Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „High tech and hard science fiction“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: High tech and hard science fiction.
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "High tech and hard science fiction" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Delgado, Ana, Kjetil Rommetveit, Miquel Barceló und Louis Lemkow. „Imagining High-Tech Bodies“. Science Communication 34, Nr. 2 (28.06.2011): 200–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547011408928.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Seeking for broad and inclusive ways of framing ethical debates on emerging technologies, in this article the authors explore imaginaries of body enhancement as encompassed in the science fiction (sci-fi) literature. They provide in-depth descriptions of three sci-fi novels: Neuromancer, The Player of Games, and Kéthani. They explore how ethical concerns are framed within the imaginary world of these novels, emphasizing that this framing is usually ambivalent, embedded within lived narratives, as well as future and collectively oriented. Because they evoke shared imaginaries, sci-fi novels appear as useful to trigger debate on new technologies.
2
Knight, Graham, und Jennifer Smith. „High-Tech Feudalism: Warrior Culture and Science Fiction TV“. Florilegium 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.15.014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
"Richard III with aliens" is how Cornell (102) describes "Sins of the Father," an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation (hereafter TNG) in which the Klingon warrior Worf, son of Mogh, seeks to restore his family's honour by exposing and challenging those responsible for falsely accusing his dead father of treason to the Klingon Empire. Worf is only pardy successful in his quest, and he remains a perpetually marginal figure whose identity is divided by his Klingon heritage, his childhood as a Klingon orphan raised by humans, and his current status as the only Klingon in Starfleet, the military arm of the Federation of Planets, an alliance of Earth and other worlds whose relationship with the Klingon Empire is marked by tension, suspicion and, at times, open hostility. As a result of these divisions and struggles, Worf's family is eventually stripped of its wealth and rank on the Klingon home-world, and Worf's brother Kurn seeks a ritual death as the only way to absolve his own and his family's disgrace.
3
Forcier, Kaitlin. „High-Tech Orientalism and Science Fiction Futures in Astria Suparak’s "Virtually Asian" (2021)“. Media-N 18, Nr. 1 (01.02.2022): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.median.v18i1.877.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Multimedia artist Astria Suparak’s short video essay, Virtually Asian (2021) presents an astute critique of the racism embedded in pop-culture imaginings of the future. Weaving together footage culled from forty years of science fiction blockbusters, the supercut reveals not only how Asian actors have been used as an orientalist backdrop for white characters in these films, but that these Asian bodies are often dematerialized, represented as projections, holograms, and digital images. The piece comprises a trenchant follow-up to scholar Wendy Chun’s observations about “High-tech Orientalism,” a trope which represents a technologically-advanced future as an exotic Asian landscape. Commissioned by the Berkeley Art Center as part of an online exhibition launched while the gallery was closed by the pandemic, Virtually Asian is part of Suparak's ongoing project, “Asian futures, without Asians.” Despite its sharp critique, Virtually Asian ultimately strikes a hopeful tone. These are after all collective visions of the future: we have the capacity to imagine futures that are less racist, less sexist, more accurate reflections of the world we hope to inhabit.
4
Valler, David, Nicholas A. Phelps und Jayme Radford. „Soft Space, Hard Bargaining: Planning for High-Tech Growth in ‘Science Vale UK’“. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 32, Nr. 5 (Januar 2014): 824–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c1268r.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Chernykh, Alexander Vasilievich, Yuri Valentinovich Maleev, Artem Nikolaevich Shevtsov, Alexey Vladimirovich Volkov, Artem Sergeevich Sundeyev und Nikolai Andreevich Malyukov. „Modern Trends in Transplantation Using High‒Tech Methods“. Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, Nr. 2 (23.09.2017): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-2-96-102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Provides an overview of modern domestic and foreign literature, discuss the main and most relevant approaches to the solution of the accumulated problems of transplantation in the 21st century, when, as never before, the acute problem of shortage of donor organs and rejection during transplantation. One of the variants of their solution is the decellularization of the donor organ with subsequent decellularization acellular matrix (ECM) stem cells (SC) of the recipient. Another area, which in recent years very actively developing is bioprinting (3D the same results for bioprinting). For the first time encountered with this innovation, the very essence of creation on the computer using 3D modeling seems to be a history of science fiction, but this is a real example of how well-developed modern medical science. The above options give you the opportunity to solve the main question of transplantation – rejection of the transplanted organ, for patients undergoing surgery, transplantation, forced life to take immunosuppressive drugs that make a person defenseless against infectious agents and opportunistic viral infection. The article presents the main stages already achieved; the philosophy and development prospects of regenerative medicine; the difficulty faced by scientists in the search for suitable options to prevent the development of immune responses, as well as the use of different materials. The decellularization and bioprinting allow you to create the autograft that solves the problem of immune rejection of the transplanted organ. Defined a detailed description of each of the presented directions of development and provides an objective assessment of their effectiveness and possibility of application at this point in time. Examples of the use of the considered techniques, the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
6
Xinyi, Ma, und Hua Jing. „Humanity in Science Fiction Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Wandering Earth, The Martian and Interstellar“. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, Nr. 1 (30.01.2021): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.1.20.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Wandering Earth, released in 2019, is regarded as a phenomenal film that opens the door to Chinese science fiction movies. The Chinese story in the film has aroused the resonance of domestic audiences, but failed to get high marks on foreign film review websites. In contrast, in recent years, science fiction films in European and American countries are still loved by audiences at home and abroad, such as The Martian and Interstellar, which have both commercial and artistic values. It can be seen that the cultural communication of western science fiction movies is more successful than that of China. Taking the above three works as examples, this paper analyzes the doomsday plot, the beauty of returning home and the role shaping of scientific women in science fiction movies from the perspective of the organic combination of “hard-core elements of science fiction” and “soft value in humanity”, in an attempt to help the foreign cultural communication of domestic science fiction movies. As an attempt to facilitate the global development of Chinese science fiction, this paper concludes that certain Chinese traditional cultural spirit needs further spreading, that Chinese science fiction and humanity should be combined in a more natural way, and that in particular, female character need in depth and multi-dimensional interpretation.
7
Pastourmatzi, Domna. „Researching and Teaching Science Fiction in Greece“. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, Nr. 3 (Mai 2004): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x20613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In the dreams our stuff is made of, Thomas M. Disch talks about the influence and pervasiveness of science Fiction in American culture and asserts the genre's power in “such diverse realms as industrial design and marketing, military strategy, sexual mores, foreign policy, and practical epistemology” (11-12). A few years earlier, Sharona Ben-Tov described science fiction as “a peculiarly American dream”—that is, “a dream upon which, as a nation, we act” (2). Recently, Kim Stanley Robinson has claimed that “rapid technological development on all fronts combined to turn our entire social reality into one giant science fiction novel, which we are all writing together in the great collaboration called history” (1-2). While such diagnostic statements may ring true to American ears, they cannot be taken at face value in the context of Hellenic culture. Despite the unprecedented speed with which the Greeks absorb and consume both the latest technologies (like satellite TV, video, CD and DVD players, electronic games, mobile and cordless phones, PCs, and the Internet) and Hollywood's science fiction blockbuster films, neither technology per se nor science fiction has yet saturated the Greek mind-set to a degree that makes daily life a science-fictional reality. Greek politicians do not consult science fiction writers for military strategy and foreign policy decisions or depend on imaginary scenarios to shape their country's future. Contemporary Hellenic culture does not acquire its national pride from mechanical devices or space conquest. Contrary to the American popular belief that technology is the driving force of history, “a virtually autonomous agent of change” (Marx and Smith xi), the Greek view is that a complex interplay of political, economic, cultural, and technoscientific agencies alters the circumstances of daily life. No hostages to technological determinism, modern Greeks increasingly interface with high-tech inventions, but without locating earthly paradise in their geographic territory and without writing their history or shaping their social reality as “one giant science fiction novel.”
8
Lupo, Giampiero. „Risky Artificial Intelligence: The Role of Incidents in the Path to AI Regulation“. Law, Technology and Humans 5, Nr. 1 (30.05.2023): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/lthj.2682.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The history of high-tech regulation is a path studded with incidents. Each adverse event allowed the gathering of more information on high technologies and their impacts on people, infrastructure, and other technologies, posing the bases for their regulation. With the increasing diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) use, it is plausible that this connection between incidents and high-tech regulation will be confirmed for this technology as well. This study focuses on the role of AI incidents and an efficient strategy of incident data collection and analysis to improve our knowledge of the impact of AI technologies and regulate them better. To pursue this objective, the paper first analyses the evolution of high-tech regulation in the aftermath of incidents. Second, the paper focuses on the recent developments in AI regulation through soft and hard laws. Third, this study assesses the quality of the available AI incident databases and their capacity to provide information useful for opening and regulating the AI black box. This study acknowledges the importance of implementing a strategy for gathering and analysing AI incident data and approving flexible AI regulation that evolves with such a new technology and with the information that we will receive from adverse events—an approach that is also endorsed by the European Commission and its proposal to regulate and harmonise rules on AI.
9
Landfried, Steven E. „Strategies for Effective Information Dissemination in a ‘High-tech’ Age“. Environmental Conservation 16, Nr. 2 (1989): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900008894.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Effective dissemination of information involves hard work, an ability to write, a sense of timing, some luck, and a capacity to keep things in perspective. More specifically, I think success in publicity and public relations depends on an ability to keep the following considerations or groups of considerations in mind on a regular basis:1. What is the message or information to be conveyed?2. Why should this information be shared with others?What are the real motivations behind the desire to communicate it?3. What audiences could this information be transmitted to? Which should it go to preferably?4. What is the best medium to transmit the information? Which other media may also be effective?5. To what degree are intermediaries required to deliver this information? What are the chances of their misediting the material? Are the risks of a foul-up worth the potential benefits of sending the information through second or third parties?6. When is the best time to disseminate the material?7. Can the effectiveness of this campaign be assessed for each target audience? If so, how? If not, why?Communication is a tremendously complex process. No two people perceive the world in exactly the same manner—nor do they encode or decode messages identically (see Bugenthal et al., 1970). Indeed, the subtleties of communication are so fine that even the most carefully constructed message runs definite risks as it is transmitted from one person to another (see Knapp, 1972). In short, we should probably always assume that others will interpret our message somewhat differently from the way in which we intend it to be received.
