Dissertationen zum Thema „Histone désacétylases“
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Ouaïssi, Mehdi. „Histones désacétylases et cancer du pancréas“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first part of the work we analyze some of the current data related to the deacetylase enzymes as a possible target for drug development in cancer. Given the structural differences among members of this family of enzymes, development of specific inhibitors will not only allow selective therapeutic intervention, but may also provide a powerful tool for functional study of these enzymes. In the second step, attempts were made for the first time to explore the level of expression of members of histone deacetylase encoding genes (HDACs) in four pancreatic tumor cell lines: Panc-1, BxPC-3, SOJ-6 and MiaPaCa-2; and two non-related tumor cells: Jurkat and HeLa. The possible relationship between the levels of HDACs expression and the sensitivity/resistance to HDAC inhibitors (TSA, Nicotinamide and Sirtinol) was further analyzed. Although a slight variation in the profiles of gene expression among cell lines could be evidenced, HDACs protein synthesis seem to be similar. Furthermore, the cells were equally sensitive to inhibition by Sirtinol whereas some variation in the IC50 could be seen in the case of TSA. We also demonstrate that the drugs had the capacity to induce the death of cells by apoptosis. Taken together, our data support the notion that the level of cell sensitivity to the HDIs might be related to the level of expression of genes such as those encoding proteins playing a role in cell cycle checkpoints control but not HDAC per se. In a third part of work, we have evaluated the expression levels of members of class I, II and III in a set of surgically resected pancreatic tissues. Total RNA was isolated from 11 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PA): Stage 0 (n=1), IB (n=1), IIB (n=6), III (n=1), IV (n=2), one serous cystadenoma (SC), one intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas (IMPN), one complicating chronic pancreatitis (CP) and normal pancreatic biopsy (NP) obtained during donor liver transplantation. In addition, four samples of control tissues taken from the surgical specimens from different patients with PA, and two samples from patients with adenocarcinomas of biliary duct (BD) were also included in this study. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted and gene expression was quantified by qPCR. Protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot and their localization by immunohistochemistry analyses of cancer tissues sections. The expression of class I and II members of HDACs showed that all the samples from PA, CP, SC and IMPN had decreased levels of HDAC 1, -2, -3 and -4 transcripts. Remarkably, 9 of the 11 PA (≅ 81%) showed significant increase of HDAC7 mRNA levels. The Western blot analysis showed increased expression of HDAC7 protein in 9 out of 11 PA samples in agreement with the qPCR data. Most of the PA tissue sections examined showed intense labeling in the cytoplasm when reacted against antibodies to HDAC7. The data showed alteration of HDACs gene expression in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, increased expression of HDAC7 discriminates PA from other pancreatic tumors
Lei, Tingting. „Fonction et régulation des histone-désacétylases en réponse au stress chez Arabidopsis“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS553/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHistone acetylation/deacetylation play important roles in a diverse range of developmental processes and stress-responsive pathways in plants. However, little is known regarding the regulation of HDACs themselves by environmental signals, which may alter their function in the regulation of gene expression. Also HDACs functions in plant sensing of environmental conditions such as redox stresses and warm ambient temperature need to be precized. My thesis work focuses on: (1) The analysis of redoxregulated posttranslational modifications and theirconsequences on HDA19 function in gene regulation and in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated stress response; (2) The study of the function of HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 in plant responses to warm temperature and thermal-related genes expression. In the first part, we show that SA-induced redox changes negatively regulate HDA19 nuclear accumulation through a reversible S-nitrosylation. Treatment with SA, as well as with the physiological nitric oxide donor Snitrosoglutathione, increases the abundance of several histone acetylation marks of HDA19 in Arabidopsis seedlings. hda19 mutant lines display a more oxidative status with increased ROS/RNS-related genes expression, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione levels. These results suggest that SA affects histone acetylation by decreasing the nuclear accumulation of HDA19, resulting in histone hyperacetylation. The second part of the study showed that HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 are involved in modulating plant adaptation to higher ambient temperatures in Arabidopsis. Mutation of HDA15 displayed a constitutive warm temperatureresponsive phenotype under normal temperature, whereas HDA9 and HDA19 mutants were shown insensitive to warming-temperature. Genes expression and RNA sequencing analysis revealed that HDA15 mutation led to the up-regulation of many genes involved in primary and cellular metabolic process when the seedlings were transferred from 20 °C to 27 °C for 4 h. On the other hand, hda19 mutation resulted in up-regulation of genes mainly involved in stressresponses at both normal (20 °C) and warmer (27 °C) temperatures. However, up-regulated genes in hda9-1 mutants did not appear enriched for any particular gene functional category when shifted from 20 °C to 27 °C. Likely, HDA9 and HDA19 positively regulate thermosensory elongation through distinct mechanisms. Our study suggested that the dynamics of histone acetylation regulated by HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 plays an important role for plant adaptation to warm temperature, which involves distinct regulatory pathways of gene expression. Taken together, my thesis work brought in a few new elements to the current understanding of HDACs functions in the regulation of gene expression in plants
Lenoir, Olivia. „Contrôle du développement des cellules endocrines pancréatiques par les Histones Désacétylases“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pancreas maintains glucose homeostasis, through hormones secretion such as insulin and somatostatin by ß and δ endocrine cells, respectively. The abnormal function of the endocrine tissue can lead to diabetes. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that control endocrine cell differentiation in order to develop new diabetes therapies. The objective of my thesis was to characterize the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) during pancreas development. HDACs are epigenetic factors that control gene expression by modulating chromatin compaction state. First, we used a global strategy of HDAC inhibition, using HDAC inhibitors on pancreatic explants, to demonstrate that HDACs act at key points during pancreas development. Particularly, we showed that class I HDACs inhibition amplifies the pool of pancreatic endocrine progenitors. In order to identify the role of specific HDACs, we analyzed their expression profile and found that HDAC4, 5 and 9 are specifically expressed in ß and δ cells. Next, we studied the pancreatic phenotype of embryos from mice with a deletion of Hdac4, 5 or 9. We also developed a new model of gene transfer mediated by lentivirus to overexpress these HDACs in pancreatic explants. We demonstrated that HDAC4, 5 and 9 control the differentiation of the ß/δ endocrine lineage. These results allow to better understand the epigenetic mechanisms that control pancreatic cell differentiation
Schator, Daniel. „Rôle fonctionnel d'une histone désacétylase codée par Legionella pneumophila“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS513.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterium that secretes over 300 proteins in the hostcell through a specialized type 4 secretion system. One of these secreted L. pneumophila effectors, RomA, was shown to directly modify the host chromatin by methylating lysine 14 of Histone H3 (H3K14), a usually acetylated residue. This led to the question how deacetylation of this mark might happen during infection. An in-depth bioinformatics search led to the identification of a protein predicted to code for a histone deacetylase (HDAC), named LphD. During my PhD, I showed that LphD is secreted into the host cell during infection and specifically targets the host cell nucleus, where it exhibits deacetylase activity with high efficiency for H3K14. Indeed, I showed that LphD deacetylates the H3K14 residue also during infection, and that the activity of LphD directly influences the levels of H3K14 methylation in infected cells, highlighting the synergy between LphD and RomA. I also could show that LphD and RomA target an endogenous chromatin binding complex, named HBO1, that contains the histone acetyltransferase KAT7, controlling the acetylation status of H3K14. RNAseq of cells infected with either wild type bacteria or the LphD and RomA knockout assessed the influence of these bacterial effectors on the host’s transcriptional landscape, in particular on genes related to immune response. The model I propose is that the two secreted effectors, LphD and RomA, work together to hijack the host’s epigenetic machinery in order to facilitate the subversion of the host immune response and promotes the intracellular replication of L. pneumophila
