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1
Wiltgen, Tyler James. „An economic history of the United States sugar program“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/wiltgen/WiltgenT1207.pdf.
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2
Dickson, Anna-Kumari. „A political history of the ACP-EEC Sugar Protocol“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315984.
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3
Ratledge, Andrew James. „From promise to stagnation : East India sugar 1792-1865 /“. Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr2366.pdf.
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4
Allen, William Ezra. „Sugar and coffee: a history of settler agriculture in nineteenth-century Liberia“. FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1068.
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This dissertation is about commercial agriculture in nineteenth-century Liberia. Based primarily on the archives of the American Colonization Society (founder of Liberia), it examines the impact of environmental and demographic constraints on an agrarian settler society from 1822 to the 1890s. Contrary to the standard interpretation, which linked the poor state of commercial agriculture to the settlers' disdain for cultivation, this dissertation argues that the scarcity of labor and capital impeded the growth of commercial agriculture. The causes of the scarcity were high mortality, low immigration and the poverty of the American "Negroes" who began to settle Liberia in 1822.
Emigration to Liberia meant almost certain death and affliction for many immigrants because they encountered a new set of diseases. Mortality was particularly high during the early decades of colonization. From 1822 to 1843, about 48 percent of all immigrants died of various causes, usually within their first year. The bulk of the deaths is attributed to malaria. There was no natural increase in the population for this early period and because American "Negroes" were unenthusiastic about relocation to Liberia, immigration remained sparse throughout the century. Low immigration, combined with the high death rate, deprived the fledgling colony of its potential human resource, especially for the cultivation of labor-intensive crops, like sugar cane and coffee. Moreover, even though females constituted approximately half of the settlers, they seldom performed agricultural labor.
The problem of labor was compounded by the scarcity of draft animals. Liberia is in the region where trypanosomiasis occurs. The disease is fatal to large livestock. Therefore, animal-drawn plows, common in the United States, were never successfully transplanted in Liberia. Besides, the dearth of livestock obstructed the development of the sugar industry since many planters depended on oxen-powered mills because they could not afford to buy the more expensive steam engine mills.
Finally, nearly half of the immigrants were newly emancipated slaves. Usually these former bondsmen arrived in Liberia penniless. Consequently, they lacked the capital to invest in large-scale plantations. The other categories of immigrants (e.g., those who purchased their freedom), were hardly better off than the emancipated slaves.
5
Supartono, Alexander. „Re-imag(in)ing history : photography and the sugar industry in colonial Java“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11909.
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This thesis seeks to examine the ways that the success of the Dutch Empire at the turn of the twentieth century was represented and celebrated in the photographic albums of Dutch sugar industrialists in Java. It aims to show how the photographic practices that developed in the colony in parallel with its industrialisation informed the ways that the colony was imagined in the metropolis and the colony. Whether social portraiture, topographic studies or depictions of industrial machinery and infrastructure, the photographs of the sugar industry were part and parcel of a topical vernacular tradition that generated distinct visual themes in the development of popular photographic genres, and which reflected the cultural hybridity and social stratification of the local sugar world. This analysis is pursued through close reading of the photographic albums of the Pietermaat-Soesman family from the Kalibagor sugar factory in Java. These albums exemplify how the family albums of sugar industrialists retained the familiarity and cult value of the family album whilst illustrating the values and attitudes of the colonial industry and society. What is more, the Pietermaat-Soesman albums underline the significance of the albums' materiality; their story is not only one of images, but also a story of objects. I specifically pay attention to the role of photographers and commercial photo studios in the formulation of the pictorial commonplace of the sugar industry. It is the collaboration between sugar industrialists and colony-based photographers that reveals the social necessity, ideological constraints, pictorial conventions and cultural idioms of colonial industry and society in the Dutch East Indies. Largely understudied in both the Dutch and Indonesian histories of photography, this material, I argue, may problematise the ideological premises of ‘colonial' photography.
6
Gobin, Anuradha. „Leaving a bittersweet taste : classifying, cultivating and consuming sugar in seventeenth and eighteenth century British West Indian visual culture“. Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112338.
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This thesis explores visual representations of British West Indian sugar in relation to the African slave trade practiced during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During this time, sugar played a vital role to the lives of both European and non-Europeans as it was a source of great wealth for many and became transformed into one of the most demanded and widely consumed commodity. From the earliest days of British colonization, the cultivation and production of sugar in the Caribbean has been inextricably linked with the trade in African slaves to provide free labor for plantation owners and planters. This thesis considers how European artists visually represented sugar in its various forms---as an object for botanical study, as landscape and as consumable commodity---and in so doing, constructed specific ideas about the African slave body and the use of African slave labor that reflected personal and imperial agendas and ideologies.
7
Flinn, Celia M. „Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice: "America's Original Transgender Sweetheart" and the Construction of Womanhood“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1259.
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Christine Jorgensen is the first known American citizen undergo sexual reassignment surgery. After her medical operations in Denmark in 1952, during which George Jorgensen Jr., a twenty-six year old man from the Bronx, New York, became Christine Jorgensen, an attractive, feminine woman, Jorgensen returned home to face the curiosity and scrutiny of the American public. As the “first celebrity transsexual," Jorgensen sparked public controversy by questioning the gender expectations that structured society in mid-twentieth century America. Jorgensen’s gender presentation closely aligned to the idealized standards of womanhood reinforced by institutional forces during the 1950s. Due to the amount of public scrutiny she faced after her transition, Jorgensen had to conform to these expectations entirely in order to achieve social acceptance. Examining Jorgensen’s gender expression critically exposes the social limits for expression of gender as well as what forces were responsible for placing these limits on women.
8
Miller, Derek Robert. „Breaking the Mold: Sugar Ceramics and the Political Economy of 18th Century St Eustatius“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626553.
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9
Shuler, Kristrina Andrea. „Health, history, and sugar : a bioarchaeological study of enslaved Africans from Newton Plantation, Barbados, West Indies /“. Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1068215131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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10
Mercer, A. P. „Medicine and slavery : The health of slaves in the Louisiana sugar and South Carolina rice regions 1795-1860“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374801.
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11
Euwema, Jeffrey A. „The decline of sugar production and the rise of cocoa production in Grenada 1870-1917: the changing fortunes of a cocoa peasantry“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42751.
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Post-emancipation Grenada poses a unique situation in the agricultural milieu of the Caribbean. Grenada not only defied the norms of a mono-cultural existence, but experienced relative prosperity during a time of general depression. The colony's prosperity between 1870-1917 can be attributed to the agricultural transformation from large-scale sugar production to small-scale peasant cultivation of cocoa in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Much of the written history concerning post-emancipation society in the Caribbean has tended to underline the collective impoverishment following the decline of sugar production. Furthermore, studies have concentrated on the handicaps and inefficiencies associated with peasant agriculture. This thesis attempts to go beyond these broad generalizations of underdevelopment and examines how Grenada's agricultural transformation to cocoa initiated fundamental change in the countryside. This agricultural transformation to cocoa not only allowed Grenada to escape the disastrous consequences experienced by its neighbors, but gave rise to an independent peasantry. An evaluation of the resulting socioeconomic consequences will focus on how the cultivation of cocoa helped the peasantry improve their situation, provided them with a greater sense of humility and most importantly contributed to the overall welfare of the colony.
Master of Science
12
Compton, Cynthia Woolley. „The Making of the Ahupuaa of Laie into a Gathering Place and Plantation: The Creation of an Alternative Space to Capitalism“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1151.pdf.
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13
Ogle, Tanner. „"If We Clash, We Break": Religion, Republicanism, and Memories of Stuart Tyranny at the Inception of the American Revolution (1760-1766)“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1554559122305494.
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14
Kessler, Lawrence Helfgott. „Planter's Paradise: Nature, Culture, and Hawaiʻi’s Sugarcane Plantations“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/374197.
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HistoryPh.D.
Over the course of the nineteenth century, the Hawaiian sugar industry rose from economic insignificance to become one of the world’s most efficient and productive sugarcane plantation systems. "Planter's Paradise" traces the transnational environmental history of cane planting in Hawaiʻi, from Polynesian settlement to the early twentieth century, to explore how an export-based mono-culture plantation system eclipsed diversified farming, how cultural encounters between indigenous and Euro-American groups influenced agriculture and natural resource use, and how the politics of planting contributed to the rise of American hegemony over the islands. With research grounded in plantation records, agricultural association publications, popular media, and personal correspondence, I address sugarcane planting as a point where ideas about nature, methods of converting nature into commodities for consumption in distant markets, and nature itself influenced each other within the context of U.S. imperial expansion. I argue that the ascendance of Hawaiʻi’s sugar industry was the result of cultural encounters, economic relations, and environmental conditions at the local level, but cane planting also connected the archipelago to particular transnational networks of economic, ecological, and cultural exchange. Sugarcane planting introduced to Hawaiʻi foreign ways of relating to the natural world, a host of alien organisms, and advances in agricultural science and technology that impacted all of Hawaiian society. These introductions contributed to planters' power. By the early twentieth century, Hawaiʻi had become a planter's paradise: a society and environment transformed for the industrial cultivation of sugarcane.
Temple University--Theses
15
Elliott, Michael H. „Economic Specialization in Sugar Cane Wage Labor: Ethnographic Case Study of a Rural Nicaraguan Community“. Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1212519949.
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16
Oersen, Sheridene Barbara. „The representation of women in four of Naguib Mahfouz's realist novels: Palace walk, Palace of desire, Sugar street and Midaq alley“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis involved the various discourses around Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz's representation of women in four of his most well-known novels, which were originally written in Arabic. At the one extreme, he is described as a feminist writer who takes up an aggressive anti-patriarchal stance, delivering a multi-faceted critique on Egyptian society. Mahfouz's personal milieu, as well as the broader social context in which he finds himself, was given careful consideration. It was also considered whether the genre in which the four novels have been written has a significant influence on the manner in which Mahfouz has represented his female characters.
17
Supartono, Alexander. „Faces and Places: Group Portraits and Topographical Photographs in the Photo Albums of the Sugar Industry in Colonial Java in the Early Twentieth Century“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1282929717.
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18
Lin, JiaCheng, und HaoRan Teng. „Influence of Nucleation Techniques on the Degree of Supercooling and Duration of Crystallization for Sugar Alcohol as Phase Change Material : Investigation on erythritol-based additiveenhanced Composites“. Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257758.
