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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Historical networks“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Historical networks"
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Goldfarb, Doron, Max Arends, Josef Froschauer, and Dieter Merkl. "Comparing Art Historical Networks." Leonardo 46, no. 3 (2013): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00575.
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This work provides a comparison of link structures present in a common subset of art history related biographic person records/articles from the Getty Union List of Artist Names and English Wikipedia.
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Alcantara, Marlon C., Marco Braga, and Charles van den Heuvel. "Historical Networks in Science Education." Science & Education 29, no. 1 (2020): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-019-00096-4.
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Ju, Harang, Dale Zhou, Ann S. Blevins, et al. "Historical growth of concept networks in Wikipedia." Collective Intelligence 1, no. 2 (2022): 263391372211098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26339137221109839.
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Philosophers of science have long questioned how collective scientific knowledge grows. Although disparate answers have been posited, empirical validation has been challenging due to limitations in collecting and systematizing large historical records. Here, we introduce new methods to analyze scientific knowledge formulated as a growing network of articles on Wikipedia and their hyperlinks. We demonstrate that in Wikipedia, concept networks in subdisciplines of science do not grow by expanding from their central core to reach an ancillary periphery. Instead, science concept networks in Wikipedia grow by creating and filling knowledge gaps. Notably, the process of gap formation and closure may be valued by the scientific community, as evidenced by the fact that it produces discoveries that are more frequently awarded Nobel prizes than other processes. To determine whether and how the gap process is interrupted by paradigm shifts, we operationalize a paradigm as a particular subdivision of scientific concepts into network modules. Hence, paradigm shifts are reconfigurations of those modules. The approach allows us to identify a temporal signature in structural stability across scientific subjects in Wikipedia. In a network formulation of scientific discovery, our findings suggest that data-driven conditions underlying scientific breakthroughs depend as much on exploring uncharted gaps as on exploiting existing disciplines and support policies that encourage new interdisciplinary research.
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Kaiser, Wolfram. "Bringing History Back In To the Study of Transnational Networks in European Integration." Journal of Public Policy 29, no. 2 (2009): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x09001032.
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AbstractThis article discusses the results of recent historical research on the governance of networks and their impact on policy-making in the formative period of the EU. It concludes that historically aware research on networks in EU governance has great potential. In particular, in can contribute to enhancing our knowledge about the formation and dynamics of networks; conceptualising the role of supranational institutions such as the Commission in instigating network formation and steering new networks; and improving our understanding of change over time in the governance of networks and their policy impact in the EU.
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Tambs, Lena, Michela De Bernardin, Marta Lorenzon, and Arianna Traviglia. "Bridging Historical, Archaeological and Criminal Networks." Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.141.
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Kuzmina, Anna V., and Sergey D. Borisov. "Social networks as a search tool for historical sources." SHS Web of Conferences 103 (2021): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110302017.
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This article is devoted to the use of social networks as a search tool for historical sources. The opportunity is analyzed to use social networks for surveying witnesses and participants in the considered events of regional history of the second half of the 20th century. This article also analyzes advantages of addressing social networks in the students’ projects to improve the oral history methods and development of professional skills of data search and processing. The importance of such joint activity of historians of various generations for patriotic upbringing is emphasized, the relevance of addressing online sources under the pandemic conditions is determined. The use of social networks as a means to replenish gaps in the set of sources is exemplified by the project devoted to social and economic history of Sevastopol. It is summarized that the most informative was the communication with Odnoklassniki network, since it is the leading platform in the Russian segment of Internet regarding the age group of concern: 46+. The methods of operation with social networks are not confined only by the oral history. A researcher is capable to study materials of profile groups and to detect unique photos. It has been concluded that it would be reasonable to perform historical research in social networks by interviewing respondents: bearers of historical memory.
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MacKay, Jon. "Networks of Canadian Business Elites: Historical Corporate Interlock Networks circa 1912." Connections 39, no. 1 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/connections-2019-001.
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Skeirik, Richard D. "Historical database training method for neural networks." Laboratory Automation & Information Management 33, no. 2 (1997): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-141x(97)80032-9.
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Suissa, Omri, Maayan Zhitomirsky-Geffet, and Avshalom Elmalech. "Toward a Period-specific Optimized Neural Network for OCR Error Correction of Historical Hebrew Texts." Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 2 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479159.