Host, Lionel Jimmy. „L'inhibition des histones désacétylases régule le comportement d’auto-administration de cocaïne chez le rat“. Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/HOST_Lionel_Jimmy_2010.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCocaine is an addictive stimulant drug abused by humans and self-administered by rats. Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized primarily by a compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. A unique characteristic of drug addiction, from a clinical point of view, is the persistence of relapse risk long after a person has stopped taking drugs, which constitutes a major obstacle to successful treatment. Cocaine blocks the monoamine transporters, resulting in increased synaptic levels of the amines. The dopaminergic system in particular is thought to represent a key pathway by which psychostimulants produce reinforcement. On the other hand, cocaine administration has been shown to elicit induction in neurons of several immediate early genes that encode transcription factors. Recent data have shown that gene transcription is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms that include DNA methylation and modifications of histones such as acetylation. We show here that injection of several histone deacetylase inhibitors, like trichostatin A (TsA), to rats was sufficient to reduce the reinforcing properties of cocaine and decrease the motivation of the animals to self-administer cocaine but not sucrose. The data also report the blockade of behavioral sensitization by TsA, as well as the reduction of cocaine-seeking behavior induced after a withdrawal period. The effect of TsA on cocaine self-administration was associated with an alteration of the expression of Mecp2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2), of the histone deacetylase HDAC11 and of the transcription factor MEF2C. Modification of the selfadministration behavior in response to TsA was accompanied by extensive changes in gene expression in the cingulate cortex and in the nucleus accumbens, as assessed by cDNA microarray technology. Among the genes induced by cocaine self-administration, we found Lissencephaly gene-1 and Reelin, gene that belong to the same transduction pathway. Mutations within both genes are causing lissencephaly. TsA caused their expression to increase in the cortex and to decrease in the nucleus accumbens. Our results suggest that mechanisms important for the formation of cortical layers during development are used again during adulthood to establish brain plasticity in response to cocaine. The mechanisms, which are under the control of epigenetic factors, especially histone deacetylases, may participate in the development of drug dependence
Gries, Alexandre. „Etude des Histones Désacétylases (HDACs) comme cibles thérapeutiques dans le cancer gastrique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the efficiency of treatments, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with gastric cancer (GC) is approximately 15%. Currently, there is no stratification of patients to prescribe an effective treatment protocol.During my thesis, I established the role of HDAC4 in the sensitivity of GC cells to Cisplatin. I have shown that this response seems to depend on the type of GC (intestinal or diffuse) and the p53 status of cancer cells. I emphasized the interest of combining an HDAC inhibitor (SAHA) with platinum derivative chemotherapies (PDC: Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin) to promote their cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, I observed that the response to combination treatments is different depending on the p53 status of the cancer cells.These results open new perspectives in the use of PDC + SAHA combination therapies in GC. The p53 factor that is often mutated in GC could be a therapeutic marker for a such treatment protocol
Rivera, Sofia. „Evaluation préclinique d’une nouvelle stratégie de radiosensibilisation pharmacologique : l’inhibition des histones désacétylases“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS507/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInsufficient results of conventional chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) have encouraged assessment of new pharmacological strategies for modulation of radiosensitization based on epigenetic changes. We have investigated the combination of radiotherapy and a novel pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), abexinostat in vitro and in vivo in two NSCLC models and in an early phase clinical trial. Our findings demonstrate that abexinostat enhances radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells in a time dependent way in vitro in normoxia and hypoxia increasing radio-induced caspase dependent apoptosis and persistent DNA double strand breaks associated with decreased DNA damage signaling and repair. Interestingly, abexinostat potentiates tumor growth delay in vivo in combined modality treatments associating not only abexinostat and irradiation but also in the triplet combination of abexinostat, irradiation and cisplatin.We conducted an exploratory phase 1, dose-escalation study of abexinostat in combination with standard hypofractionated radiotherapy (30Gy in 10 fractions) in patients with advanced solid tumors treated in a palliative setting. Among 58 treated patients, the median age was 61.5 years (range, 20-82); 47% of the patients had M1 stage disease, and 95% had received previous chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. The recommended phase 2 dose was determined to be 90 mg/m2. Of the 51 patients evaluable for response, best overall response was 8% (1 complete response [CR], 3 partial responses [PRs]), and best loco-regional response was 12% (1 CR and 5 PRs) at a median follow-up of 16 weeks. Of note, patients with target or non-target brain lesions showed encouraging responses, with 1 patient achieving a best loco-regional response of CR. Treatment-emergent grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were few, with most common being thrombocytopenia (17%), lymphopenia (12%), and hypokalemia (7%). Six patients (10%) discontinued treatment due to AEs. No grade ≥3 prolongation of the QTc interval was observed, with no treatment discontinuations due to this AE.Altogether, our data demonstrate in vitro and in vivo a potentiation of anti-tumor effect by abexinostat in combination with irradiation in NSCLC. Oral abexinostat combined with radiotherapy was well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors. The combination may have potential for treatment of patients with brain lesions.Moreover, our work suggest for the first time to our knowledge promising triple combination opportunities with HDACi, irradiation and cisplatin which deserves further investigations and could be of major interest in the treatment of NSCLC.Our studies which are part of a translational research strategy highlight the importance of preclinical investigations in the area of radiotherapy and drug combination research. Only rationale preclinical development and methodologically well conducted clinical development will allow new standards of treatment to emerge and improve patient’s prognostic
Blanchard, Elise. „Etude des régulateurs de l'inflammation de l'épithélium respiratoire dans la mucoviscidose : les histones désacétylases (HDACs) et l'interféron-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1)“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrandperret, Vincent. „Les histones désacétylases de type 2 (HD2) : caractérisation fonctionnelle dans l'immunité des plantes“. Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleType 2 histone deacetylases (HD2s) have been characterized in Nicotiana tabacum as negative regulators of hypersensitive response (HR)-associated cell death induced by cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by Phytophthora cryptogea.The main objectives of this thesis are to increase our general knowledge about HD2s and to characterize their role in the signaling pathway induced by cryptogein.We first examined the evolution of HD2s in green plants and defined two groups of HD2s. We then focused on the evolution of HD2s in the genus Nicotiana. Six genes coding seven isoforms of HD2s were identified in N. tabacum. The four Gr1 HD2 isoforms are functionally redundant in the response to salt stress.To better understand the mode of action of HD2s at the molecular level, and since we – as well as other research groups – were unable to detect any enzymatic activity from HD2s, we tried to identify target genes and potential protein partners of HD2s.Microarray experiments allowed us to identify genes that are regulated by cryptogein in a HD2-dependant fashion. Among these genes, ERF3, coding an ethylene-responsive factor, could be a major gene involved in the initiation of HR-associated cell death.Co-immunopurification experiments combined with mass spectrometry analyses permitted us to identify protein partners of HD2s such as histone H4.Globally, the results obtained during this thesis call into question whether HD2s do have an HDAC activity themselves, or are associated into complexes containing HDACs from the RDP3/HDA1 family. These results also permitted us to better understand the role of HD2s in the nuclear signaling pathway induced by cryptogein in tobacco
