Zeitschriftenartikel: „Historický dům“

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Cajthaml, Jiri, Darina Kratochvilova und Tomas Janata. „3D Model of Historical Vltava River Valley: Combination of Sources“. Proceedings of the ICA 2 (10.07.2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-14-2019.

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Abstract. Within the framework of the project “Vltava – transformation of historical landscape as a result of floods, dams creation and land-use changes along with cultural and social activities in the river neighbourhood” funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, we deal with many aspects of the Vltava River, considering the significant changes that have taken place in its history. In this paper, we are focusing on the reconstruction of the historic Vltava valley as of 1950s, the period just before the construction of the dam reservoirs cascade on the Vltava River. The aim is to create DTM, which will be the basis of visualizations and analyses of the old river bed.

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Halter, Margaret Jordan, Donna Rolin-Kenny und Faye Grund. „DSM-5: Historical Perspectives“. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 51, Nr. 4 (06.03.2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20130226-03.

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Chen, Siyang, Yunsheng Zhang, Ke Nie, Xiaoming Li und Weixi Wang. „Extracting Building Areas from Photogrammetric DSM and DOM by Automatically Selecting Training Samples from Historical DLG Data“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010018.

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This paper presents an automatic building extraction method which utilizes a photogrammetric digital surface model (DSM) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) with the help of historical digital line graphic (DLG) data. To reduce the need for manual labeling, the initial labels were automatically obtained from historical DLGs. Nonetheless, a proportion of these labels are incorrect due to changes (e.g., new constructions, demolished buildings). To select clean samples, an iterative method using random forest (RF) classifier was proposed in order to remove some possible incorrect labels. To get effective features, deep features extracted from normalized DSM (nDSM) and DOM using the pre-trained fully convolutional networks (FCN) were combined. To control the computation cost and alleviate the burden of redundancy, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to reduce the feature dimensions. Three data sets in two areas were employed with evaluation in two aspects. In these data sets, three DLGs with 15%, 65%, and 25% of noise were applied. The results demonstrate the proposed method could effectively select clean samples, and maintain acceptable quality of extracted results in both pixel-based and object-based evaluations.

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Wahlen, Stefan. „Vom Bedürfnis zur Resonanz: ein soziologisch-ideengeschichtlicher Exkurs“. Haushalt in Bildung & Forschung 9, Nr. 1-2020 (04.03.2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/hibifo.v9i1.03.

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Bedürfnisse und Bedarfsbereiche in verschiedenen Konsumfeldern nehmen in der Ernährungs- und Verbraucherbildung eine zentrale Rolle ein. Die Konzeptualisierung von Konsum wird in diesem Beitrag ideengeschichtlich reflektiert, um den individualistischen Bedürfnisbegriff kritisch zu hinterfragen und mit dem Resonanzbegriff eine mögliche soziologische Alternative vorzustellen.

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Kanamori, Wataru, Yutaka Furusawa, Masahiro Kimura und Keiji Nishizono. „Preservation of historical dam-SAYAMAIKE“. HISTORICAL STUDIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 15 (1995): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalhs1990.15.475.

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Michael Davern, Steven Ruggles, Tami Swenson, J. Trent Alexander und J. Michael Oakes. „Drawing Statistical Inferences from Historical Census Data, 1850–1950“. Demography 46, Nr. 3 (2009): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0062.

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Horák, J., und M. Hejcman. „Use of trace elements from historical mining for alluvial sediment dating“. Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (15.05.2013): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2012-swr.

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We examined whether it is possible to relate concentrations of trace elements in alluvial sediments with records concerning the intensity of mining, and use them as a means of dating. We conducted our research in the medieval mining district of the town of Kutná Hora in the Czech Republic. Samples were collected under the pond dam and analysed for clay, silt and sand content and for As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn concentrations. We observed two main peaks of element concentrations (Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Zn), independent of grain fractions. The peaks were interpreted as a result of human activity. The concentration curves, stratigraphy and location of the dam/alluvium boundary were compared with historical records of mining production. This means of dam dating into the 16th century agreed with historical dating from written sources. Trace elements were also successfully used as stratigraphic markers. The comparison between concentration patterns of V and other well interpreted elements (Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) enabled to recognize a material directly originating from the mines. The elements thus helped to interpret local sedimentation history.

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Diebolt, Claude, Gabriele Franzmann, Ralph Hippe und Jürgen Sensch. „THE POWER OF BIG DATA: HISTORICAL TIME SERIES ON GERMAN EDUCATION“. Journal of Demographic Economics 83, Nr. 3 (24.08.2017): 329–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2017.11.

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AbstractNumerous primary investigators collected and processed long-termed time series on German educational statistics in the context of their studies. As a result, there are a multitude of quantitative empirical studies. On the one hand, there is the project group on German Educational Statistics.1Its projects were targeted at describing and analyzing the long-term structural changes of the German educational system on a broad empirical and statistical basis. On the other hand, there are comprehensive data compilations of individual research projects, focusing on a wide variety of special educational research topics. The online database “histat” provides central digital access to these datasets on German educational history. Currently, it offers more than 120,000 long-term time series on the German educational system for a period of 200 years. The striking size of the database shows its key importance for researchers in the field of education. Thus, this paper aims to provide useful insights into the background of the database, the special characteristics of the data compilations and their analytical potential. Additionally, examples are given of how the data have already been used by researchers.

