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1
Engur, Ozge. „Spaces Of Communication In High-rise Residential Buildings“. Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615651/index.pdf.
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The aim of thesis is to evaluate criticisms directed to high-rise buildings which have firstly used for residential purposes with modernism in terms of their hindering social contact, and to explain in what kind of spaces the residents of high-rise building sustain their social and environmental contacts. This form was aimed to be used as the building type of high-rise, low density urban form in CIAM meeting for decreasing health problems created by industrialization on individuals. In contrast, Team 10 criticized high-rise residential buildings by propounding disposal of street and not gathering people by using green areas. They propounded the urban element which is low-rise spreading in horizontal as the form of increment of social connection.
In this study, principally diversified existence of social and environmental communication space are advocated in every urban environment depending on distinctive spatial organizations. Matrix study was made depending on height, density and coverage as three inputs of residential types, and the idea defended was tried to be proven. Communication spaces in high-rise residential buildings were analyzed in urban design and architecture scales. For this purpose, urban design scaled study was analyzed in the frame of territoriality which is related to the main topic of the thesis as residential area, and public and private space continuity types came into prominence. Architecture spaces constituting social and environmental contiguity spaces in high-rise residences were discussed in the frame of contemporary buildings and utopias. The explanation of diversified connection spaces in high-rise residential blocks will be hold.
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Aydoğan, Ahu Şengel Deniz. „Residential satisfaction in high-rise buildings applied surveys in Mavişehir project/“. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000424.pdf.
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Yatim, Yahya Mohamad. „Fire safety models for high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2281.
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This research investigated the effects of escape route design and specification, and time taken on evacuation process in high-rise residential buildings in Malaysia. The aim is to produce a fire safety model on how fire safety standards in high-rise residential buildings can be achieved by investigating the relationship between human behaviour and structural design, particularly escape route design and specification. In Malaysia, research on fire safety is very new, particularly research on provision of fire safety in high-rise residential buildings. The number of fire cases involved residential buildings is significantly high compared to other building types. Thus, escape routes in high-rise residential buildings should be designed and constructed to enable the occupants to evacuate the building as soon as fire has been detected. Mixed methodologies i.e. quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in this research. There are three research methods adopted i.e. observation, simulation and questionnaire. Observations were carried out to identify any problems encountered and to develop the study models for further analysis. Investigations of the effects of escape route design and specification on evacuation process were carried out using specialist software, i.e. Simulex, which simulates the evacuation of people from the building. The aim is to study escape route specifications i.e. staircase, fire door and corridor. Questionnaire surveys were than carried out to investigate the occupant’s characteristics, behaviours, perceptions and motivation factors to evacuate the building. From this research, fire safety models proposed for high-rise residential buildings as follows, (1) Fire safety model to achieve fire safety standard in high-rise residential buildings, (2) Escape route designs and specifications, and, (3) Human behaviour model. There are five fire safety components that need to be enhanced i.e. (1) Fire Safety Awareness, (2) Fire Safety Design, (3) Fire Safety Equipments and Evacuation Skill, (4) Fire Safety Audit, and (5) Fire Safety Enforcement. Besides, there are four factors which highly influence the evacuation process, fire and casualty risk i.e.: (1) People behaviour – knowledge and experience, (2) building element and escape routes design, (3) active fire protection system, and (4) legislation and enforcement.
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Ahmad, Sabarinah Sh. „A study on thermal comfort and energy performance of urban multistorey residential buildings in Malaysia /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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5
Lau, Chi-yung Joseph. „Evaluation of the estate management of private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533610.
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6
Lau, Ka-chi. „Assessing the problems of implementing major improvement works in aging private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969148.
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Cheung, Hiu Dan. „Daylighting performance assessment methods for high-rise residential buildings in a dense urban environment“. access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3227493.
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8
Hasselrot, Rasmus. „Investigation and evaluation of high-rise buildings in IDA ICE : A comparative study of energy efficient residential high-rise buildings in different climates“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103874.
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This thesis is part of the major EU project EE-Highrise. The main objective of the EU project is to investigate high-rise buildings in different climates considering energy use, sustainability and cultural and economic differences in different countries. A demo high-rise building has been built in the capital of Slovenia. The purpose of this thesis was to build a model of the demo building in the simulation program IDA Indoor Climate and Environment. The model’s energy performance was then to be simulated in three different regions: Scandinavia, Central Europe and in the Mediterranean. Improvements to the climate shell and the ventilation system were to be examined and the results were then to be compared to European and Swedish Passive House certification schemes. A model was built in the simulation program IDA Indoor Climate and Environment according to the provided drawings of the demo building in Slovenia. Most of the building’s parameters were provided by the project group in Slovenia. When specific parameters were missing or difficult to motivate, standardized values were assumed. The model was modified into five cases: the base case, increased insulation of the external walls, improved glazing and frames for the windows, increased effective heat recovery efficiency and a combination of the energy saving measures. The model’s energy performance was then simulated at five different locations: Naples in Italy, Ljubljana in Slovenia, Malmo in southern Sweden, Karlstad in the middle of Sweden and Kiruna in the northern Sweden. When comparing the results to the requirements for the European Passive House certification, none of the investigated cases met the requirements due to a too large primary energy demand. However, if the requirement regarding the primary energy demand were to be disregarded, then the building in Slovenia would pass the requirements with an increased effective heat recovery efficiency for the ventilation system. Also the building in southern Sweden would pass the requirements with a combination of increased insulation for the external walls, improved windows and increased effective heat recovery efficiency. The Swedish Passive House certification would be fulfilled for the models in Malmo and Karlstad with an increased effective heat recovery efficiency, while the model in Kiruna did not pass the requirements. However, with a combination of the energy saving measures the model in Kiruna came very close to meeting the requirements. The conclusion was that an increased effective heat recovery efficiency had the largest impact on the building’s space heating demand and that improving the windows increased the cooling demand in Naples by a large amount.