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Over the past few decades, large archives of paper-based historical documents, such as books and newspapers, have been digitized using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. Unfortunately, this broadly used technology is error-prone, especially when an OCRed document was written hundreds of years ago. Neural networks have shown great success in solving various text processing tasks, including OCR post-correction. The main disadvantage of using neural networks for historical corpora is the lack of sufficiently large training datasets they require to learn from, especially for morphologically rich languages like Hebrew. Moreover, it is not clear what are the optimal structure and values of hyperparameters (predefined parameters) of neural networks for OCR error correction in Hebrew due to its unique features. Furthermore, languages change across genres and periods. These changes may affect the accuracy of OCR post-correction neural network models. To overcome these challenges, we developed a new multi-phase method for generating artificial training datasets with OCR errors and hyperparameters’ optimization for building an effective neural network for OCR post-correction in Hebrew. To evaluate the proposed approach, a series of experiments using several literary Hebrew corpora from various periods and genres were conducted. The obtained results demonstrate that (1) training a network on texts from a similar period dramatically improves the network's ability to fix OCR errors, (2) using the proposed error injection algorithm, based on character-level period-specific errors, minimizes the need for manually corrected data and improves the network accuracy by 9%, (3) the optimized network design improves the accuracy by 3% compared to the state-of-the-art network, and (4) the constructed optimized network outperforms neural machine translation models and industry-leading spellcheckers. The proposed methodology may have practical implications for digital humanities projects that aim to search and analyze OCRed documents in Hebrew and potentially other morphologically rich languages.
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Pan, Yi-Ru, Pang Hsiao, Chen-Yu Chang, et al. "Universality and scaling in complex networks from periods of Chinese history." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 33, no. 1 (2023): 011101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134923.
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Critical physical systems with large numbers of molecules can show universal and scaling behaviors. It is of interest to know whether human societies with large numbers of people can show the same behaviors. Here, we use network theory to analyze Chinese history in periods 209 BCE–23 CE and 515–618 CE) related to the Western Han–Xin Dynasty and the late Northern Wei–Sui Dynasty, respectively. Two persons are connected when they appear in the same historical event. We find that the historical networks from two periods separated about 500 years have interesting universal and scaling behaviors, and they are small-world networks; their average cluster coefficients as a function of degree are similar to the network of movie stars. In the historical networks, the persons with larger degrees prefer to connect with persons with a small degree; however, in the network of movie stars, the persons with larger degrees prefer to connect with persons with large degrees. We also find an interesting similar mechanism for the decline or collapse of historical Chinese dynasties. The collapses of the Xin dynasty (9–23 CE) and the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) were initiated from their arrogant attitude toward neighboring states.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Historical networks"
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Ahrneteg, Jakob, and Dean Kulenovic. "Semantic Segmentation of Historical Document Images Using Recurrent Neural Networks." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18219.
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Background. This thesis focuses on the task of historical document semantic segmentation with recurrent neural networks. Document semantic segmentation involves the segmentation of a page into different meaningful regions and is an important prerequisite step of automated document analysis and digitisation with optical character recognition. At the time of writing, convolutional neural network based solutions are the state-of-the-art for analyzing document images while the use of recurrent neural networks in document semantic segmentation has not yet been studied. Considering the nature of a recurrent neural network and the recent success of recurrent neural networks in document image binarization, it should be possible to employ a recurrent neural network for document semantic segmentation and further achieve high performance results. Objectives. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate if recurrent neural networks are a viable alternative to convolutional neural networks in document semantic segmentation. By using a combination of a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network, another objective is also to determine if the performance of the combination can improve upon the existing case of only using the recurrent neural network. Methods. To investigate the impact of recurrent neural networks in document semantic segmentation, three different recurrent neural network architectures are implemented and trained while their performance are further evaluated with Intersection over Union. Afterwards their segmentation result are compared to a convolutional neural network. By performing pre-processing on training images and multi-class labeling, prediction images are ultimately produced by the employed models. Results. The results from the gathered performance data shows a 2.7% performance difference between the best recurrent neural