamics at play within distinct domestication stages. In particular, we were able to rule out Iberia as a major contributor to the modern domestic stock and moving towards more recent times, we characterized the growing influence of Persian-like horses starting in the early Middle Ages

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Wilson, Marcus James. „A history of New Zealand's military horse: The Experience of the Horse in the Anglo-Boer War and World War One“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/959.

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The horse is an essential component of New Zealand's social, environmental, economic and military history, yet despite this obvious truth, it is a topic which was been overlooked by New Zealand historiography. The horse's role throughout our history has been identified by prominent environmental historians as an area in desperate need of examination; however, it is one yet to be undertaken. As far as New Zealand history books would suggest the horse was good for the racing industry and little else, and even within these histories, its origins seem to be of little historical significance. In military histories much has been written on the impact of New Zealand troops during the Anglo-Boer War and World War One, with emphasis placed on the role of mounted infantry in the many military histories published over the past century. Yet an examination of the specific experience of the horse has been ignored. Veterinary histories have been produced which give detailed accounts of the role and care of the horse, but offer nothing which provides a picture of the war experience from the horse's point-of-view. In an effort to start filling the gap in New Zealand's equine historiography,this thesis will use the late nineteenth and early twentieth century military context as a microcosm for the history of New Zealand's horse. By first tracing the history of the horse through 5,000 years of military experience to its early-nineteenth century New Zealand origins, the history of New Zealand's military horse will explore issues of environment, role, mobilisation, transport, care and casualities to create an informed hypothesis of what New Zealand's military horse experienced in these two moderm wars. The nature of war is awful in itself, but when animals are unconsciously included in the context, as horses were in these two modem wars, the impact of the experience is nothing less than horrific.

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Collin, Yvette Running Horse. „The Relationship Between the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas and the Horse| Deconstructing a Eurocentric Myth“. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10266897.

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This research project seeks to deconstruct the history of the horse in the Americas and its relationship with the Indigenous Peoples of these same lands. Although Western academia admits that the horse originated in the Americas, it claims that the horse became extinct in these continents during the Last Glacial Maximum (between roughly 13,000 and 11,000 years ago). This version of “history” credits Spanish conquistadors and other early European explorers with reintroducing the horse to the Americas and to her Indigenous Peoples. However, many Native Nations state that “they always had the horse” and that they had well established horse cultures long before the arrival of the Spanish. To date, “history” has been written by Western academia to reflect a Eurocentric and colonial paradigm. The traditional knowledge (TK) of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, and any information that is contrary to the accepted Western academic view, has been generally disregarded, purposefully excluded, or reconfigured to fit the accepted academic paradigm. Although mainstream academia and Western science have not given this Native TK credence to date, this research project shows that there is no reason—scientific or otherwise—that this traditional Native claim should not be considered true. The results of this thesis conclude that the Indigenous horse of the Americas survived the “Ice Age” and the original Peoples of these continents had a relationship with them from Pleistocene times to the time of “First-Contact.” In this investigation, Critical Indigenous Research Methodologies (CIRM) and Grounded Theory (GT) are utilized in tandem to deconstruct the history of the horse in the Americas and reconstruct it to include cross-cultural translation, the TK of many Indigenous Peoples, Western scientific evidence, and historical records. This dissertation suggests that the latest technology combined with guidance and information from our Indigenous Peoples has the power to reconstruct the history of the horse in the Americas in a way that is unbiased and accurate. This will open new avenues of possibility for academia as a whole, as well as strengthen both Native and non-Native communities.

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Vandenbergh, Stefanie Josepha Emilie. „The story of a disease : a social history of African horsesickness c.1850-1920“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2828.

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MA
African horsesickness is a disease endemic in Sub Saharan Africa affecting horses, a non-native species, which are extremely susceptible to this disease. Both the ‘dunkop’ form (with its dramatic high fever, laboured breathing, frothy nasal discharge and sudden death) and the ‘dikkop’ form (with its swollen head and eyes and bleeding in the membranes of the mouth and eyes) have been visited upon equine populations and their human owners in successive epidemics through the earliest colonial settlement until recent times. This thesis traces the development of veterinary science in South Africa and the effect it had on the changing ideas surrounding African horsesickness. It explores not only the veterinary progress in the country but also the impact of the progress on African horsesickness as other diseases received attention. The discussion traces the disease from one of the major epidemics ever encountered in the country, in the mid nineteenth century, to the beginning of the development of veterinary services in South Africa when little was known about African horsesickness. It illustrates the implications of a country's struggle with animal disease, the reasons for a lack of knowledge and the ramifications of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute’s interventions. This thesis shows that African horsesickness not only had an impact on the veterinary developments of the country but was also indirectly involved in the South African War, 1899-1902. It demonstrates the impact of disease during wartime while illustrating the importance of horses during such difficult times. Thus, this thesis draws on works on animal diseases and on social history to explore not only the effect African horsesickness had historically on equines, but the effects it had more broadly on southern African society. This study is intended to bring insight into the social history of the disease itself: how it was experienced by livestock owners and also how settler and indigenous efforts were turned towards combating this dramatic disease.