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Liu, Peng. „Reestablishing identity of individual homes in high-rise residential towers“. Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217401.
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High-rise residential tower is an inevitable and prevalent building type in high-density areas such as China. Because of the large population such buildings accommodate, improving the quality of people's lives in these towers has significant meaning. One of the important problems in such environments is the loss of identity of individual homes. This occurs because living spaces cannot fit individual families' unique and changing physical and spiritual needs. People can identify their lives and express their individual values in their homes in only the most meager ways. Consequently, people and their communities suffer deeply for the loss of identity of individual homes.The first focus of this thesis is to bring the question of individual control into light with the issue of identity of individual homes. Identity of any built environment results from the interplay of both shared values and individual values. In an identifiable and accommodating environment, both value sets should be in balance, over time. In high-rise residential towers, individual values are hardly presented because of the lack of individual control. So the radical way to establish identity of individual homes is to enable individual control in the building process.The second focus of this thesis is a study in architectural design of the distribution of control in such high-rise environments. Two kinds of individual controls are assumed and distributed: the control of the dwelling layouts and the control of dwelling unit facades. To enable these tow configurations of parts to be subject to individual control, propositions for setting up a new balance between centrally controlled parts and individually controlled parts in high-rise residential towers are put forward.To demonstrate these propositions, a specific high-rise residential tower in Beijing is redesigned to the solution of technical problems, regulatory issues and conventions when control is distributed. Individual control of both the dwelling layouts and the facades are simulated in a methodical way.Finally, notes about supportive products and management techniques, broader developments in other types of high-rise buildings, and the cultivation of shared values out of individual values are offered.Department of Architecture
10
Fu, Yu. „Investigation of solar assisted heat pump system integrated with high-rise residential buildings“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14582/.
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The wide uses of solar energy technology (solar thermal collector, photovoltaic and heat pump systems) have been known for centuries. These technologies are intended to supply domestic hot water and electricity. However, these technologies still face some barriers along with fast development. In this regards, the hybrid energy system combines two or more alternative technologies to help to increase the total efficiency of the system. Solar assisted heat pump systems (SAHP) and photovoltaic/thermal collector heat pump systems (PV/T-HP) are hybrid systems that convert solar radiation to thermal energy and electricity, respectively. Furthermore, they absorb heat first, and then release heat in the condenser for domestic heating and cooling. The research initially investigates the thermal performance of novel solar collector panels. The experimental results indicate an average daily efficiency ranging from 0.75 to 0.96 with an average of 0.83. Compared with other types of solar collectors, the average daily efficiency of novel solar thermal collectors is the highest. The research work further focuses on the integrated system which combines solar collector and air source heat pump (ASHP). The individual components, configurations and layout of the system are illustrated. Theoretical analysis is conducted to investigate thermodynamic cycle and heat transfer contained in the hybrid system. Laboratory tests are used to gauge the thermal performance of the novel SAHP. A comparison is made between the modelling and testing results, and the reasons for error formation are analysed. The research then considers the specially designed PV/T collector that employs the refrigerant R134a for cooling of PV modules and utilizes the glass vacuum tubes for reducing the heat loss to the ambient air. The PV/T collector consists of 6 glass vacuum tube-PV module-aluminium sheet-copper tube (GPAC) sandwiches which are connected in series. The theoretical analysis and experimental tests all give the satisfactory results of up to 2.9% improvement of electrical efficiency compared with those without cooling. The research finally focuses on the integrated heat pump system where the PV/T collector acts as evaporator. Based on the energy balance of the four main components of the heat pump system, a mathematical model of the heat pump system is presented. When the instantaneous ambient temperature and solar radiation are provided, results are obtained for the spatial distributions of refrigerant conditions, which include temperature, pressure, vapour quality and enthalpy. Detailed experimental studies are carried out in a laboratory. Three testing modes are proposed to investigate the effect of solar radiation, condenser water flow rate and condenser water supply temperature on energy performance. The testing results show that an average coefficient of performance (COP) reached 3.8,4.3 and 4.0 under the three testing modes with variable radiation, condenser water supply water temperature and water flow rate, respectively. However, this could be much higher for a large capacity heat pump system using large PV panels on building roofs. The COP increases with the increasing solar radiation, but decreases as the condenser water supply temperature and water flow rate increases.
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Lam, Sze-nok Candy. „Property management and property value of high-rise private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969136.
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Baharuddin. „An investigation of factors affecting prediction of daylight availability in high-rise residential buildings in a high-density urban environment a case study in Hong Kong /“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085179.
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Li, Jing Qiang. „Designing constraints for capacity analysis of residential floor areas“. Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292545.
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This thesis focuses on the development of design constraints for use in analyzing the capacity of the residential units' floor areas in Open Building projects. Two cases are used to demonstrate the use of these constraints: a vacant office building (Kales Building) being converted to residential occupancy; a new multi-story building the lower floors of which are hotel rooms and the upper floors are residential condominium units.The thesis suggests that these constraints and the capacity analysis of residential floor areas associated with them can assist design teams, at the beginning of similar projects; provide important "added value" to clients, and contribute to the long term "sustainability" or adaptability of buildings.The first part of the thesis addresses the question of how to design a residential base building which can accommodate an optimal number and variety of fit-out unit layouts. The answer to the question links to the need for design constraints and points to their use in capacity analysis.The second part of the thesis focuses on the deduction of "constraint-designing" for Open Building residential layout. Plumbing systems, which are one of the most significant barriers to the application of Open Building, are specifically and more deeply studied in this part. A series of constraints are developed, which can generally assist in designing and analyzing floor plate capacity. . It is akin to learning to know the rules before starting a game.The third part of the thesis focuses on the demonstration of the uses of constraints in the design process of the conversion of an abandoned office building to residential uses.The last part of the thesis demonstrates the use of constraints and capacity analysis in a new multi-story condo project.In short, the paper is initially concerned with both the design concept and its application into detail levels in one of the many issues. It is a study of methods and technical rules of designing floor plan layouts when capacity analysis is the aim.Department of Architecture
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Gomaa, Bakr M. „Wind channels : a novel passive ventilation system for deep plan high-rise residential buildings“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546571.
