Dissertationen zum Thema „Heptagon“
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Liu, Xiaoyang. „Generation of Heptagon-Containing Fullerene Structures by Computational Methods“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83480.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaster of Science
Gérard, Léonard. „Programmer le parallélisme avec des futures en Heptagon un langage synchrone flot de données et étude des réseaux de Kahn en vue d'une compilation synchrone“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929932.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGérard, Léonard. „Programmer le parallélisme avec des futures en Heptagon un langage synchrone flot de données et étude des réseaux de Kahn en vue d’une compilation synchrone“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112202/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSynchronous languages are used to program critical reactive systems. Today, systems require to find a way to execute them safely and in parallel. Parallelism has always been part of synchronous langages, but for modeling purpose. Their formal semantics allow to distribute them, but preserving the semantics may be ressource costly and prevent good parallel execution.The Kahn networks model is of great interest. It models distributed computers, communicating through unbounded FIFOs, ensuring that the computed values are deterministic, without any need of added synchronization.We develop the langage Heptagon, a first order functional synchronous son of Lustre.The compiler is an academic prototype of the industrial tool Scade. Thanks to its Kahn semantics, it can be distributed. In order to be efficient, one need to maximize the decoupling of computations and maximize the computation granularity. However, synchronous langages allow for very tight computation coupling and usually require thin computation granularity to ensure reactivity of the system.We opt for two research directions. The first one is to give the control of the execution parallelism to the programer. To this mean, we add futures to the source langage Heptagon. They provide control over starting and end of parallel computations, while preserving the functional semantics. Moreover, we provide a compilation for embedded systems, using statically allocated memory. The second one is to study Kahn synchronous semantics to understand data dependencies and maximize granularity of the computations. This touches deeply to the synchronous languages, mixing the usually separated questions of causality and clock calculus. We define the class of reactive ordered Kahn networks. They are the one which may be modularly compiled and whose behavior may be expressed with a clock signature. Moreover, we show that their is a normal form for this signature, maximizing the granularity of the network. To express it, we extend clocks to integer clocks. Then we come back to the synchronous languages we know to understand how to use it. The result is fully used and explained on Lucy-n, the synchronous language closest to Kahn networks
Hanousek, Ondřej. „Nová synagoga Frýdek-Místek“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443685.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Junzhi, Shantanu Mishra, Carlo A. Pignedoli, Daniele Passerone, JoséI Urgel, Alberto Fabrizio, Thorsten G. Lohr et al. „Open-Shell Nonbenzenoid Nanographenes Containing Two Pairs of Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings“. ACS Publications, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarsi, Fabrício Ventura. „Isomerização do n-heptano sobre catalisadores bifuncionais Pt-Ni suportados em zeólitas BEA e FAU“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3879.
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The objective of this paper was to study the influence of metal loading content on the properties of bimetallic catalysts, formed by Pt and Ni, supported on zeolite HUSY and HBEA. Another objective of this study was to infer possible mechanisms and reaction pathways. In this sense, were compared catalysts containing different contents and percentage of metals in the isomerization of n-heptane and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydrogen chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The results show that the catalyst with the total metal content of 180 μmol of Me.gcat -1 was the most active, suggesting that there is an optimum relationship between acid sites and metallic sites. The increase in total