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Cagé, Julia, und Valeria Rueda. „Sex and the mission: the conflicting effects of early Christian missions on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa“. Journal of Demographic Economics 86, Nr. 3 (September 2020): 213–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2019.16.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the long-term impact of historical missionary activity on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. On the one hand, missionaries were the first to invest in modern medicine in the region. On the other hand, Christianity influenced sexual beliefs and behaviors that affect the risk of contagion. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant and Catholic missions in the early 20th century, as well as the health facilities they invested in, that we combine with individual-level Demographic and Health Survey data. With these data, we can address separately these two channels, within regions close to historical missionary settlements. First, we show that proximity to historical missionary health facilities decreases the likelihood of HIV; persistence in healthcare provision and safer sexual behaviors in the region explain this result. Second, we show that regions close to historical missionary settlements exhibit higher likelihood of HIV. This effect is driven by the Christian population in our sample. This suggests conversion to Christianity as a possible explanatory channel. Our findings are robust to alternative specifications addressing selection.

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Jung Sung Sik. „Dam am Baek-Moonbo's Historical Awareness“. JOURNAL OF KOREAN PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY ll, Nr. 53 (Mai 2017): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35504/kph.2017..53.001.

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Soumya, A. D. Pandey, R. Das, M. J. Mahesh, S. Anvesh und P. Saini. „Structural Analysis of a Historical Dam“. Procedia Engineering 144 (2016): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.05.017.

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Kim, K. M. „ESTIMATION OF STAND HEIGHT AND FOREST VOLUME USING HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY AND FOREST TYPE MAP“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-695-2016.

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Traditional field methods for measuring tree heights are often too costly and time consuming. An alternative remote sensing approach is to measure tree heights from digital stereo photographs which is more practical for forest managers and less expensive than LiDAR or synthetic aperture radar. This work proposes an estimation of stand height and forest volume(m3/ha) using normalized digital surface model (nDSM) from high resolution stereo photography (25cm resolution) and forest type map. The study area was located in Mt. Maehwa model forest in Hong Chun-Gun, South Korea. The forest type map has four attributes such as major species, age class, DBH class and crown density class by stand. Overlapping aerial photos were taken in September 2013 and digital surface model (DSM) was created by photogrammetric methods(aerial triangulation, digital image matching). Then, digital terrain model (DTM) was created by filtering DSM and subtracted DTM from DSM pixel by pixel, resulting in nDSM which represents object heights (buildings, trees, etc.). Two independent variables from nDSM were used to estimate forest stand volume: crown density (%) and stand height (m). First, crown density was calculated using canopy segmentation method considering live crown ratio. Next, stand height was produced by averaging individual tree heights in a stand using Esri’s ArcGIS and the USDA Forest Service’s FUSION software. Finally, stand volume was estimated and mapped using aerial photo stand volume equations by species which have two independent variables, crown density and stand height. South Korea has a historical imagery archive which can show forest change in 40 years of successful forest rehabilitation. For a future study, forest volume change map (1970s–present) will be produced using this stand volume estimation method and a historical imagery archive.

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Kim, K. M. „ESTIMATION OF STAND HEIGHT AND FOREST VOLUME USING HIGH RESOLUTION STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY AND FOREST TYPE MAP“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (23.06.2016): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-695-2016.

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Traditional field methods for measuring tree heights are often too costly and time consuming. An alternative remote sensing approach is to measure tree heights from digital stereo photographs which is more practical for forest managers and less expensive than LiDAR or synthetic aperture radar. This work proposes an estimation of stand height and forest volume(m3/ha) using normalized digital surface model (nDSM) from high resolution stereo photography (25cm resolution) and forest type map. The study area was located in Mt. Maehwa model forest in Hong Chun-Gun, South Korea. The forest type map has four attributes such as major species, age class, DBH class and crown density class by stand. Overlapping aerial photos were taken in September 2013 and digital surface model (DSM) was created by photogrammetric methods(aerial triangulation, digital image matching). Then, digital terrain model (DTM) was created by filtering DSM and subtracted DTM from DSM pixel by pixel, resulting in nDSM which represents object heights (buildings, trees, etc.). Two independent variables from nDSM were used to estimate forest stand volume: crown density (%) and stand height (m). First, crown density was calculated using canopy segmentation method considering live crown ratio. Next, stand height was produced by averaging individual tree heights in a stand using Esri’s ArcGIS and the USDA Forest Service’s FUSION software. Finally, stand volume was estimated and mapped using aerial photo stand volume equations by species which have two independent variables, crown density and stand height. South Korea has a historical imagery archive which can show forest change in 40 years of successful forest rehabilitation. For a future study, forest volume change map (1970s–present) will be produced using this stand volume estimation method and a historical imagery archive.

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Jabłecki, Juliusz, Ryszard Kokoszczyński, Paweł Sakowski, Robert Ślepaczuk und Piotr Wójcik. „Does Historical VIX Term Structure Contain Valuable Information for Predicting VIX Futures?“ Dynamic Econometric Models 14 (15.04.2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/dem.2014.001.

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Yang, S., W. D. Leslie, S. N. Morin, S. R. Majumdar und L. M. Lix. „Antiresorptive therapy and newly diagnosed diabetes in women: a historical cohort study“. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 18, Nr. 9 (26.05.2016): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12678.

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Marchiori, Luca, Olivier Pierrard und Henri R. Sneessens. „THE EU–US UNEMPLOYMENT PUZZLE REVISITED: INSTITUTIONS, DEMOGRAPHY, AND CAPITAL FLOWS“. Journal of Demographic Economics 83, Nr. 3 (24.08.2017): 259–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2017.13.