Seidel, Carole. „Étude pré-clinique d'une série d'acides 4-hydroxybenzoïques comme inhibiteurs de désacétylases d'histones“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0131/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLysine acetylation is a post-translational modification characterized by addition and removal acetyl group by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. This modification plays a crucial role in multiple cellular processes including gene expression, cell motility and metabolism. It is now well established that disruption of deacetylase activity, leading to a pathological acetylation profile, is associated to cancer development. Consequently, HDACs are considered as promising targets for anticancer therapy, which led to the development of novel HDAC inhibitors. However, discovery and synthesis of new molecules is essential to increase anticancer potential and decrease adverse health effects of already known compounds. We identified five 4-hydroxybenzoic acids as new HDAC inhibitors: three pan-HDAC inhibitors and two HDAC6-specific inhibitors. Pan-HDAC inhibitors induce acetylation of selected lysines within histones H3 and H4 in human chronic myeloid leukemia K-562 cells. Treatment of cells induces cell cycle arrest associated with increased cyclin expression and the transcriptional activation of p21. Finally, these pan-HDAC inhibitors induce apoptotic cell death further confirmed by the cleavage and activation of caspases. HDAC6-specific inhibitors induce hyperacetylation of α-tubulin in correlation with microtubule condensation in adherent prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and LNCaP cells). These compounds induce apoptotic cell death in K-562 cells accompanied by caspase cleavage and the activation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Furthermore, these molecules alter the chaperon function of HSP90α, which is observed through the robust decrease of the expression of its client proteins (i.e. Bcr-Abl and androgen receptor). Noteworthy, the five compounds did not affect healthy cell viability. Taken together these results revealed that 4-hydroxybenzoic acids are attractive molecules for the development of new compounds with promising anticancer properties
Turgeon, Naomie. „Rôle des histones désacétylases dans la régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle du facteur de transcription C/EBP[lettre modificative minuscule delta]“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3866.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLecorgne, Aurélien. „Préparation de ligands pour le récepteur nucléaire HNF4-α et d'inhibiteurs des enzymes histones désacétylases : deux voies possibles pour des agents hypolipidémiants“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research on the discovery of new treatments against high cholesterol is currently intensified. As part of this work, we focused on two actors which play an important role in regulating transcription of the enzyme Cyp7A1, an enzyme that plays a key role in the degradation of cholesterol into bile acids. These actors are the nuclear receptor HNF4-α and the enzyme histone deacetylase HDAC7. In this work, we discovered molecules that can activate the nuclear receptor HNF4-α. Using NMR, we show interaction between one of our compound (7-hydroxy-2-nitronaphto[2,1-b]furan) and HNF4-α. We synthesized and discovered also interesting compounds for the research of specific inhibitors of the enzyme HDAC7. The synthesis of tetrapeptides was also conducted to demonstrate a possible deacetylation of nuclear receptor HNF4-α by enzyme HDAC7. Finally, a functional study around the phenyl ring of a generic HDACs inhibitor (SAHA) was performed and showed that small functional changes around the phenyl group of the SAHA have a large effect on the efficiency of compounds
Leteve, Mathieu. „EPIADDICT - Synthèses de nouveaux inhibiteurs des histones désacétylases et leur intérêt dans un modèle préclinique d’addiction à l’alcool“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe imbalance HAT/HDAC would influence the development of cancers and alcohol or cocaine addiction. HDAC inhibition allows increase of both acetylation rate and gene expression. Today, there are many structurally diverse potent, but non-specific HDAC inhibitors displaying important side-effects. HDAC inhibitors such as sodium butyrate or MS-275 have been shown to alter the alcohol dependence in the rat. MS-275 inhibits mainly class I of HDAC and in line with these observations we are interested in more selective class I inhibitors such as Largazole thiol and RedFK228. Our purpose is to synthesize new cyclodepsipeptides analogues in order to obtain selective class I inhibitor. HDAC class I is a Zn-dependent enzyme and our target molecules have sulfonylhydrazide function as efficient Zinc binding group (ZBG). Additional pharmacomodulations concern the incorporation of different heterocycles (oxazole, thiazole, pyridine) and varying linker lengths (n = 2, 3). Inhibitions of these compounds have been tested on HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC6. A compound has specificity for HDAC3 and another has specificity for HDAC1. Tests on rats "binger" suggest that HDAC1 is involved in this model of consumption and not HDAC3
Reuse, Sophie. „Etude de la réactivation de l'expression des provirus HIV-1 latents par la prostratine en synergie avec des inhibiteurs de désacétylases: mécanismes moléculaires impliqués et potentiel thérapeutique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210213.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle\
Doctorat en Sciences
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Louis, Monette. „Effet du butyrate de sodium dans les lignées du cancer du sein féminin: mécanismes d'action et sensibilisation des cellules par cet inhibiteur des histones désacétylases à la toxicité induite par la doxorubicine et le cisplatine“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’objectif de ce travail a été d’évaluer la toxicité du butyrate de sodium (NaBu), un inhibiteur des
histones désacétylases (HDACs), et ses mécanismes d’action sur les cellules de cancer du sein
humain, les cellules MCF-7 déficientes pour la caspase-3, et lignées dérivées :les cellules MCF-
7/caspase-3, et les cellules VCREMS résistantes à la vincristine, et dans une moindre mesure à la
doxorubicine. La contribution de l’apoptose dans la létalité induite par le NaBu a été recherchée
dans les cellules MCF-7wt en estimant l’exposition de la phosphatidylsérine ainsi que le clivage de
la PARP. La présence de caspase-3, n’a ni amplifié ni accéléré l’apoptose qui a impliqué le
rhéostat Bax/Bcl-2 en faveur d’une induction de Bax. La cytostasie du NaBu dans les cellules
MCF-7 s’est manifestée par un blocage des cellules en phase G2/M. L’évaluation du niveau
d’expression des régulateurs du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules MCF-7wt et MCF-7/caspase-3 a
montré une surexpression de p21, de façon indépendante de p53. L’action cytostatique du NaBu
a été associée à une accumulation légère et modeste des formes non-phosphorylées de pRB, un
facteur dont la phosphorylation par les complexes cycline D/cdk4,6 et cycline E/cdk2 est
nécessaire à la transition G1/S. Dans ces conditions, les niveaux de cdk2 et de Cdc25A, une
oncoprotéine activatrice de cdk2, sont restés stables. Le NaBu est une molécule à effet
pléïotropique, l’utilisation de la trichostatine A, inhibiteur par excellence des HDACs, a permis
d’établir la relation de causalité entre l’inhibition des HDACs et la toxicité du NaBu. La plupart
des inhibiteurs des HDACs induisent l’apoptose en perturbant le métabolisme oxydatif de la
mitochondrie ce qui pourrait modifier le statut redox cellulaire. Nous avons cherché une
implication du métabolisme du glutathion (GSH), le thiol anti-oxydant non-protéique majoritaire
de la cellule, dans la toxicité induite par le NaBu. Les résultats montrent que le NaBu induit une
déplétion du GSH dans les cellules MCF-7wt et dérivées de façon dose-dépendante, corrélée avec
la mortalité cellulaire. Devant l’éventualité d’une consommation accrue de GSH par les enzymes
associées à son métabolisme, nous avons évalué le niveau des activités des enzymes glutathion
peroxydase, glutathion réductase et glutathion S-transférases. Dans les cellules MCF-7, le NaBu a
induit de façon significative ces enzymes anti-oxydantes, à l’exception des GSTs, de même que la
catalase, une enzyme indépendante de ce système. Les expériences visant à libérer le pool de
GSH lié aux protéines ont montré que la déplétion du GSH intracellulaire est parallèle à celle du
GSH lié aux protéines. Par conséquent, la consommation du GSH est réellement la cause de la
chute du niveau de GSH générant un stress oxydant. La doxorubicine, un inhibiteur des
topoisomérases, a une utilisation clinique limitée en raison de ses effets secondaires irréversibles
(cardiotoxicité entre autres). Dans le but d’améliorer son efficacité, nous avons expérimenté des
combinaisons NaBu/doxorubicine sur les cellules VCREMS et MCF-7, étant donné la capacité
du NaBu à induire l’expression des topoisomérases et favoriser la conformation déployée de la
chromatine. L’utilisation de la technique isobologramme nous a permis de déterminer les index
de combinaison pour une application simultanée ou séquentielle des drogues. Les résultats
indiquent que le NaBu sensibilise les cellules VCREMS et MCF-7 à l’action de la doxorubicine.