metal content of the solid from this value decreases the activity of the same, possibly due to decreased dispersion of metallic phase in the catalyst. In this content, the activity increases with the percentage of platinum, until the value of 50%. Increasing the percentage of platinum above this value, there is a slight decrease in activity of the catalyst. The catalysts with higher activity were almost 100% selective to the isomerization reaction. Through TEM and chemisorption of H2 there was a better metal dispersion on the catalyst 50Pt50Ni/HBEA with 180 μmol of Me.gcat -1 in agreement with the catalytic results. By EDX analysis performed during the characterization by scanning electron microscopy verified the presence of nickel, which was not found by EDX analysis in transmission electron microscopy, indicating that this element (metal or cationic) is dispersed in the zeolite matrix. The results of TPR, there was a greater reduction of Ni2+ ions when it is in the presence of Pt, evidenced by the shift reduction peak to lower temperatures in front of the bimetallic catalysts monometallic. The results also showed that the process of rapid reduction has not reduced completely cations Pt2+ and Ni2+ in the catalysts. It was realized a study of the influence of contact time of reagents (nhexane and n-heptane) with the catalyst and also the isomerization of 2-methylhexane in order to study the mechanism of isomerization.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da carga metálica nas propriedades de catalisadores bimetálicos, formados por Pt e Ni, suportados na zeólita HUSY e HBEA. Outro objetivo desse trabalho foi o de inferir possíveis mecanismos e caminhos de reação. Nesse sentido, foram comparados catalisadores que contenham diferentes teores molares e diferentes proporções dos metais, na reação de isomerização de n-heptano e caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), quimissorção de hidrogênio, redução à temperatura programada (RTP). Os resultados mostram que o catalisador com teor metálico de 180 μmol de Me.gcat -1 foi o mais ativo, sugerindo que existe uma relação ótima entre sítios ácidos e sítios metálicos. O aumento do teor de metal no sólido a partir desse valor diminui a atividade do mesmo, possivelmente devido à diminuição da dispersão da fase metálica no catalisador. Neste, a atividade aumenta com a porcentagem de platina, até o valor de 50%. Aumentando a porcentagem de platina acima desse valor, há uma ligeira diminuição na atividade do catalisador. Os catalisadores com maior atividade foram praticamente 100% seletivos à reação de isomerização. Através de MET e quimissorção de H2 verificou-se uma melhor dispersão metálica no catalisador 50Pt50Ni/HBEA com 180 μmol de Me.gcat -1 concordando com os resultados catalíticos. Por análise EDX realizada durante a caracterização por microscopia eletrônica de varredura verificou-se a presença do níquel, que não foi encontrado pela análise de EDX na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, indicando que esse elemento (metálico ou catiônico) está disperso na matriz zeolítica. Nos resultados de RTP, verificou-se uma maior redutibilidade dos cátions Ni2+ quando este está na presença da Pt, evidenciado pelo deslocamento do pico de redução para menores temperaturas nos catalisadores bimetálicos frente aos monometálicos. Os resultados mostraram também que o processo de redução rápida não reduziu completamente os cátions Pt2+ e Ni2+ nos catalisadores. Realizou-se ainda um estudo da influência do tempo de contato dos reagentes (n-hexano e n-heptano) com o catalisador e também a isomerização do 2-metil-hexano visando o estudo do mecanismo da isomerização.
Ferreira, Márcio Luís Oliveira. „Avaliação de catalisadores do tipo Pt-Re-Au/Al2 O3 na reforma de n-heptano“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11169.