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Lam, Sze-nok Candy, und 林詩諾. „Property management and property value of high-rise private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969136.
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Prajongsan, Pimolsiri. „Natural ventilation strategies to enhance human comfort in high-rise residential buildings in Thailand“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2006523/.
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In this study a thermal comfort ventilation strategy called ‘ventilation shaft’, which is a vertical shaft located at the rear of a single-sided unit and with an exhaust at the building’s flat roof, is proposed for a single-sided residential unit in high-rise buildings in Bangkok. The main aim is to investigate its potential to maximize the unit’s indoor air velocity and to extend the occupants’ thermal comfort, which, therefore, reduces high electricity consumption due to cooling systems. By using the validated CFD code in DesignBuilder simulation software, the ventilation shaft’s effectiveness was examined and its design was optimized. It was found that the proposed strategy can effectively increase the unit’s air velocity from 0.05ms-1 to 1.44ms-1 (approximately 36% of the external wind speed of 4ms-1under wind incident angle of 0°). The external wind speed and direction relating to the unit’s main window were found as the most influential external parameters, while the vertical shaft’s size as well as the inlet and outlet’s size and location with respect to the occupied area were the most influential design factors to determine its performance. A shaft height of at least 1m above the building flat roof, as well as an opening width of at least 50%-75% of the wall’s width, is recommended for ensuring the best results. Openings’ length, particularly the inlet’s, only to cover the occupied level is also suggested to avoid excessive solar heat gain from the environment. Regarding thermal comfort, the ventilation shaft with its optimal design was attached to the rooms from floor 6th to floor 25th of the hypothetical building and found able to produce the required air speed for creating physiological cooling effect in most units. This could extend the occupants’ thermal comfort time for up to 33% and 64% per day for a south- and a north-facing unit in the hypothetical building, respectively based on ASHRAE’s adaptive comfort model, and could lead to significant energy savings of up to 68.8MW per annum and 5,291MW per annum for a typical residential building in Bangkok based on a typical electric ceiling fan and a split type air conditioner respectively. In conclusion, the proposed ventilation shaft is an effective windinduced strategy to increase the air velocity and create cross ventilation in a single-sided residential unit, which can enhance the natural ventilation potential to provide thermal comfort and reduce the a/c systems dependency in typical high-rise residential buildings in Bangkok and other hot-humid climates.
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Renganathan, Giridharan. „Urban design factors influencing outdoor temperature in high-rise high-density residential developments in the coastal zone of Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32021148.
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Yang, Feng. „The effect of urban design factors on the summertime heat islands in high-rise residential quarters in inner-city Shanghai“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4284115X.
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Leung, Chui-shan, und 梁翠珊. „The effectiveness of government's intervention on building management of multi-ownership residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008139.
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Wu, Xiaoling. „Summertime urban heat island effect in high-rise high-density residential development in the inner-city of Guangzhou, China“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43223771.
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Lundberg, Nils. „Evaluation of a high-rise building for passive house classifications in PHPP : Simulation and optimization of energy efficiency measures for residential high-rise buildings in different climates“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-127056.
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This thesis is a part of the major EU project EE-Highrise which is a part of the European 7th Framework Research Program (FP7-ENERGY). In order to demonstrate and test new technologies and concepts, a demo building has been constructed in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. The approach during the development of the building has been to consider all its elements with the purpose to increase the energy efficiency and sustainability of the building. Umeå University’s objective is to develop regional specific models of the demo high-rise building. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate whether a simplified model of the high rise building, Eco Silver House, can meet the passive house classifications in four selected cities; Ljubljana, Sibenik, Umeå and Dubai and then to suggest improvements of the models for the different regions. Drawings of the building were provided along with an IFC file for construction of the model in PHPP. The simulation tool used for simulations, PHPP, contained all necessary tools for designing a properly functioning Passive House. By preparing an energy balance, the annual energy demand of the building was calculated based on input related to building characteristics. Results from the simulations have then been compared to the requirements for the German Passive House classification. The performance of the building in Umeå has also be compared to the Swedish passive house standards. Improvements to the climate shell and the ventilation system were after that examined depending on the results. It was shown that it is possible to construct regional specific models that fulfill the passive house requirements in three of four regions. The model achieved passive house standard without any additional energy efficiency measures in Ljubljana and Šibenik while a combination of measures was needed to fulfill all the criteria’s in Umeå. The Swedish requirements used for evaluation of the model in Sweden were easier to fulfill since they have been developed for the cold climate present in Umeå. Since no regional passive house classification was used to evaluate the performance of the model in Dubai the cooling and primary energy demand exceeded the limiting criteria’s. The energy efficiency measure with reduced window area had the greatest impact on heating and cooling demand in all climates. This measure should be included in all future models which also is suggested by parallel studies on similar models of the same building. The only climate where an increased U-value of the external envelope resulted in improved performance of the model was in Šibenik. For all the other climates where a lowered U-value was implemented did the overall performance improve.EE-Highrise (European 7th Framework Research Program.
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Awawdeh, Siba Adel. „The Potential of Building Regulations to improve the Energy Efficiency of High Rise Residential Buildings in the Gulf Countries“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527656.