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Utilizing Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) applications have previously been extensively researched as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption. In order to make use of the waste heat from industrial processes for LTES purposes, a new demand emerged for PCMs capable of phase change in mid-temperature ranges of 100 °C - 200 °C. This higher temperature requirement made most of the previously studied material inapplicable as they had much lower melting and solidification temperatures. With this in mind, a new generation of PCMs consisting of Sugar Alcohols (SA) has been proposed. Erythritol is seen as an especially promising SA with good thermophysical properties for LTES purposes. However, it has been shown to suffer from severe supercooling, which makes it unreliable in real applications. To eradicate this issue, two additives, Graphene Oxide (GO) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at varying mass fractions were mixed with pure erythritol to form a composite which was studied using the Temperature-history (T-history) method to determine its effectiveness in reducing supercooling. Results show that at its most effective mass fraction, GO reduces supercooling by 28 o C and a 31 o C reduction is seen by the addition of PVP. The impacts on the duration of crystallization was also documented and analyzed using the same method. It was observed that the duration of crystallization was increased with increasing mass fractions of the additives. Other important properties of the composites were also studied in order to determine the overall feasibility for industrial applications. It includes analysis of the storage capacity through latent heat, changes in viscosity along with impacts on thermal diffusivity of the composites.Att använda fasändringsmaterial (PCM) för termisk energilagring i form av latent värme (LTES) har tidigare extensivt forskats och undersökts som en lösning för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från energiförbrukning. För att utnyttja spillvärme från industriella processer för LTES-ändamål uppstod en efterfrågan på PCM som ändrar fas i temperaturer mellan 100 °C - 200 °C. Detta krav på högre temperatur gjorde att de flesta av de tidigare aktuella materialen inte kunde tillämpas eftersom de hade mycket lägre smält- och kristalliseringstemperaturer. Med detta i åtanke har en ny generation av PCM bestående av sockeralkoholer (SA) föreslagits. Erytritol ses som ett särskilt lovande SA med goda egenskaper för LTES-ändamål. Den har dock visat sig drabbas av svår underkylning, vilket gör den opålitligt i verkliga tillämpningar. För att utrota detta problem blandades två tillsatser, Graphene Oxide (GO) och Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) vid olika massfraktioner med ren erytritol för att bilda en komposit som studerades med metoden Temperature-history (T-history) för att bestämma dess effektivitet på att minska underkylningen. Resultaten visar att GO på sin mest effektiva massfraktion minskar underkylningen med 28 o C och tillsats av PVP lyckats minska den med som mest 31 o C. Påverkningarna på varaktighet av kristallisering dokumenterades och analyserades med samma metod. Det var observerad att varaktigheten av kristallisering ökades med ökande massfraktioner av tillsatserna. Även andra viktiga egenskaper hos kompositerna studerades för att avgöra rimligheten att använda dessa för industriella tillämpningar. Det inkluderar analys av lagringskapaciteten genom latent värme, förändringar i viskositet tillsammans med påverkan på kompositernas termiska diffusivitet.
19
Rodrigues, Laura Poggi. „Evolução histórica da concentração da indústria de refino de açúcar na região Centro-Sul do Brasil e análise da sua estrutura de equilíbrio“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-06012006-141809/.
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O presente trabalho teve, por objetivo, caracterizar a indústria de refino de açúcar no Brasil e identificar o modelo de comportamento da concentração de mercado da referida indústria para a região Centro-Sul do Brasil. Procurou-se analisar a influência dos distintos níveis de competição via preço e barreiras à entrada sobre a sua estrutura de mercado. Também foram analisadas a influência de fatores exógenos, como intervenção do governo, organização setorial e estratégias empresariais, na determinação da concentração de mercado do setor; o valor das barreiras à entrada para uma indústria média, baseada na análise da escala mínima eficiente de produção. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo teórico desenvolvido por Sutton (1991), que é o modelo do jogo de dois estágios para indústrias intensivas em sunk cost exógenos. Compararamse os resultados com os encontrados pelo autor para a Europa, o Japão, os Estados Unidos e Taiwan. Para tanto, definiu-se o mercado relevante como a região Centro-Sul do Brasil e calcularam-se a razão de concentração da referida indústria e a razão entre tamanho de mercado e nível de sunk cost exógeno. O valor encontrado para 2001 (σ/S igual a 0,8407%) é condizente com os dos países analisados por Sutton, que evidenciam o alto índice de custos irrecuperáveis e a existência de barreiras à entrada e explicam a estrutura de mercado encontrada. Verificou-se que a indústria de refino de açúcar no Brasil, inicialmente, foi construída por pequenos e médios grupos comerciais, com intensa atividade regional, sendo o setor regionalmente concentrado. Durante a fase de intervenção, destaca-se o forte caráter concentrado da indústria, apresentando na década de 1980, o CR4 da indústria de cerca de 80%. Nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, houve o crescimento e o surgimento de marcas menores, ao mesmo tempo em que a marca líder (União) teve reduzida sua importância no total das vendas do setor. Um dos elementos que explicam o forte caráter concentrado da indústria são as barreiras à entrada no setor: assim como as indústrias de açúcar refinado dos países analisados, a indústria de açúcar refinado do Brasil apresenta, de acordo com dados calculados para o ano 2003, alta barreira à entrada, em relação ao tamanho do mercado. No entanto, se, por um lado, a indústria apresenta elevados índices de concentração, por outro, acredita-se que os produtores de açúcar refinado não possam se utilizar desse poder de mercado junto aos consumidores. Os preços internos sofrem grande influência do mercado internacional, além da forte pressão do varejo supermercadista, também concentrado. Verificou-se que os preços descendentes ao longo do tempo são positivamente relacionados com a evolução da estrutura de mercado do período analisado.The aim of the present work was to evaluate the refined sugar industryin Brazil and to identify its market behavior in the central region in Southern Brazil Accordingly, this study analyzed the influence of distinct levels of competition concerning price and entrance barriers on the market structure. Some exogenous factors, such as public regulation, sectorial organization, and strategies to set up costs, were also verified to determine the market sectors concentration. the theoretical model of two-stage game for industries intensive in exogenous sunk cost described by Sutton (1991) was used to determine the value of the set up costs for a single plant of minimum efficient scale (m.e.s). Data of the present study were compared to those reported by Sutton (1991), whose study focused on Europe, Japan, United States and Taiwan. The present work, however, focused on the central region in Southern Brazil. The ratio of the market concentration of the sugar-refining industry, as well as the ratio of its market size and exogenous sunk cost was calculated. The value of σ/S found for 2001 was 0.8407%, consistent with the values found for the countries analyzed by Sutton; furthermore, this result evidences the high index of set up costs and existence of barriers of entrance, suggesting that that the industry of refining sugar in Brazil was initiated with small and average commercial groups, with a regionally-concentrated sector. During the regulated period the industry was highly concentrated (by the 1980s the CR4 was about 80%). In the 1990s, there was a great entrance of new brands and consequently a decline in the leader brand (União). One of the reasons that such industry is highly concentrated is the huge sunk cost. Like the refined sugar industry analyzed in other countries, the Brazilian refined sugar industry presented, in 2003, high exogenous sunk cost in relation to the size market.
20
Lin, Jiacheng, und Haoran Teng. „Influence of Nucleation Techniques on the Degree of Supercooling and Duration of Crystallization for Sugar Alcohol as Phase Change Material : Investigation on erythritol-based additiveenhanced composites“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264271.
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Utilizing Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) applications have previously been extensively researched as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption. In order to make use of the waste heat from industrial processes for LTES purposes, a new demand emerged for PCMs capable of phase change in mid-temperature ranges of 100 °C - 200 °C. This higher temperature requirement made most of the previously studied material inapplicable as they had much lower melting and solidification temperatures. With this in mind, a new generation of PCMs consisting of Sugar Alcohols (SA) has been proposed. Erythritol is seen as an especially promising SA with good thermophysical properties for LTES purposes. However, it has been shown to suffer from severe supercooling, which makes it unreliable in real applications. To eradicate this issue, two additives, Graphene Oxide (GO) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at varying mass fractions were mixed with pure erythritol to form a composite which was studied using the Temperature-history (T-history) method to determine its effectiveness in reducing supercooling. Results show that at its most effective mass fraction, GO reduces supercooling by 28 oC and a 31 oC reduction is seen by the addition of PVP. The impacts on the duration of crystallization was also documented and analyzed using the same method. It was observed that the duration of crystallization was increased with increasing mass fractions of the additives. Other important properties of the composites were also studied in order to determine the overall feasibility for industrial applications. It includes analysis of the storage capacity through latent heat, changes in viscosity along with impacts on thermal diffusivity of the composites.Att använda fasändringsmaterial (PCM) för termisk energilagring i form av latent värme (LTES) har tidigare extensivt forskats och undersökts som en lösning för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från energiförbrukning. För att utnyttja spillvärme från industriella processer för LTES-ändamål uppstod en efterfrågan på PCM som ändrar fas i temperaturer mellan 100 °C - 200 °C. Detta krav på högre temperatur gjorde att de flesta av de tidigare aktuella materialen inte kunde tillämpas eftersom de hade mycket lägre smält- och kristalliseringstemperaturer. Med detta i åtanke har en ny generation av PCM bestående av sockeralkoholer (SA) föreslagits. Erytritol ses som ett särskilt lovande SA med goda egenskaper för LTES-ändamål. Den har dock visat sig drabbas av svår underkylning, vilket gör den opålitligt i verkliga tillämpningar. För att utrota detta problem blandades två tillsatser, Graphene Oxide (GO) och Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) vid olika massfraktioner med ren erytritol för att bilda en komposit som studerades med metoden Temperature-history (T-history) för att bestämma dess effektivitet på att minska underkylningen. Resultaten visar att GO på sin mest effektiva massfraktion minskar underkylningen med 28 oC och tillsats av PVP lyckats minska den med som mest 31 oC. Påverkningarna på varaktighet av kristallisering dokumenterades och analyserades med samma metod. Det var observerad att varaktigheten av kristallisering ökades med ökande massfraktioner av tillsatserna. Även andra viktiga egenskaper hos kompositerna studerades för att avgöra rimligheten att använda dessa för industriella tillämpningar. Det inkluderar analys av lagringskapaciteten genom latent värme, förändringar i viskositet tillsammans med påverkan på kompositernas termiska diffusivitet.
