Zeitschriftenartikel: „HFVRP“

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Yeh, Wei-Chang, und Shi-Yi Tan. „Simplified Swarm Optimization for the Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-Varying Continuous Speed Function“. Electronics 10, Nr. 15 (24.07.2021): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151775.

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Transportation planning has been established as a key topic in the literature and practices of social production, especially in urban contexts. To consider traffic environment factors, more and more researchers are taking time-varying factors into account when scheduling their logistic activities. The time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP) is an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) by determining a set of optimal routes serving a set of customers within specific time windows. However, few of them use the continuous speed function to express the time-varying. In practice, many vehicle routing problems are addressed by a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles with different capacities and travel costs including fix costs and variable costs. In this study, a Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFPRP) Time-Varying Continuous Speed Function has been proposed. The objective is to minimize distribution costs, which contained fixed costs of acquiring and variable fuel costs. To address this problem, our research developed a mathematical model and proposed a Simplified Swarm Optimization (SSO) heuristic for HFVRP with Time-Varying Continuous Speed Function.

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Lukman, Ismanitami, Rosmalina Hanafi und Syarifuddin M. Parenreng. „Optimasi Biaya Distribusi pada HFVRP Menggunakan Algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization“. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 18, Nr. 2 (01.11.2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v18.n2.p164-175.2019.

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Lee, Keyju, Junjae Chae, Bomi Song und Donghyun Choi. „A Model for Sustainable Courier Services: Vehicle Routing with Exclusive Lanes“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 3 (03.02.2020): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031077.

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In Southeast Asian cities, it is common for logistic companies to operate a heterogeneous fleet of delivery vehicles with motorcycles being the preferred vehicle to handle the final phase of delivery. In such scenarios, heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem (HFVRP) is generally applied to plan an optimal delivery. However, in many downtown cores of large and rapidly developing Southeast Asian cities, HFVRP is neither viable nor reliable because of road usage restrictions. The purpose of this article is to develop and test a different approach that accurately takes these restrictions into account and provides viable and more sustainable results. Restrictions in this paper refer to situations of urban areas in Vietnam where (i) certain vehicle types are prohibited in specified areas or where narrow alleyways limit the utilization of vehicles that exceed the road capacity and (ii) certain roads are exclusive to certain vehicle types. In networks, limited access and exclusive lanes are represented as links, or arcs, exclusive to one or another. Taking these limitations into consideration, we have developed a unique model, which we have termed Vehicle Routing Problem with Exclusive Links (VRP-EL). The model was validated and tested for its performance on scenarios with varying ratios of exclusive links. Scenarios up to 500 customers were tested on a meta-heuristic algorithm, simulated annealing. VRP-EL produces realistic outcomes. Limiting certain links to be selected according to vehicle types increases overall travel distance. However, this increase outweighs the cost of re-planning and rerouting had they not been constrained initially. The reduction in traveling distance leads to fossil fuel reduction for the overall system. The estimation of reduced carbon emissions through applying the proposed model is presented. Considering the severe traffic congestion and carbon emissions caused by motorcycles in Vietnam, the proposed model leads to a sustainable road environment.

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Paramestha, D. L., und B. Santosa. „Developing cross entropy genetic algorithm for solving Two-Dimensional Loading Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (2L-HFVRP)“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 337 (April 2018): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/337/1/012001.

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Domínguez Rivero, Oscar L., Angel A. Juan Pérez, Ignacio A. de la Nuez Pestana und Djamila Ouelhadj. „An ILS-biased randomization algorithm for the two-dimensional loading HFVRP with sequential loading and items rotation“. Journal of the Operational Research Society 67, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2015.48.

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6

Kaewman, Sasitorn, und Raknoi Akararungruangkul. „Heuristics Algorithms for a Heterogeneous Fleets VRP with Excessive Demand for the Vehicle at the Pickup Points, and the Longest Traveling Time Constraint: A Case Study in Prasitsuksa Songkloe, Ubonratchathani Thailand“. Logistics 2, Nr. 3 (28.08.2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics2030015.

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This paper presents a methodology to solve a special case of the vehicle routing problem (VRP) called the heterogeneous fleets VRP with excessive demand of the vehicle at the pickup points, and the longest time constraint (HFVRP-EXDE-LTC). We developed two metaheuristics—a differential evolution (DE) algorithm and an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS)—to solve the problem. These two proposed methods have been designed to effectively solve a special case of VRP. From the computational results, we can see that the proposed heuristics outperformed the best practices that are currently in use. The DE yielded a 9.78% lower cost than that of the current practice (757,250 baht per year), while ALNS generated a 10.89% (906,750 baht per year) lower cost than that of current practice. Comparing the proposed heuristics, ALNS achieved a 1.01% lower cost than that of DE, as ALNS had a better mechanism that was designed to escape from the local optimal.

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Arpini, Bianca Passos, und Rodrigo Alvarenga Rosa. „Planejamento da logística de suprimento de plataformas Offshore por meio de um modelo matemático 2L-CVRP com frota heterogênea e equilíbrio náutico“. TRANSPORTES 23, Nr. 4 (09.11.2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v23i4.920.