Dans les cellules VCREMS, cet effet s’est produit en dépit de la stimulation des enzymes de
détoxication, GSTs et GPX. L’ensemble de ces résultats indique que l’utilisation du NaBu en
combinaison avec certains anticancéreux constitue une stratégie très intéressante en
cancérothérapie.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
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Linares, Aurélien. „Histone désacétylases, signalisation œstrogénique et cancer du sein : établissement d’outils bioluminescents pour la détection d’inhibiteurs sélectifs de HDAC : expression et rôle de HDAC9 dans les lignées cellulaires de cancer du sein“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13504/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe estrogen receptor (ER) can modulate the gene expression with consequences in the cell proliferation, apoptosis. This modulation is possible by the recruitment of coactivator or corepressor complexes. The repression activity is in particular explained by the histones deacetylases (HDACs). This protein family is composed by eighteen members who have been classified in four groups. These HDACs are subdivided on structural and functional similarities. The class I isoforms (HDACs 1, 2, 3 and 8), class II (HDACs 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10) and class IV (HDAC11) are Zn-dependent enzymes, whereas class III HDACs (Sirtuins 1-7) are NAD+-dependent. Recent data from the laboratory have shown, at the mRNA level, there is an enormous expression differential of HDAC9 between breast cancer cell line ER positive and negative or OHT resistant cell line. During my thesis, I demonstrated that the regulations of the HDAC9 on the level of its expression as of its role in the various breast cancer cell lines were implicated in the estrogen signaling. This regulation takes place at the transcriptional level and in the ERet#945; activity.In addition, using broad spectrum HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) such as TSA (Tricostatin A), many studies have shown that these inhibitors had antiangiogenic activity. Thus, the design or the identification of selective and potent HDAC inhibitors as agents anti-tumoral and/or anti-metastatic can emerge in a novel opportunity used alone or in combination with the already existing agents for the treatment of cancers. In order to identify and characterize new HDIs, my thesis works consisted to establish bioluminescent cell lines for screening HDAC inhibitors. Different cell GAL4-VP16-HDACs chimeras' models were generated to determine the selectivity of HDIs for the different HDACs
Lin, Hsin-Ping. „Conception, synthèse, évaluation biologique de molécules duales inhibitrices de la tubuline et HDAC et développement d’un système catalytique efficace pour l’hydratation d’alcyne“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of isocombretastatin A-4/belinostat hybrid molecules. The biological evaluation of these new series has identified two molecules with potent anti-proliferative activity in the nanomolar range, which exhibit inhibitory activity on tubulin assembly and HDAC8. Second, we demonstrate that the PtO2/PTSA-MeOH/H2O catalyst system is very efficient in converting internal and terminal alkynes to ketones and that it is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups
Chabot, Sophie. „Potentiel thérapeutique de l'inhibition d'HDAC6 en hypertension artérielle pulmonaire“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27840.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie vasculaire incurable encore incomplètement comprise. Elle se caractérise cliniquement par une élévation de la pression moyenne dans l’artère pulmonaire (AP) au-delà du seuil de 25 mmHg. Au niveau cellulaire, cette élévation des pressions est attribuable à une prolifération excessive et une résistance à l’apoptose accrue des cellules musculaires lisses (CML) d’AP. HDAC6 est une histone désacétylase 6 principalement cytoplasmique régulant divers mécanismes de survie surexprimée en réponse au stress dans plusieurs cancers. Étant donné les similarités entre les cellules cancéreuses et les cellules vasculaires HTAP, nous avons émis l’hypothèse qu’HDAC6 est surexprimée en HTAP et contribuait au phénotype prolifératif et anti-apoptotique des CMLAPs et au remodelage vasculaire en HTAP. À l’aide de souris génétiquement modifiées et d’approches pharmacologiques dans deux modèles animaux précliniques d’HTAP, nous avons voulu démontrer qu’HDAC6 représente une cible thérapeutique de choix. Nous faisons la démonstration qu’HDAC6 est surexprimée dans les tissus pulmonaires, les AP distales et les CML isolées de patients HTAP lorsque comparés aux donneurs sains. L’inhibition moléculaire et pharmacologique d’HDAC6 réduit la prolifération et la résistance à l’apoptose des CMLAPs HTAP, sans avoir d’effet sur les cellules contrôles. D’un point de vue mécanistique, nous démontrons qu’HDAC6 désacétyle KU70, bloquant la translocation mitochondriale de Bax pour éluder l’apoptose. L’inhibition d’HDAC6 in vivo par la tubastatine A améliore significativement les paramètres hémodynamiques et le remodelage vasculaire dans deux modèles d’HTAP précliniques. Nous montrons que l’inhibition d’HDAC6 peut être combinée de façon sécuritaire à une bithérapie HTAP approuvée présentement utilisée en clinique et que la trithérapie proposée procure un effet bénéfique additif à l’inhibition d’HDAC6 seule sur le remodelage. Finalement, nous montrons que les souris mutées pour HDAC6 ont un remodelage vasculaire et une élévation des pressions artérielles pulmonaires significativement moins grands que les souris non mutées en réponse à une hypoxie de 3 semaines. Nous démontrons pour la première fois l’implication d’HDAC6 dans le développement de l’HTAP. L’inhibition d’HDAC6 semble être une avenue thérapeutique intéressante dans le traitement de l’HTAP. La tubastatine A étant déjà en phase clinique dans le traitement de certains cancers, l’évaluation de son efficacité pour la clientèle HTAP pourrait être rapidement mise en place.
RATIONALE: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease with limited therapeutic options. Although exposed to stressful conditions, pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exhibit a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype. HDAC6 is a cytoplasmic histone deacetylase implicated in the regulation of multiple pro-survival mechanisms and overexpressed in response to stress in cancer cells. Due to the similarities between cancer and PAH, we hypothesized that HDAC6 expression is increased in PAH-PASMCs to face stress, allowing them to survive and proliferate, thus contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH. OBJECTIVE: Using genetically modified mice and pharmacological approaches, we aimed to demonstrate that HDAC6 inhibition is a promising strategy to improve PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS: HDAC6 is significantly up-regulated in lungs, distal PAs and isolated PASMCs from PAH patients and animal models. Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 reduces PAH-PASMC proliferation (Ki67 labeling) and resistance to apoptosis (Annexin V assay) in vitro sparing control cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HDAC6 deacetylates Ku70, blocking the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and preventing apoptosis. In vivo inhibition of HDAC6 (Tubastatin A) significantly improves established PAH in two experimental models (Sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline) and can be safely given in combination with currently approved PAH therapies. Finally, Hdac6 K.O mice have significantly lower right ventricle systolic pressure in response to 3 weeks of chronic-hypoxia compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION: We showed for the first time that HDAC6 is implicated in PAH development and represents a new promising therapeutic target to improve PAH.
Marban, Céline. „CTIP2, un répresseur de la transcription des gènes du HIV-1 dans les cellules microgliales“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/MARBAN_Celine_2005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiological agent causing AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome). The central nervous system (CNS) is the second important target of HIV after the immune system. About 10% of the patients with AIDS present neurological symptoms. The macroglial cells are the major site of HIV production in the brain. HIV-1 gene transcription can be divided in two phases, an initial phase controlled by cellular transcription factors and a late phase mainly controlled by the powerful viral transcription factor Tat. My thesis work was focused on the study of CTIP2 (COUP-TF Interacting Protein 2), a cofactor of the cellular transcription factor COUP-TF, on HIV gene transcription in microglial cells. Our findings reveal the ability of CTIP2 to specifically act as a potent inhibitor of both initial and late transcriptional phases, leading to repression of viral replication in microglial cells. Indeed, CTIP2 is recruited by the cellular transcription factors Sp1 and COUP-TF fixed on the GC boxes of the minimal HIV-1 promoter. Once anchored, CTIP2 will recruit histone deacetylase activities (HDAC) leading to a local deacetylation of histone H3. The central domain of CTIP2 will also allow the recruitment of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SUV39H1 which specifically methylate the lysine residue in position nine of histone H3 therefore creating a binding site for the heterochromatin associated protein HP1α. HP1α polymerization along the provirus will then generate a heterochromatic environment making the viral promoter inaccessible for the cellular and viral factors implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 gene transcription