10
Danilin, I. „Fighting Internet Monopolies in China and the U.S.A.“ World Economy and International Relations 66, Nr. 10 (2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-10-73-80.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Since 2010s growth of the biggest Internet corporations (Big Tech) formed new monopolization challenges, from takeovers of competing start-ups to anti-competitive practices. Initially, regulators were not active, considering complexity of antitrust policies for the high-tech sector (e.g., not to demotivate R&D investments) and specifics of Internet markets (network effects, etc.). But since 2020 situation changed dramatically. Despite the active EU’s role in developing model digital norms, special attention should be paid to the U.S.A. and China (as countries of origin of Big Tech and key Internet markets). In both economies, regulators previously executed a non-restrictive approach to the Internet markets and Big Tech, also as factor supporting their development and global leadership. But rising challenges and political events triggered new antitrust attack. For the PRC it was Jack Ma’s speech amid rising concerns of the CPC leaders about income asymmetries. In the U.S.A. it was Trumpists’ war on the “liberal media” and changes in long-term “alliance” between Democrats and Big Tech. Since 2020 China started antitrust investigations against Big Tech and other Internet corporations, imposed fines, and developed new regulations. In the U.S.A., due to the specifics of the legal and political system, focus was made on forming political and legal basis for further regulatory actions. Several lawsuits were initiated, critics of Internet monopolies were assigned on key positions in federal antitrust bodies, while Congress elaborated draft acts. Theoretical analysis shows that in both nations focus was made on the sharpest (for society and politicians) changes. New initiatives do not pose a threat to Big Tech’s innovation activities yet. Less obvious is their correspondence to the digital economy specifics. So, it is still hard to understand whether these actions will lead to rise of innovations and competition. Long-term systematic development of regulation is needed – as well as serious theoretical research on “digital antitrust”.
11
Arvidsson, Adam. „The unsustainable Makers“. Journal of Science Communication 09, Nr. 01 (22.03.2010): R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.09010701.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Makers is the latest novel of the American science fiction writer, blogger and Silicon Valley intellectual Cory Doctorow. Set in the 2010s, the novel describes the possible impact of the present trend towards the migration of modes of production and organization that have emerged online into the sphere of material production. Called New Work, this movement is indebted to a new maker culture that attracts people into a kind of neo-artisan, high tech mode of production. The question is: can a corporate-funded New Work movement be sustainable? Doctorow seems to suggest that a capitalist economy of abundance is unsustainable because it tends to restrict the reach of its value flows to a privileged managerial elite.
12
Taillandier, Denis. „New Spaces for Old Motifs? The Virtual Worlds of Japanese Cyberpunk“. Arts 7, Nr. 4 (05.10.2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
North-American cyberpunk’s recurrent use of high-tech Japan as “the default setting for the future,” has generated a Japonism reframed in technological terms. While the renewed representations of techno-Orientalism have received scholarly attention, little has been said about literary Japanese science fiction. This paper attempts to discuss the transnational construction of Japanese cyberpunk through Masaki Gorō’s Venus City (Vīnasu Shiti, 1992) and Tobi Hirotaka’s Angels of the Forsaken Garden series (Haien no tenshi, 2002–). Elaborating on Tatsumi’s concept of synchronicity, it focuses on the intertextual dynamics that underlie the shaping of those texts to shed light on Japanese cyberpunk’s (dis)connections to techno-Orientalism as well as on the relationships between literary works, virtual worlds and reality.
13
Mckee, Gabriel. „“Reality – Is it a Horror?”“. Journal of Gods and Monsters 1, Nr. 1 (18.07.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/jgm.v1i1.1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper discusses the works of author Richard S. Shaver, who rose to prominence in the science fiction world in the 1940s with stories describing a vast underworld of caverns under the surface of the earth. These caverns were inhabited by evil beings called “dero” that used high-tech devices to torment the inhabitants of the surface world. Shaver, who had spent several years in mental institutions prior to his writing career, claimed his stories were true, and Amazing’s editor, Raymond A. Palmer, aggressively promted the “Shaver Mystery.” This prompted a backlash from science fiction fandom against both Shaver and Palmer. This paper gives an overview of Shaver’s career and explores his world-system as a form of theodicy, drawing in particular on his novel Mandark, a retelling of portions of the Bible narrative. Shaver’s monsters and their devices are examples of an “influencing machine,” a commonly-occurring delusional phenomenon first described by psychologist Victor Tausk in 1919, an externalized force that a patient believes is the source of thoughts and sensations. This paper argues that, for Shaver, the dero provided a psychological framework for processing tragic and traumatic events, externalizing tormenting forces into monsters. His fiction then became a force for combatting those torments within a narrative context. Like other conspiracy theories, the Shaver Mystery seeks to impose order on a chaotic world.
14
Li, Xiao Zhou, Bin Dai, Jin Kai Xu, Le Tong, Mao Xun Wang und Shen Wang. „Study on the Influence of Amplitude on Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Hard and Brittle Materials“. Materials Science Forum 1047 (18.10.2021): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.57.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the development of advanced manufacturing technology, ceramic matrix composite materials, a typically hard and brittle material, have been widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace manufacturing. Due to the anisotropy of materials, the quality of conventional processing workpieces is poor, and the processing accuracy is difficult to guarantee. In this experiment, ceramic matrix composite materials are machined by ultrasonic vibration grinding with the CBN grinding rods. The influence of amplitude on the grinding force and the surface quality of the workpiece in the grinding process are analyzed by a series of experiments on ceramic matrix composites. The results show that, compared with the conventional grinding process, in the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding process, the grinding force is reduced by about 60%, and the surface quality is also improved significantly,the surface roughness Sa is reduced by about 25%.
15
Neťuková, Slávka, Martin Bejtic, Christiane Malá, Lucie Horáková, Patrik Kutílek, Jan Kauler und Radim Krupička. „Lower Limb Exoskeleton Sensors: State-of-the-Art“. Sensors 22, Nr. 23 (23.11.2022): 9091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Due to the ever-increasing proportion of older people in the total population and the growing awareness of the importance of protecting workers against physical overload during long-time hard work, the idea of supporting exoskeletons progressed from high-tech fiction to almost commercialized products within the last six decades. Sensors, as part of the perception layer, play a crucial role in enhancing the functionality of exoskeletons by providing as accurate real-time data as possible to generate reliable input data for the control layer. The result of the processed sensor data is the information about current limb position, movement intension, and needed support. With the help of this review article, we want to clarify which criteria for sensors used in exoskeletons are important and how standard sensor types, such as kinematic and kinetic sensors, are used in lower limb exoskeletons. We also want to outline the possibilities and limitations of special medical signal sensors detecting, e.g., brain or muscle signals to improve data perception at the human–machine interface. A topic-based literature and product research was done to gain the best possible overview of the newest developments, research results, and products in the field. The paper provides an extensive overview of sensor criteria that need to be considered for the use of sensors in exoskeletons, as well as a collection of sensors and their placement used in current exoskeleton products. Additionally, the article points out several types of sensors detecting physiological or environmental signals that might be beneficial for future exoskeleton developments.
16
Freedman, Carl. „Polemical Afterword: Some Brief Reflections on Arnold Schwarzenegger and on Science Fiction in Contemporary American Culture“. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, Nr. 3 (Mai 2004): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x20631.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The 2003 Guber natorial recall campaign in California was a perfect political storm. The extraordinary result—the democratic removal of a sitting governor before his term expired (for the first time in California history and the second time in United States history) and his replacement by a bodybuilder turned movie star with not the slightest governmental experience—depended on the improbable conjuncture of several factors, each pretty odd in itself: the special severity with which the Bush recession hit the California economy, largely because of the latter's unusual dependence on high-tech corporations; the California power crisis engineered by Enron and other denizens of the Houston energy industry; the astonishing charmlessness of Governor Gray Davis, whose political career had been based not on attracting strong loyalty or admiration but on fund-raising, negative campaigning, and convincing core Democratic constituencies that he was marginally less repellant than Republican alternatives; the willingness of the multimillionaire United States congressman Daryl Issa to spend two million dollars of his own money to get the recall on the ballot in the first place; and, of course, the overwhelming star power of Arnold Schwarzenegger. One might suppose that the evident contingency of the whole matter precludes finding historical importance in it. It is after all possible, even likely, in what Guy Debord brilliantly analyzed as la société du spectacle, for an event to be sensational without being tremendously significant.
17
Oliveira, Ana. „Subject (in) Trouble: Humans, Robots, and Legal Imagination“. Laws 9, Nr. 2 (31.03.2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws9020010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The legal conception and interpretation of the subject of law have long been challenged by different theoretical backgrounds: from the feminist critiques of the patriarchal nature of law and its subjects to the Marxist critiques of its capitalist ideological nature and the anti-racist critiques of its colonial nature. These perspectives are, in turn, challenged by anarchist, queer, and crip conceptions that, while compelling a critical return to the subject, the structure and the law also serve as an inspiration for arguments that deplete the structures and render them hostages of the sovereignty of the subject’ self-fiction. Identity Wars (a possible epithet for this political and epistemological battle to establish meaning through which power is exercised) have, for their part, been challenged by a renewed axiological consensus, here introduced by posthuman critical theory: species hierarchy and anthropocentric exceptionalism. As concepts and matter, questioning human exceptionalism has created new legal issues: from ecosexual weddings with the sea, the sun, or a horse; to human rights of animals; to granting legal personhood to nature; to human rights of machines, inter alia the right to (or not to) consent. Part of a wider movement on legal theory, which extends the notion of legal subjectivity to non-human agents, the subject is increasingly in trouble. From Science Fiction to hyperrealist materialism, this paper intends to signal some of the normative problems introduced, firstly, by the sovereignty of the subject’s self-fiction; and, secondly, by the anthropomorphization of high-tech robotics.
18
Jia, Yating, Xin He, Shaomin Feng, Sijia Zhang, Changling Zhang, Chongwen Ren, Xiancheng Wang und Changqing Jin. „A Combinatory Package for Diamond Anvil Cell Experiments“. Crystals 10, Nr. 12 (08.12.2020): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In this work, we introduce the Architecture Tech for High-Pressure Experiments Net Assembly (ATHENA) package based on diamond anvil cells, combining both the deposition of specimens as well as the detection of probes on anvils layer by layer. The specimens are typically ~1 μm in thickness and very hard to manipulate with traditional hand skills. ATHENA represents an all-in-one package by accurately synergizing chip-like networks prepared using magnetic sputtering methods and guaranteeing well-designed dimensions, positions and perfect electric contacts. We apply ATHENA successfully to the study of lanthanum metal above 60 GPa, showing very sharp pressure-enhanced superconductivity and parabolic critical temperature (Tc) evolution as a function of pressure with pressure-enhanced itinerant behavior at normal state.