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No Brasil a exploração de petróleo ocorre, sobretudo, no mar onde são implantadas plataformas offshore que estão distantes da costa. Logo, é fundamental planejar a logística de suprimento por meio de navios. Este artigo propõe um modelo matemático de Programação Linear Inteira Mista denominado Weight Balance Two-Dimensional Loading Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (WB2L-HFVRP) aplicado ao planejamento da logística de suprimento de plataformas offshore visando a criação de rotas que considerem o equilíbrio náutico e a melhor arrumação das cargas no convés. Este modelo se diferencia por considerar frota heterogênea e utilizar uma função objetivo que visa minimizar o número de navios, a distância navegada e a diferença entre os pesos distribuídos entre os bordos do navio para manter o equilíbrio náutico. Testou-se o modelo em instâncias baseadas em dados reais da Petrobras no CPLEX 12.6 e alcançou-se uma redução de até 25% em relação à distância real navegada.

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KIM, Injune, Hwan-Gyu KIM, Hyun KIM, Hong-Hee KIM, Sung Kwang PARK, Chang-Sub UHM, Zang Hee LEE und Gou Young KOH. „Hepatic expression, synthesis and secretion of a novel fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein that prevents endothelial-cell apoptosis“. Biochemical Journal 346, Nr. 3 (07.03.2000): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3460603.

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Using degenerate PCR we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel 406- and 410-amino acid protein from human and mouse embryonic cDNAs and have designated it ‘hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein’ (HFARP). The N-terminal and C-terminal portions of HFARP contain the characteristic coiled-coil domains and fibrinogen-like domains that are conserved in angiopoietins. In human and mouse tissues, HFARP mRNA is specifically expressed in the liver. HFARP mRNA and protein are mainly present in the hepatocytes. HFARP has a highly hydrophobic region at the N-terminus that is typical of a secretory signal sequence and one consensus glycosylation site. Recombinant HFARP expressed in COS-7 cells is secreted and glycosylated. HFARP protein is present not only in the hepatocytes, but also in the circulating blood. Recombinant HFARP acts as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells, but does not bind to Tie1 or Tie2 (endothelial-cell tyrosine kinase receptors). These results suggest that HFARP may exert a protective function on endothelial cells through an endocrine action.

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Jilcott Pitts, Stephanie, Qiang Wu, Kimberly Truesdale, Lindsey Haynes-Maslow, Jared McGuirt, Alice Ammerman, Ronny Bell und Melissa Laska. „One-Year Follow-Up Examination of the Impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program on Healthy Food Availability, Purchases, and Consumption“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, Nr. 12 (28.11.2018): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122681.

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We examined the short-term impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), a legislatively appropriated bill providing funding up to $25,000 to small food retailers for equipment to stock and promote healthier foods, on store-level availability and purchase of healthy foods and beverages, as well as customer dietary patterns, one year post-policy implementation. We evaluated healthy food availability using a validated audit tool, purchases using customer bag-checks, and diet using self-reported questionnaires and skin carotenoid levels, assessed via Veggie Meter™, a non-invasive tool to objectively measure fruit and vegetable consumption. Difference-in-difference analyses were used to examine changes in HFSRP stores versus control stores after 1 year. There were statistically significant improvements in healthy food supply scores (availability), with the Healthy Food Supply HFS score being −0.44 points lower in control stores and 3.13 points higher in HFSRP stores pre/post HFSRP (p = 0.04). However, there were no statistically significant changes in purchases or self-reported consumption or skin carotenoids among customers in HFSRP versus control stores. Additional time or other supports for retailers (e.g., marketing and promotional materials) may be needed for HFSRP implementation to influence purchase and consumption.

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Ali, Afsar, Mohammed H. Rashid und David K. R. Karaolis. „High-Frequency Rugose Exopolysaccharide Production by Vibrio cholerae“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, Nr. 11 (November 2002): 5773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.11.5773-5778.2002.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae can shift to a “rugose” phenotype, thereby producing copious exopolysaccharide (EPS), which promotes its environmental survival and persistence. We report conditions that promote high-frequency rugose EPS production (HFRP), whereby cells switch at high frequency (up to 80%) to rugose EPS production. HFRP appeared to be more common in clinical strains, as HFRP was found in 6 of 19 clinical strains (32%) (including classical, El Tor, and non-O1 strains) but in only 1 of 16 environmental strains (6%). Differences were found between strains in rugose colony morphology, conditions promoting HFRP, the frequency of rugose-to-smooth (R-S) cell reversion, and biofilm formation. We propose that rugose EPS and HFRP provide an evolutionary and adaptive advantage to specific epidemic V. cholerae strains for increased persistence in the environment.

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Zeng, Lingmin, und Hugo F. Franzen. „The crystal structure of HfZrP“. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 270, Nr. 1-2 (Mai 1998): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(98)00522-2.

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Siriluk, Sanyawit, Qudeer Hussain, Winyu Rattanapitikon und Amorn Pimanmas. „Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with HFRP Composite“. Materials Science Forum 860 (Juli 2016): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.860.152.