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Tong, Yee-hang Arthur, und 唐以恆. „Planning for better quality of life for high rise residential development in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261152.
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Mak, Chung-hang, und 麥仲恒. „High-density, high-rise residential developments and their impact on environmental sustainability: the case ofHong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261310.
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Šabo, Andrej. „RING! - Dostavba městského okruhu v Brně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216018.
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The concept of completion of the urban circuit in Brno is based on contrast of the classic block build-up area and the vertical elements that come in the form of high-rise buildings. The designed object combines the functions of housing, recreation, service and offices in close relation to the horizontal element of pedestrian way on the viaduct. Simple masses contain the adequate features for the modern contemporary residential areas close to the city center of Brno.
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Wu, Xiaoling, und 吳小玲. „Summertime urban heat island effect in high-rise high-density residential development in the inner-city of Guangzhou, China“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43223771.
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劉子榕 und Chi-yung Joseph Lau. „Evaluation of the estate management of private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4389477X.
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Noori, Susan Alemzadeh. „A Study of Social - Cultural Aspects of Housing The Case of Modern High-Rise Residential Buildings in Tehran“. Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521207.
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Yang, Feng, und 楊峰. „The effect of urban design factors on the summertime heat islands in high-rise residential quarters in inner-city Shanghai“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210316.
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Lau, Ka-chi, und 劉家池. „Assessing the problems of implementing major improvement works in aging private residential buildings in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969148.
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31
Baharuddin. „An investigation of factors affecting prediction of daylight availability in high-rise residential buildings in a high-densityurban environment: a case study in HongKong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085179.
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Alsousi, Mohammed R. „User response to energy conservation and thermal comfort of high-rise residential buildings in hot humid regions (with reference to Palestine)“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415394.
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Chan, Chun-wah Owen, und 陳津華. „Deregulation & business opportunity: a case stydy of private residential building management industry in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265200.
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Liew, Jamie. „Rooftop Solar Power Production Potential of Existing Public Housing Buildings in Singapore“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447555.
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The importance of increasing renewable energy production to facilitate a sustainable energy transition has been well-discussed and reinforced worldwide. In land- and resource-scarce and tropical Singapore, solar has been deemed the most feasible renewable energy technology for the country moving forward. Previous studies have focused on assessing the feasibility of various solar technologies. This paper instead analyses the rooftop solar power production potential of existing high-rise residential buildings in Singapore, and thus contributes to reaching the national solar goal using geographic information system geospatial imagery. For this study, the chosen focus area is the south of Jurong East in Singapore. Results show that solar deployment on all available public high-rise residential building rooftop areas in the focus area will be able to generate a total potential solar peak power and annual solar energy output of 2-megawatt peak and 2.8-gigawatt hour per year respectively. This equates to meeting the energy demand of 679 public residential apartments in the focus area and meeting 0.18% of the national solar goal of reaching 1.5- gigawatt peak by 2025. In an urban context, the use of geospatial analysis has been presented to benefit urban planning especially with regards to the integration of rooftop solar photovoltaic systems.
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Renganathan, Giridharan. „Urban design factors influencing outdoor temperature in high-risehigh-density residential developments in the coastal zone of HongKong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32021148.
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Gong, Wei, und 龔蔚. „A structural equation model to unveil the effect of human behaviour to the satisfaction of sustainable refurbishment for high-rise residential buildings“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208029.
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Improving the energy performance of existing building refurbishment has been identified as one of the key measures to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and combat climate change. According to Environmental Protection Department, buildings in Hong Kong take up almost 90% of urban electricity consumption. Sustainable building refurbishment not only can help decrease energy consumption but may also improve building’s overall condition, and thus prolong its life, uplift the living conditions, ensure better health and safety as well as minimize the negative effects to environment.
To respond to the energy emission reduction, many researchers focus on technical improvements through various refurbishment methods. However, there is a research gap in determining the appropriate refurbishment solutions for high-rise residential buildings in developed cities like Hong Kong. The challenge is aggravated as there are a number of owners and occupants in multi-storey residential buildings and their behaviour can be very different. Albeit more and more attentions have been attributed to human behaviours and occupant satisfaction, little has been done to examine their effects to the choices and success of sustainable refurbishment solutions. This study aims to systematically analyse the effect of human behaviour to the satisfaction of sustainable refurbishment by setting up a unified model so as to maximize the opportunity for emission reduction without sacrificing the satisfaction of owners and occupants.
Literature review was first conducted to attain the knowledge of sustainable refurbishment and human behaviour. Then, a list of potential sustainable building refurbishment method items was compiled under five criteria through literature review. In order to further examine the suitability of sustainable building refurbishment methods in Hong Kong scenario from the perspective of owners and occupants, a questionnaire survey was administered. Following that, literature review and interviews were carried out to identify a set of critical success factors (CSFs) of electing sustainable refurbishment strategies as well as key performance indicators (KPIs) of a sustainable building refurbishment scheme. Based on that, another questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the occupants’ perception to the relative importance of the identified CSFs and KPIs. Finally, a structural equation model was set up to unveil the relationships between occupants’ satisfaction and project success, and the findings were validated through expert interviews. The results shows that disruption is the most important factors affecting occupants’ decisions, followed by Management and Organization; Comfort; Cost; and Health and Safety. The technological and environmental accomplishments are proven to be the most important KPIs to the success of a sustainable building refurbishment project. The model developed can help decision-makers select on suitable sustainable building refurbishment methods to meet the social expectations of occupants while achieving the carbon emission target.published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Mat, Noor Noorsidi Aizuddin. „Framework of whole life cycle costing for Malaysian high rise residential property development“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69584/1/Noorsidi%20Aizuddin_Mat%20Noor_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was an initial stage in formulating and management of the optimum budget allocation during the operational, maintenance and rehabilitation phases in high rise residential property development in Malaysia. The principal objective of this project is to develop a framework of Whole Life Cycle Costing for high rise residential property development that will enhance the quality and cost effectiveness of this building type in Malaysia. The researcher investigated 13 building components from 6 high rise residential property developments in Johor, Malaysia to determine the affect and economic impact of component initial cost and quality by applying them to a Whole Life Cycle Cost model approach. The results provide valuable data in respect to the overall cost of specific components over the whole life of a large high rise building. In addition, Dr. Mat Noor also determined the impact and satisfaction of quality of building components through WLCC.