21
Lewis, Amanda G. Ms. „Remaking of Race and Labor in British Guiana and Louisiana: 1830-1880“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/49.
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During the nineteenth century, the Gulf of Mexico fostered the movement of people, ideas, and news throughout the surrounding regions. Although each colony and state surrounding the basin had distinct cultures and traditions, they shared the legacy of slavery and emancipation. This study examines the transformation of labor that occurred for sugar planters in British Guiana and southern Louisiana during the age of emancipation. In this comparative project, I argue that in the 1830s planters from the British West Indies set the trajectory for solutions to the labor problem by curtailing the freedom of former slaves with Asian contract labor. Those in the sugar parishes of southern Louisiana followed this same framework in the 1860s yet it led to different outcomes. The nature of the circum-Caribbean provided opportunities for planters throughout the Gulf to observe the Asian indentured system and use a form of it in their distinct societies.
22
Marshall, Jess. „Old Hoosiers Be Like“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1525279099781323.
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23
Risk, Eloah Nazaré Varjal de Melo. „A organização e análise ergonômica do trabalho do "bóia-fria" = a saga do trabalhador rural da lavoura da cana de açúcar no estado de Pernambuco - do escravo ao bóia-fria, uma história de "sangue, suor e lágrima"“. [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256909.
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Orientadores: Mauro José Andrade Tereso, Roberto Funes AbrahãoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar como se deu a passagem da situação do Bóia-Fria na condição de trabalhador-morador para trabalhador-credor, a partir das mudanças operadas nas condições de trabalho, quando da institucionalização da CLT - Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas - como Regime de Trabalho e suas consequências. A análise histórica foi desenvolvida com foco nos Engenhos de cana-de-açúcar do Estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa, numa abordagem sócio-antropológica permitiu conhecer a gênese do Bóia-Fria, desde o período do Brasil Colônia até os dias atuais, onde se desenvolveram suas relações sociais e de trabalho, suas lutas pela sobrevivência e reconhecimento social. Permitiu ainda, conhecer com base nos fundamentos da Ergonomia, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Bóia-Fria nas perspectivas física, psicológica e cognitiva, cujos resultados apontam para uma categoria de trabalhador rural em vias de extinção em decorrência do avanço da mecanização no corte da cana. O alto índice de analfabetismo se apresenta como um vetor natural para o aproveitamento dessa categoria em outras atividades que não sejam àquelas relacionadas ao cultivo e corte da cana-de-açúcar, o que sinaliza grande dificuldade de inserção social e mudança qualitativa de vida
Abstract: The present work had as the main goal to analyse the shifting condition of the part time workers ("bóia-fria") due to the creation of the labour law (CLT - Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas) and the consequences, when he abandons the farm as his place of living. The historical analysis was developed aiming the sugar cane production and processing system in the state of Pernambuco. Through a social anthropological approach, this research tried to understand the origin of the part time workers ("bóia-fria") since when Brazil was a colony to nowadays, how the working conditions and social relations had developed and changed, and their survival struggle and social acknowledgement. This work also investigated, based on the Ergonomics basics, the work developed by the part time workers ("bóia-fria"), in physical, psychological and cognitive viewpoints. The results point to a rural worker category close to extinction due to the advancement of the mechanization of the sugar cane harvesting. The high index of illiteracy presents itself as a natural vector to the reapplication of this category in other activities not related to sugar cane harvesting, pointing a great difficult of social insertion and qualitative chance of life
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Dandel, Amandine. „Goût et dégoût des douceurs : une histoire du lobby du sucre en France (années 1930 – années 1990)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025LEMA3001.
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Créé en 1955, le Cédus, Centred’études et de documentation pour l’utilisation dusucre, est bâti sur la base du Comité d’étudesd’hygiène et d’utilisation des produits agricoles(1932). Le Cédus est ainsi chargé de lapromotion du sucre au bénéfice de l’ensemble dela filière sucre, mais aussi des industriesutilisatrices. Par ses méthodes et moyensd’action, le Cédus apparaît comme le lobby dusucre en France.Usage de la science, sponsoring sportif, actionsauprès des scolaires, actions ciblées auprès decatégories particulières de consommateurs,mais aussi organisation et participation à desévènements permettant une certaine proximitéavec des représentants du monde politique,tous leviers sont utilisés pour promouvoir lesucre. Tout au long de la seconde moitié duXXe siècle, l’image du sucre subit plusieurschangements au sein de la société, quidemandent au Cédus d’adapter son discours etses actionsCreated in 1955, Cédus, the Centred'études et de documentation pour l'utilisation dusucre, is based on the Comité d'études d'hygièneet d'utilisation des produits agricoles (1932).Cédus is responsible for promoting sugar for thebenefit of the entire sugar sector. In terms of itsmethods and means of action, Cédus appears tobe the sugar lobby in France.The use of science, sports sponsorship, actionsaimed at schoolchildren, targeted actions aimedat specific categories of consumers, as well asthe organisation of and participation in eventsallowing a certain proximity with representativesof the political world, are all levers used topromote sugar. Throughout the second half ofthe 20th century, the image of sugar underwenta number of changes in society, which requiredCedus to adapt its discourse and actions
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Ayala, Karen M. „Hacienda La Monserrate : a historic structure report and rehabilitation recommendations“. Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902473.
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For almost 450 years the island of Puerto Rico has had an agricultural economy based on the cultivation and production of sugar. Sugar plantations became small communities within towns with distinctive structures and buildings. When large scale commercial sugar production ceased, plantation houses were abandoned and have deteriorated to the point of collapse. A small number of plantation houses are still standing in defiance of progress and their own deterioration.Plantation houses represent part of Puerto Rico's economic and social history and deserve to be preserved. As a result of their architectural significance and uncertain future, plantation houses throughout the Island, should be documented.The focus of this Creative Project is the documentation of the main house in La Monserrate sugar plantation and present recommendations for its rehabilitation and adaptive reuse. This plantation house is located in Manati, a town along the north coast of Puerto Rico. The document will cover a variety of subjects all related with the history of the development of the sugar industry and its influence in Puerto Rico's architecture. The document includes both, a comprehensive analysis of the house and preliminary recommendations for its future adaptive reuse.It is the author's hope that this document will increase public awareness about the importance of preserving this particular building as well as some of the cultural and economic advantages of historic preservation. The community needs to understand and appreciate their built heritage and restoring and rehabilitating the main house in Hacienda La Monserrate can be the first step to achieve it.Department of Architecture
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Vettorassi, Andréa. „Laços de trabalho e redes dos migrantes = um estudo sobre as dimensões objetivas e subjetivas presentes em redes sociais e identidades de grupos migrantes de Serrana-SP e Guariba-SP“. [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280340.
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Orientador: Fernando Antonio LourençoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar os processos identitários e redes sociais de migrantes rurais nordestinos em cidades do interior paulista. Para que isto fosse possível, duas cidades de economia sucroalcooleira que recebem anualmente expressivo número de migrantes rurais nordestinos (sazonais ou permanentes) para o trabalho no corte da cana foram analisadas, a saber, Guariba-SP e Serrana-SP. Embora sustentadas pela mesma economia sucroalcooleira e com número semelhante de habitantes, suas figurações sociais são bem diversas, essencialmente em seus aspectos históricos e quando a relação entre os migrantes e a comunidade circundante (que denominamos "nativos") é analisada. O estudo das duas cidades contou com metodologias diversas, como as entrevistas realizadas com migrantes e "nativos" (inclusive, em São Raimundo Nonato-PI, cidade de origem de muitos trabalhadores rurais no interior paulista), pesquisas quantitativas e a aplicação de um método de pesquisa denominado "mapas afetivos". Para a compreensão das diferenças existentes nas cidades estudadas, não apenas pesquisas de campo foram realizadas em Guariba, Serrana e São Raimundo Nonato, como também foi realizado o acompanhamento destes migrantes em uma de suas viagens de volta ao Piauí em um ônibus clandestino. Nesta viagem, foi possível a produção de imagens de vídeo que revelam o cotidiano deste longo trajeto de volta, assim como suas próprias reflexões sobre o mundo rural em que vivem, o trabalho no corte da cana, suas redes sociais e identidades. Da pesquisa descrita acima, pudemos perceber que as redes sociais são fundamentais para os migrantes e são muito fortes entre eles porque em seus locais de origem o Estado não supre todas as necessidades de suas comunidades rurais. Para a garantia de sobrevivência e melhores condições de vida, há uma necessidade muito maior de contar uns com os outros para suprir estas carências. As relações simbólicas e comunitárias são mais eficazes do que as regras e normas institucionais que estão muito pouco presentes em seus locais de origem. Acostumados com estas estratégias simbólicas de sobrevivência conquistadas a partir das redes sociais, estes migrantes as readequaram em seus locais de destino, onde experimentam o preconceito contra suas redes sociais constantemente criadas em busca de melhores condições de vida. Entretanto, este preconceito que os migrantes sofrem, bem como suas redes sociais e identidades, têm inúmeras particularidades de acordo com a contextualização histórica, política, social e simbólica das cidades receptoras. Assim, este trabalho contribui para a reflexão sobre as razões dos deslocamentos feitos pelos grupos migrantes, as razões de uma acolhida diferenciada em Serrana-SP e Guariba-SP e, finalmente, procura compreender as redes sociais, as relações pessoais e a organização destes grupos migrantes a partir de dimensões objetivas e subjetivas