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This paper presents an experimental study on the strengthening of scaled reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam using hemp fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) composite. HFRP is the composite material which compose of hemp fiber bonding with epoxy resin. The major benefit of using hemp fiber is that their low price, high toughness, and hemp is natural fiber product which that can be found locally. In this study 2 different fiber orientation has been apply to scaled deep beam and also different in thickness (fiber layer). Three scaled deep beam were strengthened using HFRP composite, remaining one beam was tested as control (unstrengthen) beam. The test result show that HFRP composite are effective to enhance ultimate load capacity for RC beam. The HFRP composite applied in U-Shape was result into higher ultimate load compare with the sample that applied with both side strengthen method

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Mayookh Lal, Hiran, Guijun Xian, Sabu Thomas, Lei Zhang, Zhonghui Zhang und Huili Wang. „Experimental Study on the Flexural Creep Behaviors of Pultruded Unidirectional Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Bars“. Materials 13, Nr. 4 (21.02.2020): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040976.

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Unidirectional pultruded glass/carbon hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP) bars with a diameter of 19 mm have recently been developed for various structural applications. In this study, the creep behavior of HFRP bars caused by bending was experimentally evaluated under different conditions. Our creep study included freeze–thaw preconditioned and unconditioned HFRP bars. The rate of strain and deflection were monitored continuously for a duration of 5000 h. The bars were further tested for creep under the combined effects of mechanical loading and induced thermal cycles, while continuously monitoring the strain rate. Stress levels of 50% to 70% were selected for our creep study. The creep behavior of the bars was analyzed utilizing Findley’s power-law model. On the basis of the linear approximation of Findley’s power law, modulus reductions of approximately 21%, 19%, and 10.75% were calculated for combined freeze–thaw/creep-loaded, freeze–thaw pretreated, and unconditioned HFRP bars, respectively, over a service period of 50 y. The time-dependent deflection of HFRP bars was analyzed by coupling Findley’s power-law model with Euler Bernoulli’s beam theory. The creep deflection intensified by 26.6% and 11.1% for preconditioned and untreated bars, respectively, after a service period of 50 y. The microstructures of HFRP bars was also examined utilizing scanning electron microscopy.

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Urbański, Marek. „Compressive Strength of Modified FRP Hybrid Bars“. Materials 13, Nr. 8 (17.04.2020): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081898.

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A new type of HFRP hybrid bars (hybrid fiber reinforced polymer) was introduced to increase the rigidity of FRP reinforcement, which was a basic drawback of the FRP bars used so far. Compared to the BFRP (basalt fiber reinforced polymer) bars, modification has been introduced in HFRP bars consisting of swapping basalt fibers with carbon fibers. One of the most important mechanical properties of FRP bars is compressive strength, which determines the scope of reinforcement in compressed reinforced concrete elements (e.g., column). The compression properties of FRP bars are currently ignored in the standards (ACI, CSA). The article presents compression properties for HFRP bars based on the developed compression test method. Thirty HFRP bars were tested for comparison with previously tested BFRP bars. All bars had a nominal diameter of 8 mm and their nonanchored (free) length varied from 50 to 220 mm. Test results showed that the ultimate compressive strength of nonbuckled HFRP bars as a result of axial compression is about 46% of the ultimate strength. In addition, the modulus of elasticity under compression does not change significantly compared to the modulus of elasticity under tension. A linear correlation of buckling load strength was proposed depending on the free length of HFRP bars.

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Protchenko, Kostiantyn, Fares Zayoud, Marek Urbański und Elżbieta Szmigiera. „Tensile and Shear Testing of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) and Hybrid Basalt/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (HFRP) Bars“. Materials 13, Nr. 24 (21.12.2020): 5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245839.

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The use of sustainable materials is a challenging issue for the construction industry; thus, Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is of interest to civil and structural engineers for their lightweight and high-strength properties. The paper describes the results of tensile and shear strength testing of Basalt FRP (BFRP) and Hybrid FRP (HFRP) bars. The combination of carbon fibers and basalt fibers leads to a more cost-efficient alternative to Carbon FRP (CFRP) and a more sustainable alternative to BFRP. The bars were subjected to both tensile and shear strength testing in order to investigate their structural behavior and find a correlation between the results. The results of the tests done on BFRP and HFRP bars showed that the mechanical properties of BFRP bars were lower than for HFRP bars. The maximum tensile strength obtained for a BFRP bar with a diameter of 10 mm was equal to approximately 1150 MPa, whereas for HFRP bars with a diameter of 8 mm, it was higher, approximately 1280 MPa. Additionally, better results were obtained for HFRP bars during shear testing; the average maximum shear stress was equal to 214 MPa, which was approximately 22% higher than the average maximum shear stress obtained for BFRP bars. However, HFRP bars exhibited the lowest shear strain of 57% that of BFRP bars. This confirms the effectiveness of using HFRP bars as a replacement for less rigid BFRP bars. It is worth mentioning that after obtaining these results, shear testing can be performed instead of tensile testing for future studies, which is less complicated and takes less time to prepare than tensile testing.

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Chun, Qing, und Jian Wu Pan. „Experimental Study on Bending Behavior of Timber Beams Reinforced with CFRP/AFRP Hybrid FRP Sheets“. Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (Mai 2011): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.728.