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Kohoutová, Zuzana. „Mrakodrap " EVO" (Experimentální výškový objekt)“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226025.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the architectural design of Skyscraper "EVO" (experimental high-rise building) located in Brno. The building integrates various functions (residential, restaurant, shops, office space and gallery) at relatively small built-up area. The aim of the thesis is to create the design of a high-rise building with appropriate scale and which creates space for interconnection of different functions and will become new dominant of the city. The proposed building is located in the part of the city called Veveří. The building site is defined by Šumavská and Veveří streets. The building is designed as a single rectangular prism shaped volume. The entrances to the building are at the level of surrounding terrain. The building has 31 aboveground floors and 9 underground floors. The simple shape of building is structured by horizontal bands of consoles which create shields against excessive sun exposure and vertical atriums embedded in the main volume. These atriums connect interior and exterior. This atrium create connection between interior and exterior and ease the penetration of natural daylight inside the building. The dominant material used is glass, which is applied both in exterior and interior. The glass used on glazing of atrium sis colored transparent photovoltaic glass. Bands are in white color.
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Wang, Yu-Wen, und 王毓文. „Production Certification Management Model for High-Rise Residential Buildings“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06137264762011854771.
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Putra, David Kharisma, und 雷大偉. „Design Strategies for Sustainable High-Rise Residential and Office Buildings“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3pu459.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
106
Living in a high dense populated city, not only by human but also buildings make us need to reconsider many aspects of building strategies. Environmental damage has been occurred for decades, and getting worse until the present time, and estimated becoming worse in the future. The concept of vertical living and working has been recognized as a solution to facilitate fast growth and urbanization worldwide so that in this context tall buildings are becoming increasingly necessary as a result of the efficient use that they make of the limited land available. However, tall buildings can address a lot of environmental issues, changing in human behavior, and also interrupting economic infrastructure. The study of sustainable architecture is developing from time to time, and it is necessary for us as architects to understand the practical steps and guidelines so that our designs could sustain the environment, social living, and also economic infrastructure. This paper examines building strategies for office and residential buildings by literature reviews about high-rise architecture and sustainability in architecture. Case studies of residential and office high-rise sustainable architecture from time to time were chosen to explore and identify practical strategies used by well-known architects achieving sustainability. This paper also offers practical design strategies that can be used for practitioners, architectural education, and also research. At the end of this research, also given an example of sustainable design strategies implementation for high-rise building by participating international sustainable architecture design competition. It is sincerely hoped that this paper can be used either for practical use or research use in the future.
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曾盈瑞. „Parametric Design on the Facade Patterns of Middle-High-Rise Residential Buildings“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62218709265707634864.
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Shue, Jian-Yi, und 薛健一. „A Survey of the Aseismatic Design of High-Rise Residential Buildings in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2vfqcb.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
96
High-rise residential buildings are expectable products of urbanization, and the utmost concern of building construction is safety. Earthquakes are one of the significant natural disasters in Taiwan, posing as the greatest threat to structural safety. According to our encounters with seismic attacks and current situations in Taiwan, however, we find that the architecture industry as a whole is entertaining many misconceptions. This study therefore focuses on the aseismatic design of high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Through theoretic exploration and review of major seismic disasters, it identifies aseismatic design principles and focuses and examines the approaches and effects of aseismatic design of typical high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Baesd on the overall findings, it then presents the conclusions and recommendations. This study employs the “heuristic structure theory” for the manipulation. Through domain definition, problem breakdown, factor extraction and induction, it presents its findings, conclusions and recommendations. Research subjects include structural design, aseismatic principle, shape, structural material, structural reinforcement and major domestic and international seismic disasters. This paper comprises 5 chapters, including: Chapter One Introduction, Chapter Two Literature Review, Chapter Three Exploration of Aseismatic Design Principles and Focuses, Chapter Four Review and Analysis of Aseismatic Design Cases, and Chapter Five Conclusions and Recommendations. In factor extraction, the following aseismatic design inspection principles and focuses are identified: 1. Inspection of the gravity center and rigidity center (examination of eccentricity); 2. Inspection of rigid balance and rigidity; 3. Inspection of structural adjustment; 4. Aseismatic component layout; 5. Inspection of basement; 6. Inspection of detail design and construction. Research findings lead to three conclusions: 1. Correct aseismatic building design concepts are important foundations of building safety. 2. The aseismatic effect of well-balanced structural design is multiplicative. 3. Aseismatic design and construction experience of high-rise residential buildings in Taiwan. Following the conclusions, two recommendations are proposed: 1. The opinions and professional insights of concerned individuals must be incorporated in structural design during the planning stage. 2. The government and professionals shall be responsible for the planing and implementation of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction.
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Yan, Hongwei. „Reduction of air intake contamination in high-rise residential buildings in an urban environment“. Thesis, 2002. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1819/1/MQ72902.pdf.