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AbstractThe historical evolution of the EU–US unemployment-rate gap is often explained in the literature in terms of asymmetric changes in labor-market institutions. There may well also be asymmetries in population aging, which may generate international capital flows and have substantial impacts on relative unemployment rates. In this paper, we ask whether the combination of institutions, aging, and capital flows explains the rise in the unemployment gap between 1960 and 2010. To this end, we set up a two-region OLG model with search unemployment in which we introduce the historical and projected changes in labor-market institutions and demographics. We show that asymmetric institutional changes alone can reproduce a large part of the historical rise in the unemployment gap. However, this result no longer holds once we add asymmetric aging in closed economies. We find this initial result again, and in an even stronger form, when we allow for international capital mobility.

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Jahn, Bernhard. „ENCOMIUM MUSICAE UND MUSICA HISTORICA“. Daphnis 30, Nr. 3-4 (30.03.2001): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-90000761.

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Der Beitrag stellt die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen Musikgeschichtsschreibung und der Gattung des Encomium Musicae in der Frühen Neuzeit. Die Geschichtlichkeit der Musik wird in diesem Zeitraum zunächst als Argument im Rahmen eines Lobes der Musik eingesetzt. Das Encomium Musicae besteht, wie an Texten von Scherffer, Kleinwechter und Printz gezeigt wird, aus vier Topoi (ortus, progressus, usus und abusus musicae). Aus dem Topos progressus musicae entwickelt sich im 18. Iahrhundert die moderne Musikgeschichtsschreibung.

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Murray, John E. „Marital Protection and Marital Selection: Evidence from a Historical-Prospective Sample of American Men“. Demography 37, Nr. 4 (2000): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2000.0010.

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Foster, Mark, Robin Fell und Matt Spannagle. „A method for assessing the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, Nr. 5 (01.10.2000): 1025–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-029.

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A method for estimating the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping, the University of New South Wales (UNSW) method, is based on an analysis of historic failures and accidents in embankment dams. The likelihood of failure of a dam by piping is estimated by adjusting the historical frequency of piping failure by weighting factors which take into account the dam zoning, filters, age of the dam, core soil types, compaction, foundation geology, dam performance, and monitoring and surveillance. The method is intended only for preliminary assessments, as a ranking method for portfolio risk assessments, to identify dams to prioritise for more detailed studies, and as a check on event-tree methods. Information about the time interval in which piping failure developed and the warning signs which were observed suggest that the piping process often develops rapidly, giving little time for remedial action. In the piping accidents, the piping process reached some limiting condition allowing sufficient time to draw down the reservoir or carry out remedial works to prevent breaching.Key words: dams, failures, risk, probability, piping.

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Pilgrim, David. „Historical resonances of the DSM-5 dispute“. History of the Human Sciences 27, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695114527998.

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Katipoğlu, Okan Mert, und İbrahim Can. „Determining the lengths of dry periods in annual and monthly stream flows using runs analysis at Karasu River, in Turkey“. Water Supply 18, Nr. 4 (10.10.2017): 1329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.203.

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Abstract Drought analysis is a vital component of water resources planning and management for dam and hydroelectric power plant (HPP) construction, reservoir operation and flood control. In this study, stochastic models were developed to estimate the monthly and annual flows of the Karasu River in the upper section of the Euphrates River valley. A time series model of flows was established based on the Box–Jenkins methodology. An autoregressive (AR) model was selected as the most suitable model. One hundred synthetic series, having the same length as the historical series (40 years), were produced using the AR model. It was also possible to control whether or not the generated time series maintained the statistical characteristics (mean and standard deviation) of the historical time series. After applying specified threshold levels (q = 0.5; q = 0.3; q = 0.1), the historic and synthetic flow series were subjected to runs analysis. Dry period lengths (run sum and run length) of historic and synthetic flow series were determined. Future droughts are estimated using maximum dry period lengths.

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Cheema, Abdur Rehman, Abid Mehmood und Muhammad Imran. „Learning from the past“. Disaster Prevention and Management 25, Nr. 4 (01.08.2016): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2015-0243.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical analysis of the disaster management structure, policies and institutions in Pakistan between 1947 and 2005, and highlights the contemporary challenges in view of the learning from the past. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a historic-integrative case study approach to disaster management and risk reduction policy, planning and practice. Qualitative data were collected through purposive sampling and a case study design was adopted. A broad range of actors was recruited as research participants. In total, 22 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in relation to this study in six different districts of Pakistan to achieve insight into the role of different institutions and stakeholders. Findings – Overall, the post-colonial flood-centric policy framework and fragmented responsibilities of different disaster management institutions show the lack of an effective institutional structure for disaster management and mitigation in Pakistan, particularly at the local level. Until the event of the 2005 earthquake, policies heavily relied on attaining immediate and short-term goals of response and relief while ignoring the long-term objectives of strategic planning for prevention and preparedness as well as capacity building and empowerment of local institutions and communities. Practical implications – The analysis explains, in part, why disaster planning and management needs to be given due attention in the developing countries at different policy scales (from local to national) especially in the face of limited resources, and what measures should be taken to improve effectiveness at different phases of the disaster management cycle. Originality/value – The paper advances the importance of a historical case study approach to disaster management and mitigation. The empirical work provides original research evidence about the approaches to dealing with disasters in Pakistan and thus enriches existing knowledge of disaster management policy and planning about the country.

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Somanathan, Rohini. „EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION“. Journal of Demographic Economics 84, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.4.

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This special issue on gender comprises articles from four different country settings: Sierra Leone, Senegal, Bangladesh, and Albania. Each uses large secondary data sets to explore how changing market and institutional environments affect gender attitudes and outcomes. In spite of the many historical and contemporary differences in these four economies, we see common difficulties in achieving gender equality.