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Based on the experiment of timber rectangle beams made of pine and fir reinforced with CFRP/AFRP hybrid FRP (HFRP) sheets. The failure modes and bending bearing capacity and load-deflection curves and strain distribution at mid-span section were analyzed. The results showed that: Comparing with the specimens without being reinforced by HFRP, there is certain improvement in bending bearing capacity and stiffness of the specimens reinforced with HFRP respectively. Bending bearing capacity of the pine specimens improve 18.1%~62.0% and bending bearing capacity of the fir specimens improve 7.7%~29.7%. Stiffness of the pine specimens improve 13%~21%, and stiffness of the fir specimens improve 6%~10%. Based on the experimental data, the computing formulas of bending bearing capacity of timber rectangle beams made of pine and fir reinforced with HFRP were presented.

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Szmigiera, E. D., K. Protchenko, M. Urbański und A. Garbacz. „Mechanical Properties of Hybrid FRP Bars and Nano-Hybrid FRP Bars“. Archives of Civil Engineering 65, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe paper describes the recent developments of Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (HFRP) and nano-Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (nHFRP) bars. Hybridization of less expensive basalt fibres with carbon fibres leads to more sustainable alternative to Basalt-FRP (BFRP) bars and more economically-efficient alternative to Carbon-FRP (CFRP) bars. The New-Developed HFRP bars were subjected to tensile axial loading to investigate its structural behaviour. The effect of hybridization on tensile properties of HFRP bars was verified experimentally by comparing the results of tensile test of HFRP bars with non-hybrid BFRP bars. It is worth to mention that the difference in obtained strength characteristics between analytical and numerical considerations was very small, however the obtained results were much higher than results obtained experimentally. Authors suggested that lower results obtained experimentally can be explained by imperfect interphase development and therefore attempted to improve the chemical cohesion between constituents by adding nanosilica particles to matrix consistency.

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Protchenko, Kostiantyn, Elżbieta Szmigiera, Marek Urbański und Andrzej Garbacz. „Development of Innovative HFRP Bars“. MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604087.

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The main factors determining the choice of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are the intended use of the designed structure and the environmental conditions in which it will be located. Currently, the FRP-based materials have a variety of applications in the construction industry, from the secondary structural elements of buildings, to a complicated designs, where the only FRPs were used. The advances in FRP technology have spurred interest in introducing innovative hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer (HFRP), which potentially can be used as reinforcing/enhancing material. This paper describes the investigation on newly-developed hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer HFRP bars, which were created by modification of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer BFRP bars in terms of physical substituting of the certain amount of basalt fibers by the part of carbon fibers. Modification is aimed at achieving of better properties in obtained material and simultaneously ensuring cost-effectiveness concept. The investigation includes the preparation and numerical considerations on HFRP bars as well as first attempts of experimental structural testing of innovative HFRP bars.

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Guo, Yong Chang, und J. H. Xie. „Interface Properties of Cracked RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed Hybrid FRP - Part I: Crack Height“. Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (Dezember 2010): 3673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3673.

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This study is the first part of investigation into the interfacial mechanics performances of cracked reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with prestressed hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP). Finite element (FE) analysis models were established for such beams with different concrete crack height in this paper. The analysis results indicate that the existing of the flexural cracks obviously affect the stress distribution in the interface between concrete and HFRP, and a sudden change of the stress would arise at the cracks. For cracked RC beams strengthened with prestressed HFRP, both the shearing stress and normal stress of the adhesive layer and fiber sheet are much larger than those without cracks, and the growth rate increases with the crack height.

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ZENG, L., und H. F. FRANZEN. „ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of HfZrP.“ ChemInform 29, Nr. 36 (19.06.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199836026.

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Deng, Zong-cai, und Jiu-ling Qu. „The Experimental Studies on Behavior of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Confined by Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubes“. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/201289.

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This paper conducts axial compression test of ultrahigh performance concrete- (UHPC-) filled hybrid FRP (HFRP) tubes, using the alternating hybrid technology to improve the deformation capacity of FRP tube and measure the axial compressive responses of ultimate strength, strains, and stress-strain curve of confined specimens. The test results show that the local rupture of HFRP tubes did not lead to explosive failure of UHPC cylinder, and its ductility is better than that of UHPC confined by only one type of FRP tube; HFRP tube can effectively improve the compressive strength and ultimate strain of UHPC specimens; the stress-strain curves divide into three distinct regions: linear phase, transition phase, and linear strengthening phase. None of the models provided a reasonable prediction for strength and strain of HFRP-confined UHPC specimen; therefore, a new ultimate strength and strain perdition model considering the confinement effectiveness of different hybrid FRP series was proposed. The new proposed model presented the best fitting results. The stress-strain responses predicted by the existing models are all below the experimental curves; therefore, a new three-stage constitutive model was proposed, which relatively fits the test curves better than the existing models.

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Maoinser, Mohd Azuwan, Faiz Ahmad, Safian Shariff und Tze Keong Woo. „Effects of Twist Drill Point Angle on Thrust Force and Delamination Factor in Hybrid Fiber Composites Drilling“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (Juni 2014): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.501.

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Drill point angle of twist drill has a significant effect on thrust force and delamination factor on drilled holes in fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In this study, three drill point angle of twist drill; 85°, 118° and 135° were used to drill holes in hybrid fiber reinforced polymeric composite (HFRP). HFRP composites were fabricated using vacuum infusion molding (VIM) technique. The test samples were cured at 90°C for two hours. In drilling process various drill point angle and feed rate were employed to investigate the effect of both parameters on thrust force and delamination factor when drilling the HFRP composite. The results showed that small drill point angle and low feed rate can reduce the thrust force leading to the reduction of damage factor at the holes entrance and exit.

