Zeitschriftenartikel: „Heuristic principles“

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WALLACE, RICHARD J. „DETERMINING THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING PERFORMANCE VARIATION IN CSP HEURISTICS“. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 17, Nr. 05 (Oktober 2008): 857–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008004199.

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This paper develops the idea that variable ordering heuristics for CSPs can be characterised in terms of a small number of distinguishable actions or strategies, and that while specific heuristics may be classified differently depending on the problem type, the basic actions that determine their classification are the same. These strategies can be described as building up contention and propagating effects to future, uninstantiated variables. The propagation-of-effects type of action is related to the "simplification hypothesis" of Hooker and Vinay, but since this is only one of two independent actions, this work gives a more complete account of the basis of heuristic performance. The basic technique uses factor analysis to simplify the set of correlations between performance scores for a particular set of problems. The present work shows that the results of this analysis are robust, and that amenability of a problem to one or the other kind of heuristic action is also a robust effect. This approach also elucidates the effectiveness of modern adaptive heuristics by showing that they balance the two kinds of heuristic action, which is known to enhance performance. The two heuristic actions are distinguished by descriptive measures such as depth of failure and depth at which a problem becomes tractable, that reflect differences in rapidity of effects with respect to search depth. Other experiments indicate that the effectiveness of propagation-of-effects depends on the degree to which nonadjacent assignments can interact in the future part of the problem. Extensions to structured problems suggest that the theoretical analysis can be generalised, although the factor analysis of performance becomes more complicated due to the interaction of the basic actions with specific parts of the problem. This work contributes to the goals of explaining heuristic performance and putting heuristic selection on a rational basis.

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Shanklin, Roslyn, Philip Kortum und Claudia Ziegler Acemyan. „Adaptation of Heuristic Evaluations for the Physical Environment“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2020): 1135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641272.

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Previous work has investigated the need for domain specific heuristics. Nielsen’s ten heuristics offer a general list of principles, but those principles may not capture usability issues specific to a given interface. Studies have demonstrated methods to establish a domain specific heuristic set, but very little research has been conducted on interfaces in the physical environment, creating a gap in the state-of-the-art. The research described in this paper aims to address this gap by developing an environmental heuristic set; the heuristic set was developed specifically for the Houston light rail system, METRORail. Following development, the heuristic set was validated against Nielsen’s more general heuristics through several field studies. Results highlighted that there were significantly more usability issues identified when using the environment-based heuristics than the general heuristics. This suggests that domain specific heuristics provide a framework that allows evaluators to capture usability issues particular to the interface of the physical environment.

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Smith, Daniel, Jasmine Granados und Joel Suss. „Evaluating the Comprehensiveness of VR PLAY Guidelines Using Elder Scrolls: Skyrim VR“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, Nr. 1 (November 2019): 2287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631164.

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Heuristic evaluation is a useful tool for non-usability experts to evaluate their product for usability and produce lists of guidelines for product designers to avoid usability problems early in the development process. However, Nielsen’s 10 original us ability heuristics (Nielsen, 1990) only showed to help users find slightly over 50% of the usability problems found by experts. This highlights the need for domain-specific heuristic lists. An example of one of these domain-specific lists is VR PLAY (Desurvire & Kreminski, 2018), a heuristic list to help virtual-reality game developers evaluate their games and adhere to usability principles. The current research evaluated Elder Scrolls: Skyrim VR for usability problems that were then categorized using VR PLAY. Results showed some missing usability principles in VR PLAY, including guidelines for control design, user interface elements, and navigation. This study proposes changes to VR PLAY to include the principles.

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Dowding, Dawn, und Jacqueline Merrill. „The Development of Heuristics for Evaluation of Dashboard Visualizations“. Applied Clinical Informatics 09, Nr. 03 (Juli 2018): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666842.

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Background Heuristic evaluation is used in human–computer interaction studies to assess the usability of information systems. Nielsen's widely used heuristics, first developed in 1990, are appropriate for general usability but do not specifically address usability in systems that produce information visualizations. Objective This article develops a heuristic evaluation checklist that can be used to evaluate systems that produce information visualizations. Principles from Nielsen's heuristics were combined with heuristic principles developed by prior researchers specifically to evaluate information visualization. Methods We used nominal group technique to determine an appropriate final set. The combined existing usability principles and associated factors were distributed via email to a group of 12 informatics experts from a range of health care disciplines. Respondents were asked to rate each factor on its importance as an evaluation heuristic for visualization systems on a scale from 1 (definitely don't include) to 10 (definitely include). The distribution of scores for each item were calculated. A median score of ≥8 represented consensus for inclusion in the final checklist. Results Ten of 12 experts responded with rankings and written comments. The final checklist consists of 10 usability principles (7 general and 3 specific to information visualization) substantiated by 49 usability factors. Three nursing informatics experts then used the checklist to evaluate a vital sign dashboard developed for home care nurses, using a task list designed to explore the full functionality of the dashboard. The experts used the checklist without difficulty, and indicated that it covered all major usability problems encountered during task completion. Conclusion The growing capacity to generate and electronically process health data suggests that data visualization will be increasingly important. A checklist of usability heuristics for evaluating information visualization systems can contribute to assuring high quality in electronic data systems developed for health care.

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Schwering, Angela, Ulf Krumnack, Kai-Uwe Kühnberger und Helmar Gust. „Syntactic principles of heuristic-driven theory projection“. Cognitive Systems Research 10, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.09.002.