19
Mirzaali, Nava, Gunashekar, Nouri-Goushki, Doubrovski und Zadpoor. „Fracture Behavior of Bio-Inspired Functionally Graded Soft–Hard Composites Made by Multi-Material 3D Printing: The Case of Colinear Cracks“. Materials 12, Nr. 17 (26.08.2019): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The functional gradient is a concept often occurring in nature. This concept can be implemented in the design and fabrication of advanced materials with specific functionalities and properties. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) can effectively eliminate the interface problems in extremely hard–soft connections, and, thus, have numerous and diverse applications in high-tech industries, such as those in biomedical and aerospace fields. Here, using voxel-based multi-material additive manufacturing (AM, = 3D printing) techniques, which works on the basis of material jetting, we studied the fracture behavior of functionally graded soft–hard composites with a pre-existing crack colinear with the gradient direction. We designed, additively manufactured, and mechanically tested the two main types of functionally graded composites, namely, composites with step-wise and continuous gradients. In addition, we changed the length of the transition zone between the hard and soft materials such that it covered 5%, 25%, 50%, or 100% of the width (W) of the specimens. The results showed that except for the fracture strain, the fracture properties of the graded specimens decreased as the length of the transition zone increased. Additionally, it was found that specimens with abrupt hard–soft transitions have significantly better fracture properties than those with continuous gradients. Among the composites with gradients, those with step-wise gradients showed a slightly better fracture resistance compared to those with continuous gradients. In contrast, FGMs with continuous gradients showed higher values of elastic stiffness and fracture energy, which makes each gradient function suitable for different loading scenarios. Moreover, regardless of the gradient function used in the design of the specimens, decreasing the length of the transition zone from 100%W to 5%W increased the fracture resistance of FGMs. We discuss the important underlying fracture mechanisms using data collected from digital image correlation (DIC), digital image microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were used to analyze the fracture surface.
20
Yu, Huijun, Lu Lu, Zifan Wang und Chuanzhong Chen. „Microstructure and Wear Resistance of a Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Alloying with Ni-Coated Graphite on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy“. Materials 15, Nr. 16 (11.08.2022): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Titanium alloys are widely used in high-tech fields, while its disadvantages such as low hardness, high coefficient of friction and poor wear resistance have restricted its applications. This study focuses on improving the friction and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys by means of laser surface alloying with Ni-coated graphite (G@Ni). The results suggest that Ni acts as a protective layer to hinder the direct contact and reaction of C and Ti in the molten pool. A part of graphite is unmelted and finally remains to form a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating with a compact structure. The average hardness of the coating is approximately four times that of the substrate owing to the TiC hard phase and compact microstructures as the reinforcing phase. The residual graphite in the coating plays a friction-reduction role during the wear test. The wear resistance is increased to 8.53 times that of the substrate according to wear mass loss. This study can effectively enhance the performance and expand the application of the titanium alloys by improving the wear resistance and reducing the friction.
21
Kryukov, V. A., und A. N. Tokarev. „Creation of Conditions for the Development of Hard-to-Recover Oil Reserves: Regional Aspects“. Economy of Region 18, Nr. 3 (2022): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Russia has great potential in terms of developing hard-to-recover oil reserves (HRR), which account for more than two thirds of the total reserves. However, relevant scientific studies mostly focus on geological and technical problems, while the issues of creating conditions for the effective development of HRR are often limited to recommendations for tax incentives. At the same time, little attention is paid to the problems of creating institutional conditions aimed at transforming the resource potential into real socio-economic effects. The interests of resource regions are also not taken into consideration. In this regard, the present study assesses potential socio-economic effects of the development of HRR at the regional level (on the case of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, KhMAO) and provides recommendations to create institutional conditions for the development of such resources. In order to establish an approach for analysing potential socio-economic effects from the implementation of HRR development projects, methods for evaluating investment projects and examining inter-industry relations were utilised. Dynamics of socio-economic development indicators of KhMAO, production projections of hard-to-recover oil reserves, as well as available technical and economic parameters of HRR development projects in Russia and abroad were considered. The calculations show that the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves will help stabilise production volumes in KhMAO and generate significant direct and indirect effects associated with tax revenues increase, maintenance of related industries and employment. The study results can be used to develop strategic documents for oil and gas regions. Future research will analyse interregional relationships aimed at ensuring the extraction of hard-to-recover oil using innovative equipment, and providing high-tech services.
22
Zavgorodniy, Konstantin, und Viktor Neimet. „STRATEGIC GUIDELINES FOR THE POST-WAR RECOVERY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 8, Nr. 1 (22.02.2023): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2023-1-41.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Post-war recovery must consider the concept of inclusive development, which is aimed at strengthening public security and social cohesion, supporting the reconstruction of the economy of the affected and de-occupied territories, and implementing the reforms of decentralization of power and health care in communities under the control of the government of Ukraine. That is why the substantiation of the strategic orientations of the post-war recovery of the national economy should be based on the conditions of inclusive development. The article aims to justify the strategic directions of the post-war recovery of the national economy in the states of inclusive development. The analysis showed that the structural model of Ukraine's economy from the point of view of technological development remains low-tech. This is evidenced by the share of productions belonging to 4 and 5 and technological systems, which is only 3.9 and 1.1 percent, respectively. The analysis results showed negative trends in the dynamics regarding the reduction of the already low share of production in GDP, particularly in high-tech industries. It was determined that despite the growth of digital technologies in GDP, unfortunately, they are implemented primarily in public administration, trade, and service. It has been proven that the technological structure of Ukraine's economy, according to the criteria of the organization of economic cooperation regarding the conformity of the sectoral and technical construction, is unstable, and its manifestation in the future may lead to critical consequences for the well-being of the population. It is substantiated that the design of an economic model of sustainable development in conditions of uncertainty and global turbulence requires the division of factors of economic transformation into two groups ("hard factors" and "soft factors"). Characteristic of "hard factors" is that recovery and reconstruction are possible after conducting a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the state of the economic, infrastructural, and resource potential of the national economy, as well as regional economies after victory, the complete cessation of hostilities and the guarantee of military security. Accordingly, "soft factors" characterize a set of favorable climates for the implementation of planned changes, as well as the function of stimulating or inhibiting these or other processes. Keywords: strategic guidelines, national economy, post-war recovery, inclusive development.
23
Meade, Phillip, Luis Rabelo und Albert Jones. „Applications of chaos and complexity theories to the technology adoption life cycle: case studies in the hard-drive, microprocessor, and server high-tech industries“. International Journal of Technology Management 36, Nr. 4 (2006): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2006.010270.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
24
Repenkova, Maria M. „Processes in the literature of 1990s-2000s Turkiye“. Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, Nr. 1 (2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080023952-4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This study focuses on the situation in Türkiye's literature during the 1990s and 2000s. It was marked by a dramatic paradigm shift in the attitudes of creators, the desacralization of writing, the loss of cognitive and educational functions by literature, and its conversion into a job, a business, and a game. The paper argues that Turkish literature's focus on consumption alone allows for a " vertical" classification – i.e., separation based on the intellectual capacity of the readers: high art/elite literature, designed for a narrow circle of connoisseurs and requiring considerable effort and a large cultural outlook for the adequate perception of the text (Orhan Pamuk, Ayfer Tunç, Sema Kaygusuz, Hakan Günday, etc.) and the mass literature to be read, say, in public transport or at home after a hard day's work (Alp Aras, Gülse Birsel, Nermin Bezmen, Funda Özlem Şeran, Kudret Alkan, Gündüz Öğüt, etc.). The study devoted a special place to the middle-ground literature (Ömer Zülfü Livaneli, Ayşe Kulin, Buket Uzuner, Ahmet Ümit, Canan Tan, İskender Pala, Tuna Kiremitçi, Seray Şahiner, etc.), usually called "belles-lettres" in Russian and international literary studies. The term failed to take root in Turkish literary studies. The middle-ground belles-lettres is closely related to both the "upper" and the "lower" strata of literature. Only time can determine whether a certain text belongs to belles-lettres, "high art" or "mass" prose. As part of this vertical gradation, the author reviews the mainstream genre in Turkish mass literature: fiction (subgenres, authors, publishers specializing in the genre, etc.). The study highlights that research into Turkish fiction is complicated by the fact that it is becoming increasingly difficult to classify it as a purely literary phenomenon. Fiction books compete with Turkish Hollywood – Yeşilçam – as well as comic books and video games. As a result, the author concluded that researching modern Turkish fiction only through the lens of literary studies is hardly feasible. Studying this phenomenon requires involving specialists from other humanities – cultural studies, sociology, philosophy, and psychology – necessitating the development of new interdisciplinary methods.
25
Li, Yang. „The Development of Postmodern Identity in the Characterisation of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep“. Communications in Humanities Research 23, Nr. 1 (20.12.2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/23/20230718.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper shows that postmodern identity is closely related to the image of cyborg in science fiction. Analyzing the environment and characters in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, written by Philip K.Dick, offers a deep understanding of characteristics of postmodern identity, which is unstable, fragmented and changeable. The bleak urban landscape where only few people live presents a post war and high tech world that shares features of postmodernism. Besides, the character John Isidore, who is a special, and many escaped androids are all considered as others that should be excluded from the normal society. Hence the dilemma of postmodern identity can be uncovered. To be specific, the android character Rachael Rosen illustrates the fragmentation and reconstruction of postmodern female identity because she is a humanoid robot designed as a woman. Also the combination between a cyborg and a woman gives an insight into the similarities between its identity and her identity. Based on the cyborg theory by Donna Haraway, the criticism by Anne Balsamo in Reading Cyborgs Writing Feminism and the postmodern identity theory by Elena Abrudan, the extent to which Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? explored the identity can be disclosed.