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MIZUKOSHI, Tatsuo. „Historical review of construction technique for concrete dam.“ Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, Nr. 384 (1987): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1987.384_1.

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Yu, Shien‐Chiang. „Constructing a DRM framework for historical newspaper archives“. Electronic Library 25, Nr. 6 (20.11.2007): 778–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02640470710837191.

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Abramitzky, Ran, und Hanna Halaburda. „Were Jews in interwar Poland more educated?“ Journal of Demographic Economics 86, Nr. 3 (September 2020): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2020.4.

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AbstractIn the context of interwar Poland, we find that Jews tended to be more literate than non-Jews, but show that this finding is driven by a composition effect. In particular, most Jews lived in cities and most non-Jews lived in rural areas, and people in cities were more educated than people in villages regardless of their religion. The case of interwar Poland illustrates that the Jewish relative education advantage depends on the historical and institutional contexts.

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Doumit, Jean. „Structure from motion technology for historic building information modeling of Toron fortress (Lebanon)“. InterCarto. InterGIS 25, Nr. 2 (23.07.2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2019-2-25-288-296.

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Structure from motion (SFM) algorithms greatly facilitates the production of detailed 3D models from photographs we applied this technology for the purposes of Building Information Modeling (BIM) of a historic fortress in Lebanon. Aerial and terrestrial imagery processed in SFM-based software for exterior and interior 3D modeling of the fortress. In this paper, we applied new geospatial technologies, aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry for Historic Building Information Modeling HBIM database construction. The UAV used for aerial photogrammetry, a DJI Phantom 4 pro with a camera of 20 megapixels for building facades capturing and a DSLR camera for the terrestrial photogrammetry inside the fortress. Aerial and terrestrial images processed in Agisoft Photoscan for the construction of Toron fortress HBIM of a block Geographical Information System constituted from points cloud, Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Ortho Models (DOM). HBIM is a novel prototype library of parametric objects, based on historic architectural and archeological data and a system for mapping parametric objects on to point clouds database. As a result, the production of Toron fortress HBIM database containing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) features and entities in the form of sections plans and 3D models for both the analysis and conservation of historic objects, structures, and environments.

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Kasiulis, Egidijus, Petras Punys, Algis Kvaraciejus, Antanas Dumbrauskas und Linas Jurevičius. „Small Hydropower in the Baltic States—Current Status and Potential for Future Development“. Energies 13, Nr. 24 (20.12.2020): 6731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246731.

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Small hydropower (SHP) plays an important role in the Baltic States as a reliable and efficient source of electricity from renewable sources. This study presents the historical development, current status, and possible trends for the future development of SHP in the Baltic States with insights into the legal background and development policies for SHP in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. For the assessment of hydraulic structures in the Baltic States, the historical data was used supplemented with data from hydropower associations, the national departments of statistics, electricity transmission systems operators, etc. The currently recommended best practice for SHP development is the utilisation of existing sites with available infrastructure. These include old water mill sites and existing dam sites, which, in the Baltic States, number more than 1500. The majority of these sites have their power potential attributed to micro-hydro (<100 kW). In this study the potential of the hydropower capacity at historic, currently nonpowered dams is evaluated and the distribution of the micro-hydro sites within the EU network of protected areas under Natura 2000 and nationally designated areas is presented. The potential electricity generation from such historic sites in the Baltic States is more than 200 GWh/year.

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Gomes, Marleide da Mota, und Heber de Souza Maia Filho. „Epileptic seizures in a descendant of Dom Pedro I“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200033.

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Intrauterine seizure is a rare event. Genetic predisposition and trauma are possible risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To review and comment on the historical description of intrauterine events of a bastard daughter of Dom Pedro I (Maria Isabel Alcântara Brasileira - 1830-1896). METHOD: Review of historical facts about the health of Dom Pedro I's daughter according to primary and secondary historical data. RESULTS: According to historical accounts, Dom Pedro I's daughter suffered trauma during the intrauterine period that provoked intrauterine seizures. At the age of eight years, she developed self-limited and benign generalized epilepsy. Like her father, she had mood problems and also learning difficulties. CONCLUSION: Dona Maria Isabel's own report does not shown sufficient evidence to support the diagnosis of post-traumatic intrauterine seizures. Nevertheless, her family history suggests a genetic basis for her epilepsy.

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Zhang, Junjie, Yunpeng Wang und Guangquan Lu. „Extended Desired Safety Margin Car-Following Model That Considers Variation of Historical Perceived Risk and Acceptable Risk“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 20 (07.06.2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773884.

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In this paper, an extended desired safety margin (DSM) car-following model is proposed by accounting for the effect of the variation of historical perceived risk and acceptable risk in terms of the DSM model. By conducting gray correlation analysis, an investigation is carried out into whether the variation of historical perceived risk and acceptable risk has important effects on the acceleration or deceleration of a target vehicle based on a real-vehicle test platform. Through simulated results, the dynamic performance of an extended DSM model is investigated in comparison with the DSM model. Conclusions show that the extended DSM model can better reflect the characteristics of traffic flow compared with the DSM model, and can improve the performance of the vehicle in the start, stop, and car-following processes. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that the extended DSM model can improve traffic safety via the changes of time-to-collision and safety margin when external disturbance is introduced into the leading vehicle. Thus, historical information about target vehicles should be considered to improve the performance of car-following in adaptive cruise control (ACC) and automotive platoon driving.