Pagliazzo, Lucile. „Rôles biologiques de l'histone désacétylase 8 chez le parasite Schistosoma mansoni“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchistosoma mansoni is the major parasitic platyhelminth species causing intestinal schistosomiasis, for which around 200 million people are in need of treatment. The schistosome life cycle is complex and includes two hosts: a definitive mammalian host, mainly humans in the case of S. mansoni, and an intermediate snail host. Currently one drug, praziquantel, is the treatment of choice against all species of schistosomes, but tolerant/resistant strains have been isolated in endemic areas following its extensive use in mass treatment programs, as well as in laboratory studies. The need to find new drugs and new treatments is therefore imperative.Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) form a family of enzymes that are conserved in metazoans. They are attractive therapeutic targets in a variety of pathologies, particularly cancer, because they are involved in the regulation of gene transcription and several KDAC inhibitors have already been approved as drugs. Our previous studies identified and characterized three class I KDACS in Schistosoma mansoni: HDAC 1, 3 and 8. Invalidation of the transcription of SmHDAC8 by RNAi led to the impaired survival of the worms after the infection of mice, showing that it is a valid therapeutic target.The analysis of the 3D structure of SmHDAC8 by X-ray crystallography showed that the catalytic domain structure diverges significantly from that of human HDAC8 and this was exploited to identify selective inhibitors that induce apoptosis and death of the worms and are thus lead compounds for the development of novel anti-schistosomal drugs.The precise biological roles of mammalian or schistosomal HDAC8 are unknown and in order to determine why SmHDAC8 knockdown or inhibition causes apoptosis and death it is essential to study the cellular signaling pathways involving SmHDAC8. In the first part of the work described in this thesis, protein partners of SmHDAC8 were characterized by screening a yeast two-hybrid cDNA library and co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. SmHDAC8 partners are involved in different processes, included transcriptional and translational regulation, cell cycle, metabolism, DNA repair, proteolysis or protein transport. Among the partners thus identified the schistosome orthologue of the human RhoAGTPase, suggesting that SmHDAC8 may be involved in the modulation of the organization of the cytoskeleton.The second part of the work focused on the interaction between SmHDAC8 and SmRho1. In adult worms and schistosomula S. mansoni, SmHDAC8 interacts with SmRho1 GTPase which is acetylated on lysine K136. Treatment with an SmHDAC8 inhibitor caused massive disruption of the worm and schistosomula actin cytoskeleton. We have also identified two closely related isoforms of SmRho1 (SmRho1.1 and SmRho1.2). By using two heterologous expression systems (the yeast two hybrid assay and Xenopus oocytes), we have demonstrated a specific interaction between SmHDAC8 and SmRho1.1 involving its C-terminal moiety. Our results show that SmHDAC8 is potentially involved in cytoskeleton organization via its interaction with the SmRho1.1 isoform
Van, Damme Michaël. „Leucémie Lymphoïde Chronique :étude pronostique des histones désacétylases et des gènes impliqués dans l'hydroxyméthylation de l'ADN“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239429.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Castet, Audrey. „Rôle et mécanisme d'action du cofacteur transcriptionnel RIP140 dans la signalisation oestrogénique“. Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON13516.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCázares-Marinero, José de Jesús. „Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation des effets biologiques des hybrides « FcTAM-SAHA » et composés dérivés“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066393.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePursuing our exploration on anticancer activity of tamoxifen ferrocene derivatives, we have synthesized a series of hybrid complexes resulting from the substitution of ferrocifen (FcTAM) side chain with SAHA, a histone-deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) used in the treatment of certain lymphomas. From FcTAM-SAHA hybrid, five types of modifications have been performed. They are [1] modification of the hydroxamic acid function (CONHOH) with a primary amide (CONH2) and a carboxylic acid (COOH), [2] variation of the side chain length, [3] with or without an aromatic substituent, [4] substitution of the metallocene and [5] substitution of the ferrocenyl unit with a phenyl group. The antiproliferative effects of the new complexes have been studied on two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (hormone-independent and triple-negative cell line) and MCF-7 (hormone-dependent cell line). A synergistic effect of the toxicity was observed in series FcTAM-SAHA on both cell lines. Surprisingly, no increase in toxicity was observed in the phenolic (FcOHTAM-SAHA-type) and in ferrocenophane (FnTAM-SAHA-type) hybrids. This observation suggests that the redox properties of the molecules are not expressed in the same way for precursors and hybrid compounds. In general, the hydroxamic acids and primary amides are more cytotoxic than carboxylic acids and these effects are not influenced by the length of the side chain. Finally, we found that the ferrocenic compounds are always more cytotoxic than their organic analogs. This difference highlights the importance of the presence of the ferrocenic moiety associated with its unique redox properties
Simon, O'Brien Emmanuelle. „Inhibition de la recapture des monoamines et des histones désacétylases dans un modèle préclinique d'addiction à l'alcool“. Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIED011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLatrasse, David. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle des histones acétyltransférases de la famille MYST et de l'histone désacétylase HDA9 chez arabidopsis thaliana“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHistone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes able to respectively acetylate and deacetylate histone and non-histone protein. They usually act within multiprotein complexes and play key roles in chromatin remodeling, a mechanism that is greatly involved in the control of plant development. The aim of this work was to study the role of MYST family of HAT, HAM1 and HAM2, and HDAC HDA9 during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of several clades of MYST proteins. Using a reverse genetic approach, we showed that the two MYST family members in Arabidopsis, HAM1 and HAM2, were functionally redundant. In addition to show overlapping expression pattern between these two genes, genetic analysis and cytological studies revealed that ham1 ham2 double mutation induced severe defects in the formation of male and female gametophyte, resulting in an arrest of mitotic cell cycle at early stages of gametogenesis. At the same time, the role of the HDAC HDA9 in the control of flowering time has been specified. Using a “candidate genes” approach, we revealed its role in the repression of the floral activator AGL19 through chromatin modifications on its promoter
Deltour, Sophie. „Étude des mécanismes de repression transcriptionnelle utilisés par le produit du gène suppresseur de tumeur HIC1, un candidat pour le syndrome de Miller-Dieker“. Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-99.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenis, Iza. „Vectorisation d'inhibiteurs d'histones déacétylases et évaluation du phénéthyl isothiocyanate pour l'amélioration des traitements du mésothéliome pleural malin“. Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT17VS.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive form of tumor affecting the pleura, mainly caused by occupational exposure to asbestos. The modest efficiency of current treatments raises the necessity to develop new therapeutic approaches to treat MPM. My PhD consisted in the characterization of two distinct alternatives aiming at improving current anti-tumoral therapies. The first objective of my work focused on the characterization of the vectorization of three histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) onto pH-dependent nanoparticles for specific targeting of the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) to improve their therapeutic effects. Although four HDACi are currently approved for clinical use, their pharmacodynamic properties and severe side effects limit their application in humans. During my thesis, I characterized three vectorized HDACi in vitro and in vivo in a malignant mesothelioma model. This work demonstrates the therapeutic interest of vectorizing HDACi to treat MPM. The second objective of my PhD was to study the naturally occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to improve MPM first line treatment. Approval of synthetic molecules for their clinical use is a major concern given their severe toxicity, and it thus became interesting to consider natural sources to obtain new therapeutic compounds. This work consisted in the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of PEITC alone or in combination with cisplatine in a model of MPM, and demonstrates how this alternative therapy could be beneficial for the treatment of MPM
Thomas, Mickaël. „Etude de systemes moléculaires pour la vectorisation thérapeutique d'agents anticancereux“. Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2357.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe major problem in cancer chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity of cytotoxic agents. Thus, the development of new concepts in order to deliver anticancer drugs selectively at the tumour site is particularly warranted. The use of non toxic prodrugs that could be activated in the course of DEPT or PMT strategies showed encouraging results. Within this framework, we have designed glucuronyl prodrugs of two HDAC inhibitors (SAHA, CI-994). These compounds have been evaluated in vitro and led to encouraging results. Moreover, we have developed a new concept based on the use of sophisticated four part tumour targeting devices designed to seek and destroy tumour cells