Abstract: This study aims at assessing the identity processes and social networks of rural migrants from the Northeast cities (nordestinos) to cities in the countryside of the state of Sao Paulo. In order to achieve this goal, two cities, whose economy is based on the sugarcane business, receive a significant number of rural migrants from the Northeast annually (seasonal or permanent) to work in the sugarcane fields were analyzed, namely Guariba-SP and Serrana- SP. Although supported by the same sugarcane economy and with similar numbers of inhabitants, their social representation are quite different, mainly in its historical aspects and where the relationship between migrants and the surrounding community (which we call "native") is studied. The study of both cities was based on different methodologies, such as interviews with migrants and natives (including, in Sao Raimundo Nonato, state of Piauí, hometown of many rural workers in Sao Paulo), quantitative research and implementation of a research method called "emotional maps." In order to understand the differences in the studied cities, not only field research was conducted in Guariba, Serrana and Sao Raimundo Nonato, but a monitoring of these migrants and their return to Piauí, by means of illegal transport, was also instrumental. It was possible to produce video images, during said return trip, that reveal the daily life of such a long journey, as well as these migrants' own reflections on the rural world in which they live, work, and their social networks and identities. It was possible to realize that social networks are crucial for migrants and very strong between them, since, in their hometowns, the State does not meet all the needs of rural communities. In order to guarantee their survival and better living conditions, there is a much greater need to count on each other to remedy these deficiencies. The symbolic relations and community are more effective than the institutional rules and norms that are virtually absent in their places of origin. Accustomed to such symbolic strategies of survival conquered from social networks, migrants attempt to adjust them to their destinations, where they experience prejudice against their social networks being constantly created in search of better living conditions. However, this prejudice against migrants, as well as their social networks and identities, present several particularities in accordance with the historical, political, social and symbolic context of the cities affected. Thus, this study contributes with the discussion about the reasons for dislocations by migrant groups, the reasons for different welcoming in Guariba-SP and Serrana-SP, and, lastly, it seeks to understand social networks, personal relationships and the organization of these migrant groups, from objective and subjective dimensions
Doutorado
Trabalho, Cultura e Ambiente
Doutor em Sociologia
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Costa, Regina Maria da. „Migração nordestina para o corte de cana no Mato Grosso: porque eu vim moça, eu vou lhe contá“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3657.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-03Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso
The background of the flux migratory movement to the Mato Grosso State, as in the hole Brazilian territory, characterized by the absence of Agrarian Reform applicability, this absence make the production impossible in many regions, such as the Northeast, which directly contributes to the migratory rate increase. To have land and having not condition to expand production, or yet, to transport it competitively, it is the same that not to have. The migrants production in their land is usually for subsistence and when they need the resource to suply their needs, for example, the purchase of a property, the effectuation of improvements in their living environment or even in cases of health is a major challenge because the resources are insufficient. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the motivations that lead northeastern workers to the sugar cane cut job in the Mato Grosso state. To meet this goal, we adopted the research methodologies: qualitative and life history, which allowed the use of essential tools, such as observation and interviews (informal and recorded) by the which was possible to record the main motivations of migrants in the sugarcane activities in the Barrálcool plant in Barra do Bugres. This scenery showed that migrants feel encouraged by the region of Mato Grosso State for the following reasons: A) to have the opportunity in the sugar cane cut job to those that have not experience yet, situation known by the cutters as white paper, B) by the believe that the work in the plant of the Mato Grosso State offers better conditions in relation to remuneration than in other states, C) the possibility of receiving insurance in alternating seasons and D) despite Barra Bugres town be relatively little compared to other towns, it offers the chance of fixing housing in neighborhoods and settlements, and even this is not the focus of this study, we identified the presence of some established families, and finally, E) we also found that for some migrants, the work in the plants has offered ways to the realization of dreams, as the acquisition of goods and investments in construction of accommodation to house new migrants wish to come to the Mato Grosso. Still arises the proposal of a category of migrants who are uncertain/imprecise, where the return displacement to the origin location is defined by the remuneration factor.
O pano de fundo da movimentação dos fluxos migratórios para o estado do Mato Grosso, como em todo o território brasileiro, caracteriza-se pela ausência da aplicabilidade da Reforma Agrária. Esta ausência impossibilita a produção agropecuária familiar em muitas regiões, como no caso do Nordeste, o que contribui diretamente para o aumento do índice migratório. Ter terras e não ter condições de expandir a produção, ou ainda, escoá-la de forma competitiva, é o mesmo que não as ter. A produção dos migrantes em suas terras de origem normalmente é de subsistência e ao necessitarem de recursos para suprir as suas necessidades acerca, por exemplo, da compra de um bem, da efetivação de melhorias no ambiente em que vivem ou até mesmo em casos de saúde, é um grande desafio, pois os recursos são insuficientes. A proposta desta dissertação é investigar quais as motivações que levam os trabalhadores nordestinos para o corte de cana no estado do Mato Grosso. Para cumprir este objetivo, adotamos as metodologias das pesquisas: qualitativa e história de vida, que possibilitaram a utilização de ferramentas, tais como a observação e as entrevistas (informais e gravadas), por meio das quais foi possível o registro das principais motivações dos migrantes na atividade canavieira na usina Barrálcool, em Barra do Bugres. Este cenário evidenciou que os migrantes sentem-se incitados pela região do estado do Mato Grosso devido às seguintes motivações: A) haver oportunidade no corte da cana para aqueles que ainda não tinham experiência, situação esta denominada pelos cortadores como carteira branca; B) por acreditarem que o trabalho nas usinas do estado do Mato Grosso oferece melhores condições em relação à remuneração que em outros estados; C) a possibilidade de receberem seguro desemprego em safras alternadas; D) apesar do município de Barra do Bugres ser relativamente menor em relação aos demais municípios, o mesmo oferece a chance de fixação de moradia nos bairros e nos assentamentos, e mesmo não sendo este o foco do presente estudo, identificamos a presença de algumas famílias estabelecidas; e por fim, E) constatamos também que para alguns migrantes, o trabalho na usina tem oferecido caminhos para a realização de sonhos, como a aquisição de bens e investimentos em construção de alojamentos para abrigar novos migrantes que desejarem vir para o Mato Grosso. Surge ainda a proposta de uma nova categoria de migrantes que são os incertos/imprecisos, onde o deslocamento de retorno ao local de origem é definido pelo fator remuneração.
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Lyttle, David Michael John. „Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development - European Union Pacific Development Policy in Action: A study of Fijian society since December 2006“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3741.
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In early December 2006, the Fijian military seized power in a coup led by the Armed Forces commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama. It was a coup long expected, and Fiji’s fourth since 1987. Internationally, the response was swift imposing sanctions and removing or delaying international aid programmes. This has a potentially significant impact on Fiji because it is one of the largest per capita recipients of developmental aid funding in the world. However, it may also have little impact because, despite such assistance, the Fijian GDP has stagnated with an average growth of under 1% for the last 20 years. Other developmental indicators are also bleak. This thesis thus examines the dichotomy between Fiji’s ODA and its apparent inability to arrest the decline of the Fijian lifestyle and economy. However, to review all international developmental programmes across all sectors of Fijian society, while maintaining contemporary relevance and coherency, is untenable. Therefore, the thesis will focus on the European Union and its external relations with Fiji. The EU is one of the most influential partners for Fiji and is often overlooked by scholars, allowing this thesis to make a valuable contribution to developmental studies in the pacific region. The thesis has selected and examines four sectors of Fijian society, that of the Economy, Governance, Sugar, and Education sectors. This is because they are the sectors that the European Union is presently devoting most attention. Therefore, these areas best illustrate Fijian reaction to the importance and effectiveness of EU involvement. Overall, the thesis intends to demonstrate both the efficacy and the attitudes of local representatives to foreign aid programmes, and ultimately provide a unique ‘inside looking out' perspective not typical of publications about Fiji.
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Correia, Éverton Barbosa. „A poética do engenho: a obra de João Cabral sob a perspectiva canavieira“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-04072008-103445/.
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A produção de João Cabral de Melo Neto largamente conhecida pela problematização social, recortada histórica e geograficamente, constitui-se melhor quando considerada em função de seu acabamento formal, que se desdobra de diversas maneiras ao longo de sua trajetória. Essa ambivalência característica será aqui observada a partir da matéria canavieira, presente em quase toda a extensão da obra e que se concentra particularmente no livro Escola das facas. Eixo principal do trabalho, este livro oferece uma compreensão da poesia, que será acionada através da subjetividade poética configurada em meio ao universo familiar, pernambucano e historiográfico, que se embaralham para constituir uma experiência singular e que se alimenta da experiência histórica do autor e dos seus antepassados, convertidas em matéria de várias composições suas. Observando alguns poemas, pretende-se dispor de certa dimensão da expressão do poeta que se entrelaça na representação do universo canavieiro e na elaboração literária que lhe vem a ser característica.The work of João Cabral de Melo Neto, usually known by its social references, historical and geographical ones, has also been characterized by its formal completion in diverse ways throughout his trajectory. This thesis intends to analyze those aspects through a specific point of view: the sugar cane universe, theme of many of his poems, mostly in Escola das Facas, aim of this study. The mentioned book offers a particular comprehension of that poetry, appreciated through poetical subjectivity, which shall be conceived by the relation between the poet, his family and their historical experience in Pernambuco, converted into the substance of his poems. Observing Cabral´s work, it is plausible to verify a certain expression of the author, interlaced by the sugar cane universe representation and his literary elaboration.
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Rewinkel, Kimberly Erin. „Representations of Housewife Identity in BBC Home Front Radio Broadcasts, 1939-1945“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1363267060.
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Howard, Niala Lynn. „Sugar Hill: Architectural, Cultural and Historic Significance of an Early Twentieth Century African American Neighborhood in New Orleans, Louisiana“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/617.
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Across the United States, efforts are being made to document African American history and its contribution to the development of this country. At all levels of government and through individual research, attempts are being made to recognize and pay tribute to the role of the Black American. These efforts involve documenting the architectural, cultural, historical, scientific, and social contributions. In New Orleans, the Black American played a major role in the development of the city. For most of the 20th century, African Americans have been the majority of the population. However, little has been done to document their rich architectural and cultural contributions. This thesis involves original research on the architectural, cultural and historic significance of the properties in the Sugar Hill neighborhood of New Orleans. This research will be used to determine if this neighborhood meets the National Park Service's criteria to be recognized as a National Register District. Keywords: New Orleans, African American, and Historic
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Goethe, Renee Lynn. „King Dagobert, the saint, and royal salvation: the shrine of Saint-Denis and propaganda production (850-1319 C.E.)“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2212.