network model and the convolutional neural network. Notably, it can be observed that this recurrent neural network model has a more consistent performance than the convolutional neural network but comparable performance results overall. For the other recurrent neural network architectures lower performance results are observed which is connected to the complexity of these models. Furthermore, by analyzing the performance results of a model using a combination of a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network, it can be noticed that the combination performs significantly better with a 4.9% performance increase compared to the case with only using the recurrent neural network. Conclusions. This thesis concludes that recurrent neural networks are likely a viable alternative to convolutional neural networks in document semantic segmentation but that further investigation is required. Furthermore, by combining a convolutional neural network with a recurrent neural network it is concluded that the performance of a recurrent neural network model is significantly increased.<br>Bakgrund. Detta arbete handlar om semantisk segmentering av historiska dokument med recurrent neural network. Semantisk segmentering av dokument inbegriper att dela in ett dokument i olika regioner, något som är viktigt för att i efterhand kunna utföra automatisk dokument analys och digitalisering med optisk teckenläsning. Vidare är convolutional neural network det främsta alternativet för bearbetning av dokument bilder medan recurrent neural network aldrig har använts för semantisk segmentering av dokument. Detta är intressant eftersom om vi tar hänsyn till hur ett recurrent neural network fungerar och att recurrent neural network har uppnått mycket bra resultat inom binär bearbetning av dokument, borde det likväl vara möjligt att använda ett recurrent neural network för semantisk segmentering av dokument och även här uppnå bra resultat. Syfte. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka om ett recurrent neural network kan uppnå ett likvärdigt resultat jämfört med ett convolutional neural network för semantisk segmentering av dokument. Vidare är syftet även att undersöka om en kombination av ett convolutional neural network och ett recurrent neural network kan ge ett bättre resultat än att bara endast använda ett recurrent neural network. Metod. För att kunna avgöra om ett recurrent neural network är ett lämpligt alternativ för semantisk segmentering av dokument utvärderas prestanda resultatet för tre olika modeller av recurrent neural network. Därefter jämförs dessa resultat med prestanda resultatet för ett convolutional neural network. Vidare utförs förbehandling av bilder och multi klassificering för att modellerna i slutändan ska kunna producera mätbara resultat av uppskattnings bilder. Resultat. Genom att utvärdera prestanda resultaten för modellerna kan vi i en jämförelse med den bästa modellen och ett convolutional neural network uppmäta en prestanda skillnad på 2.7%. Noterbart i det här fallet är att den bästa modellen uppvisar en jämnare fördelning av prestanda. För de två modellerna som uppvisade en lägre prestanda kan slutsatsen dras att deras utfall beror på en lägre modell komplexitet. Vidare vid en jämförelse av dessa två modeller, där den ena har en kombination av ett convolutional neural network och ett recurrent neural network medan den andra endast har ett recurrent neural network uppmäts en prestanda skillnad på 4.9%. Slutsatser. Resultatet antyder att ett recurrent neural network förmodligen är ett lämpligt alternativ till ett convolutional neural network för semantisk segmentering av dokument. Vidare dras slutsatsen att en kombination av de båda varianterna bidrar till ett bättre prestanda resultat.
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Pister, Alexis. "Visual Analytics for Historical Social Networks : Traceability, Exploration, and Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG081.
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Cette thèse vise à identifier théoriquement et concrètement comment l'analyse visuelle peut aider les historiens dans leur processus d'analyse de réseaux sociaux. L'analyse de réseaux sociaux est une méthode utilisée en histoire sociale qui vise à étudier les relations sociales au sein de groupes d'acteurs (familles, institutions, entreprises, etc.) en reconstruisant les relations du passé à partir de documents historiques, tels que des actes de mariages, des actes de naissances, ou des recensements. L'utilisation de méthodes visuelles et analytiques leurs permet d'explorer la structure sociale formant ces groupes et de relier des mesures structurelles à des hypothèses sociologiques et des comportements individuels. Cependant, l'inspection, l'encodage et la modélisation des sources menant à un réseau finalisé donnent souvent lieu à des erreurs, des distorsions et des problèmes de traçabilité, et les systèmes de visualisation actuels présentent souvent des défauts d'utilisabilité et d'interprétabilité. En conséquence, les historiens ne sont pas toujours en mesure de faire des conclusions approfondies à partir de ces systèmes : beaucoup d'études se limitent à une description qualitative d'images de réseaux, surlignant la présence de motifs d'intérêts (cliques, îlots, ponts, etc.). Le but de cette thèse est donc de proposer des outils d'analyse visuelle adaptés aux historiens afin de leur permettre une meilleur intégration de leur processus global et des capacités d'analyse guidées. En collaboration avec des historiens, je formalise le processus d'une analyse de réseau historique, de l'acquisition des sources jusqu'à l'analyse finale, en posant comme critère que les outils utilisés dans ce processus devraient satisfaire des principes de traçabilité, de simplicité et de réalité documentaire (i.e., que les données présentées doivent être conformes aux sources) pour faciliter les va-et-vient entre les différentes étapes et la prise en main par l'utilisateur et ne pas distordre le contenu