26
Rassenfoss, Stephen. „Microwave Drilling Sounds Like Science Fiction, but So Does Drilling Down to the Hottest Rock“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, Nr. 01 (01.01.2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0123-0018-jpt.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
_ When asked to describe Quaise Energy, Chief Financial Officer Kevin Bonebrake said, “At its simplest, we will manufacture steam.” Their goal is to produce steam that is hot enough to power an electric generator built to run on fossil fuel. They plan to do that by injecting water down 10–20 km to where the rock temperature is 400 to 500°C. The motivation for drilling wells into extremely hard basement rock is to make geothermal electric power affordable by producing steam that could be used to repower older plants connected to power grids serving major markets. In the past, geothermal power has been little used because there are few places in the world with the right combination of the hot rock, water, and permeability required to deliver high‑quality steam. Hot, dry rock is commonly available, but producing the supercritical steam needed requires drilling to depths of 10 to 20 km, depending on the temperature gradient in that part of the US. At that depth, the driller will be faced with rocks such as granite and basalt. The rock is capable of both producing superheated steam and destroying the microchips and seals required for directional drilling. Quaise plans to drill ultradeep holes by generating high‑powered microwaves at the drilling site. The microwaves will be transmitted downhole to make hole by melting and vaporizing the basement rock. The only downhole equipment is a long tube to guide the waves to their target. It is one of those ideas where the first reaction most people have is “that sounds like science fiction,” which speaks to both the problem and the proposed solution. “You have to think differently to deal with that type of temperature,” said Henry Phan, vice president of engineering at Quaise, whose job is to turn this invention into engineering reality. Where It’s Hot The high barriers to drilling wells 10 to 20 km deep (33,000 to 66,000 ft) beg the question, isn’t there an alternative? A simpler, faster, and cheaper option would be to use proven drilling methods to reach not‑so‑deep levels where the steam produced is not as hot. Phan described it as “colder, lower‑pressure, wetter steam.” That sort of geothermal energy can be useful for purposes such as providing heat for desalination or energy for central cooling systems, according to an analysis of Oman’s efforts to tap the energy of hot‑water zones beneath oil fields. These zones were not hot enough to generate electric power. There is talk of using steam from zones that are not as deep, but Quaise’s analysis concluded that the large investment required to build power plants capable of using that steam for electric generation would make the output uneconomically costly. Quaise argues that finding a way to drill extreme wells is worth the cost and technical risks that come with new technology and drilling into little‑known formations because it would save the cost of building a power plant. Its goal is to supply older fossil‑fueled plants whose owners would be eager to convert to geothermal steam because of the staggering cost of complying with environmental regulations.
27
Kushnarov, Valerii. „Cyberpunk as a Metacultural Movement: Philosophical-Cultural Analysis“. Culture and Arts in the Modern World, Nr. 24 (22.09.2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2410-1915.24.2023.287657.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of modern mass culture and during this analysis find out its ontological status including scientism-technological imperatives of cyberculture and ideas of transhumanism. Results. Cyberpunk is an interesting, functional and new (in comparison with classical examples) form of mass culture, cultural-ideological movement, and sphere of translation and the intersection of protest ideas and meanings, due to its genre and sectoral pluralism (science fiction, film industry, music, design, video games, fashion, ideology, etc.), and also logics of technodeterminism, is still an important factor of transformation cultural-art space in the 21st century. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, realised the philosophical-cultural analysis of cyberpunk including its peculiarities as a literary genre, phenomenon of mass culture and aesthetics. Conclusions. It is proved that cyberpunk appeared as a genre of science fiction literature in the 1960s-1970s and then later through conceptualisation of ideas in the 80s and agreeing of transcendental impulses counterculture of the 60s with computerisation and the specifics of technological evolution in the 90s, has evolved to the level of a metacultural movement. As the latter, it encompasses the literary genre, the film and fashion industry, architecture and graphic design (with a special aesthetic), technoanthropology, futurology and identity theory, and ideological discourse. It is confirmed that thanks to protest as a manifestation of freedom, the actualisation of the problem of corporeality, and dystopian high-tech projections, with the help of postmodern relativism and poststructuralist rhizomorphism, cyberpunk annihilates modern cultural narratives, thus creating many risks, including the potential formation of pathological forms of identification, declarative asociality, and cyber-prosthetics, which often develop into horrific manifestations of dehumanisation.
28
Tahir, Muhammad, Gert Heinrich, Nasir Mahmood, Regine Boldt, Sven Wießner und Klaus Stöckelhuber. „Blending In Situ Polyurethane-Urea with Different Kinds of Rubber: Performance and Compatibility Aspects“. Materials 11, Nr. 11 (02.11.2018): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112175.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Specific physical and reactive compatibilization strategies are applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of heterogeneous polymer blends. Another pertinent challenge is the need of energy-intensive blending methods to blend high-tech polymers such as the blending of a pre-made hard polyurethane (-urea) with rubbers. We developed and investigated a reactive blending method to prepare the outstanding blends based on polyurethane-urea and rubbers at a low blending temperature and without any interfacial compatibilizing agent. In this study, the polyurethane-urea (PUU) was synthesized via the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate end-capped prepolymer and m-phenylene diamine based precursor route during blending at 100 °C with polar (carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR)) and non-polar (natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (sSBR), and ethylene propylene butadiene rubber (EPDM)) rubbers. We found that the in situ PUU reinforces the tensile response at low strain region and the dynamic-mechanical response up to 150 °C in the case of all used rubbers. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a stronger rubber/PUU interface, which promotes an effective stress transfer between the blend phases. Furthermore, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) based elemental carbon map identifies an interphase region along the interface between the nitrile rubber and in situ PUU phases of this exemplary blend type.
29
Khaymina, Lyudmila E., Larisa I. Zelenina, Evgeniy S. Khaymin und Svetlana I. Fedkushova. „Artificial Intelligence in the Healthcare System of the Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation“. Arctic and North, Nr. 52 (29.09.2023): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2023.52.232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Currently, in the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into the healthcare system in order to improve the quality of medical care provided. The AI methods support the medical decision-making, it becomes possible to obtain a second opinion for a doctor when determining a diagnosis, which leads to a reduced risk of determining erroneous diagnoses (including missed pathologies). The development of high-tech medical care is a particularly relevant issue for medical institutions in the Arctic regions, which are geographically distributed and remote territories with hard natural and climatic conditions. The solution of this issue is designed to ensure natural sustaina-ble population growth in these regions and increase the life expectancy of the population of the Russian Arctic, including the indigenous peoples of the North. The article considers the positive experience of cooperation between Russian research centers, medical companies and higher educational institutions in the development and implementation of medical software products based on technologies and methods of artificial intelligence on the example of such Arctic territories of Russia as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia and the Arkhangelsk Oblast.
30
Noviana, Fajria, und Budi Mulyadi. „DAMPAK PENERAPAN PERUBAHAN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN SMA DALAM ANIME KOKURIKO-ZAKA KARA“. KIRYOKU 2, Nr. 4 (03.12.2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v2i4.15-23.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
(Title: The Impact of Implementing Changes in High School Education System in Kokuriko-zaka Kara Anime) This anime tells story about Konan High School students who fight to protect an old building, which has become a center for their activities, from destruction by school owner. The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of implementing changes in Japan’sHigh School education system at Showa period which described in this anime. Dialectical method is used to analyze social factors which contained in this anime as a litperiodry work. This method combines the results of analysis with facts of fiction found in litperiodture and facts in society. Stalcup’s theory of education is used to analyze how Japan’s educational system affecting those high school students. The results are: 1) changes in education system succeeded in making students to be more active, creative, brave, hard working, and work in team; 2) changes in education system succeeded in increasing student’s learning passion and adding insight and understanding of science; 3) changes in education system succeeded in improving Japanese education standard and providing same opportunities for boys and girls to have higher education.
31
Peng, Ding-Hong, Tie-Dan Wang, Chang-Yuan Gao und Hua Wang. „Continuous Hesitant Fuzzy Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Decision Making under Interval-Valued Hesitant Fuzzy Setting“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Interval-valued hesitant fuzzy set (IVHFS), which is the further generalization of hesitant fuzzy set, can overcome the barrier that the precise membership degrees are sometimes hard to be specified and permit the membership degrees of an element to a set to have a few different interval values. To efficiently and effectively aggregate the interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information, in this paper, we investigate the continuous hesitant fuzzy aggregation operators with the aid of continuous OWA operator; the C-HFOWA operator and C-HFOWG operator are presented and their essential properties are studied in detail. Then, we extend the C-HFOW operators to aggregate multiple interval-valued hesitant fuzzy elements and then develop the weighted C-HFOW (WC-HFOWA and WC-HFOWG) operators, the ordered weighted C-HFOW (OWC-HFOWA and OWC-HFOWG) operators, and the synergetic weighted C-HFOWA (SWC-HFOWA and SWC-HFOWG) operators; some properties are also discussed to support them. Furthermore, a SWC-HFOW operators-based approach for multicriteria decision making problem is developed. Finally, a practical example involving the evaluation of service quality of high-tech enterprises is carried out and some comparative analyses are performed to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the developed approaches.
32
Liu, Han-wei. „Inside the Black Box: Political Economy of the Trans-Pacific Partnerships Encryption Clause“. Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 2 (01.04.2017): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Among other provisions of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement, a new clause on encryption technology (‘Encryption Clause’) is particularly noteworthy. By tracing the history of decades-long encryption control, this article underscores how this clause implicates international order. Modern encryption technology was conceived and developed during World Wars. Painted by such a war-time legacy, encryption has been treated as a ‘dual-use’ technology and has been subject to export control since the end of World War II via the Coordinating Committee for the Control of Multinational Trade (COCOM) and, later, the Wassenaar Arrangement. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Western bloc became divided on encryption policies. The US was most concerned with national security and once attempted to introduce the mandatory key escrow scheme to provide a level playing field for its high-tech industry. Resistance to the US’s hard line approach towards encryption at home and abroad led the nation to relax its export controls, thereby ending Crypto War 1.0. With the rise of emerging economies, however, Crypto War 2.0 is now resurfacing, and through the Encryption Clause, the US seeks to remove trade barriers that are hostile towards products employing foreign cryptography. Yet, underlying intellectual property right (IPR)(issues and the role of intelligence units in the formation of technical standards may once again move trade negotiations into the shadows.
33
Gryga, Vitalii, und Yuliia Ryzhkova. „Science and innovation in Ukraine: approaches to policy making in times of war“. Economy and forecasting 2022, Nr. 4 (25.01.2023): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The full-scale war started by Russia in Ukraine has caused many challenges to economic development, the overcoming of which is hard to be imagined without the research and innovation. Rebuilding R&I became another challenge for Ukrainian policymakers. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the R&I policy of Ukraine during the war caused by Russia and to develop policy recommendations for the postwar recovery. To achieve it, we used several methods, in particular expert opinion generalization, relevant scientific and policy literature analysis, and statistical analysis. The paper considers three approaches to innovation policy-making at crisis time: produce; procure; repurpose. Currently, Ukraine uses mainly the second one, by buying and receiving modern armament and equipment. Meanwhile, there were some innovative developments in Ukraine, which are not produced in sufficient quantities. After the war, Ukraine couldn’t buy armament due to fiscal constraints. Thus, in the short-run period, the government should reorient efforts toward repurposing of current developments. However, such an approach is not sustainable in the long-run period, when the development of a broader S&T base is required to create a solid base for further repurposing in emergency cases. The war caused massive damage to Ukrainian R&I potential, which by now is not fully measured and quantified. There are two types of damage: physical loss of research and innovation infrastructure (e.g. research facilities, and high-tech enterprises) and «brain drain», both of which should be the focus of R&I policymakers. Therefore, a set of policy measures is proposed to address the war-led challenges in R&I.