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Bücher zum Thema "History of the horse"

Lemon, Andrew. The history of Australian thoroughbred racing. Prahran, VIC: Hardie Grant Books, 1987.

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Helen, Douglas-Cooper, Hrsg. Horse facts. New York: Fall River Press, 2009.

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Helen, Douglas-Cooper, Hrsg. Horse facts. Kent [Great Britain]: Grange Books, 1998.

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Tozer, Basil. Horse in history. Whitefish, MT]: Kessinger Pub., 2009.

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The horse in Virginia: An illustrated history. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2009.

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Temple, Robert. The Pilgrams would be shocked the history of thoroughbred racing in New England. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2009.

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Temple, Robert. The Pilgrams would be shocked the history of thoroughbred racing in New England. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris, 2009.

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Astrid, Harrisson, Hrsg. The majesty of the horse: An illustrated history. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barrons Educational Series, 2011.

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Clee, Nicholas. Eclipse: The horse that changed racing history forever. New York, NY: The Overlook Press, 2012.

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Jockey Club (New York, N.Y.), Hrsg. The Jockey Club's illustrated history of thoroughbred racing in America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "History of the horse"

Paipetis, S. A. „The Trojan Horse“. In History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 169–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2514-2_19.

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Costa, Lais R. R. „History and Physical Examination of the Horse“. In Manual of Clinical Procedures in the Horse, 27–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118939956.ch3.

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Bell, Sinclair W., Christian Jaser und Christian Mann. „Towards a Global History of Horse Racing“. In The Running Centaur, 1–7. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247654-1.

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Jun, Seong Ho. „Old Wealth Horse to New Wealth Ox“. In Agriculture and Korean Economic History, 3–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9319-9_1.

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Lovett, Lisetta, und Alannah Tomkins. „Road traffic accidents: from horse carriages to motor vehicles“. In Medical History Education for Health Practitioners, 15–17. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781908911025-5.

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Wagg, Stephen. „‘The partnership of the horse and its rider’“. In Cricket: A Political History of the Global Game, 1945–2017, 36–59. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315733210-4.

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Hale, C., H. Warren und A. Hemmings. „The fermentation of hay and starch when incubated in vitro with faecal inoccula from either normal healthy horses or horses with a history of laminitis“. In Forages and grazing in horse nutrition, 357–61. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-755-4_48.

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Helgadóttir, Guđrún. „Event communities.“ In Humans, horses and events management, 16–17. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0016.

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Abstract This chapter explains the concept of an event community and how this applies to 'the world of the Icelandic horse', as the members of the Icelandic equestrian culture fondly call their community. The chapter further provides an overview of the equestrian associations that form the backbone of this community devoted to the Icelandic horse on an international and national level. The history, mission, activities and structure of the associations are provided as background to Landsmót, the National Championships of the Icelandic horse.

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Recker, Indigo. „Horse Operas Talk Back: History, Memory, and the Black Cowboy Performing“. In The Western and Political Thought, 137–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27284-4_9.

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Hollands, Teresa. „Horse Information Required to Check Dietary Adequacy as Part of a Dietary History“. In Evidence Based Equine Nutrition, 22–54. GB: CABI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245134.0003.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "History of the horse"

McCorquodale, M. S., und V. Gupta. „A history of the development of CMOS oscillators: The dark horse in frequency control“. In 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2011.5977872.

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Zhang, Haibin, und Aiqing Yin. „An Interpretation of the History and Culture of the Chinese Kazak Folk Dance “Black Horse”“. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassee-18.2018.43.

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Miller, David, Lilly Denief, Raine Flick, Abigail Domagall und Shannon Kobs Nawotniak. „ANALYSIS OF THE EMPLACEMENT, COMPOSITION, AND ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF THE HORSE BASIN RHYOLITE NEAR BRUNEAU, IDAHO“. In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368850.

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Beneytez, Rafael, und Ophelia Mantz. „The Tobogan House: Revisiting the History“. In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.62.