des sources. Pour satisfaire ces propriétés, je propose de modéliser les sources historiques en réseaux sociaux bipartis multivariés dynamiques avec rôles. Ce modèle intègre explicitement les documents historiques sous forme de nœuds, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs d'encoder, de corriger et d'analyser leurs données avec les mêmes outils. Je propose ensuite deux interfaces d'analyse visuelle permettant, avec une bonne utilisabilité et interprétabilité, de manipuler, d'explorer et d'analyser ce modèle de données. Le premier système ComBiNet offre une exploration visuelle de l'ensemble des dimensions du réseau à l'aide de vues coordonnées et d'un système de requêtes visuelles permettant d'isoler des individus ou des groupes et de comparer leurs structures topologiques et leurs propriétés. L'outil permet également de détecter les motifs inhabituels et ainsi de déceler les éventuelles erreurs dans les annotations. Le second système, PK-Clustering, est une proposition d'amélioration de l'utilisabilité et de l'efficacité des mécanismes de clustering dans les systèmes de visualisation de réseaux sociaux. L'interface permet de créer des regroupements pertinents à partir des connaissances a priori de l'utilisateur, du consensus algorithmique et de l'exploration du réseau dans un cadre d'initiative mixte. Les deux systèmes ont été conçus à partir des besoins et retours continus d'historiens, et visent à augmenter la traçabilité, la simplicité, et la réalité documentaire des sources dans le processus d'analyse de réseaux historiques. Je conclus sur la nécessité d'une meilleure intégration des systèmes d'analyse visuelle dans le processus de recherche des historiens. Cette intégration nécessite des outils plaçant les utilisateurs au centre du processus avec un accent sur la flexibilité et l'utilisabilité, limitant ainsi l'introduction de biais et les barrières d'utilisation des méthodes quantitatives, qui subsistent en histoire<br>This thesis aims at identifying theoretically and concretely how visual analytics can support historians in their social network analysis process. Historical social network analysis is a method to study social relationships between groups of actors (families, institutions, companies, etc.) through a reconstruction of relationships of the past from historical documents, such as marriage acts, migration forms, birth certificates, and censuses. The use of visualization and analytical methods lets social historians explore and describe the social structure shaping those groups while explaining sociological phenomena and individual behaviors through computed network measures. However, the inspection and encoding of the sources leading to a finalized network is intricate and often results in inconsistencies, errors, distortions, and traceability problems, and current visualization tools typically have usability and interpretability issues. For these reasons, social historians are not always able to make thorough historical conclusions: many studies consist of qualitative descriptions of network drawings highlighting the presence of motifs such as cliques, components, bridges, etc. The goal of this thesis is therefore to propose visual analytics tools integrated into the global social historians' workflow, with guided and easy-to-use analysis capabilities. From collaborations with historians, I formalize the workflow of historical network analysis starting at the acquisition of sources to the final visual analysis. By highlighting recurring pitfalls, I point out that tools supporting this process should satisfy traceability, simplicity, and document reality principles to ease bask and forth between the different steps, provide tools easy to manipulate, and not distort the content of sources with modifications and simplifications. To satisfy those properties, I propose to model historical sources into bipartite multivariate dynamic social networks with roles as they provide a good tradeoff of simplicity and expressiveness while modeling explicitly the documents, hence letting users encode, correct, and analyze their data with the same abstraction and tools. I then propose two interactive visual interfaces to manipulate, explore, and analyze this data model, with a focus on usability and interpretability. The first system ComBiNet allows an interactive exploration leveraging the structure, time, localization, and attributes of the data model with the help of coordinated views and a visual query system allowing users to isolate interesting groups and individuals, and compare their position, structures, and properties. It also lets them highlight erroneous and inconsistent annotations directly in the interface. The second system, PK-Clustering, is a concrete proposition to enhance the usability and effectiveness of clustering mechanisms in social network visual analytics systems. It consists in a mixed-initiative clustering interface that let social scientists create meaningful clusters with the help of their prior knowledge, algorithmic consensus, and interactive exploration of the network. Both systems have been designed with continuous feedback from social historians, and aim to increase the traceability, simplicity, and document reality of visual analytics supported historical social network research. I conclude with discussions on the potential merging of both tools, and more globally on research directions towards better integration of visual analytics systems on the whole workflow of social historians. Systems with a focus on those properties---traceability, simplicity, and document reality---can limit the introduction of bias while lowering the requirements for the use of quantitative methods for historians and social scientists which has always been a controversial discussion among practitioners
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Banavas, Georgios Nikolaos. "Prognosis : historical pattern matching for economic forecasting and trading." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1642.