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Neste trabalho, foi estudado o efeito da adição de ouro em diferentes concentrações (0,01; 0,1 e 0,3%) na atividade, seletividade e estabilidade de catalisadores de platina (0,3 %) e rênio (0,3 %) suportados em alumina clorada, destinados à reforma catalítica de nafta de petróleo. As amostras foram preparadas por co-impregnação dos sais metálicos (ácido hexacloroplatínico, perrenato de amônia e ácido tetracloroaúrico) em alumina comercial e caracterizados por difração de raios X, redução termoprogramada e dessorção à temperatura programada de piridina. Além disso, os catalisadores foram avaliados na desidrogenação de cicloexano e isomerização de n-pentano, reações consideradas modelo das funções metálicas e ácidas, respectivamente. O desempenho catalítico das amostras foi avaliado na reforma de n-heptano. Após a reação de isomerização de n-pentano e reforma de n-heptano, os catalisadores foram analisados por oxidação termoprogramada. Observou-se que a adição de ouro facilita a redução da platina e este efeito aumentou com a diminuição do teor desse metal; um efeito inverso foi observado com os catalisadores de rênio. Nos catalisadores trimetálicos, a presença de 0,3% de ouro causa um aumento da interação dos metais entre si e com o suporte. A adição de ouro no catalisador monometálico de platina promoveu um decréscimo da atividade catalítica dos sítios metálicos, na reação de desidrogenação do cicloexano. Esse efeito aumentou com o teor de ouro e foi atribuído à provável formação de ligas com a platina, inativas da reação ou ao recobrimento de átomos de platina pelo ouro. A natureza e a quantidade dos sítios ácidos também foram alterados pela presença do ouro, mas não se observou uma relação simples essa propriedade e o teor desse metal. A atividade do catalisadores mono e bimetálicos de platina na reação de isomerização de n-pentano foi diminuída devido à adição de ouro. Por outro lado, a seletividade a isopentano dos catalisadores bimetálicos de platina e rênio foi pouco alterada com a adição de ouro. A adição de ouro ao catalisador de platina, associada ou não ao rênio, suportada em alumina conduziu a uma diminuição na conversão do n-heptano. Por outro lado, a adição de ouro influenciou pouco a seletividade a isômeros e a compostos aromáticos. A presença de ouro, de maneira geral, diminuiu a formação de coque, tanto na isomerização do n-pentano como na reação de reforma de n-heptano. Os catalisadores com teores mais elevados de ouro apresentaram menores quantidades de coque. A amostra trimetálica com 0,01% de ouro apresentou atividade similar à amostra bimetálica de platina e rênio na reação de reforma e n-heptano. Entretanto, a presença de 0,3% de ouro no catalisador bimetálico de platina e rênio inibiu a formação de coque durante as reações de isomerização de n-pentano e de reforma de n-heptano tornando-o, dessa forma, um sistema promissor na reação de reforma de nafta para a produção de gasolina com elevado índice de octanas.
Salvador
Zanoni, Élton Torres. „Avaliação de nanoestruturas de sílica na liberação controlada de feromônios repelentes de abelha“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2018. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/5856.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanomateriais têm sido empregados em diversas funções nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento. Um campo de aplicação que ganha espaço nos últimos anos é o uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura, visando amenizar os impactos do avanço populacional e a escassez dos recursos naturais atuando no controle de pragas e gerenciamento de agroquímicos. Neste estudo foram avaliadas duas nanoestruturas para o carregamento de feromônios repelente de abelhas, sendo essas nanoestruturas nanopartículas de sílica mesoporosas e do tipo Stöber. Os nanomateriais foram sintetizados via método Sol-Gel e caracterizados por difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, análise termogravimétrica, espectroscopia de infravermelho e método BET. As nanopartículas mesoporosas apresentaram-se com área superficial quase 5 vezes maior que a do tipo Stöber. A nanoestrutura mesoporosa apresentou a função desejada para a proposta do trabalho se tornando o principal alvo do estudo para os testes cinéticos dos feromônios acetato de octila e 2-heptanona. Os ferômonios foram encapsulados nos percentuais de 10, 20 e 40% e os ensaios cinéticos ocorreram por dois métodos apresentando diferenças nas características de liberação para os feromônios. As nanopartículas influenciaram de forma significativa na cinética de liberação dos feromônios retardando a taxa de liberação dependendo também das características moleculares dos feromônios, como tamanho de cadeia e polaridade. O acetato de octila demonstrou ser mais eficiente em seu encapsulamento na nanoestrutura, devido a sua polaridade que favorece a interação com grupos silanóis encontrados na superfície da nanopartícula. Dos testes cinéticos concluiu-se que as nanopartículas mesoporosas prolongaram a atividade de liberação dos feromônios permanecendo essa função por vários dias.