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McKay, Ailsa J., Laura H. Gunn, Manjula D. Nugawela, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Azeem Majeed, Eszter Vamos, German Molina und Sobha Sivaprasad. „Associations between attainment of incentivized primary care indicators and incident sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy in England: A population‐based historical cohort study“. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 23, Nr. 6 (03.03.2021): 1322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.14344.

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Kulavig, Erik. „Creating the Revolutionary Heroines: The Case of Female Terrorists of the PSR (Russia, Beginning of the 20th Century)“. Nordisk Østforum 33 (10.05.2019): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noros.v33.1686.

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Jeg havde set frem til at læse om de kvindelige terrorrister, der hjemsøgte Rusland i slutningen af det nittende århundrede og i begyndelsen af det tyvende, men dem hører vi desværre ikke så meget om. Havde jeg været tilstrækkeligt opmærksom, da jeg læste bogens titel, kunne jeg have sagt det til mig selv på forhånd og være gået til værket med de rette forventninger og måske undgået noget af min skuffelse. Som titlen nemlig røber, og som man til overmål bliver overbevist om allerede i de indledende kapitler, er det nemlig ikke disse bemærkelsesværdige kvinder, der er bogens anliggende, men konstruktionerne af dem i form af selvbiografier og biografier, og det er jo som bekendt ikke det samme. Forfatteren, der er lektor i historie på Örebro Universitet, er dog ikke mere grebet af postmoderne konstruktionsteori, end hun kan gå med til, at der er en historisk virkelighed, der ligger under konstruktionerne, og som lader sig erkende. Det viser hun i det forholdsvis korte, men velskrevne afsnit om den historiske kontekst for terrorismen og altså for konstruktionerne. Og så til konstruktionerne.

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Magilligan, F. J., C. S. Sneddon und C. A. Fox. „The Social, Historical, and Institutional Contingencies of Dam Removal“. Environmental Management 59, Nr. 6 (25.02.2017): 982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0835-2.

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Knutsen, Carl Henrik, Jan Teorell, Tore Wig, Agnes Cornell, John Gerring, Haakon Gjerløw, Svend-Erik Skaaning et al. „Introducing the Historical Varieties of Democracy dataset: Political institutions in the long 19th century“. Journal of Peace Research 56, Nr. 3 (Mai 2019): 440–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318823866.

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The Historical Varieties of Democracy dataset (Historical V-Dem) contains about 260 indicators, both factual and evaluative, describing various aspects of political regimes and state institutions. The dataset covers 91 polities globally – including most large, sovereign states, as well as some semi-sovereign entities and large colonies – from 1789 to 1920 for many cases. The majority of the indicators come from the Varieties of Democracy dataset, which covers 1900 to the present – together these two datasets cover the bulk of ‘modern history’. Historical V-Dem also includes several new indicators, covering features that are pertinent for 19th-century polities. We describe the data, coding process, and different strategies employed in Historical V-Dem to cope with issues of reliability and validity and ensure intertemporal and cross-country comparability. To illustrate the potential uses of the dataset we describe patterns of democratization in the ‘long 19th century’. Finally, we investigate how interstate war relates to subsequent democratization.

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Boer, Wietse de. „Social Discipline in Italy: Peregrinations of a Historical Paradigm“. Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 94, Nr. 1 (01.12.2003): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2003-0109.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Aufsatz beschä ftigt sich mit dem Ursprung und der Entwicklung der Debatte über Sozialdisziplinierung, Konfessionalisierung und Modernisierung in der italienischen Historiographie seit den frühen 1980er Jahren. Anstoß dieser Diskussionen war der Vorschlag, frühneuzeitliche italienische Geschichte nicht mehr in den Kategorien von Gegenreformation und katholischer Reform zu untersuchen, sondern unter dem Blickwinkel eines Modernisierungsprozesses, der aus einer komplexen Interaktion zwischen Institutionen des Staates und der Kirche einerseits und der Gesellschaft andererseits hervorgegangen sei. Der hier gebotene historiographische überblick macht deutlich, daß dadurch insbesondere die Disziplinierungsbestrebungen der nachtridentinischen Kirche ins Zentrum der Forschung gerückt sind. Die zu Beginn der Debatte geforderte Untersuchung von Interaktionsprozessen sowie die Frage nach den langfristigen Folgen der italienischen Konfessionalisierung sind dagegen noch nicht ausreichend bearbeitet.

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Gonçalves, Arthur Maciel Nunes, Clarissa de Rosalmeida Dantas, Claudio E. M. Banzato und Ana Maria Galdini Raimundo Oda. „A historical account of schizophrenia proneness categories from DSM-I to DSM-5 (1952-2013)“. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental 21, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 798–828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-4714.2018v21n4p798.7.

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The history of diagnostic classifications in psychiatry has been recognized as a privileged means of access to the vicissitudes inherent to the configuration of a scientific and professional field, also bringing significant contributions to conceptual history. We have taken as primary sources the five editions of the DSM (1952-2013) to examine the construction of diagnostic categories related to schizophrenia proneness, indicating the scientific and social contexts related to the development of DSM and psychiatry itself. Along this process we highlight the conditions of possibility for the emergence of the Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome, a highly controversial diagnostic proposal, in the elaboration of DSM-5. This proposal ended up being rejected not only on scientific grounds, but also because of feared unintended consequences.

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Zumr, David, Václav David, Josef Krása und Jiří Nedvěd. „Geophysical Evaluation of the Inner Structure of a Historical Earth-Filled Dam“. Proceedings 2, Nr. 11 (03.08.2018): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110664.