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In recent years financial markets have become complex environments that continuously change and they change quickly. The strong link between the continuous change in the markets and the danger of losing money when trading in them, has made financial studies a domain that concentrates increasing scientific and business attention. In this context, the development of computational techniques that can monitor recent financial events can process them according to their similarity with historical data recordings, and can support financial decision making, is a challenging problem. In this work, the principal idea for tackling this problem is the integration of 'current' market information as derived from the market's recent past and historical information. A robust technique which is based on flexible pattern matching, segmented data representations, time warping, and time series embedding dimension measures is proposed. Complementary time series derived features, concerning trend structures, temporal considerations and statistical measures are systematically combined in this technique. All these components have been integrated into a software package, which I called PROGNOSIS, that can selectively monitor its application and allows systematic evaluation in terms of financial forecasting and trading performance. In addition, two other topics are discussed in this thesis. Firstly, in chapter 3, a neural network, that is known as the Growing Neural Gas network, is employed for financial forecasting and trading. To my knowledge, this network has never been applied before to financial problems. Based on this a neural network forecasting and trading benchmark was constructed for comparison purposes. Secondly, a novel method of approaching the well established co-integraton theory is proposed in the last chapter of the thesis. This method enhances the co-integration theory by integrating into it local time relations between two time series. These local time dependencies are identified using dynamic time warping. The hypothesis that is tested is that local time shifts, delays, shrinks or stretches, if identified, may help to reveal co-integrating movement between the two time series. I called this type of co-integration time-warped co-integration. To this end, the time-warped co-integration framework is presented as an error correction model and it is tested on arbitrage trading opportunities within PROGNOSIS.
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Bjarnle, Johan, and Elias Holmström. "Implementation and Evaluation of Historical Consistent Neural Networks Using Parallel Computing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119983.
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Forecasting the stock market is well-known to be a very complex and difficult task, and even by many considered to be impossible. The new model, emph{Historical Consistent Neural Networks} (HCNN), has recently been successfully applied for prediction and risk estimation on the energy markets. HCNN is developed by Dr. Hans Georg Zimmermann, Siemens AG, Corporate Technology Dpt., Munich, and implemented in the SENN (Simulation Environment for Neural Network) package, distributed by Siemens. The evalution is made by tests on a large database of historical price data for global indicies, currencies, commodities and interest rates. Tests have been done, using the Linux version of the SENN package, provided by Dr. Zimmermann and his research team. This thesis takes on the task given by Eturn Fonder AB, to develop a sound basis for evaluating and using HCNN, in a fast and easy manner. An important part of our work has been to develop a rapid and improved implementation of HCNN, as an interactive software package. Our approach has been to take advantage of the parallelization capabilities of the graphics card, using the CUDA library together with an intuitive and flexible interface for HCNN built in MATLAB. We can show that the computational power of our CUDA implementation (using a cheap graphics device), compared to SENN, is about 33 times faster. With our new optimized implementation of HCNN, we have been able to test the model on large data sets, consisting of multidimensional financial time series. We present the results with respect to some common statistical measures, evaluates the prediction qualities and performance of HCNN, and give our analysis of how to move forward and do further testing.
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Bremberg, Ulrika, Liv Cederin, Gabriel Lindgren, and Filip Pagliaro. "Classifying Age and Gender on Historical Photographs using Convolutional Neural Networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445914.
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This project intends to classify faces in historical photographs into age and gender. The goal was to demonstrate an algorithm specialized on classifying historical images, as well as an interface where users can insert pictures for analysis. This project aims to facilitate historical research by contributing with new tools for image analysis. The algorithm is developed in the programming language Python and uses Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) to classify age and gender. The user interface is developed in the JavaScript framework React.js and communicates with the Python algorithm via a Node.js server. The main results are that the gender classification algorithm has an accuracy of 96\% and the age detection algorithm has a mean age error of 4.3 years. The results also indicated that our algorithms perform better on historical images than commonly used state-of-the-art classification models.<br>Detta projekt ämnar att klassificera kön och ålder i historiska fotografier. Målet var att demonstrera en algoritm som är specialinriktad på historiska bilder, samt ett gränssnitt där användare kan ladda upp bilder och få dem klassificerade. Projektet syftar till att underlätta historisk forskning genom att bidra med nya verktyg för bildanalys. Algoritmen är utvecklad i programmeringsspråket Python och använder Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) för att klassificera kön och ålder. Användargränsnittet är utvecklat i JavaScript ramverket React.js och kommunicerar med Python algoritmen via en Node.js server. De huvudsakliga resultaten är att noggrannheten för klassificeringsalgoritmen för kön ligger på 96\%, medan klassificeringsalgoritmen för ålder har ett medelfel på 4.3 år. Resultaten indikerar även att våra algoritmer presterar bättre på historiska bilder än redan befintliga välkända klassificeringsmodeller.
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Stewart, Seth Andrew. "Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Pixel Classification in Historical Document Images." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7064.