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The re-ingestion of toxic or odorous gases exhausted from rooftop stacks of a building may be a cause of indoor air quality problems of the same or an adjacent building. Although many experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the dispersion of exhaust from low-rise buildings, relatively little work has been conducted for high-rise buildings. The present study examines the dispersion of pollutants from rooftop stacks on high-rise buildings and their effect on adjacent buildings. The water flume of the Building Aerodynamics Laboratory (BAL) has been used to carry out flow visualization experiments to identify building configurations that may produce exhaust re-ingestion. Results from the water flume were verified in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the BAL using the tracer gas technique. General flow patterns are discussed in terms of dilution contours. Thirteen empirical equations of the minimum dilution variation with different building configurations have been derived based on a significant amount of experimental data. The effects of various factors are investigated. The dilution measurement results are compared with prediction from ASHRAE dilution model and those from other recent similar studies. It was found that the distance of stack to wall inlet and the exhaust momentum ratio affect the exhaust dilution dramatically. However, the stack location does not make any significant difference on dilution within the wake cavity zone with the same stack distance. Higher stack provides higher wall dilution. The gap between emitting and adjacent buildings affects the distribution of dilution, but it does not affect the value of the minimum dilution
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„Does architecture design matter in high rise residential housing?: an empirical study in Hong Kong residential property market“. 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893302.
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Ma, Wai Yip.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgments --- p.iii
Content --- p.iv
List of Tables --- p.vi
List of Figures --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.6
Chapter Chapter Three --- Expected Sign of variables --- p.17
Chapter Chapter Four --- Data Description --- p.21
Chapter Chapter Five --- Methodology --- p.24
Chapter 5.1 --- Ordinary Least Square --- p.24
Chapter Chapter Six --- Empirical result --- p.26
Chapter 6.1. --- Basic model 1 --- p.26
Chapter 6.2. --- Basic model 2 --- p.27
Chapter 6.3. --- Comparison between Basic model 1 & Basic model 2 --- p.30
Chapter 6.4. --- "Model with ""Design Variables""" --- p.32
Chapter 6.5. --- "Model using ""restricted sample""" --- p.35
Chapter 6.6. --- "Model with ""Interactive terms and design""" --- p.36
Chapter 6.7. --- "Model with ""Interactive terms and design"" using restricted sample" --- p.40
Chapter Chapter Seven --- Limitations and Future direction --- p.42
Chapter Chapter Eight --- Concluding Remarks --- p.44
Appendix One Tables --- p.46
Appendix Two Figures --- p.62
Appendix Three Using floor plans information to construct dataset --- p.64
Appendix Four Implicit prices of housing attributes over time --- p.68
Appendix Five Robustness check for the potential problem of heteroskedasticity --- p.74
Reference --- p.75
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Yen, Chia-Ju, und 嚴佳茹. „An Evaluation Tool of Infection Risk Analysis for Drainage Systems in High-rise Residential Buildings“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54363925227996371320.
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博士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
97
This study proposes a simple risk analysis tool and evaluation level for the probable infection due to a contaminated drainage stack in residential high-rise buildings in some Asian cities which have equivalent drainage systems. The methodology would follow the conception of FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis). In particular, key risk factors including connections between appliance and stack, the plumbing system, ventilation, equipment life and maintenance were surveyed and used to evaluate the overall risk associated in high-rise residential buildings with Monte-Carlo simulations. With the proposed tool, regional risks of infection due to the building drainage systems were estimated, with respect to the city building age and height profiles. The results showed that a city with high-rise environment would associate a higher spreading risk due to the drainage system. Following the outbreak of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) in early 2003, the operational performance of drainage system in high-rise residential buildings has become a major concern. The assessment system would be practical and sensible for evaluating the infection risk in building drainage systems for both existing buildings and new construction. The assessment tool may provide the government, designers and the occupants a source of reference to judge drainage system performance in either new construction or the existing building, so that improvements would be conducted.
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Tan, Samson. „A Dynamic, Probabilistic Fire Risk Model incorporating Technical, Human and Organizational Risks for High-rise Residential Buildings“. Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42814/.
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Fire events in high-rise residential buildings pose threats to both property and human life and upon investigation it is frequently revealed that the cause of a fire event is not simply due to technical errors. Often these investigations uncover human and organizational errors (HOEs) that contribute to fire risk and fire events. Many human factors identified in fire risk environments can be minimized through employee training and development while organizational factors, such as safety culture, can be changed over time through transformational interventions that shift existing mindsets. Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) methods are modeling tools that allow fire risk professionals to estimate risk by computing several scenarios of what can go wrong, the likelihood of events occurring, and the consequences of the events. PRA often takes a fixed value of events occurring likelihood over the building design period, whereas it may change due to aging of a fire safety measure. PRA is an explicit methodology for complying with performance requirements of building codes, but existing PRA methods may underestimate safety risk levels by ignoring HOEs while focusing solely on technical risks and errors as well as not taking into account reliability changes over the time.
In this work, a systematic review identifies HOEs that can potentially affect risk estimates in fire safety modelling of high-rise buildings. The importance and uniqueness of high-rise buildings is mainly due to the special nature of buildings where fire-fighting techniques require different safety measures than in other industries. In addition, the height of high-rise buildings and the increased number of occupants result in longer evacuation times than other types of buildings or industrial plants. Evacuation times are increased further when the number of stairways in these buildings is limited. A wide range of HOEs have been identified as impacting risk in various industries such as offshore oil production and nuclear plants, but not all these identified HOEs will be appropriate for high-rise buildings. Important factors are those that emerge consistently from different published sources supported by quantitative case studies of events such as the Grenfell Tower fire in London and the fire in the Lacrosse building fire in Melbourne. The linking of published HOEs with errors identified from high-rise building fire case studies uncover HOEs likely to influence risk estimates. Quantifications of the impact of HOEs on risk estimates in other industries indeed justify additional research and inclusion of HOEs for risk estimates in high-rise buildings. This work uniquely connects HOEs from various industries to likely HOEs associated with risks in high-rise buildings to address an important gap in the literature. The research provides empirical quantitative studies, theoretical framework, and guidelines demonstrating how HOEs risks can be distilled to improve PRAs of fires in high-rise buildings.