Méjat, Alexandre. „Répression transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes musculaires par l'innervation motrice“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0318.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVire, Bérengère. „Régulation transcriptionnelle différentielle de la superfamille du TNF : rôle de la chromatine et contrôle pharmacologique à visée thérapeutique“. Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (Marseille), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Florence. „Etude des histones deacetylases (HDACs) de classes I et III du parasite plathelminthe Schistosoma mansoni“. Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManzo, Fabio. „Functional regulation of class II HDAC trough their catalytic inhibition“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman HDACs comprise a family of 18 different members which are grouped into four classes. Class I (HDAC 1-3,8), class II (HDAC4-7,9,10 of which HDAC4, 5, 7 and 9 form a class II a subgroup due to a common structural organization, while HDAC6 is member of class IIb), class III, also referred to as sirtuins (SIRT1-7) and class IV (HDAC11). Classes I, II and IV HDACs share common features, as all their members are zinc-dependent and exhibit some sequence similarities, while class III HDACs are NAD+-dependent enzymes without homology the other HDACs(1). Pan-inhibitors like SAHA, which is currently in phase III clinical trials and has recently been approved for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, inhibit both classes I and II enzymes, while MS275 is a subclass I selective inhibitor, which blocks the activities of HDAC 1, 2 and much less efficiently HDAC 3. Also class II selective inhibitors have been generated, marking the onset of a dissection of the various activities of HDACs. Notably, while induction of TRAIL appears to be associated with inhibition of class I enzymes in cancerous systems, other cellular functions involve the action of class II HDACs, like the regulation of the differentiation, mainly the cardiac differentiation. In differentiation systems: C2C12 cells, F9 cells, 3T3L1 cells. We tested a new compound HDAC inhibitor, specific for HDAC class 2 in one leukemic model, U937 cells, and various differentiation systems, such as the C2C12 cells for muscle differentiation, the F9 cells for endodermal differentiation and 3t3l1 cells for adypocyte differentiation. Interestingly we found that in C2C12 cells the HDAC class 2 inhibitor blocked the catalytic action of the HDAC class 2, but stabilized the interaction between the transcriptional factor MEF2D and HDAC4. MEF2D is the main transcriptional factor, responsible for the terminal muscle differentiation, and its transcriptional activity inhibition consequently blocked the muscle differentiation. In a similar way in both the other two systems we evaluated the differentiation inhibition and we found that transcriptional activity of RAR and PPARγ, respectively essential for the differentiation of the two systems, was blocked either in vitro in the first case either in vivo in the second case. In the case of the PPARγ induced differentiation, the experiments were assayed in the 3T3L1 cells. The treatment of these cells with Troglitazone induced adypocyte differentiation, while the presence of the MC1568 blocked it completely. Analyzing the Pparg’s expression level for RT-PCR, we found that its level was highly decreased after treatment with the MC1568. Interestingly the treatment of a mouse stably expressing a PPRE-luc, PPAR responsive elements luciferase reporter, blocked the transcriptional activity of PPARγ, showing in this case that the compound was regulating both the nuclear receptor’s transcriptional activity and the transactivation. In tumour model: MCF7 cells In cancer systems, such as MCF7 cells we found that the HDAC class 2 inhibitor MC1568 was inducing HDAC4 sumoylation, that, as previously showed (2) increases the HDAC4 catalytic action. The transfection of a specific HDAC4 sumoylation mutant in F9 cells decreased the repressory power on a note RAR target gene, Collagen IV. We were able to demonstrate that the treatment with MC1568 was regulating the activity of two transcriptional factor, RAR alpha and NF-KB, on three target genes, IRF1, TNF and TRAIL. The HDAC4 sumoylation mediated by RANBP2 repressed transiently the expression of these target genes, that were up-regulated after the complete degradation of HDAC4. Acute promyelocitic leukemia (APL), NB4 cells The NB4 cells is a cellular system of acute promyelocitic leukemia (APL). This disease is characterized by the presence of a fusion protein, PMLRAR alpha, with a strong repressory activity, mediated by the enhanced recruitment of corepressory complexes. The patients are treated with the differentiation therapy with retinoic acid (ATRA). Even if it is quite efficient to treat it, it still remains the problem of resistances, recidives and toxicity, done by the longer treatments, that give the, as said, ATRA syndrome and teratogenicity. In these cells we found that the combination among ATRA and MC1568 seems synergic, inducing a caspase independent cell death, even if in presence of caspases activation. The ZVAD inhibitor (pan-inhibitor for all caspases) failed to block the death induced by the MC1568 and by the combination among the two compounds. Analyzing the activation of the caspases it seemed that the pathway activated was mainly mediated by caspase 8. At the same time we found a strong release of cytochrome C, demonstrating the involvement of the mitochondria in the death induced by these two compounds. The use of a specific inhibitor, the NAC inhibitor, was able to reduce the death mediated by ATRA and MC1568, showing that the pathway was mainly regulated by the NAC dependent way. At this time, we are arrived to select the pathway regulated by this compound. Knowing that an HDAC inhibitor like MS275, specific inhibitor for class 1 HDACs, induce in the same system a caspase-dependent cell death, mainly regulated by TRAIL3, our observation would suggest that the class 2 HDAC inhibition is specifically regulating a pathway that is mainly caspase-independent. This observation could be usefull for treatment therapy, not only ammeliorating the treatment with retinoids, but overcoming possible resistances mediated by mutations and alteration in receptor expression in tumoral cells. Conclusions In my work I have evaluated the effect of a class 2 HDAC inhibitor in several systems, differentiative and cancerous, highlighting its effects in transcriptional regulation and cell death
Nell’uomo gli enzimi de acetilanti gli istoni appartengono ad una famiglia di 18 membri che sono raggruppati in 4 classi. La classe I (HDAC1-3,8), classe II (HDAC4-7,9,10 di cui HDAC4, 5,7,9 formano un subgruppo dovuta ad una comune organizzazione strutturale, mentre HDAC6 è un membro della classe 2), classe III, denominata come sirtuine (SIRT1-7) e classe IV (HDAC11). Le HDAC appartenenti alle classi I, II, IV sono comunemente dipendenti dallo zinco, mentre le HDAC appartenenti alla classe III sono enzimi dipendenti dal NAD +(1). SAHA, un pan inibitore delle HDAC, inibisce entrambi le classi I e II. Attualmente è in phase III clinical trials ed è stato recentemente approvato per il trattamento del linfoma cutaneo delle cellule T. MS275, invece, è un inibitore selettivo per la subclasse I, bloccando preferenzialmente HDAC1,2. Recentemente sono stati sintetizzati anche inibitori selettivi per la classe II, rendendo possibile lo studio delle varie funzioni delle differenti classi delle HDAC. Come è noto, mentre l’induzione di TRAIL sembra essere associata con l’inibizione di enzimi classe I in sistemi cancerosi, le HDAC di classe II sembrano essere coinvolte in altra funzioni cellulari, come la regolazione del differenziamento, principalmente quello cardiaco. Inibitori delle HDAC in sistemi differenziativi: le cellule C2C12, le cellule F9 e le cellule 3T3L1. Abbiamo testato un nuovo composto inibitore HDAC, specifico per la classe 2 in un modello leucemico, le cellule U937, e vari sistemi differenziativi, come le cellule C2C12 per il differenziamento cardiaco, le cellule F9 per il differenziamento endodermico e le cellule 3T3L1 per il differenziamento adipocitario. Abbiamo scoperto che nelle cellule C2C12 l’inibitore HDAC classe 2 stabilizzò l’interazione tra il fattore trascrizionale MEF2D ed HDAC4, pur bloccando l’azione catalitica delle HDAC classe II. MEF2D è il principale fattore trascrizionale resposabile del differenziamento cardiaco terminale e l’inibizione della sua attività trascrizionale conseguentemente bloccò il differenziamento muscolare. Negli altri due sistemi, similmente, noi abbiamo riscontrato l’inibizione del differenziamento ed abbiamo trovato che l’attività trascrizionale di RAR e PPARγ, essenziali per il differenziamento dei relativi sistemi differenziativi, fu bloccata sia in vitro nel primo caso che anche in vivo nel secondo. Nel caso del sistema differenziativo indotto da PPARγ, gli esperimenti furono fatti nelle 3T3L1. Il trattamento di queste cellule con Troglitazione indusse il differenziamento adipocitario, mentre la presenza dell’MC1568 lo bloccò completamente. Analizzando il livello di espressione di PPARγ per RT-PCR, abbiamo ritrovato che il suo livello era altamente decrementato dopo trattamento con MC1568. Abbiamo notato inoltre che il trattamento di un topo transgenico esprimente stabilmente il PPRE-luc, reporter luciferasi degli elementi responsivi a PPAR, bloccò completamente l’attività trascrizionale di PPARγ, mostrando in questo caso che il composto regolava sia l’attività trascrizionale del nuclear receptor sia il suo livello di espressione. In modelli cancerosi: le cellule MCF7 In sistemi cancerosi, così come le cellule MCF7 abbiamo riscontrato che lo specifico inibitore delle HDAC di classe II induceva la sumoilazione di HDAC4, che, come previamente mostrato (2) incrementa l’azione catalitica di HDAC4. La trasfezione di un mutante di HDAC4 specifico per il sito di sumoilazione nelle cellule F9 decrementò il potere repressorio su un noto target di RAR, CollagenIV. Abbiamo dimostrato che il trattamento con MC1568 regolò l’attività di due fattori trascrizionali, quali RAR alpha ed NF-KB, su tre geni target, IFR1, TNF e TRAIL. La sumoilazione di HDAC4 mediata da RANBP2 represse in modo transiente l’espressione di questi geni target, che furono up-regolati dopo la completa degradazione di HDAC4. Leucemia promielocitica acuta (APL), NB4 cells Le cellule NB4 è un sistema cellulare di leucemia promielocitica acuta (APL). Questa malattia è caratterizzata dalla presenza di una proteina di fusione, PMLRAR alpha, con un forte attività repressoria. I pazienti sono attualmente curati con la terapia differenziativa con acido retinoico (ATRA). Anche se è un trattamento molto efficiente, vi sono ancora casi di recidività, resistenze e tossicità al trattamento, dovuto principalmente ai trattamenti prolungati, dando luogo alla cosiddetta ATRA sindrome e teratogenicità. In queste cellule abbiamo scoperto il sinergismo tra ATRA e MC1568. La combinazione delle due droghe ha indotto una morte caspasi-indipendente, anche se in presenza di attivazione delle caspasi. L’inibitore ZVAD, infatti, fallì a bloccare la morte indotta dall’MC1568 e dalla combinazione tra i due composti. Analizzando l’attivazione delle caspasi, abbiamo riscontrato che il pathway maggiormente attivato è quello della caspasi 8. Allo stesso tempo abbiamo ritrovato un forte rilascio del citocromo C, dimostrando il coinvolgimento del mitocondrio nella morte indotta da questi due composti. L’uso di un inibitore specifico dei reattivi dell’ossigeno, N-acetyl-cisteina, ridusse significativamente la morte indotta, definendo il ruolo chiave dei ROS. Sapendo che un inibitore delle HDAC quale MS275, un inibitore specifico delle HDAC di classe 1, inducesse nello stesso sistema una morte caspasi dipendente, principalmente regolata da TRAIL3, la nostra osservazione suggerirebbe che l’inibizione specifica delle HDAC di classe II regola specificamente un pathway caspasi-indipendente, utile per migliorare il trattamento con retinoidi, ma soprattutto per curare quei pazienti con resistenze dovute a mutazioni o alterazione nella espressione del recettore in cellule tumorali. In Conclusione Nel mio lavoro ho studiato l’effetto di un inibitore specifico delle HDAC di classe II in svariati sistemi, differenziativi e cancerosi, concentrandomi sugli effetti nella regolazione trascrizionale e la morte cellulare