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Lindsay, R. O., und Barbara Gorayska. „Consequences of basing ethical judgments on heuristics“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 1996): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042904.

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AbstractBaron assumes that ethical decision-making can be evaluated without specifying more general features of the cognitive system within which it occurs. It is suggested that ethical principles are heuristics employed during goal-oriented action planning. Heuristics are bound to generate suboptimal decisions in some cases. It is rational to replace a particular heuristic only when the cost of associated error exceeds the cost of constructing and installing a more successful alternative.

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Roscoe, Rod D., Stephanie McNicol, K. Raghav Bhat und Scotty D. Craig. „A Heuristic Evaluative Framework for Self-Regulated Learning Design“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2020): 1775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641429.

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Researchers and educators have explored a variety of technologies to facilitate self-regulated learning (SRL). Drawing from contemporary perspectives on SRL, this paper articulates two fundamental design principles for SRL-promoting technologies: the platform principle and the support principle. This paper then discusses how usability inspection methods, such as heuristic evaluations and cognitive walkthroughs, can readily assess whether and how these needs are met. This framework can assist researchers and educators in evaluating technologies to make strategic design and implementation decisions aligned with self-regulation.

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Gál, Peter, Miloš Mrva und Matej Meško. „Heuristics, biases and traps in managerial decision making“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, Nr. 7 (2013): 2117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072117.

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The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the impact of heuristics, biases and psychological traps on the decision making. Heuristics are unconscious routines people use to cope with the complexity inherent in most decision situations. They serve as mental shortcuts that help people to simplify and structure the information encountered in the world. These heuristics could be quite useful in some situations, while in others they can lead to severe and systematic errors, based on significant deviations from the fundamental principles of statistics, probability and sound judgment. This paper focuses on illustrating the existence of the anchoring, availability, and representativeness heuristics, originally described by Tversky & Kahneman in the early 1970’s. The anchoring heuristic is a tendency to focus on the initial information, estimate or perception (even random or irrelevant number) as a starting point. People tend to give disproportionate weight to the initial information they receive. The availability heuristic explains why highly imaginable or vivid information have a disproportionate effect on people’s decisions. The representativeness heuristic causes that people rely on highly specific scenarios, ignore base rates, draw conclusions based on small samples and neglect scope. Mentioned phenomena are illustrated and supported by evidence based on the statistical analysis of the results of a questionnaire.

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Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. „A critique of Levinson’s view of Q- and M-inferences in historical pragmatics“. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, Nr. 1 (08.03.2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.1.02clo.

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In Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Conversational Implicature, Levinson (2000) argues that in historical as well as synchronic work there is need to distinguish three types of pragmatic principles, which he labels the Q-, M-, and I- “heuristics”. This is in contrast to Horn (1984), who argues for two types of “principles”: Q- and R-. In the present paper I argue that the proposed distinction between Q- and M- Heuristics is not necessary or consistently maintainable. Two of Levinson’s examples are considered: the development of anaphora (reflexive -self in English), and constraints on innovations in word formation (e.g. informer/informant). The conclusion is that a single heuristic (Q) is adequate, as proposed by Horn.

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Парфентьєва І. П. und Матвійчук К. О. „ЕТИМОЛОГІЯ ПОНЯТТЯ “ЕВРИСТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД”“. World Science 3, Nr. 8(36) (30.08.2018): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30082018/6078.

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The article deals with the term "heuristics", which in scientific knowledge has the designation as a "method of finding." The author conducts an analysis of scientific literature on the interpretation of heuristics as a scientific concept. Heuristics as an independent science has not been fully formed yet. Despite the large number of scientific papers devoted to questions of heuristics, they usually relate to its particular problems and do not give a clear idea of either the object or subject of heuristics or its status among other sciences. It is suggested that pedagogical heuristics are defined as one of the branches of heuristics, which studies fundamental principles of didactics and the systematic organization of students' heuristic activity in a supervised interaction of a teacher and implements them in general and in vocational education using the system of problem tasks for the purposeful development of intelligence. The main tasks of pedagogical heuristics interact with the tasks of didactics in the qualitative formation of a future specialist. Therefore, pedagogical heuristics in researches use heuristic methods that allow to accelerate the process of solving any problem.

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Schoemaker, Paul J. H. „The quest for optimality: A positive heuristic of science?“ Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00066140.

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AbstractThis paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of one of science's most pervasive and flexible metaprinciples;optimalityis used to explain utility maximization in economics, least effort principles in physics, entropy in chemistry, and survival of the fittest in biology. Fermat's principle of least time involves both teleological and causal considerations, two distinct modes of explanation resting on poorly understood psychological primitives. The rationality heuristic in economics provides an example from social science of the potential biases arising from the extreme flexibility of optimality considerations, including selective search for confirming vidence, ex post rationalization, and the confusion of prediction with explanation. Commentators are asked to reflect on the extent to which optimality is (1) an organizing principle of nature, (2) a set of relatively unconnected techniques of science, (3) a normative principle for rational choice and social organization, (4) a metaphysical way of looking at the world, or (5) something else still.

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Yakovlev, A. A., S. G. Postupaeva, V. N. Grebennikov und N. V. Fedorova. „DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON HEURISTIC MODELING OF THE PHYSICAL OPERATION PRINCIPLE“. IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Nr. 8(243) (28.08.2020): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-8-243-83-86.

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A logical-mathematical model has been developed to represent the physical principles of the operation of technical systems with a fluid and gas working body. Example of modeling a gas turbine twin-shaft installation. Heuristic modification methods for developing improved models of the physical principle of action are proposed.