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We use a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN) to classify pixels in historical document images, enabling the extraction of high-quality, pixel-precise and semantically consistent layers of masked content. We also analyze a dataset of hand-labeled historical form images of unprecedented detail and complexity. The semantic categories we consider in this new dataset include handwriting, machine-printed text, dotted and solid lines, and stamps. Segmentation of document images into distinct layers allows handwriting, machine print, and other content to be processed and recognized discriminatively, and therefore more intelligently than might be possible with content-unaware methods. We show that an efficient FCNN with relatively few parameters can accurately segment documents having similar textural content when trained on a single representative pixel-labeled document image, even when layouts differ significantly. In contrast to the overwhelming majority of existing semantic segmentation approaches, we allow multiple labels to be predicted per pixel location, which allows for direct prediction and reconstruction of overlapped content. We perform an analysis of prevalent pixel-wise performance measures, and show that several popular performance measures can be manipulated adversarially, yielding arbitrarily high measures based on the type of bias used to generate the ground-truth. We propose a solution to the gaming problem by comparing absolute performance to an estimated human level of performance. We also present results on a recent international competition requiring the automatic annotation of billions of pixels, in which our method took first place.
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Downey, Sean S. "Resilient Networks and and the Historical Ecology of Q'eqchi' Maya Swidden Agriculture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195686.
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Despite the fact that swidden agriculture has been the subject of decades of research, questions remain about the extent to which it is constrained by demographic growth and if it can adapt to environmental limits. In this dissertation I analyze ethnographic and ethnohistorical evidence from the Toledo District, Belize, and suggest that Q'eqchi' Maya swidden agriculture may be more ecologically adaptive than previously thought. I use social network analysis to examine farmer labor exchange networks from a chronosequence of five villages where swidden is used. Results suggest that changes in land-use patterns, network structure, and reciprocity rates may increase the system's resilience to changes in the forest's agricultural productivity. I develop a novel interpretation of labor reciprocity that highlights how unreciprocated exchanges, when they occur within the context of a social network, may limit overexploitation of a common property resource. These results are then interpreted in the context of panarchy theory; I suggest that the structural variability observed in labor exchange networks may explain how Q'eqchi' swidden maintains its identity under changing environmental conditions - a definition of resilience. Thus, the resulting picture of Q'eqchi' swidden is one of socioecological resilience rather than homeostasis; dynamic labor exchange networks help maintain a village's social cohesion, ultimately limiting pioneer settlements and slowing overall rates of deforestation. A historical and demographic analysis of market incursions into southern Belize supports this conclusion.
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Metcalfe, Stuart. "International business networks in historical perspective : the case of the Borneo Company Limited." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264864.
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Sukthomya, Wimalin. "Manufacturing process improvement using design of experiments and neural networks with historical data." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403997.
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Adams, Ashley Adams. "Examining the Cultural and Historical Impact of the National Historic Site Designation in Nicodemus, Kansas." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2708.
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America's National Historic Preservation Act promotes the conservation of irreplaceable sites such as Nicodemus, Kansas, an African American town founded by former slaves in 1877. The collaboration of the National Park Service (NPS) and civic partners is essential to meet the goal of preserving historic properties in Nicodemus and other minority communities. Although the NPS designated 5 Nicodemus buildings as a National Historic Site (NHS) in 1996, the few remaining residents struggle to preserve the site and attract visitors. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore the effects of NPS policies related to African American historic and cultural preservation. Research questions focused on the consequences of the NHS designation in Nicodemus and options for NPS policy improvement. This study was inspired by Innes and Booher's theory of complex adaptive systems and consensus building. Data were collected through interviews with 11 residents, educators, and representatives of the NPS. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis. Key findings indicate concerns about limited resources, NPS open competition hiring policies that do not promote the long-term employment of Nicodemus descendant-residents in spite of their ability to recount oral histories, a need for cross-cultural training in the NPS, and the inadequate promotion of the Nicodemus NHS. This study may lead to positive social change by emphasizing the need for the NPS to collaborate with the descendants and long-term residents of rural communities to preserve the historical legacy of African Americans and emphasize the strength of our nation's diversity.
Bücher zum Thema "Historical networks"
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International communication and global news networks: Historical perspectives. Hampton Press, 2011.
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Akii, Tumu, and Pupu Nitze, eds. Historical vines: Enga networks of exchange, ritual, and warfare in Papua New Guinea. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.
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Networks of global governance: International organisations and European integration in a historical perspective. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.
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Wijasuriya, D. E. K. Contributions towards the Malaysian library and information infrastructure: A historical perspective / D.E.K. Wijasuriya. MPH Pub., 2011.
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5
Wijasuriya, D. E. K. Contributions towards the Malaysian library and information infrastructure: A historical perspective / D.E.K. Wijasuriya. MPH Pub., 2011.
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(Organization), National History Day, ed. How to create a historical web site. National History Day, 2008.
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7
Spatio-temporal narratives: Historical GIS and the study of global trading networks (1500-1800). Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.
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Job, Amy G. Development of the library network structure in New Jersey from 1964 to 1984: An historical analytical study. University Microfilms International, 1987.