Ramond, Francis. „Rôle de l'Histone Déacétylase 6 au cours de de l'atrophie du muscle squelettique“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0434.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuong, Vanessa. „Régulation de l'expression et de l'activité des récepteurs des oestrogènes : rôle de Mdm2 et des inhibiteurs d'histones désacétylase“. Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLegastelois, Rémi. „Sensibilisation comportementale à l'éthanol et mécanismes épigénétiques“. Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIED007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalifou, Kader. „Les histones déméthylases JMJD2A et JARID1A/B dans la régulation transcriptionnelle de la prolifération cellulaire“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn eukaryote nuclei, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins. This structure is called the chromatin. The compaction level of chromatin is highly dynamic. This allows the regulation of gene transcription which requires free access to the DNA. Histone proteins undergo several post translational modifications including methylation that impact chromatin compaction. For example, at genes promoters, methylation on the lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9) is associated with chromatin compaction and thereby transcription repression, whereas methylation on histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) is associated with transcriptional activation. Histone methylation is set by enzymes called histone methyltransferases and removed by histone demethylases which are specific for methylated residues. During my PhD, I studied the role of histone demethylases in the transcriptional regulation of cell proliferation master genes, E2F-regulated genes and rDNA transcription. E2F transcription factors regulate genes like CCNE or CDC6 involved in entry and progression through S phase. Those genes must be activated at the onset of S phase. The transcriptional control of those genes is crucial for a normal cell cycle, and their deregulation is associated with cancer development. Histone methylation events are involved in the repression and activation of E2F target genes during cell cycle progression. However the histone demethylases involved are still unclear. We have shown that the H3K4-specific histone demethylases JARID1A and JARID1B are involved in the fine-tuning of CCNE and CDC6 transcription during S phase. JARID1A and JARID1B are recruited on the promoter of those genes and help limiting their activation at the beginning of S phase. This study shows for the first time the role of those histone demethylases in the fine tuned regulation of E2F targets genes during S phase. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription is the first step of ribosome biogenesis. rDNA is transcribed in the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I (Pol-I). Pol-I transcription is tightly linked to cell growth and proliferation. High levels of Pol-I transcription along with hypertrophied nucleoli is a hallmark of several cancers cells. Pol-I transcription must be regulated according to the availability of growth factors. It is repressed when the cells are deprived of growth factors and activated when growth factors are available. This regulation is under the control of cellular signaling pathways including the Phosphatidyl-Inositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) pathway. Histone methylation events are known to play a role in this regulation. However little is known about how the cell signaling pathways modulate the chromatin response in this process. In collaboration with the team of Dr. Konstantin Panov, we observed that the H3K9-specific histone demethylase JMJD2A is present in the nucleoli of human cells. We showed that JMJD2A, through its ability to demethylate H3K9, is required for the activation of Pol-I transcription in response to growth factors. We further show that PI3K regulate this chromatin response by triggering accumulation of JMJD2A in the nucleoli in response to growth factors. This study demonstrates a yet unknown role for JMJD2A in Pol-I transcription and suggests that the control of JMJD2A localization by the PI3K pathway is a crucial mechanism by which cells adapt protein synthesis to the availability of growth factors. My PhD work helps strengthening our understanding of the mechanisms that involve histone demethylases in the regulation of cell proliferation genes. Understanding those mechanisms is crucial as it might help targeting those enzymes for the treatment of cell proliferation-associated diseases like cancer
Oury, Julien. „Régulation épigénétique de la machinerie de transcription de l'ARN polymérase III par l'histone désacétylase SIRT1“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923163.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShaik, Tajith Baba. „Etude biochimique, biophysique et structurale du mécanisme d'action et de l'inhibition sélective de l'histone désacétylase HDAC8“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are the major targets of currently FDA-approved anti-cancer epigenetic drugs. HDACs also play an important role in the homeostasis of eukaryotic pathogens. Hence, a strategy to tackle neglected diseases caused by these pathogens is to modify currently approved epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs. HDAC8 from Schistosoma mansoni (smHDAC8) was shown to be a valid drug target to treat schistosomiasis, second deadliest tropical disease after malaria. Structural differences between human HDAC8 and smHDAC8 catalytic pocket enabled the design of schistosome-selective inhibitors that bind in a HDAC8 selective pocket, which is unique to HDAC8 among the highly conserved HDAC isozymes. This thesis work shows how to target selectively related isoforms with the help of atomic resolution structures, and opens the door to the investigation of the mode of action of HDAC8 at the fundamental level
Rouaux, Caroline. „Etude du rôle de la balance HAT/HDAC dans les phénomènes de neurodégénérescence : Mise en évidence du rôle neuroprotecteur de CBP et des effets thérapeutiques des inhibiteurs de HDAC sur un modèle murin de sclérose latérale amyotrophique“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ROUAUX_Caroline_2006.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeuronal apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs pathologically in neurodegenerative diseases. It requires a specific genetic program whose application results at least partly from epigenetic regulations such as histone acetylation. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the role of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) in neuronal survival and death. Our results, obtained in a simplified cellular model of neuronal apoptosis and in a in vivo model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons) point to the loss of a specific HAT, CBP, and histone deacetylation, according to two new mechanisms: caspase-6-mediated proteolytic cleavage and gene repression. HDAC inhibition by sodium valproate maintains proper acetylation levels, displays neuroprotective functions both in vitro and in vivo, increases animals sate of health and is then very promising as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases
Fulcrand, Géraldine. „Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des histones au cours de la mitose“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodin, Juliette. „Maladie de Huntington : Dynamiques intracellulaires et voies de dégradation comme cibles thérapeutiques“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMessaoudi, Kahia. „Rôle de l'histone déacétylase 6 au cours de la différenciation mégacaryocytaire“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHistone deacetylase inhibitors are extensively evaluated in clinical trials in the treatment of many solid and hematological cancers but also in other cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their high anti-tumor activity, they induce a severe thrombocytopenia which although transient compromise their use alone or in combination with other drugs. In the present study, we show that Abexinostat, a pan HDAC inhibitor, alters the generation and maturation of MK and also proplatelets formation in vitro. This effect is mainly due to an increase in apoptosis and DNA damage by a p53-dependent pathway. The defect in proplatelets formation is independent of p53 and is rather due to a disorganization of the MK cytoskeleton. Indeed, in my second part of thesis, we showed for the first time that the inhibition of the main cytoplasmic HDAC, HDAC6, alters the generation of proplatelets in vitro. Interestingly, our results show that cortactin, but not tubulin, is the major effector of HDAC6 during proplatelets formation in humans. Surprisingly, the axis HDAC6 / cortactin does not seem to be conserved in mice. Indeed, HDAC6 depletion and the double deletion cortactin and its hematopoietic homologue, HS1, in mice do not affect platelets count. Thus our results show for the first time that HDAC6 is critical for human proplatelets formation in humans but is dispensible for mouse megakaryopoiesis