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As both a practitioners and an educators there is not a strong division between these two activities in our work. Our research is the foundation of our practice and vice-versa; our practice is a laboratory for our research. Teaching is a journey that involves the transition between both. We would like to present this project as a conversation that juxtaposes several different canonical precedents. After guiding our students in the critical use of precedents through teaching, conversations, and discussions, we asked ourselves: “how many of the decisions made originated with voices that we admire from the past?” With this question in mind we realized, through a client’s description of a commission for a private home, that several canonical projects could be directly referenced. We began the project by translating the client’s spatial desires and descriptions with regard to a specific selection of precedents. We thought that later on we could modify them to transform our commission into a unique solution.

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Golodyaev, K. A. „NOVOSIBIRSK HOUSE OF MODELS: DOCUMENTAL HISTORY“. In Regionalnie arhitekturno-hudogestvennie shkoli. Новосибирский государственный университет архитектуры, дизайна и искусств им. А.Д. Крячкова, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37909/978-5-89170-281-3-2020-1017.

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Gans, Phillip B. „THE EARLY MIOCENE HORSE CAMP BASIN, NAVADA: ARCHITECTURE, DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY, AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF A CLASSIC EXTENSIONAL HALF GRABEN“. In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-293018.

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Lintott, Bryan. „The History and Heritage of the Age of Simulation“. In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003581.

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Simulation of modern technologies has an important and informative history and an inspirational heritage. Simulation was utilised early in the development of aviation. Aircraft are controlled through a coordinated series of inputs from the pilot, similar to riding a horse. The difference is that falling from a horse is not as hazardous as falling from the sky. In response to this steep learning curve, the Antoinette simulator of 1910, operated by humans responding to the trainee´s inputs, was developed. World War I´s Allied and Central Powers utilised simulation to enhance combat effectiveness. Major Lanoe Hawker VC, of the Royal Flying Corp, pioneered British military simulators with a ´Rocking Fuselage´ for firing at a moving target, with a later version in which the ´Rocking Fuselage´ was mounted on a track. Hawker´s distinguished and innovative career abruptly ended when he was shot down and killed by Manfred von Richthofen. The advent of fly-by instruments and navigation by radio-directional beacons provided an ideal opportunity for enhanced simulation. Overcoming initial reluctance, a common historical occurrence with innovative technologies, Edwin Link combined his expertise and experience from the family´s piano and organ company to produce the iconic Link Trainer. The ability to incorporate communication from a ´ground controller´ and record on a map the pilot´s course enhanced the allies´ training programmes. The advent of shipboard radar, during WWII, in the maritime realm enabled operation in low or non-existent light situations, such as fog. However, this new technology resulted in a new class of accidents – misinterpretation of screen information leading to collisions. From the 1950s onwards, simulation has been integral to the training of deck officers in radar technology. In the late-1950s. N.S. Savannah, the United States´ atomic-powered merchant ship, pioneered civilian maritime simulation of a nuclear reactor and propulsion system. During the 1960s, maritime simulation was increasingly utilised to understand operation and crew performance better. In 1976, the use of CGI at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF), US Merchant Marine Academy, demonstrated the value of simulation in deck officer training. Increasingly, computers: analogue, electro-mechanical and digital, drove simulation forward. Early advances enhanced the experience for the operator and monitoring by the supervisor. DARPA´s pioneering role in the integration of ´networking, instrumentation and command and control´ has been transformative. This led to ´… outcomes that were in no way predictable, through after-the-fact were understandable.´ (Thorpe 2010)The material culture of simulation is in the collections of many museums – especially the Link Trainer. Most museum-based simulators are no longer operational due to malfunctions, lack of knowledge and concern about damage by "enthusiastic" public members. However, in a twist, there is interest in simulating simulators. The ´Rocking Fuselage inspires the WW1 Aviation Heritage Trust dogfight simulator´. In recent decades, the software associated with simulation has also gained its own historical archival value. Given the complexity of modern simulators and simulations, the question arises: what will be retained in museums and archives for future generations to engage with, personally or professionally, that records the Age of Simulation?

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Bowers, B. „Lighting your country house“. In 29th Annual Weekend Meeting History of Electrical Engineering. IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010162.

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Leonard Jr., R. Dougla. „Why Didn't the Horse Die? National Conformity Assessment Past, Present, Future“. In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2012.10.