34
Levin, Orna. „Techno-poetics in micro-stories of the digital age: The case of Alex Epstein“. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 35, Nr. 2 (03.06.2019): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract In this study, I frame the concept of techno-poetics by analyzing Alex Epstein’s micro-stories and by examining the development of the micro-fiction genre throughout the world. Epstein is a contemporary Israeli author whose universal micro-stories have been translated into several languages (English, Spanish, French, and Russian). Epstein uses a dual language: given his career as a computer programmer in a high-tech company, the language of his thoughts is conveyed through the logic of technology, whereas, as an artist, he is loyal to the language of poetics. Is Epstein a “programmer” of micro-stories? Within the framework of this study, I analyze the dynamic relationship between the polar opposites of technology and poetics, as it is revealed in Epstein’s micro-stories, taking into account the genre’s characteristics as well as the unique features with which Epstein—as a contemporary author—imbues his works. More specifically, I analyze six categories that describe the relationship between digital technology and the world of art, a relationship that informs Epstein's micro-stories. Epstein's work was not created in a void; nevertheless, his micro-stories differ not only from the works of previous authors of the genre, but also from those of his contemporaries, whose work, likewise, deals with the tension between technology and poetics. A major difference is the methods of publication that Epstein uses, which form part of the techno-poetical process. In this sense, the themes, the conception of art, and the method of publication are all indications of a unique artistic phenomenon.
35
Jardine, Boris, und Matthew Drage. „The total archive: Data, subjectivity, universality“. History of the Human Sciences 31, Nr. 5 (Dezember 2018): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118820806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The complete system of knowledge is a standard trope of science fiction, a techno-utopian dream and an aesthetic ideal. It is Solomon’s House, the Encyclopaedia and the Museum. It is also an ideology – of Enlightenment, High Modernism and absolute governance. Far from ending the dream of a total archive, 20th-century positivist rationality brought it ever closer. From Paul Otlet’s ‘Mundaneum’ to Mass-Observation, from the Unity of Science movement to Wikipedia, the dream of universal knowledge dies hard. As a political tool, the total archive encompasses population statistics, gross domestic product, indices of the Standard of Living and the international ideology of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the free market and, most recently, Big Data. Questions of the total archive engage key issues in the philosophy of classification, the poetics of the universal, the ideology of surveillance and the technologies of information retrieval. What are the social structures and political dynamics required to sustain total archives, and what are the temporalities implied by such projects? This introduction and the articles that follow describe and place in historical context a series of concrete instances of totality. Our analysis is arranged according to four central themes: the relationship between the Archive (singular) and archives (plural); the image of the archive and the aesthetics of totality; pathologies of accumulation; and the specific historical trajectory of the total archive in the 19th and 20th centuries.
36
Markl, Erich, und Maximilian Lackner. „Devulcanization Technologies for Recycling of Tire-Derived Rubber: A Review“. Materials 13, Nr. 5 (10.03.2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In general, composite materials are difficult to recycle. Tires belong to this class of materials. On top, one of their main constitutents, vulcanized rubber, is as elastomer, which cannot be remolten and hence is particularly challenging to put to a new use. Today, the main end-of-life routes of tires and other rubber products are landfilling, incineration in e.g., cement plants, and grinding to a fine powder, generating huge quantities and indicating a lack of sustainable recycling of this valuable material. True feedstock recycling is not feasible for complex mixtures such as tires, but devulcanization can be done to reactivate the cross-linked polymer for material recycling in novel rubber products. Devulcanization, i.e., the breaking up of sulfur bonds by chemical, thermophysical, or biological means, is a promising route that has been investigated for more than 50 years. This review article presents an update on the state-of-the art in rubber devulcanization. The article addresses established devulcanization technologies and novel processes described in the scientific and patent literatures. On the one hand, tires have become high-tech products, where the simultaneous improvement of wet traction, rolling resistance, and abrasion resistance (the so-called “magic triangle”) is hard to achieve. On the other hand, recycling and sustainable end-of-life uses are becoming more and more important. It is expected that the public discussion of environmental impacts of thermoplastics will soon spill over to thermosets and elastomers. Therefore, the industry needs to develop and market solutions proactively. Every year, approximately 40 million tons of tires are discarded. Through the devulcanization of end-of-life tires (ELT), it is possible to produce new raw materials with good mechanical properties and a superior environmental footprint over virgin products. The devulcanization process has become an interesting technology that is able to support the circular economy concept.
37
Ren, Chunyan, Zhanguo Su, Yiping Su und Lu Wang. „Polyurethane Elastomer Layered Nanocomposite Material for Sports Grounds and the Preparation Method Thereof“. BioMed Research International 2022 (02.09.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5152911.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Polyurethane, as a rubber material, can relieve the load on the ground and provide seismic design for the venue, which is of great significance for sports venues. In order to improve the seismic resistance and abrasion resistance of materials for sports fields and reduce accidents in sports, this article has carried out research on the polyurethane elastomer layered nanocomposites for sports fields and their preparation. Today’s world is a challenging era of science and technology. The fields of biotechnology, information, medicine, energy, environment, and national defense and security are closely related to the development of high tech, and the requirements for materials are becoming increasingly diversified. Polymer nanocomposite coating has the dual characteristics of organic and inorganic components. It not only retains the advantages of a polymer but also endows it with versatility. It meets the current application needs. It is a hot spot in today’s research. Among them, there are two major problems in the composite process of nanomaterials and polymers: dispersion and compatibility. How to improve the dispersion of nanoparticles and enhance the compatibility between nanoparticles and polymers is an urgent problem to be solved. In the method part, this article introduces a small amount of polyurethane and polyurethane elastomers formed after polyurethane modification and introduces layered compounds and nanocomposites and introduces several models involved in nanomaterials in terms of algorithms. In the analysis part, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the hard segment mass fraction, mechanical properties, thermal decomposition behavior, degradation mechanism, and dynamic mechanical properties. With the increase of GO content, the tensile strength increases significantly and the elongation at break becomes smaller and smaller. When the GO content increases from 0% to 2%, the tensile properties of the WPU film increase from 2.6 MPa to 7.9 MPa and the fracture of the elongation decreased from 201.7% to 62.8%. This shows that the increase in GO content will make the composite material harder and brittle. It can be seen from the experimental results that the preparation of the polyurethane elastomer layered nanocomposite material designed in this paper has a good application effect on sports venues.
38
Filippov, Sergey. „Critical Attitudes among the Soviet Scientific and Academic Intelligentsia in the Historical and Socio-Cultural Context of 1960-1990s“. Ideas and Ideals 14, Nr. 2-1 (27.06.2022): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.2.1-68-85.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The article deals with investigating into the conditions of the critical attitude spread among scientists and academicians during the period of 1960s–1990s towards some aspects of domestic and foreign state policy of that time. At the same time, the motives for such a criticism seem not to be obvious, since the social status and well-being of the scientific and academic intelligentsia, as well as its public prestige, was one of the highest among the socio-professional groups of Soviet society. To perceive criticism of Soviet scientists as a form of struggle against the regime does not seem entirely correct, since the critically thinking Soviet scientists did not seek to popularize their socio-political ideas and attract supporters from other social groups. On the contrary, the discussion on “complex” political and socio-economic aspects of the Soviet society took place within closed communities. In addition, the Soviet scientific intelligentsia of that time, unlike the pre-revolutionary intellectuals, did not idealize people; they did not have a sense of “guilt” towards it, as well as the idea of selfless “serving the people”. Soviet scientists perceived themselves as an elite, even aristocratic group, and this idea found expression in the science-fiction novel “Hard to Be a God” by the Soviet writers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. The main character of the novel is the historian Anton, who was sent to the Arkanar Kingdom on an alien planet and assumed the role of an aristocrat named Don Rumata. He masterfully uses a sword, enjoys phenomenal success with women and contributes to the progress of local humanity. The Soviet intellectuals of that time constructed their own elite professional and social identity using the practices of prestigious consumption and behavior and pursuing specific socialization strategies that were alternative to the official Soviet norms and rules of behavior. The self-identification of scientists as an elite group within the Soviet society was based on the social conditions for the development of science in the USSR in the 1950s–1960s such as a high level of prestige of scientific and academic activities, high expectations from science as well as creating relatively autonomous scientific centers (“Academic Town” or ZATO (‘closed administrative-territorial formation’) – closed towns with secret research installations). Such settlements were quite independent from the local and regional authorities being subordinated directly to Moscow. Besides, secrecy of closed cities or facilities limited the possibilities of the direct control and interference from regional party and state authorities in the activities of scientific institutions and scientists.