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Putarek, Vanja, und Vesna Vlahović-Štetić. „Metacognitive Feelings, Conflict Detection and Illusion of Linearity“. Psihologijske teme 28, Nr. 1 (2019): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.28.1.9.

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Studies on conflict detection have suggested that people are sensitive to conflict between their heuristic judgment and logical or probabilistic principles, but due to the inhibition failure, they do not disregard appealing heuristic answer. However, these studies were mostly conducted on syllogistic reasoning and base-rate problems. The question is whether findings about conflict detection can be applied to other materials and areas of reasoning. Current study focused on the illusion of linearity, in which people over-rely on linearity heuristic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether students detect the conflict between heuristic answer and logical/mathematical principles. Participants were 113 secondary school students from Zagreb, Croatia. Data were collected using a computer program, which consisted of instructions, 20 problems (10 linear and 10 non-linear) and sociodemographic questions. Problems were presented randomly in multiple-choice format and had three offered answers (correct answer, distractor, "none of the answers"). Response time for each problem was also measured. Results demonstrated that students mostly solved non-linear problems incorrectly and in accordance with linearity heuristic. Furthermore, the analysis of metacognitive feelings of confidence and difficulty revealed that students detected conflict between heuristic answer and mathematical principles. Moreover, overriding heuristic answer and generating correct answer to non-linear problems resulted in increased response time. Comparison between metacognitive feelings and response time in linear and non-linear problems indicates the importance of processing fluency and inhibition failure in the occurrence of the illusion of linearity.

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Walczak, Steven, und Narciso Cerpa. „Heuristic principles for the design of artificial neural networks“. Information and Software Technology 41, Nr. 2 (Januar 1999): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-5849(98)00116-5.

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Silvis, Isabel Mariann, Theo J. D. Bothma und Koos J. W. de Beer. „Evaluating the usability of the information architecture of academic library websites“. Library Hi Tech 37, Nr. 3 (16.09.2019): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2017-0151.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated list of heuristics and an information architecture (IA) framework for the heuristic evaluation of the IA of academic library websites as well as an evaluation framework with practical steps on how to conduct the evaluation.Design/methodology/approachA set of 14 heuristics resulted from an integration of existing usability principles from authorities in the field of usability. A review of IA literature resulted in a framework for dividing academic library websites into six dialogue elements. The resulting heuristics were made applicable to academic library websites through the addition of recommendations based on a review of 20 related studies.FindingsThis study provides heuristics, a framework and workflow guidelines that can be used by the various evaluators of academic library websites, i.e. library staff, web developers and usability experts, to provide recommendations for improving its usability.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus of the usability principles is the evaluation of the IA aspects of websites and therefore does not provide insights into accessibility or visual design aspects.Originality/valueThe main problem that is addressed by this study is that there are no clear guidelines on how to apply existing usability principles for the evaluation of the IA of academic library websites.

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Suokas, Juho. „TESTING USABILITY METHODS IN TRANSLATION COURSES: PERSONAS AND HEURISTIC EVALUATION“. CURRENT TRENDS IN TRANSLATION TEACHING AND LEARNING E 7 (21.12.2020): 4–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51287/cttl_e_2020_2_juho_suokas.

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To make translations better suited for specific target audiences, Suojanen et al. (2015) have suggested applying methods of user-centered translation (UCT). This study examines user-centered translation as part of university translation courses. The aim is to examine how translation students experience using two UCT methods: personas and heuristic evaluation. The students produced written comments during courses where the methods were applied. The student experience was examined by using the principles of qualitative content analysis. The analysis suggests that the methods have benefits for such matters as better understanding of the target audience and a more systematic process of evaluation. However, the methods also have drawbacks, such as the extra time and effort required. The specific heuristics were also found to be problematic to use. User-centered translation has good potential for translator training, but the specific methods require refinement. Keywords: user-centered translation, personas, heuristic evaluation, usability, translator training

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Clough, William R. „Can There Be a Virtuous Society?“ Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 19, Nr. 1 (2007): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2007191/29.

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"Virtue* can be difficult to define usefully. It can be described in ideal terms, like love or justice; principles like doing no harm; or specific acts, such as telling the truth. However, ideals and principles require definition in practice, in specific terms like "tell the truth," while specific rules need refinement and exceptions to be fully moral. Getting from the ideal to the real involves forming mental and social rules or heuristics. While much has been written about virtue as ideal principles, societal rules, or specific actions, the heuristic process by which virtues are operationalized, the real and the ideal harmonized, has been relatively neglected. This essay examines four influential secular hermeneutics, assessing their strengths and weaknesses, along with two religjous ethical traditions, Islam and Christianity. It concludes that a healthy operationalization of virtue requires harmonizing acts with standards and balance in practice.

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Davidovic, Tatjana, Dusan Teodorovic und Milica Selmic. „Bee Colony Optimization - part I: The algorithm overview“. Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 25, Nr. 1 (2015): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor131011017d.

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This paper is an extensive survey of the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) algorithm, proposed for the first time in 2001. BCO and its numerous variants belong to a class of nature-inspired meta-heuristic methods, based on the foraging habits of honeybees. Our main goal is to promote it among the wide operations research community. BCO is a simple, but efficient meta-heuristic technique that has been successfully applied to many optimization problems, mostly in transport, location and scheduling fields. Firstly, we shall give a brief overview of the other meta-heuristics inspired by bees? foraging principles pointing out the differences between them. Then, we shall provide the detailed description of the BCO algorithm and its modifications, including the strategies for BCO parallelization, and giving the preliminary results regarding its convergence. The application survey is elaborated in Part II of our paper.