Weihofen, Wilhelm. „Strukturelle Basis für die kooperative Bindung des o-Repressors [Omega-Repressors] an direkte und invertierte Wiederholungen von DNA-Heptaden“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/254/index.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBESSON, ISABELLE. „Etude du comportement des spores de penicillium roquefortii au cours de la bioconversion de l'acide octanoique en heptanone-2“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCampos, Mateus Gulart. „Estudos de ressonancia magnetica nuclear de 3-endo e 3-exo-halobiciclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-onas“. [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249178.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Kaiser, Carlos Roland. „Estudos de RMN de 1H e de 13C de derivados da 1,7,7-trimetilbiciclo [2.2.1] heptano-2-ona 3-substituida“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Ariello, Ana Flávia. „Simulação de auto-ignição e propagação de chamas liminares de Etanol, N-Heptano e Isoctano com modelos cinéticos detalhados“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/26096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBernardo, Branca Teixeira. „Estudo de adsorção em leito fixo para o sistema heptano/tolueno/sílica gel usando líquidos iónicos como fase móvel“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO Leito-Móvel simulado (LMS) é uma técnica de separação contínua por adsorção em multi-coluna com várias aplicações. Incorporando o princípio de operação em contracorrente, o LMS é orientado para separações difíceis, uma vez que melhora significativamente a eficiência da separação. O LMS adquiriu recentemente uma grande importância, devido aos benefícios económicos que apresenta nas áreas farmacêutica, química fina, biotecnologia, produção de açúcares e petroquímica. Geralmente, o LMS é aplicado em separações de fase líquida e requer um desorvente/solvente para efectuar a dessorção/regeneração do adsorvente, as quais podem envolver eluição ou dessorção por substituição. As correntes de produto (extracto e refinado) são subsequentemente direccionadas para fraccionadores, para separação e reutilização do solvente no processo. Normalmente, tal é conseguido por destilação, onde o solvente tem um ponto de ebulição distinto relativamente à mistura alimentada. Esta é a principal desvantagem do LMS à escala industrial. O objectivo final desde projecto é o estudo da substituição do solvente tradicional por um líquido iónico, de modo a tratar misturas economicamente atraentes, condensáveis ou vaporizáveis, mas difíceis de separar pelos meios usuais. As misturas-alvo são assim compostas por espécies com pontos de ebulição semelhantes ou que formam azeótropos. Um exemplo típico é a separação de heptano e tolueno. Realizaram-se experiências de adsorção em leito fixo de misturas de heptano/tolueno diluídas em líquido iónico diciamida tetradecil(trihexil) fosfónio (CYPHOS 105) para caracterizar o equilíbrio de adsorção dos dois componentes na presença do líquido. O adsorvente seleccionado foi sílica gel com tamanho de partículas de 30 μm e um diâmetro médio de poros de 60 Å. Monitorizaram-se as curvas de ruptura usando dois sensores ópticos, um espectrómetro de UV e um detector de índice de refracção, para determinação das concentrações individuais dos dois solutos à saída da coluna. A cinética de adsorção é limitada pela transferência de massa na superfície externa da partícula devido à elevada viscosidade do líquido iónico utilizado. Como o adsorvente seleccionado não tem uma selectividade elevada para a separação do sistema heptano/tolueno, o sistema de adsorção tem que ser operado com velocidades lineares baixas para facilitar a cinética de adsorção.
ROCHA, Clarice Oliveira da. „Utilização do sapo-5 micro e mesoporoso impregnados com níquel e/ou zinco para acompanhamento da dessulfurização da mistura heptano-tiofeno“. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/236.