To further address the gap, this work proposes a comprehensive Technical- Human-Organizational Risk (T-H-O-Risk) methodology to enhance existing PRA approaches by quantifying human and organizational risks. The methodology incorporates Bayesian Network (BN) analysis of HOEs and System Dynamics (SD) modeling for dynamic characterization of risk variations over time in high- rise residential buildings. Most current approaches assume that the relationships among HOEs are independent and current methods do not explain the interactions among these variables. An integrated T-H-O-Risk model overcomes this limitation by measuring causal relationships among variables and quantifying HOEs such as staff training, fire drill practices, safety culture and building maintenance. The model addresses the underestimation of risk resulting from not following the proper practices and regulations. Issues of selecting fire safety measures needed to reduce risk to an acceptable level are examined while evaluating the efficacy of active systems that are sensitive to HOEs. The methodology utilizes the “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP) principle in comparing risk acceptance for different case studies demonstrating the model’s value related to risk reduction with respect to initial designs of high-rise residential buildings.
By incorporating both BN and SD techniques, the T-H-O-Risk model developed in this research evaluates HOEs dynamically in an innovative and integrated quantitative risk framework. This is possible by incorporating factors that vary with time since event tree/fault tree (ET/FT) and BN alone cannot deal with dynamic characteristics of the process variables and HOEs. The model includes risk variation over time which is significantly better than contemporary methods that only provide static values of risks. Initially three case studies are conducted with limited number of scenarios for the purpose of validation to demonstrate the application of this comprehensive approach to the designs of various high-rise residential buildings ranging from 18 to 24 stories. Societal risks are represented in F-N curves. Results show that in general, fire safety designs that do not consider HOEs underestimate the overall risks significantly which can reach 40% in some extreme cases. Furthermore, risks over time due to HOEs vary by as much as 30% over 10 years. A sensitivity analysis indicates that deficient training, poor safety culture and ineffective emergency plans have significant impact on overall risk.
Subsequently, the application of the T-H-O-Risk methodology was expanded to seven designs of high-rise residential buildings (including earlier three) with 16 different technical solutions to quantify the impact of HOEs on different fire safety systems. The active systems considered are sprinklers, building occupant warning systems, smoke detectors, and smoke control systems. The results indicate that HOEs impact risks in active systems by approximately 20%, however, HOEs have a limited impact on passive fire protection systems. Large variations are observed in the reliability of active systems due to HOEs over time.
Finally, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of HOEs were carried out on three selected buildings from the above seven. The sensitivity analysis again indicates that deficient training, poor safety culture and ineffective emergency plans have significant impact on overall risk. The model also identifies multiple cases where tenable conditions are breached. A detailed uncertainty analysis is carried out using a Monte Carlo approach to isolate critical parameters affecting the risk levels.
This research has developed a novel approach to enhance fire risk assessment methods using a holistic quantification of technical, human, and organizational risks for high-rise residential buildings which ultimately benefits future risk assessments providing more precise estimates. A significant contribution of this research involves the systematic identification of HOEs and their associated risks for consideration in future PRAs. By studying various trial designs, the impact of HOEs on fire safety systems is analyzed while demonstrating the robustness of the T-H-O-Risk methodology for high-rise buildings. The research lays foundations for next-generation building codes and risk assessment methods.
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Hsu, Hsiu-Hsiung, und 許秀雄. „Evaluation Study on Construction Costs and Construction Periods via Different Excavation Methods for High-Rise Buildings —the residential building in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, as an example“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54378405420187657296.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理學系碩士在職專班
102
The construction location directly impacts on excavating method and basic structure design. This reaserch hereby takes the tall dwelling buidings in Xinzhuang Dist. Of New Taipei City as examples, aims to review and analyze the overall time and the costs of construction project impacted by the Excavation Method commonly used in the construction industry. In the recent 10 years, the construction industry in New Taipei City has developed flourishingly resulted from the continual completion of transport infrastructure and big advantages such as “Three Direct Links” between China mainland and Taiwan. All the builders in Taiwan are positively hunting for lands and developing to take the preemptive opportunities without exception. Choosing the Excavation Method makes extreme relations to the speed of construction, impact to adjacent buildings, future licenses obtaining and construction completion /closing. Therefore this research takes the issuing numbers of building and user licenses in New Taipei City during the past 10 years to analyze developing status and tendency of real estate, and also takes Excavation Method Bottom-up Method, Up-up Method, Top-down Method currently commonly used by the construction industry to analyze the pros and cons, project durations differences, building cost estimation of each Excavation Method Finally use Arrange Comparison to certify the relations of project durations differences, building cost estimation, and etc. The purpose of this research is to provide a blueprint to the builders to choose suitable Excavation Method efficiently according to constructing floors and basement dimensions in the beginning of each program and get the highest beneficial result from construction completion and closing as scheduled, as quality following the dynamic real estate.