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Small earth dams usually lack the detailed seepage monitoring system that would provide high resolution data on changes in seepage flow. Alternative solution is monitoring of the temperature and electrical resistivity in the body of the dams. Geophysical methods are useful techniques for a non-destructive exploration of the subsurface. We have utilized the combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and multi-depth electromagnetical conductivity meter (CMD) techniques to observe the inner structure, especially internal failures, of the historical earth-filled dams. Longitudinal and transversal profiles of four typical fishpond dams in the Czech Republic were measured within this research. The dams were constructed as early as in the 15th century, some of them went through minor reconstruction. The aim of the application of geophysical methods for investigation of old fishpond dams was to detect and localize the boundary of the dam foundation, new earth material from the reconstruction works, cone of water depression, technical objects location, potential internal erosion, cavities, inhomogeneity in the water content pattern and any other anomalies. The primary results show that the ERT is suitable to observe the dam stratification, dam foundation, bedrock below the dam and large anomalies. GPR is suitable for small objects and anomalies detection in the shallow depths.

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Parry-Jones, B., und W. Ll Parry-Jones. „Pica: Symptom or Eating Disorder? A Historical Assessment“. British Journal of Psychiatry 160, Nr. 3 (März 1992): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.3.341.

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In DSM–III–R, pica, with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and rumination disorder of infancy, is accorded the status of a separate eating disorder. However, in the Draft of ICD–10, only anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are listed under eating disorders. Pica in children, and feeding disorder in infancy and childhood, are incorporated with enuresis, encopresis, and feeding, movement and speech disorders in a separate “heterogeneous group of disorders”. Extensive research on the history and terminology of eating disorders from the 16th to the 20th century suggests that, historically, pica was regarded as a symptom of other disorders rather than a separate entity. This paper aimed to locate and assess chronologically significant definitions and accounts of pica, to provide a fuller clinical description of a condition which, despite its current relevance, has received little detailed historical examination, and to give some consideration to the multiple aetiological theories which have been put forward. The historical findings are related to the descriptive criteria for pica in DSM–III–R and Draft ICD–10.

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Krása, Josef, und Václav David. „Close Range Photogrammetry and Thermal Imagery in Monitoring of Soil Moisture in Dam Structures of Historical Fishponds“. Proceedings 2, Nr. 11 (09.08.2018): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110623.

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Degradation of reservoir dams can lead to water percolation through dam structure. Here, close-range photogrammetry and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) thermal imagery can be used to monitor differences in dam moisture. The article presents a study of the dam of Podvinak Fishpond (Czech Republic). The TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) data (soil moisture), the Theta probe data (soil moisture), and the temperature data of the dam top profile and the grassed area below the dam were compared. Analysis focused on the comparison between sampled data, and UAV data obtained by Optris TIM 450 (Portsmouth, USA) and Flir Tau2 336 (Wilsonville, USA) IR cameras. Based on the study, the spectral resolution, the accuracy of the results, and the reliability of both UAV monitoring systems is similar.

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Warren, Alan. „News: New research published on lessons from historical dam incidents“. Dams and Reservoirs 21, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.2011.21.4.145.

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Garnier, Emmanuel. „Lessons learned from the past for a better resilience to contemporary risks“. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, Nr. 6 (04.11.2019): 786–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0303.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the potentialities offered by a historical approach by addressing its scientific and societal issues as well as its opportunities at the scale of different continents and cultural areas. The authors then show the major role played by traditional societies and indigenous peoples in preserving and transmitting a culture of risk which today is threatened by an unprecedented memory break resulting from the process of globalization. Finally, the authors present two concrete examples of projects aiming to use historical lessons learned to reduce the vulnerability of local communities. Design/methodology/approach Historical documentation provides a series of very varied archives, voluminous and geographically scattered. Several types of series will be studied. Besides the written archives, the authors shall also realize an inventory of all the elements of the cultural heritage and the memory evoking the risks and the vulnerabilities. Findings This study shows how forgetting past disasters has contributed to increasing the vulnerability of the modern societies and building a “society of risk.” Paradoxically, industrialization and the era of the engineer opposed “pre-modern” societies to so-called “modern” societies. In this way, ancestral knowledge and strategies have often been despised in favor of hard defense works whose limits are now being measured after the recent disasters. On the other hand, the paper promotes a different model combining both engineering and local historical/cultural knowledge in order to design a more sustainable and applicable strategy. Originality/value The authors show the major role played by traditional societies and indigenous peoples in preserving and transmitting a culture of risk which today is threatened by an unprecedented memory break resulting from the process of globalization.

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Lackóová, Lenka, und Jana Kozlovsky Dufková. „Historical Terrain Changes Mapping Due to the Wind Erosion Degradation Processes“. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 19, Nr. 1 (01.05.2016): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2016-0004.

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Abstract In this paper we compare the Digital terrain model (DTM) created from contours extracted from the Base Map of Slovakia with the scale of 1 : 10000 from year 1970 and DTM derived from the points measured with the Trimble® R8 GPS receiver with TSC2 data loggers from 2013. The purpose of the provision of these DMTs is to create baseline information that we used in quantifying physical changes due to wind erosion processes in the terrain of selected field in 43 years, since 1970 to present 2013. The comparison of the DTMs was validated by the volumetric method during wind erosion event. The results achieved from the volumetric method show that in one erosion event, about 480 m3 of soil has been eroded and transported to another location. In DTM comparison (43 years) volume amount which was calculated by “3D analyst tool - terrain and TIN surface - Surface difference”, 31,228 m3 of eroded soil was accumulated in the area and 16,236 m3 was lost from the area. Totally 14,922 m3 (5.5 cm height across the whole field) was transported from outlying eroded fields.