39
Matts, Olga, und Nadiia Mameka. „Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Coupling in Hierarchical Nanoporous Gold-Polypyrrole-Water Hybrids“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 21 (22.12.2023): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02211311mtgabs.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Nanoporous (np) metals made by dealloying is a novel class of nanostructured materials that offers numerous functionalities, ranging from sensing, energy storage, to (electro-)catalysis and beyond. A substantial amount of research in np materials has been focused on np gold due to its excellent structural and chemical stability, adjustable pore size, high conductivity, biocompatibility, and easy fabrication process via free corrosion or electrochemical dealloying. A considerable number of studies have been conducted to investigate np gold infiltrated with an aqueous electrolyte [1]. In that way, the material is considered as a hybrid so that one can reversibly tune the gold surface state by manipulating the superficial charge densities or adsorbate coverages via the applied electric potential [1]. The above-mentioned approach results in a number of intriguing properties of np Au revealed upon electrode potential variation in aqueous electrolytes such as actuation [2, 3], sensing [4], tunable strength [5] and elastic modulus [6]. The behavior is well-studied in case of weak ion adsorption and surface oxidation. One of the promising methods towards further improvement of functional and mechanical properties of np metals was implemented by Roschning and Weissmueller [7]. It was shown that the actuation strain of np Au can be enhanced via electrodeposition of a conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) on the gold surfaces. The actuation strain of the np Au-PPy hybrids strongly scales with the PPy phase fraction. Moreover, Li et al. [8] observed variations of effective elastic modulus in np Au-PPy-water hybrids. Thus, introducing the conductive polymer into a pore space of the np metal yields a hybrid actuator with a significantly improved actuation amplitude and yield strength. Here, we employ PPy for surface functionalization of hierarchical (hc) np Au (Figure 1) to explore the impact of the conductive polymer coating on the functional behavior of the hierarchically structured np metals. Np metals with structural hierarchy made by dealloying [9] open up new opportunities for multifunctional hard-soft hybrids. The larger pores at the higher hierarchical level (characterized by diameters around 120 nm) can promote fast mass exchange, while nanopores at the lower hierarchy level (below 30 nm) provide a large surface area and high chemical activity. Actuation behavior of the hybrid materials was analyzed in situ in a dilatometer upon potential cycling in a 1 M HClO4 aqueous electrolyte. The elastic response was examined in situ in a dynamic mechanical analyzer in the same electrolyte. We revealed pronounced changes of the macroscopic length and Young’s modulus in response to the voltage-induced redox reactions of the polymer films at the np electrodes. In the contribution, we discuss the origin of the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling phenomena. [1] Shao et al., in Nanoporous Gold: From an ancient technology to a high-tech material. RSC (2012). [2] Kramer et al. Nano Lett., 4(5) 793 (2004). [3] Jin et al. Nano Lett., 10(1) 187 (2010). [4] Stenner et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 (28), 5174 (2016). [5] Jin et al., Science 332, 1179 (2011.) [6] Mameka et al., Acta Mater. 76, 272 (2014). [7] Roschning et al., Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2001415 (2020). [8] Li et al., Acta Mater., 212 (1), 116852 (2021). [9] Shi et al., Science 371, 1026 (2021). Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph of hierarchical nanoporous Au-PPy hybrid microstructure. Figure 1
40
El-Sayed, Mostafa A. „Preface“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.2000): vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20007201ii.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This issue of Pure Appl. Chem. is devoted to papers based upon invited lectures delivered at the first IUPAC-sponsored Workshop on Advanced Material, "WAM1: Nanostructured Systems", held at the Hong Kong University for Science and Technology (HKUST) on July 14-18, 1999.The Topic Why nanostructured material? Chemists contribute to the well-being of society by exploiting the properties of the elements of the periodic table, or various forms of combination of elements, to make materials that are useful for "better living through chemistry." What happens if we use all the possible combinations that can be made? There remain great demands for developing new materials to improve our lives in fields such as medicine, energy, improving the environment, communication and transportation. Thus, we have to think of new ways to make materials that can be expected to display properties appropriate to the technologies of the new Millennium! The difference in properties of different elements and their derived compounds is a result of differences in the type of motion that their electrons can execute. This, in turn, depends on the space available for the electronic motion and the degree of its confinement. Thus, the difference between a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator is attributable to the electrons being delocalized in the first, more confined in the second and highly confined in the last. Can we physically cut material size sufficiently to change its electronic degree of confinement and thus its properties? We do know that while copper metal is a conductor, the copper atom and small molecular clusters of copper atoms are insulators. What is the size of an elemental assembly of a metal (i.e. the number of atoms in it) at which the metal-semiconductor or the metal-insulator transition occurs? Of course it depends on the length scale of the property measured. For semiconductors and metals, a large change in properties, e.g. absorption, emission, and conductivity, occurs on the nanometer length scale. Equally important, the property becomes very sensitive to the size of the nanoparticle. It can thus be expected that many variations in these properties should be observed for the same material by simply changing its size. The potential for harnessing these changes of properties in new technological applications is largely responsible for the current appeal of this exciting field. These considerations, along with our personal research interests, convinced me and Professor Joshua Jortner that it would be opportune to adopt this theme for the first IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Material. The publication of the talks given at the Workshop is timely, given the extraordinary rapidity with which new developments are taking place in the field. This collection of papers complements other recent publications of reviews on the topic of nanostructures, since it is more in the nature of a symposium-in-print and offers an assembly of short overviews and research papers which capture the dynamic associated with research at interdisciplinary interfaces, and with the development of attendant synthetic and analytical techniques. The promise of unimagined properties of nanostructured materials and of new-generation applications is an ongoing stimulus for further research, and it is hoped that this publication will contribute to the process, and furnish practitioners with new insights and inspiration. This is truly a multidisciplinary and future-targeted area of scientific research, and one which fully meets the IUPAC vision of 'new directions in chemistry', with its promise of hitherto undefined vistas of opportunity for discovery and exploitation. The WorkshopThe quality of the scientific presentations at this meeting was very high indeed. The strong international representation is in keeping with the spirit of IUPAC as well as the global nature of scientific research. The idea of the meeting was to get scientists active in advanced material from the West to interact strongly with those from the Orient. In this regard, we have succeeded as we achieved representation from seven countries from each side [China (Mainland and Hong Kong), Japan, Korea, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan from the Orient, and Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Spain, United Kingdom, and USA from the West]. This great accomplishment of getting us all together in such a delightful atmosphere was the result of the wise sponsorship of IUPAC and the great efforts of many people, whom I would like to acknowledge below.Acknowledgements IUPAC: for its wisdom to sponsor workshops in frontier areas of chemical research. We thank the then-IUPAC President, Prof. Joshua Jortner for cochairing the Workshop. We also thank the IUPAC Secretariat, in particular its Executive Director, Dr. John Jost, for his continuous and prompt support and Dr. Fabienne Meyers for creating and editing our web page for the Workshop and for her essential assistance in the production of this special volume. HKUST: for hosting us. We thank Dr. Nai-Teng Yu of the Chemistry Department, whose willingness to help us by accommodating the Workshop in his Department was essential; Dr. Shihe Yang whose continuous hard work and efforts made it possible to follow up the registration process; the local organizers, in particular, Prof. Leroy Chang and Ping Sheng, who supplied us with the list of participants, the names of some invited speakers and the program of a similar meeting held there recently and the Departmental staff, for their help in getting the arrangements of this workshop finalized. Georgia Tech: Dr. Clemens Burda helped in getting the workshop abstracts and putting the workshop material together, Ms. Michele Papsidero, my own secretary, spent many hours of hard work in following the process, from completing the registration list, to reminding contributors to meet different deadlines including sending the abstracts, and finally in typing and collating the whole program for the Workshop. The assistance of the USA Organizing Committee and in particular, Profs. John Zhang and Rob Whetten at Georgia Tech, was extremely useful in finalizing the scientific program. The speakers: I thank both the plenary and invited speakers who accepted our invitation, most without asking for financial support. Without them, we would not have had such an excellent scientific meeting or this valuable volume of Pure Appl. Chem.I wish to thank Professor James Bull, the editor of this special issue, for his hard work in making sure he received the manuscripts in time, for the review process of these manuscripts and for putting the whole volume together. Mostafa A. El-SayedChairman, Organizing CommitteeJulius Brown Professor School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology
41
Haigh, Susan. „Children’s input is vital to creating an online library that meets children’s information needs“. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, Nr. 1 (15.03.2006): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A review of
Druin, Allison. “What Children Can Teach Us: Developing Digital Libraries for Children with Children.” The Library Quarterly 75.1 (January 2005): 20-41.
Objective – Through use of an interdisciplinary research team that included children, the study aimed to demonstrate that including children in the design of a digital library for children would result in some new approaches that would improve the site’s usability for the target user group.
Design – Case study.
Setting – The research was conducted at University of Maryland over a four-year period and involved an interdisciplinary research team of adult researchers from information studies, computer science, education, art, and psychology as well as seven children aged 7-11.
Subjects – Seven children participated in the design team over two years; 153 children were observed and interviewed in the design phase; and the resulting new approaches were validated post-launch by analysis of International Children’s Digital Library (ICDL) (http://www.icdlbooks.org) users and usage patterns from November 2002-November 2003 (over 90,000 unique users and 19,000 optional questionnaire respondents).
Method – The study included seven children in the design team for a digital library of international children’s books, which resulted in new approaches to collection development, cataloguing, and the search interface. In the design phase, research methods involving the seven children included brainstorming techniques, “cooperative inquiry”, low-tech prototyping; and lab use studies. The team also undertook observation and interviews of 153 children engaged in searching and selecting books from public library catalogues. In validating the new approaches that resulted from the design research, the team employed web log analysis, a voluntary online survey, and working with children in local schools to understand their use of ICDL.
Main results – The inclusion of children’s viewpoints in the design stage of the ICDL had an impact in three areas: collection development, metadata, and interface design.
For collection development, the research showed that kids were interested in books about children from other cultures and other times in history; in animals, both real and make-believe; in books that are sensitive to other cultures; and in books that are in good condition. For metadata, the research showed that children do not distinguish ‘fiction’ and ‘non-fiction’; look for ‘scary stuff’ or ‘gross stuff’; are often seeking books that make them feel a certain way; care about the look of book covers and may recall books by jacket colours; and use free vocabulary like ‘princesses’ and ‘jokes’. For interface design, the children’s involvement led to more search options (utilizing the new categories of metadata that were created), and customization options such as ability to choose different forms and colour palettes for book readers (e.g. the comic book reader, the spiral book reader).
Web log and survey data, as well as lab tests, showed that the innovations resulting from the children’s design input were used. Of the over 90,000 unique users who visited the site in its first year, “genre” and “color” were statistically the fourth and fifth most popular search categories. In lab tests, girls used “color” twice as often as boys, and older boys preferred “genre” while younger children did not pay attention to that category.
Conclusions – A first conclusion is that children’s input is vital to creating an online library that meets children’s information needs, tendencies and preferences. Also, seven design principles emerged:
1. Children’s input is invaluable and they should be involved in the design of their libraries.
2. Digital collections for children should consider works both contemporary and historical, and in different languages and representative of different cultures.
3. A variety of search interfaces are needed and it is particularly important to express categories with visual icons.
4. Additional metadata can be needed to reflect children’s views of relevant search criteria.
5. Interfaces should be customizable, such as providing various formats of reader that could themselves be customized in colour.
6. Tools should be suitable for use from the home and for collaborative use, such as use by a parent with a child.
7. Innovation requiring high bandwidth must be balanced with a low bandwidth version to assure broadest possible use.
Lastly, the researchers concluded that more research is merited to assess the broader impact of digital libraries on children as searchers and readers.