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Johnson, LeeAnn K., Mary B. Brown, Ethan A. Carruthers, John A. Ferguson, Priscilla E. Dombek und Michael J. Sadowsky. „Sample Size, Library Composition, and Genotypic Diversity among Natural Populations of Escherichia coli from Different Animals Influence Accuracy of Determining Sources of Fecal Pollution“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, Nr. 8 (August 2004): 4478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4478-4485.2004.

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ABSTRACT A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique (HFERP) was developed and evaluated as a means to differentiate human from animal sources of Escherichia coli. Box A1R primers and PCR were used to generate 2,466 rep-PCR and 1,531 HFERP DNA fingerprints from E. coli strains isolated from fecal material from known human and 12 animal sources: dogs, cats, horses, deer, geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. HFERP DNA fingerprinting reduced within-gel grouping of DNA fingerprints and improved alignment of DNA fingerprints between gels, relative to that achieved using rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting. Jackknife analysis of the complete rep-PCR DNA fingerprint library, done using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, indicated that animal and human isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with an 82.2% average rate of correct classification. However, when only unique isolates were examined, isolates from a single animal having a unique DNA fingerprint, Jackknife analysis showed that isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with a 60.5% average rate of correct classification. The percentages of correctly classified isolates were about 15 and 17% greater for rep-PCR and HFERP, respectively, when analyses were done using the curve-based Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, rather than the band-based Jaccard algorithm. Rarefaction analysis indicated that, despite the relatively large size of the known-source database, genetic diversity in E. coli was very great and is most likely accounting for our inability to correctly classify many environmental E. coli isolates. Our data indicate that removal of duplicate genotypes within DNA fingerprint libraries, increased database size, proper methods of statistical analysis, and correct alignment of band data within and between gels improve the accuracy of microbial source tracking methods.

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Wu, Zhi Yun, und Rui Fang Ni. „Experimentally Study on Mechanical Behavior of CF and GF Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Plastics“. Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1082.

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The multiaxial warp-knit fabrics of glass fiber or carbon fiber as the structure materials have widely applied to many industries. In this study, in order to combined the advantages of these two fibers, glass fiber and carbon fiber were employed as reinforcement materials in RIMR 135 epoxy resins, and hybrid composites were formed. The tensile behavior of hybrid fiber-reinforced plastics (HFRP) were compared with CFRP and GFRP on the longitudinal orientation . The results suggested that HFRP was high tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology of damaged surfaces. The micrographs revealed that CF and GF maintained their own tension behavior in the hybrid composite materials as well in the neat FRP materials. The hybrid effect of HFRP was investigated by the hybrid theory, which was compared to the experimental results. It was confirmed that the tensile behavior of the hybrid composite materials matched the plus hybrid effect.

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MirHassani, S. A., und Z. Saadati. „A reactive adaptive memory metaheuristic for solving HFFVRP“. Production & Manufacturing Research 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 805–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2014.955215.

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Złotowska, Magdalena, Roman Nagórski, Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski und Paweł Tutka. „Flexible pavement rehabilitation with continuously reinforced concrete slab with HFRP bars - mechanistic analysis“. MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926205019.

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Asphalt road pavements are subject to damage under the influence of loads from the traffic of vehicles and of the environmental factors. One of the ways to strengthen damaged flexible pavements is to apply a cement concrete overlay with continuous reinforcement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the road structure with concrete overlay with continuous reinforcement HFRP composite bars, which is laid on the existing cracked asphalt layers of a typical flexible road of KR3 traffic category. In HFRP bars some of the basalt fibers have been replaced with carbon fibers with the addition of resin binders. This do the possibility of making concrete slabs with increased resistance for environmental aggression, with good mechanical properties, which is especially important in the case of road constructions. An analysis of fatigue life of the strengthened asphalt pavement with a concrete slab with continuous reinforcement of HFRP bars was carried out, implementing the mechanistic model of the pavement structure. The stress analysis in the structure under the action of static loading was determined by the Finite Element Method using the Abaqus/Standard program. The maximum value of stress caused by temperature gradient in the concrete slab was calculated from the Westergaard’s formula for infinite slab. It has been shown that strengthening the analyzed road pavement with a continuous reinforcement is a technology that ensures an increase in fatigue life and reinforcement with HFRP bars further increases durability due to the negative impact of environmental factors.

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Saha, Abir, Santosh Kumar, Divya Zindani und Sumit Bhowmik. „Micro-mechanical analysis of the pineapple-reinforced polymeric composite by the inclusion of pineapple leaf particulates“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, Nr. 5 (01.02.2021): 1112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420721990851.