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Niaz, Mansoor. „Understanding nature of science as progressive transitions in heuristic principles“. Science Education 85, Nr. 6 (2001): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sce.1032.

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Haas, Alois. „Periodic system of functional groups: formalism only or heuristic principles“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, Nr. 11 (01.01.1991): 1577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199163111577.

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Komatsu, Kotaro, und Keith Jones. „Task Design Principles for Heuristic Refutation in Dynamic Geometry Environments“. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 17, Nr. 4 (07.04.2018): 801–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9892-0.

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Halim Khoo, Diyana Binti, Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun und Saiful Izwan Suliman. „Requirements engineering for User-Centered school food ordering system“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp357-364.

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<span>Understanding user requirement for a technology design is central to user experience. A user-centered technology design should consider user needs and constraints as well as abide to the principles of HCI design heuristics. This paper describes the requirements gathering for Kantin Online System, a school food ordering system where we considered the needs and constraints of different stakeholders involved and elicit a compromise where the needs of all parties can be met. We then applied usability heuristics into the system design to facilitate perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. We conclude this paper with experts’ evaluations towards the heuristic elements of the system design concept and possible future work.</span>

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Bastian, Brock. „Can the inherence heuristic explain vitalistic reasoning?“ Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2014): 482–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003658.

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AbstractInherence is an important component of psychological essentialism. By drawing on vitalism as a way in which to explain this link, however, the authors appear to conflate causal explanations based on fixed features with those based on general causal forces. The disjuncture between these two types of explanatory principles highlights potential new avenues for the inherence heuristic.

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Silveira, Emanuela Lima, und Aguinaldo Dos Santos. „Using Heuristics in the Creative Process of Product+Service System (PSS): Example of a case study using Blueprint Matrix“. Strategic Design Research Journal 13, Nr. 2 (29.10.2020): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.132.04.

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The creative process of Sustainable Product + Service Systems (PSSs) that involve a variety of social, economic and environmental elements is a very complex process that can be characterized as a wicked problem. The following study highlights that, currently, the tools used in PSS assist in the system design process but often explore the design process intuitively based on the designer’s experience. When dealing with complex problems it is important to use a more structured design approach, which involves multidisciplinary teams to explore systematic design techniques. In this sense, a method recognized to assist in the process of creating complex systems is the heuristic. The use of heuristics is considered a cognitive strategy that not only accelerates the creative process, but also generates solutions, regardless of spontaneous creativity. In this article, an analysis of the creative potential of heuristics was carried out with the blueprint tool. The research method used included an unsystematic theoretical survey, followed by an exploratory case study. Therefore, it is intended to contribute to the detection of emphases and gaps in the literature and demonstrate through practical application, the interaction of designers with heuristic principles in the creation process of PSSs.

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Singh, Sandeep, und Ashish Nag. „The role of behavioral finance in modern age investment“. Journal of Management and Science 6, Nr. 1 (30.06.2016): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2016.12.

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Decision making process is very complex task that involves various activities like industry and company analysis along with analysis of past performance of individual stocks/assets. Asunder from this, one of the most important factors that influence the individual's investment decision is cognitive illusions. Individual investor‘s behavior is influenced by various heuristic and biases, which are brought to light by the emerging field of behavioral finance. This paper provides aconceptual framework of the various principles of Behavioral Finance including cognitive illusion: Heuristics, Overconfidence, Representativeness, Anchoring, Gambler's Fallacy,Prospect Theory, Loss Aversion, Regret Aversion, Mental Accounting and Disposition Effect.

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Heshi, Kamal Nosrati, und Hassanali Bakhtiyar Nasrabadi. „Role of Logic and Mentality as the Basics of Wittgenstein’s Picture Theory of Language and Extracting Educational Principles and Methods according to this Theory“. International Education Studies 9, Nr. 7 (28.06.2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n7p10.

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<p class="apa">The present paper attempts to recognize principles and methods of education based on Wittgenstein’s picture theory of language. This qualitative research utilized inferential analytical approach to review the related literature and extracted a set of principles and methods from his theory on picture language. Findings revealed that Wittgenstein believed in language as a picture of the real and assumed that the real is reflected in language. He believed that language and mentality are the same and language demonstrates a full picture of mentality. Besides, the world and the language possess a logical structure and this logic rules the world and the language. Later on, his picture theory of language, logic and mentality were used to extract and introduce principles for education as listed here: the reasonability principle, mind involvement principle, matching principle, reasoning principle, creativity principle and formation of mind, comprehensibility principle, liberal thinking principle, and the principle of considering individual differences. Thus, applying the method of concept comprehension, problem oriented method, heuristic method, brainstorming method and finally interactive methods like Socratic question and answer and group discussion method.</p>

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Arazy, Ofer, Rick Kopak und Irit Hadar. „Heuristic Principles and Differential Judgments in the Assessment of Information Quality“. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 18, Nr. 5 (Mai 2017): 403–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00458.

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Berg, Gina, Taylor Shupsky und Kevin Morales. „Resident Identified Violations of Usability Heuristic Principles in Local Electronic Health Records“. Kansas Journal of Medicine 13, Nr. 1 (21.05.2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v13i1.13721.