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Yang, Yong Min, Zhao Heng Li, Tong Sheng Zhang und Qi Jun Yu. „Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Light-Burned Magnesium Oxide-Containing Concrete for Historical Dam Temperatures“. Key Engineering Materials 744 (Juli 2017): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.45.

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Previous studies showed that curing regime has a significant influence on mechanical properties of light-burned magnesium oxide (MgO) concrete. However, research has been limited mostly to constant-temperature studies, whereas dams manufactured from concrete exist in variable-temperature environments. In order to achieve material performance parameters that agree more closely with engineering practice, the development of mechanical properties of light-burned MgO concrete curing at constant temperature and simulated dam body temperature was studied. The compressive strength, elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strain of light-burned MgO concrete increased with the increase of curing temperature, MgO content and curing age. These constant-temperature properties were similar to those under simulated dam body temperature curing conditions. A comparison of experimental results of simulated dam body temperature curing and constant temperature curing showed that a thermostatic curing system was suitable for calculating the laws of mechanics development for dam concrete.

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Moldovan, Ramona, Mădălina Radu, Adriana Băban und D. L. Dumitraşcu. „Evolution of Psychosomatic Diagnosis in DSM. Historical Perspectives and New Development for Internists“. Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine 53, Nr. 1 (01.03.2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2015-0003.

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Abstract The so-called “Psychosomatic symptoms” represent a real challenge for internists. These have often been described as non-specific, non-organic, functional, dysfunctional or idiopathic. These “diagnostic puzzles” are obviously difficult to treat. Psychosomatic symptoms have been categorized as hysteria, psychogenic, psychosomatic, conversion, somatization and somatoform disorder. It is only when modern classificatory systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) were developed that research was stimulated and new clinical developments became much stronger than any other time. The current paper is aimed at briefly presenting the evolution of psychosomatic symptoms in DSM while pointing out the major milestones as well as the benefits and challenges along the way. We discuss the perspectives open with the advent of the 5th edition the DSM-V.

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Araújo, Paulo Victor N., Venerando E. Amaro, Robert M. Silva und Alexandre B. Lopes. „Delimitation of flood areas based on a calibrated a DEM and geoprocessing: case study on the Uruguay River, Itaqui, southern Brazil“. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, Nr. 1 (25.01.2019): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-237-2019.

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Abstract. Flooding is a natural disaster which affects thousands of riverside, coastal, and urban communities causing severe damage. River flood mapping is the process of determining inundation extents and depth by comparing historical river water levels with ground surface elevation references. This paper aims to map flood hazard areas under the influence of the Uruguay River, Itaqui (southern Brazil), using a calibration digital elevation model (DEM), historic river level data and geoprocessing techniques. The temporal series of maximum annual level records of the Uruguay River, for the years 1942 to 2017, were linked to the Brazilian Geodetic System using geometric leveling and submitted for descriptive statistical analysis and probability. The DEM was calibrated with ground control points (GCPs) of high vertical accuracy based on post-processed high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System surveys. Using the temporal series statistical analysis results, the spatialization of flood hazard classes on the calibrated DEM was assessed and validated. Finally, the modeling of the simulated flood level was visually compared against the flood area on the satellite image, which were both registered on the same date. The free DEM calibration model indicated high correspondence with GCPs (R2=0.81; p<0.001). The calibrated DEM showed a 68.15 % improvement in vertical accuracy (RMSE = 1.00 m). Five classes of flood hazards were determined: extremely high flood hazard, high flood hazard, moderate flood hazard, low flood hazard, and non-floodable. The flood episodes, with a return time of 100 years, were modeled with a 57.24 m altimetric level. Altimetric levels above 51.66 m have a high potential of causing damage, mainly affecting properties and public facilities in the city's northern and western peripheries. Assessment of the areas that can potentially be flooded can help to reduce the negative impact of flood events by supporting the process of land use planning in areas exposed to flood hazard.

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Berman, Eli, Laurence R. Iannaccone und Giuseppe Ragusa. „FROM EMPTY PEWS TO EMPTY CRADLES: FERTILITY DECLINE AMONG EUROPEAN CATHOLICS“. Journal of Demographic Economics 84, Nr. 2 (14.05.2018): 149–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2017.22.

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Abstract:Total fertility in the Catholic countries of Southern Europe has dropped to remarkably low rates (=1.4) despite continuing low rates female labor force participation and high historic fertility. We model three ways in whichreligionaffects the demand for children – through norms, market wages, and childrearing costs. We estimate these effects using new panel data on church attendance and clergy employment for 13 European countries from 1960 to 2000, spanning the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Using nuns per capita as a proxy for service provision, we estimate fertility effects on the order of 300 to 400 children per nun. Moreover, nuns outperform priests as a predictor of fertility, suggesting that changes in childrearing costs dominate changes in theology and norms. Reduced church attendance also predicts fertility decline, but only for Catholics, not for Protestants. Service provision and attendance complement each other, a finding consistent with club models of religion.

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Monterroso-Checa, Antonio. „Geoarchaeological Characterisation of Sites of Iberian and Roman Cordoba Using LiDAR Data Acquisitions“. Geosciences 9, Nr. 5 (08.05.2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050205.