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The present study is focused on investigating the effect of the micro-mechanical properties of the natural fiber- (pineapple leaf fiber) reinforced polymeric composites by the addition of pineapple leaf micro-particulates. For the investigation, a two-step approach has been used. In the first step, finite element method-based analysis has been used to characterize the tensile and shear properties of the pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRP) and pineapple paticulate-reinforced polymeric composites (PRC), and the adopted finite element method-based analysis has been validated through the experimental approach. In the second step, the validated finite element method-based analysis has been used to characterize the micro-mechanical properties of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (HFRP) fabricated using the pineapple leaf micro-particle embedded epoxy as a matrix material and the pineapple leaf fiber has been used as reinforcing material. It has been observed through the analysis that the micro-mechanical properties of HFRP were superior to that of FRP. There has been a 10.16% increment in Young’s modulus in the longitudinal direction and a 26.36% increment in Young’s modulus in the transverse direction for HFRP over FRP. Further, a 9.91% increment for in-plane shear modulus and 26.17% increment in outer-plane shear modulus have been observed for HFRP in comparison to FRP. These results suggest that pineapple leaf particulates are good reinforcing materials to enhance the transverse direction and outer plane micro-mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite.

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Pan, Jian Wu, und Xi Gui Yuan. „Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets“. Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (Februar 2012): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.238.

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A new type of intermingled basalt hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (BHFRP) sheets were weaved with basalt/carbon(B/C) fiber, or basalt/aramid(B/A) fiber. The ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and ductility were studied by experiment, and the mixture ratio on the performance was analyzed based on experimental results. The results showed that: compared B/A HFRP to B/C HFRP, B1A1 had better ductility, but low tensile strength; B2C1 had higher tensile strength and better ductility. Finally, scanning electron microscope was using to study the microscopic structure of fracture surface.

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Pan, Jian Wu. „Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Timber Columns Strengthened with Carbon-Aramid Hybrid FRP Sheets under Axial Compression“. Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (Mai 2011): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.723.

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Based on the experiment of timber circular columns made of pine and fir confined by carbon-aramid hybrid FRP (HFRP) sheets under axial compression, the failure modes, axial bearing capacities, peak compression strains were analyzed. The results showed that: Compared to the unconfined specimens, the axial bearing capacities and peak compression strains of the specimens confined by HFRP sheets were all improved. Axial bearing capacities of pine and fir specimens improved 6.6％～16.8％ and 5.0％～16.9％,respectively. Peak compression strains of pine and fir specimens improved 8.9％～60.2％ and 11.5％～56.8％, respectively.

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Radziszewski, Piotr, Wioletta Jackiewicz-Rek, Michał Sarnowski und Marek Urbański. „Fortification of Damaged Asphalt Pavements with Cement Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Next-Gen Bars – Part I: Laboratory Study“. Archives of Civil Engineering 64, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0030.

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AbstractOver the course of operation, asphalt road pavements are subjected to damage from car traffic loads and environmental factors. One of the possible methods of strengthening damaged asphalt pavements may be the application of an additional rigid layer in the form of a cement concrete slab with continuous reinforcement.This paper presents a material-technological and structural solution for composite pavement where a cement concrete slab with continuous HFRP bar reinforcement is used for strengthening. Based on laboratory tests, the serviceability of composite bar reinforcement of rigid pavement slabs was shown. A design for strengthening asphalt pavement with a concrete slab with steel bar and corresponding HFRP bar reinforcement was developed. The composition of a pavement cement concrete mix was designed, and experimental sections were formed. Based on laboratory tests of samples collected from the surfaces of experimental sections and the diagnostic tests carried out in “in situ” conditions, the authors will try, in the nearest future (Part II: In situ observations and tests), to confirm the effectiveness of strengthening asphalt pavements with cement concrete slabs with HFRP components.

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Protchenko, K., M. Salha, M. Urbański und P. Narloch. „Compressive Properties of BFRP and HFRP Bars“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1015, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1015/1/012091.

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32

Yang, You-long, Jin-wei Liu und Guang-jing Xiong. „Flexural behavior of wood beams strengthened with HFRP“. Construction and Building Materials 43 (Juni 2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.029.

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33

Kalita, Jiban Jyoti, Kalyan Kumar Singh, Nisha Sharma und Anshul Jain. „Comparative study of tribological behavior of MWCNTs filled HFRP and unfilled HFRP composites under different sliding parameters and different sliding environment“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 455 (19.12.2018): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/455/1/012001.

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34

Protchenko, Kostiantyn, und Elżbieta Szmigiera. „Post-Fire Characteristics of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Hybrid FRP Bars“. Materials 13, Nr. 5 (10.03.2020): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051248.

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One of the main concerns of experimental and numerical investigations regarding the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) members is their fire resistance to elevated temperatures and structural performance at and after fire exposure. However, the data currently available on the behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced members related to elevated temperatures are scarce, specifically relating to the strength capacity of beams after being subjected to elevated temperatures. This paper investigates the residual strength capacity of beams strengthened internally with various (FRP) reinforcement types after being subjected to high temperatures, reflecting the conditions of a fire. The testing was made for concrete beams reinforced with three different types of FRP bars: (i) basalt-FRP (BFRP), (ii) hybrid FRP with carbon and basalt fibers (HFRP) and (iii) nano-hybrid FRP (nHFRP), with modification of the epoxy matrix of the rebar. Tested beams were first loaded at 50% of their ultimate strength capacity, then unloaded before being heated in a furnace and allowed to cool, and finally reloaded flexurally until failure. The results show an atypical behavior observed for HFRP bars and nHFRP bars reinforced beams, where after a certain temperature threshold the deflection began to decrease. The authors suggest that this phenomenon is connected with the thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon fibers present in HFRP and nHFRP bars and therefore creep can appear in those fibers, which causes an effect of “prestressing” of the beams.