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Working together for a common vision of laboratory accreditation for the United States, NACLA was formed to establish an accreditation program(s) based on the requirements of both national and international stakeholders that include specifiers, regulators, accreditation bodies, and testing/calibration labs (aka conformity assessment bodies (CABs)). The model was formed to break down barriers between stakeholders and improve confidence in the competence of Accreditation Bodies (ABs) and their accredited laboratories, including technical confidence in the results contained in reports and certificates issued by these laboratories. For the United States, recognized accreditation bodies will include a detailed scope of recognition based on the international model (ISO/IEC 17011), as well as additional specific supplemental technical requirements that meet specifier or regulatory agency requirements. For internationally recognized accreditation bodies, this means the addition of a national scope of recognition in fields of recognition for specific supplemental specifier or regulatory technical requirements. Under this model, each testing and calibration laboratory will be able to receive a single accreditation that covers both international requirements and additional technical requirements for specifiers and regulators. For specifiers and regulators, this model provides confidence that an accredited (ISO/IEC 17025) test or calibration is performed by a competent laboratory that meets the specifier and/or regulatory requirements. The vision of NACLA and its history have had a fair share of challenges. Special interests seem to take over the vision of cooperation and coordination. The horse (as reported many years back) was shot and slated to die, but with a vision and a will to survive the horse is still around doing good work for the US conformity assessment system.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "History of the horse"

Bordo, Michael, und John Landon-Lane. What Explains House Price Booms?: History and Empirical Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Oktober 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19584.

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Lowe, Hilary. ?To Keep a Birthplace?: An Administrative History of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302805.

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The National Park Service (NPS) opened the John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site (JOFI), in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1969 to commemorate the life of the 35th president, John F. Kennedy, at the home where he was born in 1917. The site was a gift from Rose Kennedy, and the Kennedy family, to the nation. It joined the Park Service initially as part of a unit managed by the Boston Service Group, a regional administrative unit that managed many parks and units that were in development and several small sites. The Administrative History traces the history of the establishment and management of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site from efforts to commemorate the house during his presidency through the beginning of the 21st century.

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Ivanov, R. V. History of creation of megezheksky breed of horses, the current state. Selection and breeding. ООО «Информационно-консалтинговый центр», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/konevodstvo.2019..15rus.

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Shvetsov, N. N., M. M. Naumov, M. R. Shvetsova, G. S. Pokhodnya, V. A. Syrovitsky, N. M. Naumov und D. S. Gorokhova. Horse breeding with horse riding basics. Printing house FGBOU VO Belgorod GAU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/isbn978-5-6044805-0-2.2020.

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Lee, Heajoo. Pale Horse. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-984.

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Sklenar, Ihor. The newspaper «Christian Voice» (Munich) in the postwar period: history, thematic range of expression, leading authors and publicists. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11393.

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The article considers the history, thematic range of expression and a number of authors and publicists of the newspaper «Christian Voice» (with the frequency of a fortnightly). It has been published in Munich by nationally conscious groups of migrants since 1949 as a part of the «Ukrainian Christian Publishing House». The significance of this Ukrainian newspaper in post-Nazi Germany is only partly comprehended in the works of a number of diaspora press’s researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to supplement the scientific information about the «Christian Voice» in the postwar period, in particular, the yearbook for 1957 was chosen as the principal subject of analysis. In the process of writing the article, we used such methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, generalization and others. Thus, the results of our study became the socio-political and religious context in which the «Christian Voice» was founded. The article is also a concise overview of the titles of Ukrainian magazines in post-Nazi Germany in the 1940s and 1950s. The thematic analysis of publications of 1957 showed the main trends of journalistic texts in the newspaper and the journalistic skills of it’s iconic authors and publicists (D. Buchynsky, M. Bradovych, S. Shah, etc.). The thematic range of the newspaper after 1959 was somewhat narrowed due to the change in the status of the «Christian Voice» when it became the official newspaper of the UGCC in Germany. It has been distinguished two main thematic blocks of the newspaper ‒ social and religious. Historians will find interesting factual material from the newspaper publications about the life of Ukrainians in the diaspora. Historians of journalism can supplement the bibliographic apparatus in the journalistic and publicistic works of the authors in the postwar period of the newspaper and in subsequent years of publishing. Based upon the publications of the «Christian Voice» in different years, not only since 1957, journalists can study the contents and a form of different genres, linguistic peculiarities in the newspaper articles, and so on.

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Robinson, Matthew. The Horse Latitudes. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2368.

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Beckert, Chris. Building a Better Trojan Horse. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399678.

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Thornock, David. Images from the Horse Heavens. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5348.

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Nadeau, Jenifer. Flooding Preparedness for Horse Owners. UConn Extension, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61899/ucext.v1.006.2024.

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