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By the early fourteenth century, the royal basilica of Saint-Denis had become the most visible sign of the union between the rule of secular kings and the enduring French church. Two notable abbots had been entrusted as regents for the throne, many of the abbots of the Carolingian period had been lay abbots and local nobles, and the basilica had claimed the right to bury the kings of France for centuries. However, the success of the abbey in creating the privileges they enjoyed has obscured the work needed to claim these rights. Powerful abbots in the course of the history of Saint-Denis used the tools they had to construct an argument to the kings; that in Saint-Denis alone did the kings have the best hope of finding salvation. Only St.-Denis himself could guarantee that a king, who may be stained with sins of a different nature than those of ordinary people, would gain heaven.
By the mid-ninth century, Abbot Hilduin of Saint-Denis had composed a consolidated account of the life of the saint he served. In his hands, Denis became the early convert of Paul and first bishop of Athens, author of two essential early Christian visionary accounts, first bishop and missionary to Gaul, and the martyred bishop of Paris. Scholarship on Hilduin’s vita has picked apart his sources, noted where he created references wholesale and ignored the discrepancies in the time line, in order to create the most important and international of saints. What has been less well noted is the creation of another kind of vita, this one commissioned from Hilduin’s pupil Hincmar, who was later to take on the role of archbishop of Rheims Cathedral. The Gesta Dagoberti regis, composed around the same time as Hilduin’s Post beatam et salutiferam, created the myth of the roi fondateur which was to serve the purposes of the abbey well in later centuries.
Dagobert I became the founding king of the abbey, despite evidence that he did little other than decorate the shrine of the eighth century and be buried there. In the Gesta Dagoberti regis, Hincmar wove together some of the chronicle accounts of the Merovingian king with miraculous visions and deeds of St.-Denis to construct a powerful argument for royal patronage of the abbey. Dagobert thus discovered the abandoned shrine, constructed a new building, designated it a monastery and funded it lavishly, then had himself buried there. He was the exemplar for later kings, and the abbots of Saint-Denis utilized the ninth century account of Dagobert as they struggled to retain the loyalty of the kings and made a bid to be the official necropolis for Frankish royalty.
Over the course of five centuries, the tale of the founding king grew, as such stories do. Each expansion of Dagobert’s biography, and by extension, the biography of the abbey, came during points of stress between the kings and the royal basilica. For while the monks of the abbey may have believed, by the eleventh century, that the bodies of the kings belonged in their church, the royal family at times had other ideas. As newer competing institutions offered advantages not available at Saint-Denis for those buried on their sites, the monks produced new and enhanced accounts of the founding king and the benefits of taking St.-Denis as the patron.
This dissertation begins with the fundamental question: why was King Dagobert so conspicuously present in the production of art and Dionysian symbolism? Covering the mid-ninth century through the year of 1319, the best answer must be that the abbey believed the story of this otherwise obscure Merovingian king served them well in promoting their site as the proper final resting place for the kings. In the process, Saint-Denis became the most enduring and powerful religious institutions of medieval France, gathering a reputation as a site for miraculous healing and the foundation for the claims of legitimacy made by the ruling houses of France. So successful was this campaign that, during the French Revolution, Saint-Denis was stripped of the bones of the royal dead and partially demolished. It is worth noting, however, that at its foundation, Saint-Denis was only one of several abbeys founded by kings, and was one of many that housed the royal dead. Its rise to prominence was not foreordained; it was carefully constructed, gradually, over the course of centuries. King Dagobert was one of the essential elements used to gain ascendancy.
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Chaviano, Pérez Lizbeth Jhoanna. „Trinidad, una historia económica basada en el azúcar, 1765-1848“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129810.
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Desde la sexta década del siglo XVIII el azúcar hizo su irrupción en Trinidad; en la última década del mismo siglo se consolidó como actividad económica fundamental. El contexto geopolítico, así como las particularidades del territorio, en especial su ubicación geográfica permitió que encontrara en las relaciones con sus vecinos caribeños los medios para hacerse del capital necesario para desarrollar su economía azucarera. El auge de esta actividad, mantenido hasta 1848, puede explicarse desde el análisis de factores productivos como la tierra, la fuerza de trabajo y la tecnología; además de otros aspectos vinculados a la economía del territorio como el contrabando, la demografía, las características del abastecimiento de mano de obra esclava y el comercio.From the sixth decade of the eighteenth century sugar made its appearance in Trinidad, in the last decade of the century was consolidated as a key economic activity. The geopolitical context and the particularities of the territory, especially its location allowed found in relations with its Caribbean neighbors the means to take the necessary capital to develop its economy. The rise of the sugar industry, remained until 1848, can be explained from the analysis of factors of production such as land, labor and technology, and other aspects relating to the local economy as smuggling, demographics, characteristics supply of slave labor and trade.
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Oliveira, Eliana Cristo de. „A forma??o do Distrito de Rebou?as: origem do munic?pio de Sumar?“ Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2008. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/64.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-26This work analyzes the process of estrutura??o of the initial area of the city of Sumar? in the end of century XIX and beginning of century XX, when this city still was called quarter of Rebou?as, town of Rebou?as and later from 1916 turned the District Rebou?as that in this period was under the administration of Campinas. It analyzes the involved elements and social agents in the space configuration and in the drawing of the urban mesh of Rebou?as that if it initiates in final century XIX, this inquiry also carries through the rescue of the urban history of Rebou?as, considering the participation of the tracks and the building of the Rebou?as Station for passengers and loads, both constructed in 1875 for the S?o Paulo Company of Railroads, the forms of appropriation and use of this space, that disclose therefore the conception of world and the necessities in the temporality-space that they had been produced.
Este trabalho analisa o processo de estrutura??o da ?rea inicial da cidade de Sumar? no final do s?culo XIX e in?cio do s?culo XX, quando este munic?pio ainda era chamado de bairro de Rebou?as , povoado de Rebou?as e depois a partir de 1916 virou o Distrito de Rebou?as que neste per?odo estava sob a administra??o de Campinas. Analisa os elementos e os agentes sociais envolvidos na configura??o espacial e no desenho da malha urbana de Rebou?as que se inicia no final s?culo XIX, esta investiga??o tamb?m realiza o resgate da hist?ria urbana de Rebou?as, considerando a participa??o dos trilhos e do pr?dio da Esta??o Rebou?as para passageiros e cargas, ambos constru?dos em 1875 pela Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro, as formas de apropria??o e uso desse espa?o, que revelam portanto a concep??o de mundo e das necessidades na temporalidade-espa?o que foram produzidos.
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Medeiros, Andréia Medolago de. „Técnicas de produção de açúcar no Brasil colonial: as edições do livro Cultura e opulência do Brazil“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13271.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-10Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Sugar production in Brazil begins with occupation of the colony and during the 18th Century is one of the most important activities developed in Brazil. The lack of investment and high charges levied by Portugal, in addition to the restrictions on the press have hampered innovations. The only published work in Brazil dedicated to main items produced in Brazil sugar, tobacco and gold is made by Antonil, titled Culture and Opulence of Brazil: for its drugs and mines, being collected and burned shortly after its publication. With the creation of the Literary Home of Arco do Cego, Frei Veloso dedicates a series of works devoted to agricultural improvement, many of which related to the sugar production. It is in this context that, in 1800, Veloso republished partially the work of Antonil, adding to it an appendix with the indication of a new milling. In this work we will expose the techniques used in the sugar production, throughout the 18th century in Brazil, seeking, on the one hand, studying the methods of sugar production and, on the other hand, to analyze the possible changes in techniques, arising from the need to improve the yield of the sugar from the mills of Pernambuco, in the early 19th century
A produção de açúcar no Brasil se inicia com a ocupação da colônia e ainda durante o século XVIII é uma das mais importantes atividades desenvolvidas no Brasil. A falta de investimentos e os altos encargos cobrados por Portugal, além da restrição à imprensa dificultam as inovações. A única obra publicada no Brasil dedicada aos principais itens produzidos no Brasil açúcar, tabaco e ouro - é feita por Antonil, com o título de Cultura e Opulência do Brasil: Por Suas Drogas e Minas, sendo recolhida e queimada logo após sua publicação. Com a criação da Casa Literária do Arco do Cego, Frei Veloso dedica uma série de obras voltadas ao melhoramento agrícola, muitas delas direcionadas à produção de Açúcar. É nesse contexto que, em 1800 Veloso republica parcialmente a obra de Antonil, adicionando a ela um apêndice com a indicação de uma nova moenda. Neste trabalho vamos expor as técnicas utilizadas na produção do açúcar, ao longo do século XVIII no Brasil, buscando, por um lado, estudar os métodos de produção do açúcar e, por outro, analisar as possíveis modificações nas técnicas, decorrentes da necessidade de melhorar o rendimento do açúcar obtido nos engenhos de Pernambuco, no início do século XIX
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SÃ, Maria Yacà Carleial Feijà de. „Os Homens que Faziam o Tupinambà Moer:ExperiÃncia e Trabalho em Engenhos de Rapadura no Cariri (1945-1980)“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=977.
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Os homens que faziam o Tupinambà moer à um estudo sobre um dos mais importantes engenhos do Cariri Cearense. Uma histÃria de seus trabalhadores, de suas experiÃncias na arte de fazer rapadura, de suas prÃticas de sociabilidade e estratÃgias nos embates com os patrÃes. VivÃncias permeadas por transformaÃÃes socioeconÃmicas marcadas pela chegada da energia elÃtrica, que âesculhambou a moagemâ, e pela implantaÃÃo de uma usina de aÃÃcar. ModernizaÃÃes que afetaram a produÃÃo rapadureira e o mundo dos trabalhadores de um engenho, que apÃs 130 anos de moagens, tornou-se fogo morto, confirmando-se como lugar de memÃrias.The men that made Tupinambà press sugar cane is a study of one of the most important engenhos (traditional sugar cane mills) of the Cariri region in CearÃ. A history of its workers, of their experiments in the art of making rapadura (brown sugar bricks), of their practical social relations and strategies in conflicts with their employers. Life experiences permeated by socioeconomic changes marked by the arrival of electrical power, which âscrewed up the sugar cane pressingâ, and by the installation of a modern usina (sugar producing industrial plant). Modernizations that have affected rapadura production and the world of the workers of an engenho that, after 130 years of sugar cane pressing, has become dead fire and established itself as a place for memories.
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Cordeiro, Leandro Ribeiro. „A (re)valorização do patrimônio e as transformações da paisagem: o exemplo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2467.