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Pan, Jianwu, Xian Wang und Fang Wu. „Strengthening of Precast RC Frame to Mitigate Progressive Collapse by Externally Bonded CFRP Sheets Anchored with HFRP Anchors“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (27.12.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8098242.

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Currently, the robustness of precast reinforced concrete frames is attracting wide attention. However, avoiding “strong beams and weak columns” during strengthening against progressive collapse is a key problem. To discuss this problem, an experimental study on two 1/2-scale precast frame subassemblages under a pushdown loading regime was carried out in this paper. One specimen was strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets on the beam sides. The middle parts of the CFRP sheets were anchored with hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer (HFRP) anchors. Another specimen was not strengthened. The failure mechanisms, failure modes, and strengthening effect are discussed. The strengthening effect is very obvious in the early catenary action stage. No shearing failure develops on HFRP anchors, which proves that the anchoring method is effective. Based on the experimental results, analytical models and preventive strengthening design and construction measures to mitigate progressive collapse of the precast RC frame are proposed.

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Ogrodowska, Karolina, Karolina Łuszcz und Andrzej Garbacz. „The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of hybrid FRP bars applicable for the reinforcing of concrete structures“. MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201029.

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One of the most common causes of the deterioration of concrete structures is the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Reinforcement made from fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is considered to be an attractive substitution for traditional reinforcement. The most popular FRP reinforcing bars are made of glass fibers. Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) is a relatively new material for reinforcing bars. The main drawback of BFRP bars is their low modulus of elasticity. A new type of bar made from hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) in which a proportion of the basalt fibers are replaced with carbon fibers can be considered as a solution to this issue; such a bar is presented in this work. The HFRP bars might be treated as a relatively simple modification to previously produced BFRP bars. A different technical characteristic of the fibre reinforced polymer makes the designing of structures with FRP reinforcement differ from conventional reinforced concrete design. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the differences and limitations of their use in concrete structures, taking into account their material and geometric features. Despite the predominance of FRP composites in such aspects as corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, and significant weight reductions of structures – it is necessary to consider the behavior of FRP composites at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of FRP bars was investigated. Three types of FRP bar were tested: BFRP, HFRP in which 25% of basalt fibers were replaced with carbon fibers and nHFRP in which epoxy resin was additionally modified with a nanosilica admixture. The mechanical properties were determined using ASTM standard testing for transverse shear strength. The tests were performed at -20°C, +20°C, +80°C for three diameters of each types of bar.

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Zhang, Defu, Ruibing Dong, Yain-Whar Si, Furong Ye und Qisen Cai. „A hybrid swarm algorithm based on ABC and AIS for 2L-HFCVRP“. Applied Soft Computing 64 (März 2018): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.12.012.

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38

Xu, Shun De, Li Juan Li und Yong Chang Guo. „Study on Experimental Behavior of Concrete Circular Column Confined by HFRP under Axial Compression“. Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (Januar 2012): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.491.

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A loading comparison experimental study on concrete circular columns confined by hybrid fiber sheets of carbon FRP sheet, basalt FRP sheet, and glass FRP sheet is carried out to analyze their failure feature, bearing capacity, ductility and economy. Test results show that HFRP can increase the ductility of column and deduce the price on the precondition of having enough bearing capacity.

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Maoinser, Mohd Azuwan, Faiz Ahmad und Safian Sharif. „Effects of Cutting Parameters on Hole Integrity when Drilling GFRP and HFRP Composites“. Advanced Materials Research 845 (Dezember 2013): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.960.

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The demand for mechanical fastening in composite materials is increasing due to their potential in large assemblies, aerospace and automotive industries. In practice, small components are integrated into large assemblies drilling holes in composite materials. Drilling defect free holes in composite presents many challenges during part assembly and services. This study presents the effects of cutting parameters used for drilling holes in glass fiber reinforced polymeric (GFRP) composites and hybrid fiber reinforced polymeric (HFRP) composites. Both the composites plates of 3 mm thickness were fabricated using a hand lay-up technique for the purpose of evaluating the effects of parameters on the quality of drilled holes. The holes were drilled using a 5 mm solid carbide twist drill at different spindle speed and feed rate. The quality of holes was assessed with respect to damage factor (Fd) and surface roughness (Ra) of the drilled holes. Results showed that the HFRP composite experienced lower damage factor (Fd) as compared to GFRP composite at lower feed rate or spindle speed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination revealed that the occurrence of delamination, fiber pull-out and matrix cracking was accelerated in the drilled holes at high spindle speed and feed rate.

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BEN, Goichi, Kazuhiro SAKATA und Wataru ISHIDA. „Comparison of Mechanical Properties of HFRTP and HFRP Using Same Fabrics“. Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 41, Nr. 4 (2015): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.41.112.

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41

Zhang, Pu, Hong Zhu, Gang Wu, Shaoping Meng und Zhishen Wu. „Flexural Performance of HFRP-RC Composite T-Beams with Different Interfaces“. Journal of Composites for Construction 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2017): 04016101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000757.