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CNPq
Propostas têm aparecido visando à remoção do enxofre nos combustíveis por intermédio dos processos de adsorção. Com isso, a utilização desse método para a dessulfurização vem se expondo como um bom potencial de aplicação, tanto do ponto de vista econômico como ambiental. As peneiras moleculares, do tipo silicoaluminofosfato (SAPO), vêm se apresentando como um excelente adsorvente, com uma ótima estabilidade térmica e hidrotérmica e com a impregnação de metais, tornando-se seletiva a adsorção. Assim, sintetizou-se SAPO-5 (microporoso) e SAPO-5M (mesoporoso), impregnados com diferentes teores dos metais de transição, níquel e/ou zinco. Esses adsorventes foram utilizados para a remoção do enxofre presente na mistura modelo (Heptano / Tiofeno). Para isso, foram realizadas técnicas de caracterização como TG, DRX, EDX e BET, bem como um acompanhamento cinético a fim de avaliar a eficiência da adsorção e as isotermas de equilíbrio. Foi confirmado a mesoporosidade do SAPO-5M, uma vez que o mesmo apresentou as isotermas características tipo IV (típica de material mesoporoso). O volume e o diâmetro dos poros do SAPO-5 microporoso e mesoporosos não foram totalmente obstruídos após a impregnação. Para os adsorventes mesoporosos houve um aumento de quatro vezes no diâmetro do poro, em relação ao micro. Embora, tenha apresentado redução na intensidade de difração de raios X após a impregnação, dos óxidos de níquel e/ou de zinco, obteve-se um material cristalograficamente ordenado. Ocorreu total remoção do direcionador, mostrando que a calcinação foi eficiente e o material é estável a altas temperaturas. Ademais, conseguiu-se atenuar a quantidade de enxofre de 500 ppm para cerca de 96,3 ppm, uma redução de 80%, para o adsorvente mesoporoso 0,25%Ni 0,75%Zn/SAPO-5M, cuja capacidade de adsorção de enxofre foi de 40 mg S/gadsorvente. O adsorvente com 1%Zn/SAPO-5, apresentou maior capacidade de adsorção (30 mg S/gadsorvente), dentre os materiais microporosos, conseguindo reduzir o teor de enxofre de 500 ppm para 163 ppm. Para os demais suportes e adsorventes ocorreu uma redução de aproximadamente 31 % do teor de enxofre na mistura modelo. Conclui-se que a síntese do mesoporoso foi eficiente e que o material utilizado se mostrou eficaz na remoção desse contaminante na mistura modelo.
Proposals have appeared aiming at the sulfur removal in fuels by means of adsorption processes. Thus, the use of this method for the desulfurization exposing themselves like a good application potential, both economically and environmentally. The molecular sieves silicoaluminiumfosfate type (SAPO), has been presented as an excellent adsorbent with optimum thermal and hydrothermal stability and metals impregnation, making it selective adsorption. Thus was synthesized SAPO-5 (microporous) and SAPO-5M (mesoporous) impregnated with different amounts of transition metals, nickel and/or zinc. These adsorbents were used for removal of sulfur present in the mixture model (Thiophene / Heptane). For this, characterization techniques as TG, XRD, EDX and BET were performed, as well as a kinetic monitoring to assess the efficiency of adsorption and equilibrium isotherms. It was confirmed mesoporosity of SAPO-5M, since the isotherms showed the same type IV characteristics (typical of mesoporous materials). The volume and pore diameter of the microporous and mesoporous SAPO-5 were not totally blocked after impregnation. For mesoporous adsorbents an increase of four times the pore diameter in relation to the microporous. Although, has shown a reduction in the intensity of X-ray diffraction after the impregnation of the oxides of nickel and/or zinc, gave a crystallographically ordered materials. Complete removal of the template occurred, showing that the calcination was efficient and the material is stable at high temperatures. Furthermore, we were able to attenuate the amount of sulfur 500 ppm to about 96.3 ppm, a reduction of 80% for the mesoporous adsorbent Ni 0.25% 0.75% Zn/SAPO-5M, whose adsorption capacity sulfur was 40 mg S/g of adsorbent. The adsorbent of 1% Zn/SAPO-5 showed higher adsorption capacity (30 mg S/g of adsorbent) among microporous materials, achieving reduced sulfur content from 500 ppm to 163 ppm. For other supports and adsorbent was reduced by approximately 31% of the sulfur content in the mixture model. It is concluded that the synthesis of mesoporous was effective and that the material used is effective in the removal of this contaminant in the mixture model.