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Este trabalho apresenta as principais perspectivas estabelecidas a partir da utilização do patrimônio herdado da atividade canavieira no desenvolvimento da atividade turística, na região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, discutiremos os principais conceitos que permitem entender como áreas consideradas rurais ou marcadas por uma história vinculada a alguma atividade agrícola passam por um processo de transformação e são inseridas em uma nova fase. Essas transformações são percebidas nos espaços chamados de rurais e aparecem hoje com uma nova perspectiva de utilização, antes eram destinados exclusivamente às atividades agrícolas. Outro aspecto verificado é que paisagens singulares acabam se constituindo em patrimônios culturais, na medida em que se tornam representações sociais. A paisagem então acaba sendo relacionada à memória e à identidade local. Nos municípios estudados ela é marcada pelas tradicionais plantações de cana-de-açúcar, que ao longo de mais de um século influenciou a vida e o cotidiano daquela porção do espaço fluminense, permitindo uma arquitetura e uma paisagem peculiar. Desta forma, nosso objetivo é entender como a paisagem é utilizada no desenvolvimento da atividade turística como recurso a ser explorado, além de tentarmos visualizar os principais agentes que promovem as iniciativas de (re)valorização patrimonial e como o espaço é modificado com tal atividade.This paper presents the main perspectives established from the use of property inherited from de sugar cane plantation activity in the developing of the tourism activity, in the northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In order to do so, the main concepts which allow us to understand how areas once considered rural or known as linked to any type of agricultural activity go through a process of transformation by which they end up inserted into a new stage will be discussed. These transformations are perceived in the spaces once called rural areas but nowadays show up with a new perspective of usage, and which before were exclusively destined to agricultural activities. Another aspect which may be noticed is of the singular sceneries which constitute cultural patrimonies, in the sense as they became socially representative. The scenery then ends up linked to the local identity. In the districts studied these previously mentioned sceneries are marked by the traditional sugar cane plantations, which for more than one century deeply influenced the life and the everyday of that portion of the local life, allowing a peculiar architecture and scenery. Thus, this paper aims at the understanding of how the scenery may be used in the developing of the tourism activity as a means of financial profit. In addition, an attempt to visualize the main characters which promote the property re-valorization and how the scenery is modified by the tourism activity will also be performed
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Teixeira, Eber Mariano. „"Amanhã é outro dia": falas, memórias e outras histórias de trabalhadores cortadores-de-cana em General Salgado SP, 1980 2008“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13218.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-25Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present research aims to quest experiences of life for the workers sugar cane cutter at the General Salgado city, northwest region of São Paulo. The coming of these workers sugar cane cutter the field, and of other cities, mainly of the northeast region, represented new situations/tensions -, propagated for regional the local press/expressing and feeding reactions of different groups of the city, the region, ahead of the impact caused for this presence in the city. Searching to give visibility to the problematic ones lived by these workers, I look for to make a reflection in co-authorship with them, appealing to the ways as they interpret and they tell its experiences. Experiences that if they enunciate in the ways to work, to live, to socialize, in the proper forms of living, acting and interpreting the life, that we take and we analyze in ampler dimensions of the historical process. I searched to understand as these workers face, in the daily one, the processes of changes in the productive relations front to the mechanization of the sugar cane cut, the fight to guarantee the sustenance of the family -, as (re) they construct the convivial, (re) elaborate and internalize the values, customs, without losing of sight the tensions/social contradictions that produce and constitute in the spaces lived for the workers in its trajectories between the field and the city. From these questions placed in the present I started to reflect on the significant presence of the workers sugar cane cutter in General Salgado, disputing places and firming presence in the city in search of better conditions of life and work
A presente pesquisa problematiza as experiências vividas pelos trabalhadores cortadores-de-cana na cidade de General Salgado, região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. A vinda destes trabalhadores cortadores-de-cana do campo e de outras cidades, principalmente da região nordeste, representou novas situações/tensões, veiculadas pela imprensa local/regional, expressando e alimentando reações de diferentes grupos da cidade, da região, diante do impacto causado por essa presença na cidade. Buscando dar visibilidade às problemáticas vividas por esses trabalhadores, procurei fazer uma reflexão em co-autoria com eles, recorrendo aos modos como interpretam e relatam suas experiências. Experiências que se enunciam nos modos de trabalhar, de morar, de sociabilizar, nas formas próprias de viver, agir e de interpretar a vida, que se toma e se analisa em dimensões mais amplas do processo histórico. Busquei compreender como estes trabalhadores enfrentam, no cotidiano, os processos de mudanças nas relações produtivas frente à mecanização do corte-de-cana, a luta para garantir o sustento da família , como (re) constroem convivências, (re) elaboram e internalizam valores, costumes, sem perder de vista as tensões/contradições sociais que engendram e constituem nos espaços vividos pelos trabalhadores em suas trajetórias entre o campo e a cidade. A partir dessas questões postas no presente é que comecei a refletir sobre a presença significativa dos trabalhadores cortadores-de-cana em General Salgado, disputando lugares e firmando presença na cidade em busca de melhores condições de vida e trabalho
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Araújo, Valterlan Teixeira. „A CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA EMPRESA AGRÍCOLA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM ITAPACI/GO: impactos socioeconômicos, na família dos pequenos proprietários rurais“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2267.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-26The aim of this research is to discuss the cultural impacts on the families of farmers in relation to the consolidation of the Agricultural Company of Sugar Cane. The sugar cane industry in Brazil historically supports the centralization of land and capital, with a trend of technological improvements that holds and excludes the human workforce. The household production in turn, plays a key role in delivering the products that make the bulk of the basic needs of low income families, contributing to the exports of agricultural products, which enhances and diversifies the human and environmental resources. In this context, it is thought that the cultivation of sugar cane in this micro region broke the routine of farmers, giving these families no chance to establish themselves in accordance with the requirements of the city way of life. In this context, trough a on the spot interview, the backgrounds of fifteen families were built from the ground up , and all these farmers leased land to the Vale Verde Mill. The data were analyzed from a dialectics point of view, which considers the relationship between subjects and informants. These interviews uncovered the core and the values of the native culture, showing the changes that occur because of the migration from the countryside to the cities. Therefore this research shows the social, cultural and economic impacts of the implementation of the sugarethanol industry in this area.
Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir os impactos socioeconômicos e culturais em famílias de agricultores da cidade de Itapaci, Goiás, decorrentes da consolidação da empresa agrícola da canade- açúcar. A indústria da cana no Brasil, historicamente, preconiza a centralização de terras e capital, apresentando uma tendência de verticalização tecnológica poupadora e excludente de força de trabalho humano. A produção familiar, por sua vez, desempenha um papel fundamental na oferta de produtos que compõem a cesta básica das populações de baixa renda, contribuindo na pauta de exportações de origem agrícola, as quais otimizam e diversificam os recursos humanos e ambientais. Nesse contexto, pensa-se que o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, nessa região, desarticulou a rotina desses produtores, não dando a essas famílias a chance de se estabelecerem conforme as exigências do modo de vida citadino. Nesse contexto, por meio de entrevista in locu, constituíram-se históricos de vida de quinze famílias campesinas, sendo todas produtoras arrendatárias de terras para a Usina Vale Verde. Os dados levantados foram analisados numa perspectiva da dialética, na qual consideram-se as relações de interação entre os sujeitos informantes e pesquisados. Essas entrevistas possibilitaram verificar os sedimentos e valores da cultura nativa e as transformações ocorridas pela migração do homem campo para a cidade. Portanto, essa pesquisa possibilitou o levantamento dos impactos provocados pela implementação da empresa sucroalcoleira nessa espacialidade, tanto nos aspectos culturais quanto sociais e econômicos.
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Touchelay, Marie-Christine. „La Guadeloupe, une île entreprise, des années 1930 aux années 1960 : les entrepreneurs, le territoire, l’État“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD009/document.