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42

Choi, Yun-Cheul, Hyun-Ki Choi, Dongkeun Lee und Chang Sik Choi. „Shear Strength of Unreinforced Masonry Wall Retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Hybrid Sheet“. International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863057.

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Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of existing historical structures around the world. Recent earthquakes have shown the need for seismic retrofitting for URM structures. Various types of strengthening methods have been used for URM structures. In particular, a strengthening technique using externally bonded (EB) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has attracted engineers since EB FRP materials effectively enhance the shear strength of URM walls with negligible change to cross-sectional area and weight of the walls. Research has been extensively conducted to determine characteristics of URM walls strengthened with EB FRP materials. However, it is still difficult to determine an appropriate retrofitting level due to the complexity of mechanical behavior of strengthened URM walls. In this study, in-plane behavior under lateral loading was, therefore, investigated on a full-scale nonstrengthened URM wall and URM walls retrofitted with two different FRP materials: carbon (CFRP) and hybrid (HFRP) sheets. The test results indicated that both FRP composites were effective in increasing shear strength in comparison with the control specimen. However, better performance was obtained with HFRP compared to CFRP. In addition, an equation for estimating effective strain was proposed, and the theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental ones.

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Yaxin, Huang, Chen Haosen, Zhao Qilin und Liu Yong. „Research on Shear Lag in HFRP Composite I-Beams under Bending Loads“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 29, Nr. 2 (11.11.2008): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684408096429.

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44

Ishii, Satoshi, Winfried B. Ksoll, Randall E. Hicks und Michael J. Sadowsky. „Presence and Growth of Naturalized Escherichia coli in Temperate Soils from Lake Superior Watersheds“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.612-621.2006.

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ABSTRACT The presence of Escherichia coli in water is used as an indicator of fecal contamination, but recent reports indicate that soil populations can also be detected in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate environments. In this study, we report that viable E. coli populations were repeatedly isolated from northern temperate soils in three Lake Superior watersheds from October 2003 to October 2004. Seasonal variation in the population density of soilborne E. coli was observed; the greatest cell densities, up to 3 × 103 CFU/g soil, were found in the summer to fall (June to October), and the lowest numbers, ≤1 CFU/g soil, occurred during the winter to spring months (February to May). Horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that identical soilborne E. coli genotypes, those with ≥92% similarity values, overwintered in frozen soil and were present over time. Soilborne E. coli strains had HFERP DNA fingerprints that were unique to specific soils and locations, suggesting that these E. coli strains became naturalized, autochthonous members of the soil microbial community. In laboratory studies, naturalized E. coli strains had the ability to grow and replicate to high cell densities, up to 4.2 × 105 CFU/g soil, in nonsterile soils when incubated at 30 or 37°C and survived longer than 1 month when soil temperatures were ≤25°C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the growth of naturalized E. coli in nonsterile, nonamended soils. The presence of significant populations of naturalized populations of E. coli in temperate soils may confound the use of this bacterium as an indicator of fecal contamination.

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Cai, Chen Ning, Shan He, Li Na Liu und Shi Kun Ou. „Research on Static Load Tests of Damaged Bridge Strengthened with Pre-Stressed HFRP“. Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (Dezember 2014): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.258.

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Thispaper presents an experimental study to strengthen an existing bridge usingpre-stressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) materials. The method using pre-stressed hybrid fiber reinforced polymer(HFRP) to strengthened structural members is an emerging pre-stressed strengtheningtechnology. In this study, experimental data selected from result of staticloading test conducted to hollow slabs with CFRP/GFRP has been compared with specimenswithout strengthening. Test results showed that the strengthening methoddeveloped in this study could effectively reduce the stress in hollow slab,improving the flexural rigidity and inhibiting the concrete from fracture.

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Guo, Yong Chang, Jian He Xie und Di Liu. „Interface Properties of Cracked RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed Hybrid FRP - Part II: Crack Location“. Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (Mai 2011): 5483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5483.

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This study is the second part of investigation into the interface mechanical performances of cracked reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP). Four cases of difference crack location are considered by establishing finite element analysis models to discuss the effort of crack location on the interface stresses in the strengthened beams. The analysis results indicate that the flexural crack obviously changes the distributing of the interface stresses, and an abrupt increase of the stresses arise at the crack location. Moreover, when the crack location is closer from the interface end, the change rate of the stresses is larger.

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Xu, Shun De, Li Juan Li und Yong Chang Guo. „Study on Experimental Behavior of Concrete Circular Column Confined by HFRP under Axial Compression“. Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (Januar 2012): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.450-451.491.

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48

Yang, Shuai, und Xinsheng Xu. „Finite Element Analysis and Influence Factors of Flexural Behavior of HFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 267 (08.06.2019): 042113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/4/042113.

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49

Zhao, Qilin, Haosen Chen und Bing Yao. „An analytic interfacial stresses solution of simply supported HFRP beam under uniformly distributed loading“. Composite Interfaces 14, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855407779230317.

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50

Wang, Xiaomeng, und Chuwei Zhou. „Numerical investigation for the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with external prestressed HFRP sheets“. Construction and Building Materials 189 (November 2018): 804–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.219.

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