42
Larson, Erik J. „The Myth of Artificial Intelligence: Why Computers Can't Think the Way We Do“. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2021): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf12-21larson.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
THE MYTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Why Computers Can't Think the Way We Do by Erik J. Larson. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2021. 312 pages. Hardcover; $29.95. ISBN: 9780674983519. *The Myth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a technical and philosophical introduction to AI with an emphasis on AI's limitations. Larson, a computer scientist and tech entrepreneur, keeps his central claim modest: true general AI is neither inevitable nor imminent, and if it is possible, it will require fundamentally new approaches. It is an easy read, combining references to fiction, history, and science. It lays out a bird's eye view of the origins and ideas behind current AI methods, focusing on general AI, a category of AI that would need to learn and engage with a wide variety of problems. *Separated into three parts, The Myth of AI begins with the history and algorithmic logic of AI, largely through the lens of the Turing test. Larson argues that we are not near the singularity (superintelligent computers able to create ever more intelligent machines) and that, in fact, the basic premise of the singularity is flawed. *The second part discusses inference. AI falls short of human intelligence because it can work with hard rules, but cannot make the guesses necessary to formulate new ones or handle uncertain rules. In attempts at the Turing test, AI can throw data at the problem but will always lack understanding. Achieving the understanding necessary for true intelligence will require an approach fundamentally different from recent advances made in AI, which are only effective for narrow AI (a category of AI for solving specialized problems) and not general AI. *The final, and relatively brief, part examines AI in science. According to Larson's assessment, new scientific research relies heavily on newly available computation power and big data in order to use narrow AI to its full extent. Larson claims that this approach will hinder development of new theories. He also claims that this leads to treating scientists as if they were computers as well, which causes overvaluing the system of science above people. He criticizes "swarm science," which he describes as a large group of scientists approaching one problem with a variety of projects, emphasizing this collaboration over the individuals. Instead, he claims, we need our culture to continue to emphasize individual discovery and intelligence, as it is the key to innovation. *Through the discussions of the history, philosophy, and logic of AI in the first two parts of the book, Larson disentangles the hype of AI from what is actually possible with current technology. Even as he sheds light on the gap between the singularity prediction and what machine learning is truly capable of, he emphasizes the significance of the myth. "The myth is an emotional lighthouse by which we navigate the AI topic" (p. 76). The stories we tell through predictions and science fiction define AI in the public eye and set the goals for AI research. *Our underlying philosophy matters as much as the current state of AI research, when we consider the social role of AI and what we predict for our future. In the development of AI, we must define intelligence and explore what it means to be human. While this is not a book with overtly religious claims, it does acknowledge the spiritual claims inherent in discussions of personhood. It also frames technoscience as replacing philosophy and religion and as the oversimplified understanding of humanity and the precursor to expectations of the singularity. *Beyond the stated goal of disenchanting the reader of the inevitability of AI, the book highlights the significance of stories to both society and science and emphasizes the importance of understanding for both humans and AI. We need to understand not only the technical aspects of the technology we build but also the philosophy that defines our goals. *While I found the first two sections of the book to be an engaging and accurate discussion of the tension between the science and hopes of AI, I had concerns about the warnings of "swarm science" in the third. Larson is placing a strong emphasis on individual genius in science; however, science has never been a truly independent endeavor. Many times in history, from evolution to DNA, multiple teams of scientists independently made the same discoveries at nearly the same time, based on previously published work. Though these discoveries were not inevitable, they built upon other research and relied on collaboration at least as much as individual genius. Larson focuses on a particular neuroscience project and makes some valid criticisms, but then he generalizes his observations to all of science in ways that I do not believe to be accurate. His argument that all of science is moving away from theory toward shallow observations is not as obvious as he claims, nor is it supported by the evidence offered in the book. *As a counterexample, the research that resulted in the COVID-19 vaccine could be considered "swarm science" and was effective. Large amounts of funding were very suddenly directed to many scientists for one goal: understand and prevent the coronavirus. Due to both new funding and established research, we developed and approved multiple vaccines in one year. I was not convinced of several of Larson's generalizations in this third section. Tension between celebrating collaboration and individual genius will persist. However, it appears that there is more collaboration in science today. This is likely due to a variety of reasons, including a scientific community connected by the internet and more contributors receiving appropriate credit for their work. *The Myth of AI is a broad view of AI that should prove valuable and comprehensible to readers with or without a technical background. The first two sections offer a clear explanation and history of AI, and the third offers food for thought on how the process of science has been shaped by advances in AI and computer technology. The first sections would be a good introduction to someone not familiar with AI or looking to think about the philosophy of AI and I would recommend the book for these sections. *While the book avoids religious claims, the philosophical discussions of what it means to "understand" and the level of trust we place in AI are essential questions for Christians working in technology-related disciplines. The Myth of AI presents a jumping-off point for much deeper reflection about using AI responsibly and what it means to be human. *Reviewed by Elizabeth Koning, graduate student in the Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
43
Brewer, Elizabeth, und Michael Monahan. „Introduction“. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 20, Nr. 1 (15.03.2011): xiii—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v20i1.285.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cities have been magnets for a wide diversity of talent and have captured the human imagination as centers of intellectual and cultural achievement since humans began to live together. To learn from the city means to engage with its assets and riches, but also with its pressing problems, contradictions, and paradoxes. It also means to reflect upon urban settings as places where civilizations often meet and define themselves, and where populations and infrastructure change over time, sometimes slowly, but in other cases, rapidly.
Precisely because they are multi-layered, multi-dimensional, complex and challenging, cities offer rich opportunities for study abroad students to learn, no matter their disciplinary interests. The environmental issues and public health concerns manifested in cities, for example, offer many opportunities for disciplinary and interdisciplinary inquiry in the sciences, social sciences, as well as in the humanities, if to a lesser degree. The social fabric of cities, as well as their social inequities and other problems, can appeal to students in the social sciences, while the many varieties of cultural expression, both “high” and “low”, found it cities invite both exploration and creation. Cities’ many layers of history, their locations in particular geographical locales, their changing infrastructure and transitions in population, all can teach students to ask about how places (urban and non-urban) came to be what they are today, and how they might be in the future. Investigations of the city also allow students to think about who they are in relationship to others, what their relationship is to places, and which roles they will play in determining the future of the cities and other places they will call home in the future. In short, the cities where students study abroad can serve as laboratories for learning, rather than simply temporary residences or arenas for taking pleasure. The contributors to this volume are doing just this kind of work: asking how and why cities are appropriate venues for study abroad, and experimenting with ways to allow cities to become arenas for learning.
The role of cities as sites for learning is not, of course, new. It was in Classical Athens (480–336 BCC), for example, that Western conceptions of philosophy, history, drama, and education emerged. Without the city, it would be hard to imagine the intellectual development and the enduring educational legacy of Socrates (e.g.dialectical reasoning, learning through persistent questioning and analysis, intellectual self-discipline, autonomous thinking, self-examination, self-criticism, high standards of moral conduct, intellectual honesty, and life-long learning). Cities in the Middle Ages (400–1400) hosted universities, where learning was considered sacred, not merely practical. Thus, Timbuktu became a vibrant center of learning, with libraries that rivaled anything in Christian Europe and the highest literacy rate in Africa. A quantum leap in cultural evolution, commercial vitality, technical innovation and new consciousness of humans at the center of the action took place over a two hundred year period beginning around 1450. This would have been unthinkable without great Renaissance cities such as Florence and Venice. Indeed, for the nature of learning, arguably the farthest-reaching long-term consequence of the Renaissance was the development of the scientific method, a truly intellectual and conceptual revolution that made human beings think differently about the world and themselves. Similarly, many of the great intellectual and practical breakthroughs of the Scientific Revolution (1500–1700) are nearly unthinkable without the city. Emerging from the intellectual cauldron of the city were, among others, the great minds of Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Newton, Descartes, Galileo, and Bacon. The goal of education, if we follow Bacon, is knowledge in the service of improving the human condition. This continues to this day to be a goal of many study abroad students. Finally, the intellectual achievements that characterize the Enlightenment (1700–1800): secularism, cosmopolitanism, skepticism, security for the individual through the rule of law, personal freedom and autonomy, deep respect for human dignity, and intellectual and scientific inquiry are based in the interactions with others that are essential components of urban life.
The articles in this volume offer their own contemporary examples of study abroad and the city, considered through an impressive range of approaches.The articles provide a balance between different theoretical and pedagogical approaches to the topic.
Theoretical perspectives on the cities are central to a number of discussions in the volume. Lance Kenny, in “First City, Anti-City: Cain, Heterotopia, and Study Abroad,” argues that the time has come to underpin the practice of study abroad with theoretical perspectives. As an example, he suggests that the work of theorists such as Foucault (heterotopias) and Virilio (the anti-city) can provide study abroad students with the analytical tools to “know” the city. Rodriguez and Rink use Walter Benjamin’s notion of the flâneur to incorporate technology as a way for students to engage with the city. Benjamin’s writing on the flâneur is also introduced to students studying abroad in Athens by Augeri et al., who also draw on Dubord’s derive and psychogeography to provide students with frameworks for understanding urban realities and their reactions to them. Augeri et al. turn to de Certeau’s work on walking as rhetorical practice, while Patrick McGuire and James Spates demonstrate how the urban sociologist Jane Jacobs’ work helps students understand cities as shaped by culture and the residents who live in them.
To discuss the impacts of globalization on cities, Gristwood and Woolf draw on theoretical writings about the city (Raban), fiction and poetry (Kurieshi, Brecht, Eliot, Ackroyd, Zephaniah), writers writing about writing (Sandhu and Upstone, for example), perspectives from geography (Halbert and Rutherford, Massey, Wills et al.) and sociology (Castells, Jacobs, Sassen), and government statistics. Milla Cozart Riggio, Lisa Sapolis, and Xianming Chen also look at how globalization is transforming cities and discuss how their home city, Hartford, is used as the starting point for students’ engagement with cities and globalization.
Other articles focus on pedagogical approaches to assisting American students abroad engage with their study abroad cities. Scott Blair points out that American students frequently have never learned to read a map, and delineates how mapping can be employed as a tool for analysis, as well as for fostering intercultural learning and tolerance for diversity and.engaged experiential learning. Mieka Ritsema, Barbara Knecht, and Kenneth Kruckemeyer also point to mapping as a useful tool for engaging students with cities encountered during study abroad. Thomas Ricks offers strategies for understanding Jerusalem’s multi-layered history through its contemporary reality. Evidence for the power of experiential learning in study abroad cities is offered by Thomas Wagenknecht. Wagenknecht’s interviews with educators in Germany, however, find that experiential learning has not yet earned the status of “academic” learning, and calls for more evidence about its outcomes.
Finally, two articles discuss the impact of engaging home-campus faculty themselves as learners in cities abroad. Anne Ellen Geller, discussing a faculty writing institute, shows how engagement with daily life in contemporary Rome helps faculty understand and value the study abroad experience. Elizabeth Brewer discusses Beloit College’s faculty members’ experimentation with mapping, walking, and ethnographic research methods, including participant-observation.
It has been humbling and enriching to read the rich work being undertaken on the city and study abroad and to work with the authors who contributed to this volume. It is hoped that the examples and discussions offered in this volume not only will be productive in themselves for readers, but also will generate new discussion, ideas, and practices.