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L'objectif de cette étude est de démontrer le poids des entreprises sucrières dans l'histoire de la Guadeloupe. Installées puis maintenues par la France, elles retardent l'aménagement d'un espace public comme l'apprentissage de la notion de service public, invitant à qualifier ce territoire d'île entreprise. Incarnée par le groupe d'entrepreneurs qui les administrent localement des années 1930 aux années 1960, la domination de l'industrie sucrière repose sur l'héritage de l'île à sucre, qui constitue sa force par l'ancienneté de l'activité autant que sa faiblesse par les stigmates de l'esclavage qui pèsent sur les relations entrepreneuriales. Constitué dans les années 1930, quand l’État colonial fait dépendre l'économie de son activité sucrière, le groupe patronal de la Guadeloupe la transforme en île du sucre, dépendante de l'exportation de sa monoculture cannière. En grande partie interrompue par le second conflit mondial, l'exportation stoppée n'empêche pas l'industrie sucrière de perdurer sur une île désormais île à stocks, mettant en évidence l'absurdité du système économique. Confortés par la colonisation, les mêmes entrepreneurs sucriers s'activent encore dans le nouveau département après 1946 et confirment son statut d' île-entreprise. La déprise des entreprises sucrières coïncide avec la cessation d'activité professionnelle de la plupart des acteurs qui les ont faites vivre, laissant le champs libre à un apprentissage du service public par le territoire à partir de la fin des années 1960The objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of sugar companies in Guadeloupe's history. Established and then maintained by France, they delay the development of a public space as well as the apprenticeship in the concept of public service, thus inviting to qualify this territory as an enterprise island. Embodied by the group of entrepreneurs who administer them locally from the 1930s to the 1960s, the domination of the sugar industry is based on the sugar island's legacy, which constitutes its strength through its long-standing activity as much as its weakness by the stigma of slavery that weighs on entrepreneurial relations. Created in the 1930s, when the colonial state made the economy dependent on its sugar industry, the Guadeloupe employers' group transformed it into a island for sugar, dependent on the export of its sugar cane monoculture. The disruption of exports during the Second World War does not hinder the sugar industry from surviving on an island now a stockpile island, highlighting the absurdity of the economic system. Having been comforted by colonization, the same sugar entrepreneurs are still active after the island becomes a french department in 1946 and confirms its status as an enterprise island. The decline of sugar companies coincides with the cessation of the professional activity of most of the actors who made them live, leaving the field open to a public service apprenticeship by the territory from the late 1960s onwards
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Freire, Diego Jos? Fernandes. „Contando o passado, tecendo a saudade: a constru??o simb?lica do engenho a?ucareiro em Jose Lins do Rego (1919-1943)“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16985.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-24Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In this work I have searched the symbolical sense of a specific place. I have started from the theoretical assumption that places are social relations resulting from material and symbolical conditions developed in a certain time and by certain factors. In this sense, I have analyzed the symbolical aspect of sugar plantation from some literary works created by the writer Jos? Lins do Rego from the state of Para?ba. I intend to analyze the symbolical dimension senses, values and images used by this writer to show the sugar plantation. Giving special attention to the works from the named cycle of sugar plantation , I have searched for the senses and meanings used in Jos? Lins do Rego literary discourse to create a fictional sugar plantation, showing this place in a specific way. Based in cultural history, I have used several sources: literary works, prefaces of books, memory works, journalistic works, letters written by intellectual men and history books. My time of analysis is from 1919 the beginning of Jos? Lins do Rego s intellectual activity - until 1943 publication of Fogo Morto, last literary work that I have analyzed. In symbolical terms, what is sugar plantation, this place that has totally touched Jos? Lins do Regos life and literary work? That was the structural question that has determined the present research
Investigamos neste trabalho a constru??o simb?lica de uma determinada espacialidade. Partimos do pressuposto te?rico que os mais diferentes espa?os s?o constru??es sociais, fruto de investimentos materiais e simb?licos, realizados em dados momentos e por determinados fatores. Nesse sentido, examinamos a fabrica??o simb?lica do engenho a?ucareiro a partir de algumas produ??es liter?rias do romancista paraibano Jos? Lins do Rego. Almejamos inquirir acerca da dimens?o simb?lica significados, valores e imagens mobilizada por esse literato para constituir a propriedade canavieira. Concedendo uma aten??o especial ?s obras do chamado ciclo da cana de a??car , questionamos-nos sobre os sentidos e significados agenciados pelo discurso liter?rio de Jos? Lins para ficcionar o engenho, forjando essa espacialidade de uma dada maneira. Situando-nos no campo da hist?ria cultural, trabalhamos com uma variedade de fontes: romances liter?rios, pref?cios de livros, escritos memorial?sticos e jornal?sticos, cartas trocadas entres intelectuais e livros de hist?ria. Nosso recorte temporal vai de 1919 in?cio da atividade intelectual de Jos? Lins - a 1943 publica??o de Fogo Morto, ?ltimo romance por n?s analisado. Em termos simb?licos, o que seria o engenho, essa espacialidade que marcou soberanamente a vida e a obra liter?ria de Jos? Lins do Rego? Foi o questionamento estrutural que moveu a corrente pesquisa
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Berné, Damien. „Saint-Denis. L'espace et la mémoire du XIIème au début du XVIème siècle“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040022.
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L'activité liturgique et commémorative dont l'abbatiale de Saint-Denis est le cadre a des effets sur sa configuration spatiale bien après l'achèvement de sa construction en 1281. L'adjonction de chapelles latérales au flanc nord de la nef, en 1320-1324, ou les créations et transferts d'autels recensés à la fin du Moyen Âge mettent en évidence le phénomène de pression liturgique qui s'exerce sur l'édifice en marge de ses fonctions principales, c'est-à-dire le culte de saint Denis et l'entretien de la mémoire royale. L’étude des chapellenies et services anniversaires fondés à ses autels entre 1108 et le début du XVIe siècle éclaire le réseau mémoriel qui se forme autour de l'abbaye au cours de cette période, mais aussi l'évolution de la politique des moines vis-à-vis des laïcs. À partir du deuxième quart du XIVe siècle, l'abbé et le chapitre cherchent à canaliser le flux dévotionnel des fondations, y compris royales, tandis que les prêtres de la collégiale Saint-Paul voisine et des paroisses de l'exemption dionysienne sont progressivement associés à leur desserte, formant avec les moines une même communauté. La lecture de la répartition des tâches au sein de l’abbatiale et de ses dépendances, qui vise à reconstituer une géographie de la mémoire à Saint-Denis, révèle l'existence d'espaces réservés et un contrôle strict de la destination des autels, notamment de ceux du chevet. Ainsi, la plupart des officiers claustraux de l'abbaye sont associés spécifiquement à l'un des autels à reliques des chapelles rayonnantes depuis, semble-t-il, l'abbatiat de Suger. Cette exclusivité d'usage ne semble pas repérable dans d'autres établissements comparables, apportant un nouvel exemple de l'unicité dionysienneThe commemorative and liturgical functions of Saint-Denis influenced the abbey’s spatial configuration for centuries after construction of the core of the church ended in 1281. The addition of lateral chapels on the north side of the nave in 1320-1324, like the creation and movement of altars during the next two hundred years, resulted from the expansion of the abbey’s liturgical engagement beyond its primary responsibilities for the cult of Saint Denis and the commemoration of the kings of France. This study of the chaplaincies and anniversary services established between 1108 and the early sixteenth century casts light on the memory network that develops around the abbey during this period, but also the evolution of the abbey’s policies toward the laymen. From the second quarter of the 14th century onwards, the abbots and chapter try to control the foundations flow (including royal ones). Furthermore, the priests of the collegiate church of Saint-Paul located near the abbey as well as parishes enjoying Dyonisian immunity were gradually associated with services at the abbey’s chapels and thereby incorporated into the Dyonisian community. Focused on the services performed within the abbey church and the establishments immediately dependent on it, this study aims to reconstitute a geography of memory at Saint-Denis. It reveals that the services performed at the different altars were strictly controlled, particularly in the restricted area of the chevet. Therefore, apparently from the time of Abbot Suger, each claustral official of the abbey was generally associated with a specific altar in the radiating chapels. This exclusivity thus distinguished Saint-Denis from other similar establishments, providing yet another example of the uniqueness of the royal abbey
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Almeida, Antonio Alves de. „Marcados pela desigualdade: o trabalho escravo na cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo (1995-2010)“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12654.
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-20Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Slavery was officially abolished in Brazil on May 13, 1888. However, in practice it remains and today has elements of the present and the past. As in Brazil, slavery labor in the contemporary world is a reality that affects at least 27 million people, according to Kevin Bales. In our country this phenomenon can be seen in urban and rural life. In this latter, it can be found in all Brazilian states in different agricultural crops and economic sectors, such as livestock, charcoal, culture of soybean, apple, mate, orange, sugar cane etc. According to Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), the alcohol sector in recent years has been the leader in the number of workers freed in Brazil. In São Paulo, the richest state in this federation, has also been reported as a state of over-exploitation and slavery labor. These workers are mostly migrants (miners and Northeast people). They leave their homeland due to lack of minimum conditions of survival and go to São Paulo to "earn a living and send money to their families. There is an "invisible" world in the middle of sugarcane plantations. In these fields, workers have to cut around fifteen tons of cane in a day, under very high temperatures and still suffering from burns when placing cane fires, cuts in upper and lower limbs and poisonous animal bites. Many workers die from overwork called the death tired". Others acquire diseases like cancer and herniated disc. Useless to work, they are discarded by the owners and have to live their lives with their relatives or friends. Many of these workers are still coerced in the "new slave quarters , shacks and slums in the suburbs, which are usually overcrowded and without the minimal conditions of hygiene and safety. In this context of precarious employment and human dignity, these workers have just the support of governmental agencies and civil society. In this latter, we highlight the CPT and the Migrants Pastoral Services (SPM). This research aims to bring to light the actions of these two Catholic Church groups from the sugar cane cutters in the state of Sao Paulo. The work of the CPT and the SPM is extremely important to the sugar cane workers to live their lives with more dignity. These institutions help to coin the term slavery labor and they act with the workers bringing them conscious about their directs and encouraging them to fight for their rights. Also, executes a variety of complaints always relying on national and international legislation
A escravidão foi abolida oficialmente no Brasil no dia 13 de maio de 1888. Todavia, na prática ela se manteve, embora tenha se transformado e, na atualidade apresenta elementos do velho e do novo. Assim como no Brasil, o trabalho escravo contemporâneo no mundo é uma realidade que atinge no mínimo 27 milhões de pessoas, segundo Kevin Bales. Em nosso país, se constata este fenômeno no meio urbano e rural. Neste último, ele é encontrado em todos os estados brasileiros em diferentes culturas agrícolas e setores da economia, como na agropecuária, na carvoaria, na cultura da soja, da maçã, da erva mate, da laranja, da cana-de-açúcar etc. Segundo dados da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), o setor sucroalcooleiro nos últimos anos tem sido campeão no número de trabalhadores libertados no Brasil. Em São Paulo, o estado mais rico da federação, também se constata casos de superexploração e de trabalho escravo. Estes trabalhadores são em grande parte migrantes (mineiros e nordestinos). Eles deixam sua terra natal por falta de condições mínimas de sobrevivência e vão para as terras paulistas ganhar a vida e enviar recursos financeiros para a manutenção de suas respectivas famílias. Há um mundo invisível no meio dos canaviais. No eito, os trabalhadores têm que cortar em torno de quinze toneladas de cana ao dia, sob temperaturas altíssimas e ainda sofrem acidentes como queimaduras ao colocarem fogo na cana, cortes nos membros superiores e inferiores e picadas de animais peçonhentos. Muitos deles chegam a morrer por excesso de trabalho a morte cansada . Outros adquirem doenças como câncer e hérnia de disco. Imprestáveis ao trabalho, este canavieiros são descartados pelos usineiros e passam a viver de favor com parentes ou amigos. Muitos deles ainda são violentados nas novas senzalas , barracos e cortiços na periferia das cidades, superlotados e sem condições mínimas de higiene e segurança. Nesse quadro de precarização do trabalho e da dignidade humana, esses trabalhadores contam com o apoio de órgãos governamentais e da sociedade civil. Nesta última, destacam-se a CPT e o Serviço Pastoral dos Migrantes (SPM). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo trazer à luz a atuação destas duas pastorais da Igreja Católica junto aos cortadores e cortadoras de cana no estado de São Paulo. O trabalho da CPT e do SPM é fundamental para os canavieiros viverem com mais dignidade. Estas pastorais ajudam a cunhar o conceito trabalho escravo e atuam junto aos trabalhadores, conscientizando-os dos seus direitos e incentivando-os em suas lutas. Ademais, realizam diversas denúncias, apoiando-se sempre na legislação nacional e internacional
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Pruthi, S. „History of sugar industry in India (Up to 1947)“. Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5714.