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Introduction. Difficulties with the electronic health record (EHR) are known to be associated with high physician burnout. Usability studies can evaluate and identify usability issues with the EHR at the end user level. This study was conducted to determine physician perspectives and usability issues of local EHR systems. Methods. Survey and focus group methodology were employed. Participants were resident physicians who were members of a resident council in the Midwest. Survey data collected included demographics and perceptions. Focus group data included participants identification of usability principle violations and potential impact to end user. Results. There were 15 survey respondents (across 11 residency programs) who reported use of three different EHR systems: Cerner®, Meditech, and Computerized Patient Record System (CPRS). Satisfaction was greatest with Cerner® as well as most reported level of experience. Focus group respondents reported a variety of usability violations which lead to provider confusion, increased time, alert fatigue, and potential patient safety issues. Discussion. Violations of usability principles can result in disruption of physician workflow processes and lead to increased documentation time as well as fatigue. These issues have been associated with increased provider burnout. Continuous usability assessments should be conducted at the end user level to promote the development of more effective and efficient EHR interface designs.

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Azizi, Ahmad, Mahmood Maniati, Hadis Ghanbari-Adivi, Zeinab Aghajari, Sedigheh Hashemi, Bahareh Hajipoor, Asma Rabiee Qolami, Maryam Qolami und Amirabbas Azizi. „Usability Evaluation of Hospital Information System According to Heuristic Evaluation“. Frontiers in Health Informatics 10, Nr. 1 (26.03.2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v10i1.271.

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Introduction: There are various applications and health information systems which have been developed to promote the effective retrieval of patient information, statistics, research, and education. Therefore, there is a need to design them in consistency with scientific principles of usability. To this end, the usability of hospital information sub-systems employed at the hospitals of Ahvaz were compared using heuristic evaluation method. The objective of the study was to assess the usability of hospital information system according to heuristic evaluation.Material and Methods: Six trained evaluators, independently determined the ADT subsystem, HIM subsystem, and NIS according to Nielsen’s 10 Heuristic Principles. Since more than half of the hospitals (about 54%) employed Sib application, no specific sampling method was used. After combining the usability problems, the average severity ratings of the problems were calculated, and then the subsystems were compared.Results: The number of the usability problems of the ADT information subsystem, HIM subsystem, and NIS were 40, 39, and 37, respectively. After merging the problems, the features of “user control and freedom” with 20 cases and “flexibility and efficiency of use” with six cases had the highest and the lowest inconsistencies with usability principles. The average severity ratings of the problems also varied between 1.7 and 3.Conclusion: Heuristic evaluation method is regarded as one of the approaches appropriate to identify usability problems in health information systems. Thus, it is advisable to utilize this method to modify the design of the systems and to improve their efficiency before their implementation in order to increase user satisfaction.

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Ismael, Ali K., Iain Grace und Colin J. Lambert. „Connectivity dependence of Fano resonances in single molecules“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, Nr. 9 (2017): 6416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00126f.

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Morrow, Jannay. „Demonstrating the Anchoring-Adjustment Heuristic and the Power of the Situation“. Teaching of Psychology 29, Nr. 2 (April 2002): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2902_11.

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This article presents a technique used to elucidate the anchoring-adjustment heuristic and to integrate the concept with social psychological principles. After drawing a high or low number out of a hat, students estimated the number of yearly stroke-related deaths that occur in the United States. The interaction between type of anchor and familiarity with the heuristic predicted stroke estimates. Class discussion highlighted the power of situational forces, implications of cognitive biases, and methodological issues. Students' pre- and postdemonstration definitions of the anchoring-adjustment heuristic indicated that the demonstration helped them to understand the concept. Students described the demonstration and discussion as informative and enjoyable.

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Korde, U. P., B. C. Bora, K. A. Stelson und D. R. Riley. „Computer-Aided Process Planning for Turned Parts Using Fundamental and Heuristic Principles“. Journal of Engineering for Industry 114, Nr. 1 (01.02.1992): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899756.

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Research on generative computer-aided process planning (CAPP) for turned parts using combined fundamental and heuristic principles is presented. The rationale for the process planning approach is that many preconditions of machining processes can be expressed as a small number of domain principles. The domain is defined by processes and the part description as features for simple turned parts. The motivation is to detect faulty designs early on in the design process. Preliminary designs defined by features are first evaluated using manufacturability rules in a rule-based expert system, developed in LISP. Manufacturability rules are based on feature properties such as accessibility, stability, and critical material thickness. The rules were acquired from design and manufacturing personnel from industry through interviews. Parts that satisfy the manufacturability checks are used to generate all feasible process plans. A search algorithm selects the “best” process plan from the feasible set. Process plans are generated and subsequently optimized using two distinct sets of feasibility and optimality criteria which may be either fundamental or heuristic in nature. The presently incorporated criteria successfully restrict the set of plans to a small number without missing any apparently feasible process plans. Manufacturability evaluation, feasible process plans, and optimal process plans for actual industrial parts have been obtained and compared.

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HAAS, A. „ChemInform Abstract: Periodic System of Functional Groups: Formalism Only or Heuristic Principles“. ChemInform 23, Nr. 8 (22.08.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199208343.

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Krucoff, Mitchell W., Martha A. Croll, James E. Pope, Christopher B. Granger, Karen S. Pieper, Kristina N. Sigmon, Kerry L. Lee und Robert M. Califf. „Heuristic and logistic principles of ST-segment interpretation in the time domain“. Journal of Electrocardiology 23 (Januar 1990): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0736(90)90066-b.

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Huynh, Nathan, Yi-Chang Chiu und Hani S. Mahmassani. „Finding Near-Optimal Locations for Variable Message Signs for Real-Time Network Traffic Management“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-05.