Elizabeth Brewer
Beloit College
Michael Monahan
Macalester College
Brethren Colleges Abroad
44
Lavanya S. „Clothing Comfort- Physiological Status and Psychological Status“. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, Nr. 9S (12.10.2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The primary need of people to dress has changed as time passed, because different high-tech fibers, yarns, fabrics, finishing applications, trends and society influences have completely changed. Welfare and comfort properties have become decisive components to make a product appreciated and successful. This paper presents the detailed explanation of clothing comfort, its subgroups and also the Physiological status and psychological status of the people. Clothing also known as clothes, apparel and attire is items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin layers of materials put together. The wearing of comfort clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. Comfort or being comfortable is a sense of physical or psychological ease, often characterized as a lack of hardship. Persons who are lacking in comfort are uncomfortable, or experiencing discomfort. A degree of psychological comfort can be achieved by recreating experiences that are associated with pleasant. Persons who are surrounded with things that provide psychological comfort may be described as being "in their comfort zone". Because of the personal nature of positive associations, psychological comfort is highly subjective. As the year goes the word comfort is been used in all areas such as food, work, people and clothing. Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation. The human body will release excess heat into the environment, so the body can continue to operate. The heat transfer is proportional to temperature difference. Maintaining this standard of thermal comfort for occupants is one of the important goals of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) design engineers. And in designing of clothes is the most important goal of a fashion designer. There are six primary factors that directly affect thermal comfort that can be grouped in two categories: personal factors - because they are characteristics of the occupants - and environmental factors - which are conditions of the thermal environment. The former are metabolic rate and clothing level, the latter are air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air speed and humidity. Even if all these factors may vary with time, standards usually refer to a steady state to study thermal comfort, just allowing limited temperature variations. The study was conducted to know the responses about comfort clothing in Physiological status and psychological status acceptance. Since there are large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, it is hard to find an optimal temperature for everyone in a ABSTRACT 62 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology given space. Survey is been collected to define conditions that will be found comfortable for a specified percentage of occupants, being comfortable is a sense of physical or psychological factors. Understanding clothing comfort, Need and consumer trends basic and universal need of consumers in clothing is comfort and they look for good feel and comfort when they buy clothing and other textile materials. Clothing is very important in our life that we use every day to obtain physiological and psychological comfort and also to ensure physical conditions around our body suitable for survival. Therefore, it is extremely important for the survival of human beings and improvement of the quality of our life to have good understanding of the fundamentals of clothing comfort. From the viewpoint of the manufacturers of clothing and textile materials, understanding of clothing comfort has substantial financial implications in the effort to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantages in modern consumer markets. Consumer always expects some additional functional qualities from the clothes they purchase. Clothing is manufactured in a wide range of thermal, tactile and physical properties to meet consumer needs. Depending on the nee. and expectations of the consumer's, the clothing and textile manufacturers provide wide range of options to enhance human comfort. For example, clothing made from blends and natural fibres are preferred to man-made fibres for all comfort attributes except smoothness or woven fabric are preferred to knits for smoothness, thickness and openness. To understand the basics of clothing comfort, sensory tools as well as the equipment’s to evaluate the comfort related characteristics of textile materials have been developed. Large number of studies has been carried out and many equipment are developed in the textile and clothing area such as mechanical, thermal and surface testing, so as to evaluate the related physical properties, but the body between measurement and the consumer feeling of comfort are still difficult to establish. Consumers want everything from the clothing, i.e. it should look good, feel good, perform well, said like their clothing to match with their chosen attitudes, roles and images. Consumers are now allowing touch, smell, intuition, and emotion to influence their decision on clothing selection more than their aesthetic sense. Asa result, great importance is being attributed to the wearing experience and thus comfort is being reinforced as a key parameter in clothing. It is also true that requirements of consumers on comfort changes with products and situations. Clearly, understanding and satisfying the needs of consumer towards clothing products are crucial for the long-term survival and growth of clothing and textile demand. Understanding and enhancement of clothing comfort is definitely one of the important issues.
45
Huang, Mingfen, und Lingling Xiang. „A Comparative Analysis of “Rural Science Fiction”, a New Chinese Film Genre“. Journal of Chinese Film Studies, 21.04.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2022-0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract “Rural Science Fiction” (RSF) is a new category of science fiction comedy film, which has recently emerged in China. In RSF, modern farmers are presented as the protagonist, and alien visitors as the other. In the context of changing rural environments, two opposing views are expressed, which leads to a unique comedy: on the one hand, the vision of longing inspired by the trends of commercialization, industrialization, and urbanization; and on the other hand, the worthlessness of these trends. In RSF, thoughts concerning the prospect of technology, the future of human beings, and the interstellar interactions are mainly carried out from the perspective of country folks, whose wisdom is shown through indigenous methods that are adapted to local conditions. As a result, the “low-tech” earthmen typically defeat the “high-tech” aliens.
46
Bolgurova, Rossitsa. „“Work Hard, Play Hard”: The Moral Economy of Company Celebrations in Post-Socialist Bulgaria“. East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures, 01.12.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08883254231165628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article explores shifts in workplace festivities in Bulgaria as part of the transition from socialism to post-socialism and analyses how work celebrations are used to express and uphold the moral economies informing them. During the socialist period, labour was glorified and work celebrations were a key instrument in the ideological and cultural engineering efforts of the state. Since the 1990s, private business owners have been reinterpreting and (re-)inventing festive traditions to stage their identities and moral orientations in discursive and performative ways. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observation in industrial production and high-tech companies in 2017–2019, I argue that highly mediated company celebrations are, in the wake of promotional cultures, an opportunity for employers to brand themselves as “good.” Such events also model the expectations of a “good employee,” for example, to be competitive not only regarding one’s work but also in having fun, as part of work, which is a reflection of the general insistence on happiness in the neoliberal workplace.
47
Butt, Amy. „‘It was quiet’: the radical architectures of understatement in feminist science fiction“. cultural geographies, 14.10.2022, 147447402211269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14744740221126986.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
“Poisonless:a bare city, bright, the colours light and hard, the air pure. It was quiet.” The Dispossessed, Ursula K. Le Guin (1974) This is how Ursula K. Le Guin describes the city of Abbenay in The Dispossessed. It is modest and unassuming. It is quiet. This architectural restraint is jarringly at odds with predominant portrayals of the science fiction city. As noted by Graham (2016) and Hurley (2008) the future city has become synonymous with rapid vertical urbanisation, closing off alternative urban visions and the possible futures they contain. While there is a growing call for the study of sf by scholars in the spatial disciplines such as Abbott (2016), Collie (2011), Hewitt and Graham (2015) and Kitchin and Kneale (2002), the unassuming, everyday spaces of feminist sf are often lost in the shadows cast by the dystopian high rise. As Le Guin argues, these passive and participatory utopias become visible only when we ‘adjust to a dimmer light’ (1989). In response, this paper lingers in shared spaces of sf which are possible examples of what Washida Imarisha terms ‘visionary fiction’ which is sf that ‘has a relevance towards building new, freer worlds’ (2015: 4) including; N.K. Jemisin’s Broken Earth trilogy (2015–2017), Sally Miller Gearhart’s The Wanderground (1979) and Marge Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time (1976). By imaginatively inhabiting the utopian enclaves within these feminist texts it is possible to explore geographies of alterity – to adjust to the dim light and learn to cherish the quiet.
48
Verhoeven, Marcel. „Ursula Ganz-Blättler. “Signs of time: Cumulative narrative in broadcast television fiction”“. Studies in Communication Sciences 20, Nr. 2 (18.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24434/j.scoms.2020.02.009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
TV series are one of the very few ‘traditional’ media formats that continue to thrive in the current media landscape. In Europe, the format of TV series (i.e. serial audio-visual fictional narratives) has been surging for some time in terms of numbers of suppliers and consumers, as well as in shares of distributors’ offerings and consumers’ media use. Homegrown high-end original productions have become ‘calling cards’ for suppliers active in the European market(s). Subscription-based, pay-per-view, and advertising-based networks, as well as public service suppliers order and finance serial fiction. International players like Netflix, HBO, Sky, and Amazon invest in original (co-) productions in many countries. From a media economic perspective, the market entry of more and more ‘big tech’ and conglomerate players into the production and distribution of TV series is another indicator of the importance of the product TV series. The success of the format warrants extensive investigation. Nevertheless, compared to, e.g., cinema, ‘new’ media, and political communication, the attention of scholars in communication/media science and other disciplines still seems surprisingly modest, particularly in Europe. Some noteworthy European works on fictional TV series are Schlütz (2016), Redvall (2013), Gormász (2015), and the scientific journal Series – International Journal of TV Serial Narratives (series.unibo.it). Ursula Ganz’s work Signs of Time was accepted as a habilitation thesis in 2009, and an adapted form was published in 2018. The thesis thus represents somewhat of a European premiere in discussing in great detail and depth what the term ‘(audiovisual) cumulative narrative’ entails and how the central feature of accumulation impacts the analysis of narrative as communication and reflective stance.
49
Moehle, Christopher, und Jessica Gibson. „Augmenting Healthcare with Human-Centered Technologies“. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 25, Nr. 4 (11.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5912/jcb953.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
“Robotics”, “Artificial Intelligence”, and “Machine Learning” have become an almost impossibly broad amalgam of terminologies that span across industries to include everything from the cotton gin to self-driving cars, and touch a broad range of biotechnology and med tech applications. We address the spread of these transformative technologies across every interpretation of the analogy, including the spectrum ranging from practical, highly economic products to inventive science fiction with speculative business cases. In this two-part article, we first briefly overview the high-level commonalities between historically successful products and the economic factors driving adoption of these intelligent technologies in our current economy. In doing so, we focus heavily on “Augmentation” as a central theme of the best products historically, now, and in the near future. In the second part of the article, we further illustrate how “Augmented Intelligence” can be applied to biotech. This is done through a mini-case study, or a detailed practicum, on Ariel Precision Medicine, to illustrate how “Augmented Intelligence” can be applied to precision medicine currently.
50
„Beyond the Community: On the Book "Good Economics for Hard Times" by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo“. Economic Policy 16, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2021-1-124-133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The review is devoted to the book by 2019 Nobel laureates in Economics Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee, published in Russian by the Gaidar Institute Publishing House in 2021. Building upon the crisis of confidence in economists, the authors in the microeconomic plane reflect upon a set of effective tools for combating poverty in economic science. The book focuses on the following topics: trust, migration, trade, economic growth, technological progress, the role of the state in the economy, and basic income. Duflo and Banerjee consider real situations within the framework of these topics, using the method of natural experiments, in order to show the inconsistency and lack of fundamental basis in numerous stereotypes of economic policy. Technological progress is useful for high-tech industries in terms of creating jobs and saving public funds, but for the rest of the labor market it may destroy jobs and lead to increasing social insecurity of citizens with low incomes. It is the consideration of the program theses of economic science on trust, migration, trade, technological progress and welfare from the perspective of socially vulnerable population segments that determines the uniqueness of the study. Since the work touches on disparate areas, it also has a number of drawbacks, which are mentioned in the review. In particular, the idea of a natural experiment is not followed by a political economy generalization, which is a disadvantage of the work.