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Ratledge, Andrew James. „From promise to stagnation : East India sugar 1792-1865 / Andrew James Ratledge“. Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22106.
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"April 2004"Bibliography: leaves 319-342.
viii, 387 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.
Missing pages in print and digital: 2-5, 37-38, 55, 59, 161, 192-193, 206, 234, 281.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2004
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Mamashila, Mokgoshi John. „Analysis of determinants of South Africa's sugar production and export performance within the tripartite free trade area : a case of raw and refined sugar“. Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23121.
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This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the trends and determinants of
South Africa’s sugar production and exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014.
The specific objectives of the study were (1) to identify trends in South Africa’s sugar
production and exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014; (2) to determine the
drift rate in South Africa’s sugar exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014; (3)
to investigate the correlation between South Africa’s sugar production and exports
between 1996 and 2014; and (4) to determine the factors that affect production and
exports in South Africa’s sugar industry in order to identify the industry’s major
challenges and opportunities for sustained performance.
The secondary data, obtained from the Economic Analysis and Agricultural Statistics
Directorate of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), were
used to meet the first three objectives of the study. The primary data, obtained by
means of a survey questionnaire and interviews with key stakeholders, were used to
meet the fourth objective of the study. A 7-point Likert scale was applied to indicate
the degree to which each of the determining factors are perceived to affect the
performance and resulting competitiveness of the sugar industry. The Johansen test
and Porter’s Diamond Model were the analytical techniques used in the study.
The results of the analysis of the secondary data revealed continued fluctuations in
sugar production in South Africa between 1996 and 2014. On the basis of this, the
researcher rejected the hypothesis that there is no trend in South Africa’s sugar
production. It was therefore concluded that seasonal variations accounted for these
fluctuations in the sugar industry. As determined using the Johansen test, drift rate
variations came to 51%, indicating that there is potential for growth in South Africa’s
sugar exports. This was confirmed by the results of the bivariate correlation between
production and exports which clearly indicated a positive relationship between the two
and prompted the researcher to accept the hypothesis that there is a positive
relationship between the production and export of sugar.
In determining the factors that influence South Africa’s sugar production and exports,
a number of obstacles to competitiveness success were identified. With regard to
sugar production, applying Porter’s Diamond model revealed that the major constraints experienced by respondents in the study area were the availability of
skilled labour; cost of doing business; level of infrastructure development; cost of
infrastructure; water availability; climatic conditions; soil quality; rainfall patterns;
availability of financial services; access to credit; crime; and HIV/AIDS. In terms of
exports, tariffs were found to be the major constraint along with certain of the abovementioned
factors. While the majority of respondents view macroeconomic policy and
trade policy as export constraints, South Africa’s labour, B-BBEE and competition
policies are seen as neither constraining nor supportive. Product design; packaging;
labelling and pricing; as well as the manager’s willingness to export; level of education
and training; length of time in the business; experience; and language had a positive effect on competitive success.Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
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Hsu, Fang-i., und 徐芳儀. „Study on the relationship between Diabetes family history and risk of abnormal blood sugar“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57394829821178194792.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所碩士班
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Background ― Diabetes is one of the most important public health topics in the 21st century. Early diagnosis and prevention are helpful to control and improve the disease.We aimed to evaluate the risks of diabetes among subjects with or without diabetes family history and subjects who live with or without diabetes patients. We hope to develop relationships between diabetes and it’s risk fators such as genetic or environment . Methods ―We collected 223 volunteers subjects with diabetes family history from family members of diabetes patients presented at policlinic or a medical center and a district hospital. We also selected 1199 subjects who answered no diabetes family history known from a data bank of health survey in a community near by the two hospitals.Subjects with diabetes family history was matched by the ratio of 1:3 with sex, age: +-2 years old.The OR of diabetes for risk factors of lineal relations ( father,mother,father and mother),were seel in subjects of case and control groups. Results ― After compared and analyzed the different groups, the study found out that the person who has diabetes family history has better chance than the non- diabetes family history person to suffer from the trouble blood sugar. The risk of having blood sugar anomaly for the person who has the diabetes family history is 3.5 times higher than the person who has non- diabetes family history(95% CI=2.02-6.07, p=0.000). Also the person who lives with the diabetes family history people has better chance to suffer from the blood sugar diseases than the person who doesn’t live with the diabetes family history people. Compare between people who live with and without diabetes patients, people who live with diabetes patients has high chance of getting diabetes. If two people both live without diabetes patient, one come from diabetes history family and the other from non-diabetes family. The ratio of getting diabetes is 25.3% to 13.7%. The risk of blood sugar anomaly is 3.17 times (95% CI=1.70-5.91, p=0.000) higher than the person who has non- diabetes family history and not living with diabetes patient. On the other hand, a person who comes from a diabetes history family and lives with a diabetes patient has 38.5% more chance of having blood sugar anomaly than a person who come form a diabetes history family and does not live with a diabetes patient. In addition, the risk of blood sugar anomaly is 5.59 times higher than a person who has non- diabetes family history and does not lives with diabetes patient. (95% CI=2.57-12.16, p=0.000). In the group age 45 and above, the risk of blood sugar anomaly is 4.21 times higher for a person who has diabetes family history but doesn’t live with diabetes patients than a person from a non-diabetes history family and no diabetes patient in the house hood. (95% CI=2.16-8.22, p=0.001). In addition it is 8.28 times higher than a person who has diabetes family history and lives with a diabetes patient (95% CI=3.40-20.15, p=0.000). On the other hand, lineal relatives affect the chance of getting diabetes the most then collateral relatives and in-law relatives. The risk of blood sugar anomaly in lineal group is 4.21 times higher than a person who has not have diabetes family history (95% CI=2.57-8.14, p=0.000). Conclusions ―In the current study,we found family history of diabetes and the similarity of living condition or habits were important risk factors of blood sugar anomaly. By having a closer blood relationship to the diabetes patient will higher the chance to get diabetes and blood sugar exceptionally, especially in the older people. For early prevention of diabetes and control of blood sugar population with these two characteristics should be targeted as priority of prevention measures.
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Long, Gillian Angela Patricia. „Shadows in the cane: reconstructing history through fiction to responsibly reimagine and make accessible the 1930s history of Cassowary Coast migrant sugar workers“. Thesis, 2021. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/76699/1/JCU_76699_Long_2021_thesis.pdf.
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Gillian Long used a practice led methodology to write a hybrid popular/postcolonial historical novel, aimed at redressing three precedent texts. She found how narrative conflict is constructed, mediated and justified was most relevant to her ethical deliberations of the cultural metanarratives carried by her novel Shadows in the Cane.
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Spiegelman, Hannah. „Pleasure, parlors, phosphates, and the pastoral: ice cream consumption sites and “spa” culture in 19th-century America“. Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41786.
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In 19th-Century America, upper- and middle-class sites of ice cream consumption were exclusive landscapes that conveyed through their design and advertisement ideals formed in European spa culture a century before. European spas promoted pastoralism, escapism, health, and leisure, all concepts that could also be found in American early 19th century pleasure gardens, mid-19th century ice cream parlors, and late 19th century soda fountains. These landscapes reveal how spa culture was intertwined with white gentility and sought to keep the lower classes and black people from enjoying the same resort experiences. By studying landscapes of consumption, we can better understand not only food culture, but also the ways social and cultural norms were enacted and enforced.
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Allen-Mossman, Anayvelyse. „Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904“. Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-v83b-ks89.
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In Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 I examine the relationship between racialization and mechanization in the growing sugar industry in Argentina’s northern province of Tucuman in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I argue that the sugar industrial project yielded an important visual record which foregrounded machine labor at a time when demands on human labor reached a fever pitch. This emphasis on machine labor obscured the existing labor conditions in these industrial landscapes, which involved race-based forms of exploitation. I focus on the particular strategies (posing, framing, lighting and emplacement) that photographers and engravers used to incorporate workers into images of railroad construction sites, factories and plantations—in booster books and state reports related to the sugar industry. Reformers and state officials used these photographs to illustrate arguments that advocated the primacy of one race of worker—creole or European—over the other, and picture ideal labor conditions that contradicted the observations of critics at the time.
Laborers in these photographs were often discussed in terms of their capacity for industrial labor and categorized by race. Given the interdependence between the state and private capital on this industrial project, the distinction between creole, indigenous and European workers was not only believed central to the growth of the sugar industry but also to the unity of the nation-state. The photographic and textual records, including political speeches, express the importance of race as an unstable proxy for the forms and conditions of labor. Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 is divided into three parts, each addressing the different relationships between the state and industry. In my first chapter, “The Instruments of a New Argentina,” I focus on railway photography depicting the construction of a project intended to connect the plantations of the North to the expansive littoral market. Here I focus on how the figure of the capitalist was instrumentalized by statesmen to argue for increased immigration from Europe as a means of industrializing the nation. In the second chapter, “Beyond the Frame,” I explore the graphic documentation of the sugar industry in Tucumán to show how the representation of masses of workers heralded the mass migration of European workers to Tucumán was an ultimately failed project—creole workers predominated in the industry, and in the images the heralded masses built only to a small crowd. Finally, in “His continuous force makes him the machine,” I examine how the first state-commissioned report on the working class depicted relationships between factory workers and the new industrial machines, aestheticizing European workers through their physical proximity to machines and creole workers through their capacity for machine-like labor.
Although many studies about labor and race in industrializing Argentina are historiographical and limited to particular regions, my approach is to mobilize the comparative history of visuality to situate imaginaries of capital within a national and hemispheric context. In addition, by setting my investigation in the context of the Caribbean and North America, my work compares the formation of capital across the Atlantic world and shows how these processes are key to the formation of the Argentine nation-state. By emphasizing the role of creole workers in industrial production, my dissertation challenges commonly-held focus on European immigration in narratives about industrialization and race in Argentina. My dissertation demonstrates that creole workers were in fact central to debates about industrialization and labor within the expanding Argentine nation-state, and that photography is a critical site for understanding how their role was minimized in state narratives.