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This study addressed the problem of finding the best locations for portable variable message signs to divert traffic to alternative paths when an incident occurs so that impact on the network is minimized. The study proposed and evaluated a solution procedure for finding such locations in the context of real-time network traffic management. In this context, it was essential that the procedure find the solution to the formulated mathematical program in a relatively short time. The procedure relied on a heuristic to guide the search and a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment program to evaluate the solution. The proposed heuristic combined principles of greedy and drop heuristics. To evaluate the proposed solution procedure, four sets of experiments were conducted on the Fort Worth, Texas, network. The results from the proposed solution procedure are compared with those obtained by other methods—( a) an a priori solution to a stochastic programming formulation, and ( b) the optimal solution with an exact (but slow to execute) procedure. It is found that the solutions obtained from the proposed solution procedure consistently outperform the a priori solutions and that they are consistently within 15% of the optimal solutions.

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Parsons, Melissa, Martin C. Thoms und Joseph E. Flotemersch. „Eight river principles for navigating the science–policy interface“. Marine and Freshwater Research 68, Nr. 3 (2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15336.

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Scientists and policymakers often work together to develop policy about the sustainable use of river ecosystems. River science plays an important role in developing river policy but how can key aspects of river science be conveyed as a heuristic to navigate the interface between river science and river policy? This paper introduces eight principles that encapsulate the key properties of rivers to consider during the development of river policy: (1) rivers are social–ecological systems; (2) river ecosystems provide valuable ecosystem services; (3) tools should support policy development; (4) knowledge of river ecosystems will always be incomplete; (5) social–ecological systems require interdisciplinary perspectives; (6) science is one of many inputs to be considered; (7) heterogeneity and variability are characteristic of river ecosystems; and (8) scale awareness is essential in river ecosystems. Whereas policy challenges are associated with each principle, consideration of principles in the context of the issue at hand may increase the robustness of river policy and enhance the sustainability of river ecosystems. The eight principles are evaluated in relation to the Water Act 2007 and the draft Murray–Darling Basin Plan to demonstrate how the principles can enhance policy development in the area of water allocation.

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Доценко, Серій Ілліч. „ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІ СИСТЕМИ: ПРИНЦИП ЕВРИСТИЧНОЇ САМООРГАНІЗАЦІЇ“. RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, Nr. 1 (28.01.2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2020.1.01.

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The purpose of this study is to compare methods of self-organization for two forms of cybernetic systems, namely: intelligent systems based on the theory of functional systems, as organized whole; automated control systems. Each of these systems can be divided into two parts. Moreover, for intelligent systems, the problem of self-organization is posed as the problem of determining the principle of combining the selected parts into an organized whole. It has been established that the principle of such a combination is the dialectical connection between the results of the tasks being solved in each of the parts. The dialectical connection is realized in the form of a dialectical unity of the concepts of “general” and “single”. It is proposed to consider this principle of combining parts of the intellectual system as the principle of heuristic dialectic self-organization. At the same time, automated control systems are characterized by the division of the system into two parts, namely: the human operator; management object. However, with this approach, each of these parts is considered separately. Therefore, for each of the parts it is proposed to determine its own principle of self-organization. In the course of the study, it was proposed to move on to establishing the principle of self-organization for parts of the intellectual system. At the same time, it is proposed to change the method for solving this problem. If for automated systems it is proposed to first determine the characteristic signs of activity and to propose appropriate heuristics for their processing, then for intelligent systems it is proposed to recognize the principle of heuristic self-organization as a dialectical unity of concepts. The principle of dialectical unity of the concepts of “common” and “single” is proposed to be used to study the mechanisms of self-organization of activities to solve problems in the relevant parts of the intellectual system. The first part of the intellectual system that solves the problem of implementing the established project of the future result is technological activity. An important circumstance, this activity is also divided by us into organizational and technological. It is clear that any process should be organized. Internally. Since we have already chosen the principle of heuristic self-organization, it remains to establish the characteristic features for this form of activity. To reveal the content of factors for this form of activity, we have chosen the concept of “process” and “resource”. Based on this, four forms of factors were established, and dialectic pairs of these factors were formed, for which a model architecture was established for the factor representation of the project of the future result of activity. Studying the technological activities for the implementation of the established project of the future result, we actually solved the problem of forming a model for the project of the future result, which is the result of solving the first problem and is the basis for solving the second problem. It should also be noted that the development of intelligent production control systems for Industry 4.0 is impossible outside the theory of intelligent systems, which in turn is based on the principles of heuristic self-organization.

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Michael, Mike, Brigid Costello, Julie Mooney-Somers und Ian Kerridge. „Manifesto on Art, Design and Social Science—Method as Speculative Event“. Leonardo 48, Nr. 2 (April 2015): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00983.

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The authors propose that techniques from art and design can be used within social science research as part of a speculative methodology and provide a set of heuristic principles for speculative method, characterizing it as processual, performative, playful, promising and propositional.

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Et. al., Alfira Febriyanthi,. „Interface Design Heuristic Evaluation Website Yayasan Kesehatan Telkom“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 4 (10.04.2021): 852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.573.