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Social networks and historical sociolinguistics: Studies in morphosyntactic variation in the Paston letters, 1421-1503. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005.
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Wang, Huei-Huang. Technology, economic security, state, and the political economy of economic networks: A historical and comparative research on the evolution of economic networks in Taiwan and Japan. University Press of America, 1998.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Historical networks"
1
Trim, Richard. "Historical Mindsets." In Metaphor Networks. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287556_10.
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Trim, Richard. "Historical Models of Love Metaphors." In Metaphor Networks. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287556_13.
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3
Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "The Nature of Logic." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_1.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "The Philosophy of Reasoning." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_10.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "Logic." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_11.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "On Belief in Its Relation to the Understanding." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_12.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "The Philosophical Idea of Freedom." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_13.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "Note [to Aristotle]." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_14.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "Philosophy of Mathematics." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_15.
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Grattan-Guinness, Ivor, and Gérard Bornet. "[Various fragments, apparently late]." In Science Networks. Historical Studies. Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8859-2_16.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Historical networks"
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Akoka, Jacky, Isabelle Comyn-Wattiau, Stéphane Lamasse, and Cedric Du Mouza. "Modeling Historical Social Networks Databases." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.334.
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Deligiannakis, Antonios, Yannis Kotidis, and Nick Roussopoulos. "Compressing historical information in sensor networks." In the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference. ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007568.1007628.
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Volna, E., R. Jarusek, and M. Kotyrba. "Historical image processing using neural networks." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Materials and Information Technology Processing. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/amitp130831.
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Li, Pui Hang, Man Lung Yiu, and Kyriakos Mouratidis. "Historical traffic-tolerant paths in road networks." In SIGSPATIAL '14: 22nd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2666310.2666483.
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Pondenkandath, Vinaychandran, Michele Alberti, Michael Diatta, Rolf Ingold, and Marcus Liwicki. "Historical Document Synthesis with Generative Adversarial Networks." In 2019 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Workshops (ICDARW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdarw.2019.40096.
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"NETWORKS OF EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSORS - A Historical Account." In Special Session on Bio-Inspired Multi-Agent Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001809406260631.
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Jiao, Chenjing, Magnus Heitzler, and Lorenz Hurni. "Extracting Wetlands from Swiss Historical Maps with ConvolutionalNeural Networks." In International Workshop on Automatic Vectorisation of Historical Maps. Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics ELTE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21862/avhm2020.03.
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Petit, Loïc, Abdelhamid Nafaa, and Raja Jurdak. "Historical data storage for large scale sensor networks." In the 5th French-Speaking Conference. ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1739268.1739278.
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Ghanim, Mohammad S., Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh, and Kamran Ahmed. "Modeling historical traffic data using artificial neural networks." In 2013 5th International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2013.6552717.
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Yu, Wenwu, Rui Wang, Ruiying Li, Jing Gao, and Xiaohui Hu. "Historical Best Q-Networks for Deep Reinforcement Learning." In 2018 IEEE 30th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2018.00012.
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Semerikov, Serhiy O., Illia O. Teplytskyi, Yuliia V. Yechkalo, and Arnold E. Kiv. Computer Simulation of Neural Networks Using Spreadsheets: The Dawn of the Age of Camelot. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2648.
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The article substantiates the necessity to develop training methods of computer simulation of neural networks in the spreadsheet environment. The systematic review of their application to simulating artificial neural networks is performed. The authors distinguish basic approaches to solving the problem of network computer simulation training in the spreadsheet environment, joint application of spreadsheets and tools of neural network simulation, application of third-party add-ins to spreadsheets, development of macros using the embedded languages of spreadsheets; use of standard spreadsheet add-ins for non-linear optimization, creation of neural networks in the spreadsheet environment without add-ins and macros. After analyzing a collection of writings of 1890-1950, the research determines the role of the scientific journal “Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics”, its founder Nicolas Rashevsky and the scientific community around the journal in creating and developing models and methods of computational neuroscience. There are identified psychophysical basics of creating neural networks, mathematical foundations of neural computing and methods of neuroengineering (image recognition, in particular). The role of Walter Pitts in combining the descriptive and quantitative theories of training is discussed. It is shown that to acquire neural simulation competences in the spreadsheet environment, one should master the models based on the historical and genetic approach. It is indicated that there are three groups of models, which are promising in terms of developing corresponding methods – the continuous two-factor model of Rashevsky, the discrete model of McCulloch and Pitts, and the discrete-continuous models of Householder and Landahl.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.
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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Pilgun, M., та IM Dzyaloshinsky. On-line Сommunication and Social Reality in the Content of Users of Russian-Speaking Social Networks: Representation of the Historical Context. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1205en.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincet Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293013.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances, when a new geologic unit (such as a formation) is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, and data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network (NCCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the NCCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA), Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), or San Juan...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294374.