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The National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN) carried out a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) flight for the entire region of Andalusia between 2013 and 2014, which completed the general LiDAR acquisitions obtained for all of Spain since 2010. Recently, successive updates of orthoimages of Spain and Andalusia have also been acquired. This geographic documentation allows several applications for the aerial detection of archaeological sites. In recent years, numerous discoveries have been made in Spain, especially in non-built-up areas located outside urban enclaves. Less attention, however, has been paid to the use of this geographical information in historic cities because, apparently, they do not preserve their historical micro relief. This study analyses the city of Cordoba (southern Spain) by processing LiDAR data of the Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea (PNOA-LiDAR). Digital Surface Models (DSM) obtained for the entire city, in combination with geological and archaeological records, provide evidence of the geomorphological reconstruction of the city in ancient times. Using Cordoba as an example, the main purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that LiDAR data are also useful for the diachronic analysis of ancient urban structures buried some metres deep in current historic cities.

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Parry-Jones, William Li, und Brenda Parry-Jones. „Implications of Historical Evidence for the Classification of Eating Disorders“. British Journal of Psychiatry 165, Nr. 3 (September 1994): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.287.

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Successive editions of the ICD and DSM classification systems have exercised a major influence over contemporary diagnostic practice and perceptions of the form and structure of disorders. Periodic revision has been based on clinical and epidemiological research, and minimal attention has been given to any possible contribution from historical evidence. To test the potential value of such evidence, the historical manifestations of four eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, rumination and pica) were considered in relation to the clinical descriptions and diagnostic criteria of DSM–III–R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992). For each disorder, evidence is presented of continuities and discontinuities with the phenomena recognised currently. Instances of symptom overlap between disorders and the implications of the historical findings for some current classificatory issues are discussed. When spread over several centuries, case numbers remain relatively small, the amount of clinical detail is highly variable, and temporal distribution is uneven. The conclusions that can be drawn, therefore, are necessarily somewhat tentative and subjective.

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Ge, Wei, Yutie Jiao, Heqiang Sun, Zongkun Li, Hexiang Zhang, Yan Zheng, Xinyan Guo, Zhaosheng Zhang und P. H. A. J. M. van Gelder. „A Method for Fast Evaluation of Potential Consequences of Dam Breach“. Water 11, Nr. 11 (25.10.2019): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112224.

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Dam breach has catastrophic consequences for human lives and economy. In previous studies, empirical models are often, to a limited extent, due to the inadequacy of historical dam breach events. Physical models, which focus on simulating human behavior during floods, are not suitable for fast analysis of a large number of dams due to the complexities of many key parameters. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for fast evaluation of potential consequences of dam breach. Eight main indices, i.e., capacity of reservoir (CR), dam height (HD), population at risk (PR), economy at risk (ER), understanding of dam breach (UB), industry type (TI), warning time (TW), and building vulnerability (VB), are selected to establish an evaluation index system. A catastrophe evaluation method is introduced to establish an evaluation model for potential consequences of dam breach based on the indices which are divided into five grades according to the relevant standards and guidelines. Validation of the method by twelve historical dam breach events shows a good accuracy. The method is applied to evaluate potential consequences of dam breach of Jiangang Reservoir in Henan Province, China. It is estimated that loss of life in the worst scenario is between that of Hengjiang Reservoir and that of Shimantan Reservoir dam breach, of which fatalities are 941 and 2717, respectively, showing that risk management measures should be taken to reduce the risk of potential loss of life.

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Putrino, Valentina, und Dina D’Ayala. „Effectiveness of seismic strengthening to repeated earthquakes in historic urban contexts“. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, Nr. 1 (16.04.2019): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2018-0230.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of the evolution of damage to the residential buildings within the city walls of Norcia during the six-month seismic swarm that hit Central Italy in the period 24th August 2016 to end of January 2019. This is accomplished by comparing the damage recorded by the Italian Civil Protection usability form (AEDES form) during this period after each event. Design/methodology/approach First, these outputs are compared with a qualitative assessment conducted by means of omnidirectional camera (ODC) imagery collected on site by the authors, to explore the ability of this technology to support post-earthquake damage assessment. The damage level attributed with these two techniques is then further compared with the output of the analytical vulnerability assessment method FaMIVE, which allows to correlate damage to vulnerability. Specifically, the objective is to investigate the efficacy and performance of historic and recent strengthening interventions. Findings Results show that there is a good correspondence between AeDES and ODC assessments for low to medium damage grades (DG). Discrepancies in higher DGs are discussed in light of the different levels of information that can be recorded by using the two tools. The efficacy of strengthening is also well captured by the FaMIVE method. The procedure estimates a decrease of almost 40, 25 and 20 per cent of the total number of buildings failing out-of-plane, respectively, for the three seismic events considered, when restraining elements are in action. Research limitations/implications The analysis conducted in this work make use of deterministic values of Norcia’s masonry fabric characteristics that have been found in literature, thus implying that neither the probabilistic aspects nor the related uncertainties have been properly investigated and addressed. However, this limitation is to be considered within the more general context of the legislation for the preservation of historic buildings which limits substantially any type of semi-destructive tests, hence limiting the reliability of the values available in literature. This in turn affects the decisions informing the design and implementation of strengthening interventions which can be confidently considered reliable and effective. Originality/value The paper addresses for the first time a systematic investigation of damage progression in historic masonry structures, part of urban aggregates in heritage cities. The current urban fabric is discussed in view of historic building codes as the basis for determining the present seismic vulnerability of the historic city centre of Norcia. The study provides new data sets for the city of Norcia and develops a statistical correlation between cumulative damage and analytical vulnerability functions for heritage buildings exposed to a swarm of earthquakes. The analytical assessment of the effect of historic strengthening is totally novel.

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