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The webpage portal is a means of information for companies to introduce company profiles, job vacancies, and their products to the public or its users. Heuristic evaluation (Nielsen 1990) is a method that researchers use to test the usability of a web page portal application. The Heuristic Evaluation Method uses ten Nielsen principles, namely Visibility of system status, match with the real world, user control and freedom, consistency and standard, error prevention, recognition than recall, flexibility and efficiency of use, aesthetic and minimalist design, help user recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors, and Help and documentation. The results of the analysis show that there are only 5 variables that have a significance of less than 0.05. Of the independent variables,

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Atashi, Alireza, Amirabbas Azizi, Ali Dadashi und Reza Khajouei. „User Interface Problems of a Nationwide Inpatient Information System: A Heuristic Evaluation“. Applied Clinical Informatics 07, Nr. 01 (Januar 2016): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2015-07-ra-0086.

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SummaryWhile studies have shown that usability evaluation could uncover many design problems of health information systems, the usability of health information systems in developing countries using their native language is poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of a nationwide inpatient information system used in many academic hospitals in Iran.Three trained usability evaluators independently evaluated the system using Nielsen’s 10 usability heuristics. The evaluators combined identified problems in a single list and independently rated the severity of the problems. We statistically compared the number and severity of problems identified by HIS experienced and non-experienced evaluators.A total of 158 usability problems were identified. After removing duplications 99 unique problems were left. The highest mismatch with usability principles was related to “Consistency and standards” heuristic (25%) and the lowest related to “Flexibility and efficiency of use” (4%). The average severity of problems ranged from 2.4 (Major problem) to 3.3 (Catastrophe problem). The experienced evaluator with HIS identified significantly more problems and gave higher severities to problems (p<0.02).Heuristic Evaluation identified a high number of usability problems in a widely used inpatient information system in many academic hospitals. These problems, if remain unsolved, may waste users’ and patients’ time, increase errors and finally threaten patient’s safety. Many of them can be fixed with simple redesign solutions such as using clear labels and better layouts. This study suggests conducting further studies to confirm the findings concerning effect of evaluator experience on the results of Heuristic Evaluation.

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Van Middelkoop, Manon, Aloys Borgers und Harry Timmermans. „Inducing Heuristic Principles of Tourist Choice of Travel Mode: A Rule-Based Approach“. Journal of Travel Research 42, Nr. 1 (August 2003): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287503254116.

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Meuleman, Bart, Femke Roosma und Koen Abts. „Welfare deservingness opinions from heuristic to measurable concept: The CARIN deservingness principles scale“. Social Science Research 85 (Januar 2020): 102352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102352.

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Frey, Darren, Eric D. Johnson und Wim De Neys. „Individual differences in conflict detection during reasoning“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, Nr. 5 (01.01.2018): 1188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1313283.

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Decades of reasoning and decision-making research have established that human judgment is often biased by intuitive heuristics. Recent “error” or bias detection studies have focused on reasoners’ abilities to detect whether their heuristic answer conflicts with logical or probabilistic principles. A key open question is whether there are individual differences in this bias detection efficiency. Here we present three studies in which co-registration of different error detection measures (confidence, response time and confidence response time) allowed us to assess bias detection sensitivity at the individual participant level in a range of reasoning tasks. The results indicate that although most individuals show robust bias detection, as indexed by increased latencies and decreased confidence, there is a subgroup of reasoners who consistently fail to do so. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for the field.

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Hancock, Gabriella M., Sam S. Anvari, Nicole B. Mok, Aram Ayvazyan, Xiaolu Bai, Kelsey M. McCoy, Matthew T. Nare et al. „A Heuristic Evaluation of Usability for Environmental Control Units’ Eye-Tracking Interfaces at Veterans Affairs Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders Centers“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2020): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641171.

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Heuristic evaluation is a valid method for assessing interface usability. Results derived from these methods are useful in identifying the most impactful design elements influencing usability and user experience of a system. By establishing the features in need of most improvement, designers can more effortful consider their approaches for iterative efforts to improve usability and user experience. This work used established design principles (i.e., Shneiderman’s Golden Rules and Nielsen’s Heuristics) to analyze the inpatient environmental control units deployed at VA Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders (SCI/D) Centers to assist with task completion, foster independence, and improve the quality of life in veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders. Analyses revealed many usability issues in the current interface, varying in severity from minor to catastrophic. Specific design recommendations to address these issues are provided.

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Marzuoli, Annalisa, und Dario Merzi. „Conformal variations and quantum fluctuations in discrete gravity“. International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, Nr. 06 (15.06.2016): 1650084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816500845.

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After an overview of variational principles for discrete gravity, and on the basis of the approach to conformal transformations in a simplicial PL setting proposed by Luo and Glickenstein, we present at a heuristic level an improved scheme for addressing the gravitational (Euclidean) path integral and geometrodynamics.

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Kuts, Halyna. „CLASSICAL CONSERVATISM AS A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY: DOMINANT IDEAS AND HEURISTIC POTENTIAL“. Politology bulletin, Nr. 81 (2018): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.81.91-97.

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The purpose of this article is to identify the dominant ideas of the discourse of classical conservatism as a political ideology, which are applicable in the modern political and ideological process. The article presents the consideration of the ideology of conservatism in comparison with other classical ideologies (liberalism and socialism) and highlighted the key features of conservatism. The methodological basis of the article was the set of scientific and special methods of political science. The research methodology is based, in particular, on such scientific principles as the unity of historical and logical, the ascent from the Abstract to the concrete, objectivity, consistency, principles of analysis and synthesis and the like. Using system method the analysis of conservatism as a whole system with a complex structure. In the context of the comparative method, we carried out the selection of the dominant ideas of the discourse of conservatism. In particular, using comparativistic approach highlighted the basic criteria of the distinction between conservatism and other classical political ideologies (I.Wallerstein, K.Manheim, F.A. von Hayek, etc. ). In the ideological field of conservatism — despite the powerful Arsenal of fundamental principles — ably offers a conceptual «recipes» that are composed of ideas, which are able to optimally adapt on the specific historical and political realities. That is, even today, the ideas of conservatism inherent in heuristic potential. In particular, the ideas of the evolutionary interpretation of social progress; the sharp rejection of the radical actions and extremism; awareness of the importance of the irrational components in public life and lack of desire to fix it by administrative measures, etc. in addition, it is understood that private property is inviolable. Conservatism attaches great importance to the spontaneously established institutions (for example, language, morality, customs, values, etc. ). Also very interesting are the ideas about what you should not place undue worry problem the required leverage limit managerial power. According to conservatives, more importance should be given to entities that will use them.