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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotype. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens; however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified six stratotypes designated within four park units of the Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (SODN): Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR) has three type areas; Coronado National Memorial (CORO) has one type area; Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL) has one type area; and Saguaro National Park (SAGU) has one type area. Table 1 provides information regarding the six stratotypes currently identified within SODN parks. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR), Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO), Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI), Tonto National Monument (TONT), Tumacácori National Historical Park (TUMA), or Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI). However, CHIR, MOCA, SAGU, and TUZI contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the “Recommendations” section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations so that NPS staff may recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SODN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: National Capital Region Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293865.
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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified 20 stratotypes designated within seven park units of the National Capital Region I&M Network (NCRN): Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH) contains three type sections, two type localities, one type area, and eight reference sections; George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) contains one type locality; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE) contains two type sections, and one type locality/type area; Manassas National Battlefield (MANA) contains two type areas; Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO) contains one type section; National Capital Parks-East (NACE) contains one type locality; Prince William Forest (PRWI) contains one type section. Note that two stratotype designations (for the Harpers and Mather Gorge Formations) are shared amongst multiple park units. Table 1 provides information regarding the 20 stratotypes currently identified within the NCRN. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), Rock Creek Park (ROCR), and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR). However, CATO, CHOH, and GWMP contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the Recommendations section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the NCRN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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De la Veha Shiota González, Vania. Working Paper PUEAA No. 10. Japanese Investment in Mexico: Challenges for the 2020 Decade. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.008r.2022.
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Japanese investment is essential for Mexico not just because it has represented a viable economic diversification option, but the investments have been made in one of the most significant Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contributing industries. Moreover, it is very prestigious, and it has managed to attach itself to local and global companies which, especially in the Bajío region, consolidate local and regional production networks. One of the features that contribute to the good prestige of Japanese investment is, without a doubt, its capacity to plan for the short, medium and long-term. That means challenges such as government and technological changes are factors that both Japanese firms and different government levels take into consideration to make decisions. In this context, this article aims to reflect on the course of Japanese investment in Mexico for the 2020 years, taking into account its historical background, its current state and the international context.
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Berger, Thor, and Erik Prawitz. Collaboration and Connectivity: Historical Evidence from Patent Records. Department of Economics and Statistics, Linnaeus University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ns.wp.2023.02.
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Why has collaboration become increasingly central to technological progress? We document the role of lowered travel costs by combining patent data with the rollout of the Swedish railroad network in the 19th and early-20th century. Inventors that gain access to the network are more likely to produce collaborative patents, which is partly driven by long-distance collaborations with other inventors residing along the emerging railroad network. These results suggest that the declining costs of interacting with others is fundamental to account for the long-term increase in inventive collaboration.
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Pulugurtha, Srinivas S., Abimbola Ogungbire, and Chirag Akbari. Modeling and Evaluating Alternatives to Enhance Access to an Airport and Meet Future Expansion Needs. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2120.
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The continued growth of air travel calls for the incessant construction effort at many airports and their surroundings. Thus, there is a need to determine how airports can better manage existing infrastructure to accommodate this growth. This study, therefore, focuses on (1) investigating how changes in transportation infrastructure have affected travel time reliability (TTR) of the surrounding road network within the airport vicinity over time, and, (2) exploring selected unconventional intersection designs and proposing new inbound/outbound access routes from the nearby major roads to the airport. The efficiency of road networks that surrounds large airports is discussed using Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) as the case study. Firstly, an assessment of how transportation projects impact link-level travel time reliability (TTR) was performed using historical data. Secondly, an assessment of how future transportation projects would affect the traffic in the airport vicinity was performed. A simulation network was developed using the Vissim software, where the peak-hour turning movement counts were used with the existing signal design to replicate and calibrate the base scenario. Unconventional intersection designs such as continuous flow intersections (CFI), mini-roundabouts, and restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT) intersections were considered along with selected bridge design options to determine the impact on TTR. The results were compared with the conventional signalized intersection design. The connectivity projects led to an increase in TTR measures at most of the links within its vicinity after the project’s completion of the project. Similarly, parking areas exhibited the same characteristics, including those used by ridesharing companies. The simulation model showed that unconventional designs like RCUT and direct entry-exit ramps effectively reduced delay as well as the number of stops, increasing our understanding of how expansion projects affect TTR and potentially improving infrastructure optimization.
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Pouliquen, Sylvie. Network harmonization recommendations. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.7.
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Harmonisation data management procedures and implementing FAIR principles with the target to serve the data infrastructures: Copernicus Marine Service and EMODnet (first stage) as well as SeaDataNet and historical National Oceanographic Data Centres (later stage)