Ticona, Vilca Joyssy Bertha. „Isoterma de adsorción n-Heptano – Tolueno en sílica gel: adsorción de Tolueno con n-alcanos en sílica gel a bajas concentraciones“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5347.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePresenta diez datos experimentales para construir la isoterma de adsorción del sistema n-Heptano – Tolueno en el rango completo de concentración de Tolueno; también presenta doce datos experimentales para las mezclas n-Pentano - Tolueno, n-Heptano – Tolueno y n-Octano – Tolueno en función de la concentración del Tolueno en el rango de bajas concentraciones, hasta 0.0800 de fracción molar, utilizando la sílica gel como adsorbente en todos los casos. Determina la isoterma de adsorción aparente a 30°C y se ha supuesto la adsorción preferencial del Tolueno a partir de soluciones líquidas binarias n-alcano – Tolueno. Se ha adoptado el tratamiento termodinámico de adsorción a partir de soluciones binarias propuestas por Everett y la teoría de Gibbs para adsorción de líquidos en superficies sólidas. El adsorbente utilizado es sílica gel de marca J. T. Baker de 60-200 mesh, microporoso, de 605 m2/g de área superficial BET evaluada con nitrógeno para ésta investigación. Las mezclas fueron preparadas con reactivos de alta pureza provenientes de marcas de reconocido prestigio, la prueba que se ha considerado determinante para caracterizar el adsorbato es el índice de refracción de la sustancia pura a 25°C. La concentración antes y después de la adsorción ha sido determinada por refractometría a 25.00 ± 0.02°C con un refractómetro Baush & Lomb con ± 0.00003 de exactitud.
Tesis
Ferguson, Amanda Claire. „Total svnthesis of 2-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one analogues of penicillin N and isopenicillin N for crystallographic studies“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNascimento, Tâmara Lúcia Pacheco de Mattos do. „Criação de mesoporos em zeólitas ZSM-5, mordenita e ferrierita e análise de seu efeito na reação de hidroisomerização do n-heptano“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2819.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeolites have received great academic and industrial attention due to their acidic and structural characteristics. The structure of the zeolite can be used to conduct a catalytic reaction selectively to the desired product, thus avoiding undesirable side reactions. However, this structure could create diffusive restrictions regarding the access to the active sites inside the micropores. In this work two methods of mesopores generation (thermal and basic) were studied in order to modify the accessibility of the catalytic sites of the zeolites. The reaction of hydroisomerization of n-heptane was selected to evaluate the modified zeolites. The thermal treatment was employed for ZSM-5, mordenite and ferrierite zeolites and a negligible increase in mesoporosity has been observed. However, this treatment produced a significant dealumination of the samples along with the reduction of the acid sites density and the formation of significant quantities of extraframework Al species (EFAL), which resulted in a partial blockage of the pre-existent micropores and of the mesopores generated. Furthermore, the scale-up of the thermal treatment (increasing the amount of treated sample from 2 g to 30 g) was not reproducible, producing less mesopores than that was observed in the small-scale preparation. The basic treatment with NaOH solution was also tested for ZSM-5 zeolite. It increased significantly the mesoporosity of the zeolite and formed less amount of extra-framework aluminum. Moreover, it was more reproducible when larger amounts of sample were treated. The performance of Pt/Al2O3 + zeolite catalysts in hydroisomerization/hydrocracking of n-heptane was influenced by both the strong acid sites density and the pore structure of the zeolite. As to the effect of the thermal and basic treatments on the performance of the ZSM-5-based catalysts, the results showed that the behavior of that the basically treated samples was similar to those of heat-treated was similar regarding the product distribution particularly with respect to light hydrocarbons and monobranched C7 isomers. However, the larger mesoporosity of sample basically treated slightly favored the formation polybranched isomers