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Perkins, A. D., K. J. Waldron und P. J. Csonka. „Heuristic control of bipedal running: steady-state and accelerated“. Robotica 29, Nr. 6 (15.03.2011): 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574711000166.

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SUMMARYThe design, control, and actuation of legged robots that walk is well established, but there remain unsolved problems for legged robots that run. In this work, dynamic principles are used to develop a set of heuristics for controlling bipedal running and acceleration. These heuristics are then converted into control laws for two very different bipedal systems: one with a high-inertia torso and prismatic knees and one with a low-inertia torso, articulated knees, and mechanical coupling between the knee and ankle joints. These control laws are implemented in simulation to achieve stable steady-state running, accelerating, and decelerating. Stable steady-state running is also achieved in a planar experimental system with a semiconstrained torso.

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Rao, J. R., und P. Y. Papalambros. „PRIMA: A Production-Based Implicit Elimination System for Monotonicity Analysis of Optimal Design Models“. Journal of Mechanical Design 113, Nr. 4 (01.12.1991): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912797.

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Monotonicity analysis is a useful method for analyzing optimal design models prior to numerical computation. Much of the information required for such analysis is represented in the monotonicity table. Rigorous procedures using the monotonicity principles and the implicit function theorem have been combined with heuristics, to extract additional constraint activity knowledge based only on the information contained in the monotonicity table. PRIMA is a production system implemented in the OPS5 programming environment. The system receives as input the monotonicity table of the initial model and derives global facts about boundedness and constraint activity by heuristic search of sequences of successively reduced models. Such reduction is obtained by implicit elimination of active constraints. Global facts generated automatically by this reasoning system can be used either for a global solution, or for a combined local-global active set strategy.

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Pinto, Neila Newdirley Câmara, und Sheila Cordeiro Mota. „Prototipação e validação multifásica de instrumento avaliativo para ensino de jovens e adultos | Prototyping and multiphasic validation of an evaluation tool for youth and adult education“. InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação 17, Nr. 2 (25.11.2020): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51358/id.v17i2.819.

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Este artigo apresenta os processos de desenvolvimento das fases de prototipação, testes e validação de um instrumento avaliativo inserido no contexto da educação de jovens e adultos, na fase alfabetizadora, em decorrência de perceber como o design educacional poderia contribuir para melhorar a experiência dos usuários prioritários – professores e alunos. Os requisitos do projeto foram construídos por meio da metodologia e das ferramentas utilizadas pelo Design Thinking, dentre elas cartões de insight e critérios norteadores. Na fase de prototipação foram utilizados os níveis recomendados por Vianna Vianna (2012), nos testes e validação foram utilizados instrumentos heurísticos – Principios Heuristicos de Nielsen e Molich (1990) e Leis da Simplicidade de Maeda (2006).*****This article presents the development processes of the prototyping, testing and validation phases of an evaluation instrument inserted in the context of youth and adult education, in the literacy phase, as a result of realizing how educational design could contribute to improving the experience of priority users - teachers and students. The project requirements were built using the methodology and tools used by Design Thinking, including insight cards and guiding criteria. In the prototyping phase, the levels recommended by Vianna Vianna (2012) were used, in the tests and validation heuristic instruments were used - Heuristic Principles of Nielsen and Molich (1990) and Simplicity Laws of Maeda (2006).

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Kumoro, Danang Tejo, und Uswatun Hasanah. „Tinjauan Desain Interface Website E-Commerce Wisata Mototravel.id Menggunakan Evaluasi Heuristik“. JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia 2, Nr. 1 (27.05.2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35746/jtim.v2i1.84.

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This article is an overview of the website design interface of Lombok travel agencymorotravel.id. This review carried out using a heuristic evaluation introduced by Molich andNielsen that evaluates an interface in an information system. Heuristic evaluation is a guidethat can guide the design or used it as a tool for criticizing a decision taken. The aim is toimprove the model effectively. The evaluation includes visibility of system status, compatibilitybetween the system and the real world, control of user freedom, standards, and consistency,error prevention, user recognition of the system, flexibility and efficiency, aesthetic values andminimum values, system help, help features, and documentation. The purpose of thisevaluation is to measure morotravel.id's interface standard as one of the travel agent websitesin Lombok so that it can become a reference for information systems in the world of tourism.Based on the evaluation, it has stated that overall the morotravel.id site interface is feasible touse because it fulfills the completeness of the principles in the heuristic assessment. Still, ithas some things that need to be improved, especially in the help system and documentation.Heuristic evaluation is pragmatic and easy to do so that it gets quick results. Although thismethod does not produce high certainty, it is a relatively easy method to start an analysis ofinterface design. The hope for the next is the use of more than one way to improve the qualityof the analysis results because it meets the principle of complementarity in each evaluationmethod

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