Khanwalkar, Harshal. „In vitro and in vivo analysis of anti-tumour activity of UVI5008, a novel chromatin enzyme inhibitor“. Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is becoming increasingly clear that cancer is a consequence not only of genetic but also of epigenetic alterations. Interestingly, this epigenetic deregulation is reversible making the corresponding enzymes promising drug targets. Chromatin modifying enzymes, in particular histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), have recently emerged as new promising targets of the so-called “epigenetic drugs” for the treatment of cancer. The aim of this project is to characterize the activities of UVI 5008, a derivative of psammaplin A, a natural product that was originally isolated from the marine sponge Psammaplysilla sp. This compound was synthesized by one of our collaborators, Prof. Angel. R de Lera’s lab (Vigo University, Spain) and we were able to show that it targets several epigenetic effector enzymes and displays anti-tumour activity in vitro and in vivo. We have assessed the tumoricidal activity of UVI5008 both in vitro in a panel of cancer cell lines as well as ex vivo in leukemia patient’s blasts. Our results indicate that UVI5008 reduces cell proliferation by inducing G1-M arrest and apoptosis in established acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and AML patient’s blasts in ex vivo culture. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that UVI5008 blocks HDAC1, 4 and 6 as well as increases the global and site-specific histone acetylation. Apart from its HDAC inhibitory activity, the novel inhibitor blocks CpG island methylation of the promoters of p16/INK4 and retinoic acid receptors (RAR)-beta tumor suppressors. Moreover, we have observed that UVI5008 has sirtuin inhibitory capacity as it increases the acetylation levels of p53 on lysine 382 residue. We could also show that UVI5008 exerts its antitumor effect in vivo in HCT-116 (human colon cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) xenografted tumours in nude mice as well as in a mouse breast cancer model MMTV-myc, which was accompanied by increased histone and p53K382 acetylation in tumouri. Importantly, UVI5008 anti-tumoral activity is selective for cancer cells, without significant toxicity to normal cells and is p53-independent which is also promising, as in the majority of cancers p53 is either silenced or mutated. It is well documented that ErbB2 gene plays an important role in human malignancies. It is amplified and /or overexpressed in approximately 30% of human breast carcinomas and in many other types of human malignancies and individuals with ErbB2-overexpressing tumours have significantly poor clinical outcome. Taking into consideration this fact, we have assessed the anti tumour activity of UVI5008 in one more mouse breast cancer model MMTV-ErbB2, which revealed that UVI5008 is equally active in ErbB2 overexpressing breast tumours. To date there is not a single drug that simultaneously targets all these three families of enzymes namely HDACs, DNMTs and SIRTs. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that targeting these enzymes simultaneously by a single drug is a feasible and an attractive paradigm for new cancer therapies
De, Bellis Floriana. „HDAC inhibitors and retinoids induce apoptosis in cancer : a study in thyroid cancer and acute promyelocytic leukaemia“. Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/DE_BELLIS_Floriana_2010.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and to find an innovative therapy for the treatment of ATCs, I studied the effects of two potent HDAC inhibitors (HDACis),SAHA and MS-275. I showed that: SAHA and MS-275 induce apoptosis selectively in completely transformed thyroid cells; MS-275;SAHA and MS-275 act by stabilizing TRAIL protein by affecting its proteasome-mediated degradation; this novel mechanism is at the base of the synergistic action of HDACis used in combination with proteasome inhibitors. Another part of my PhD project has been centered on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell models where chromosomal translocation-generated AML fusion proteins induced an aberrant recruitment of protein complexes containing HDAC and DNA methyltransferase activities on the all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) target genes, resulting in their transcriptional silencing. The efficacy of ATRA in APL is due to its ability to release the HDAC repressive complex and to recruit the multi-subunit HAT complex on RARE. The removal of the epigenetic block of gene transcription can also be mediated by HDACis. Other types of drugs seem to cooperate to inhibit cell growth. To this aim, I characterized the activity of a novel compound named MC2392 derived from the union of the active part of MS-275 and ATRA: it is a retinoid with similar but divergent characteristics in respect to ATRA; it shows no HDAC inhibition activity in vitro but inhibits the HDACs contained in the PML-RAR repressive complex; it induces a quick cell death, activating the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through FAS induction and caspase 8-3 activation as well as “alternative mechanism(s)” of cell death. Therefore the MC2392, could represent a new drug for treatment of APL
Oger, Frédérik. „Caractérisation de cofacteurs transcriptionnels spécifiques et conservés chez le parasite plathelminthe trématode Schistosoma mansoni : rôles dans l'activité transcriptionnelle du récepteur nucléaire SmFtz-F1 et dans le contrôle épigénétique de la transcription“. Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOzdarska, Katarzyna. „Synthèses d’inhibiteurs de HDAC et leurs tests biologiques (Cytotoxicité, HDAC inhibition)“. Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEpigenetics represents changes in gene expression without altering the nucleic sequence of DNA. One of the main mechanisms of regulation of gene expression is chromatin remodeling via histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC), which may or may not allow gene transcription. An abnormal expression of HDACs is correlated with many diseases (alcohol dependence, inflammation as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancers...). It is essential to target the selectivity of one isoform among the 11 known zinc-dependent HDACs to avoid side effects. The aim of the research was to design and synthesize new compounds, verify their inhibitory activity against class I or II HDACs and their cytotoxicity on four cell lines: HaCaT, V79-4, SH-SY5Y and PC12. We focused on the pharmacomodulations of ZBG, the linker and the cap of known molecules such as MS-275 (selective for class I of HDACs), SAHA and TSA (spacer in C5 or C6) with a strong inhibitory activity towards HDACs, but not selective. We concentrated on the pharmacomodulations of known HDACI modifying the zinc binding domain (sulfonylhydrazide, catechol), the nature of the spacer (alkyl, aryl) and the surface recognition group (bis-aryl, adamantyl, indolopyridazinone). A library of 57 new compounds was designed in three series. None of them showed satisfactory inhibitory activity. The selected compounds did not show cytotoxic activity on neuronal cell lines. Based on this research, it is possible to create new compounds in the indolopyridazinone series in order to test them
Ghawitian, Maya. „Regulation of the tumor suppressor LKB1 by the acetyltransferase GCN5“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe tumor suppressor gene LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase which regulates the cellular metabolism and polarity. Its biological activity is partly exerted through the phosphorylation and activation of 14 kinases which belong to the AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK). The eponym member of this family acts as an essential nutritional sensor in the cell. The research that I conducted during my PhD focused on the regulation of LKB1. The LKB1 holoenzyme is a constitutively active heterotrimer comprising two other proteins called STRAD and MO25. My PhD project shows that LKB1 is acetylated on the lysine 48 residue by the acetyltransferase GCN5. Using biochemical approaches and cell imaging, I have shown that the acetylation of LKB1 by GCN5 favors its nuclear localization, while the non-acetylated fraction is localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. GCN5 also promotes the cytoplasmic export of LKB1 in an HAT-independent manner and regulates its expression levels. In order to investigate the contribution of this acetylation to the functions of LKB1 in vivo, I have used the experimental model of the neural crest (NC) in chick embryos. Indeed, during my PhD, I have contributed to a study, initiated by my host laboratory, in which we show that LKB1 is required for the delamination, polarized migration and survival of neural crest cells (NCCs) which contribute to the formation of most craniofacial structures in vertebrates. LKB1 signaling is mediated by AMPK and the ROCK kinase and converges towards the actin-dependent molecular motor, Myosin II. Using the same experimental model, I have shown that GCN5 is expressed in NCCs during embryogenesis and that the functional interaction between GCN5 and LKB1 is essential for the activity of LKB1 in the cephalic NCCs ontogenesis and head formation
Rai, Myriam. „Overcoming frataxin gene silencing in Friedreich's ataxia with small molecules: studies on cellular and animal models“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210180.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Losson, Hélène. „Combinaisons de nouveaux inhibiteurs de désacétylase d’histones 6 avec des inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase pour le traitement de la leucémie myéloïde chronique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL)+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib as the first-line treatment; however, some patients develop resistances and severe adverse effects. Combination treatments, especially with histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 inhibitors (HDAC6i), appear as an attractive option to prevent TKI resistances considering the capacity of HDAC6i to downregulate BCR-ABL. Moreover, HDAC6 is implicated in protein degradation pathways, so that its inhibition combined with that of the proteasome could sensitize cells to TKIs. Thus, we hypothesized that HDAC6i combined to TKIs could be effective for CML treatment. In the first part, we compared the anti-CML effects of a HDAC6i identified in our laboratory, compound 7b, to the reference HDAC6i tubacin, in combination with imatinib. Results showed that the imatinib-7b combination generated stronger anti- CML effects than imatinib-tubacin. Especially, the imatinib-7b combination elicited a potent synergistic caspase- dependent apoptotic cell death and drastically reduced the proportion of cancer stem cells in K562 CML cells, whereas it only moderately impacted various healthy cell models. Ultimately, the imatinib-7b combination decreased more potently the colony forming capacities and tumor mass formation of CML cells in a semisolid methylcellulose medium and in xenografted zebrafishes, respectively, compared to each compound alone. Mechanistically, the combination induced BCR-ABL ubiquitination and downregulation leading to a dysregulation of multiple key proteins of its downstream pathways involved in CML proliferation and survival. Results tend to demonstrate that 7b could target the second site. In the second part, we initiated a study of a novel hydroxamate-based HDAC6i, MAKV-15, and preliminary results demonstrated it triggered BCR-ABL downregulation. Accordingly, in pre-treatment with bortezomib it sensitizes CML cells to imatinib leading to enhanced caspase-dependent apoptotic death in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells. Considering that HDAC6 is reported to possess two functional catalytic sites, we finally attempted to determine which catalytic site is targeted by these HDAC6i. Taken together, our results suggest that HDAC6i potentiate the effect of imatinib and could overcome TKI resistance in CML cells and therefore such combination may represent a promising therapeutic approach for CML patients
Belbahri, Lassaad. „Clonage du gène sam-1 d'Arabidopsis thaliana dans des cellules indifférenciées de tabac : effets métaboliques et co-suppression“. Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1095.
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