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LU, CHIA-HUA, und 呂佳華. „Investigation and improvement of fire and evacuation of indoor gross embryo compartment in high-rise collective residential buildings-A case study of xinbei city“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/du5739.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築系建築與都市設計碩士班
106
Due to the limited urban land, collective residential buildings gradually develop towards higher levels. In order to respond to the different needs of indoor cubicle planning by different customers, there is an “embryo” approach and the use of licenses is achieved. These high-rise residential interior masonry compartments are legally designed to have only kitchen and sanitary indoor compartments, but the rules of thumb for residential use requirements should be used for compartments, study rooms, etc... The annual high-rise residential interior mahogany cubicle has been approved for use by about a thousand households. If the indoor decoration permit is not obtained according to regulations, it may affect the safety of high-rise fire prevention and evacuation. Therefore, this study aims at obtaining high-rise residential housing for licensed high-rise residential buildings. The investigation and discussion of the cases of the embryonic house compartments summed up the assessment of the effects of fire and shelter on the interior masonry compartments of high-rise residential buildings and provided advice or practices on building management. The results of this study are as follows: 一、High-rise residential housing interior embryo room compartments, number of pings and administrative conditions: In the past 8 years (99 to 106 years), there were 18 cases (cases) of indoor hair embryos and 1,190 households. 16 cases (16 cases can be found in 18 cases in this study) of the high-rise residential buildings in the interior embryonic house compartment, half are in the pattern of Daping number; there are 5 cases of recurring walking distance threshold value, and 3 cases are Daping number pattern. And in the case of 16 high-rise residential interior mahogany compartments, there were 5 cases located in Linkou District. 二、Construction personnel at the license review stage: A review shall be carried out on the interior of the high-rise residential building where the indoor area exceeds 68 pings or more, or the threshold value of the repetitive walking distance has been determined; and the applicant is assumed to be hypothetical. After arranging the indoor cubicle, review whether the walking distance and repeat walking distance are still in compliance with the regulations to ensure that the walking distance is met and available for future household compartment reference. 三、The legal application rate for high-rise residential buildings in the interior embryonic house compartments is too low, and there is no application for legal interior decoration review, high-rise kitchens are not fireproofed, and there is a lack of professional and administrative personnel in the layout compartment of personal preferences. Failure to comply with the provisions of the residential compartment, and thus affect the public fire safety. 四、Exposed ceilings are not unreasonably applied. The ceiling is less reasonable. There is a possibility of secondary application. However, the ceiling height is the key to the impact of fire smoke dispersion, and there is no relevant gate for the flame resistance regulations on materials, and there is a danger of disasters.
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Chou, Hui-Chen, und 周會琛. „Improving Evacuation Safety of High-Rise Residential Building to Increase Marketing Advantage“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c3er4w.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
工業設計系創新設計碩士班
106
Poor performance of fire evacuation equipment could lead to serious injuries and deaths. Many fire cases in high-rise residential building tells that the current fire evacuation equipment have some problems, including: 1.residents cannot use the equipment well. 2.the equipment does not fit the situation when fire. 3.the function of equipment does not take the users’ feeling into consideration. The study focus on cognition and feeling about escape equipment of residents to understand the inadequacy of evacuation performance in high-rise building by using questionnaire, generate the concepts of improved fire evacuation facilities which can enhance the safety feeling of residents as well as marketing advantage. The result shows that there are seventy percent of people living in residential building, unsatisfied to current evacuation equipment while concern for refuge in building. Over eighty percent of people willing to spend much money to buy a house with better evacuation facilities. The concepts including “Fire equipment Cabinet”, “Evacuation Lights” and “Refuge Room” are confirmed to effectively improve the house safety, could be the direction of fire facilities improvement in residential building.
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Ricketts, Lorne. „A Field Study of Airflow in a High-Rise Multi-Unit Residential Building“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8190.
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Airflow into, out of, and within buildings is fundamental to their design and operation as it can affect occupant health and comfort, building durability, and energy consumption. This thesis works to develop the understanding of airflow patterns and pressure regimes in high-rise multi-unit residential buildings which are both unique and complex due to the combination of their height, typical inclusion of operable windows, and compartmentalized layout. Specific attention is directed towards the performance of corridor pressurization based ventilation systems which are used pervasively within industry to ventilate and control contaminant transfer in these buildings.
Airflow is caused by pressure differences which for buildings are created by the driving forces of wind, stack effect, and mechanical ventilation systems. These airflows are resisted by the air permeance (i.e. airtightness) of building elements including the exterior enclosure and interior compartmentalizing elements. Using an experimental program at a case study building, this thesis assesses the interaction of these driving forces of airflow with the physical building to create the airflow patterns for a typical high-rise multi-unit residential building.
Perflourocarbon tracer (PFT) testing was performed to measure in-service airflows into and out of the suites. This testing found that the air change rates of upper suites are significantly higher than that of lower suites and that most suites receive small fractions of modern ventilation rates or are over ventilated. Airflow measurements of the supply of ventilation air to each corridor indicate that these low flow rates are in part due to leakage of air from the supply duct. The PFT testing also found that significant airflow occurred from the parking garage below the building into the occupied building spaces indicating significant potential for transfer of harmful air contaminants.
The air permeance of the exterior enclosure and interior compartmentalizing elements were measured using neutralized fan pressurization and depressurization techniques and found to be within typical ranges. In particular this testing found that only 20% of the flow paths out of the corridor were to the adjacent suites through the suite entrance doors and that flows to the elevator shaft and stairwells could create a significant inefficiency in the ventilation system.
A long-term monitoring program was implemented at the case study building primarily to monitor exterior environmental conditions including wind and exterior temperature and to correlate these with measured pressure differences. A strong correlation was found between building pressure and exterior temperature. Nearly 70% of the theoretical stack effect pressure was measured to act across the corridor to suite pressure boundary which creates a significant pressure differences to be overcome by the ventilation system, likely contributing to the uneven distribution of ventilation rates. Both wind and stack effect pressures were found to often be of similar or greater magnitude than mechanically induced pressure differences and thus can overwhelm the ventilation system.
Overall, the corridor pressurization based ventilation system at the case study building does not effectively or efficiently ventilate the building and also does not provide sufficient control of air contaminants. As the case study building was found to be relatively representative of a typical multi-unit residential building, the findings from this building can be extended to many other buildings. Effective ventilation and airflow control in multi-unit residential buildings likely requires suite compartmentalization and direct supply of ventilation via ducted or in-suite systems.