Bastuck, Holger [Verfasser]. „Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Wärmeübergang und Druckverlust in Multiportflachrohren unter Kondensationsbedingungen von R134a und bei einphasiger Durchströmung mit Heptan / Holger Bastuck“. Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107015153X/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePina, Carla Garcia. „Estudo experimental e calculo pelo moedlo ERAS do volume em excesso de soluções de 1-heptanol/acetonitrila e 1-octanol/acetonitrila a 293,15K, 298,15K e 313,15K“. [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266357.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo a determinação experimental de dados de volume em excesso de soluções de l-alcanol/nitrila, e teste do modelo ERAS para este sistema. o volume em excesso foi determinado a partir de dados experimentais de densidade para soluções de l-heptanol e l-octanol com acetonitrila nas temperaturas de 293,15, 298,15 e 313,15 K, à pressão ambiente. Todos os valores do volume em excesso foram positivos, com a magnitude crescente com o aumento da cadeia do alcanol e com o aumento da temperatura. As curvas do volume em excesso em função da fração molar da acetonitrila possuem formas parabólicas, sendo inclinadas em direção a frações molares maiores de acetonitrila, com valores máximos entre 0,24 ¿ 0,30 cm cúbicos/mol. O volume em excesso nestes sistemas pode ser atribuído principalmente aos efeitos físicos. O modelo ERAS, desenvolvido para sistemas do tipo alcanol/alcano e, posteriormente estendido numa forma generalizada para ser aplicado a outros sistemas, tem como principal característica a descrição simultânea das grandezas em excesso. O tratamento teórico usando este modelo descreve satisfatoriamente os resultados experimentais deste trabalho
Abstract: The aim of this work were to collect new experimental data of the excess volume of aIkanollnitrile solutions, and to test the ERAS model for this system. Excess volumes were determined by experimental data of density for binary mixtures of l-heptanol and l-octanol with acetonitrile at 293.15, 298.15 and 313.15 K and room pressure. All values of the excess volume were positive with a magnitude which increases with increasing alkanol size and increasing temperature. The excess volume versus mole fractions of acetonitrile curves haveparabolic form and are skewed to high mole fractions of acetonitrile, with maximum values around 0.24-0.30 cm cubic/mol. The excess volume of these mixtures are attributed principally to physical effects. A extended version of the ERAS model, originally developed for alkanol/alkane systems, in a generalized form which allows to apply it also to another systems,was used. The main feature of this model is the simultaneous calculation of excess properties. The theoretical treatment using the ERAS model describes successfully the experimental results of this work
Mestrado
Sistema de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Schulz, Christian [Verfasser], Gerd Akademischer Betreuer] Grünefeld und Heinz Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pitsch. „SRS/LIF-Messungen zur Charakterisierung rußarmer dieselähnlicher Flammen von alternativen Kraftstoffen und n-Heptan / Christian Schulz ; Gerd Grünefeld, Heinz Günter Pitsch“. Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1211487865/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTavares, Aline. „Hidrogenação catalítica de olefinas e dienos a partir de complexos catiônicos de ródio no sistema de fases formado por N-heptano/PEO 3350 + metanol“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, Alexandre Caldeira. „Craqueamento catalítico de n-Heptano sobre zeólitas ZSM-12 com diferentes razões SiO2/Al2O3 visando obter aditivos de baixo custo para catalisadores de FCC“. Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO Petróleo é de vital importância para a sociedade devido aos seus derivados com largo emprego nas atividades econômicas e principalmente sua utilização como fonte energética. A expansão econômica e social do país, nas últimas décadas, vem exigindo importante desenvolvimento da nossa infra-estrutura, notadamente no setor de energia. O petróleo que se posiciona como a fonte de energia líder mundial, apresentou acentuada oscilação do preço médio internacional ao longo dos últimos anos, atingindo no segundo semestre do ano de 2008 o maior preço já praticado desde os primórdios da indústria petrolífera. Neste cenário adverso, melhorias no processo de refino do petróleo representam ganhos em larga escala para sociedade. O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como finalidade avaliar as características de eficiência de catálise de zeólitas ZSM-12 (Zeolite Socony Mobil) para serem utilizadas como aditivos de baixo custo para produção de catalisadores heterogêneos microporosos para a etapa de craqueamento catalítico (FCC), possibilitando futuras reduções no custo de refino do petróleo. As zeólitas são aluminossilicatos cristalinos, que, na sua forma ácida, desempenham o papel de principal componente ativo dos catalisadores de FCC. A zeólita ZSM-12 apresenta uma estrutura formada por poros unidimensionais de abertura elíptica contendo 12 tetraedros SiO4 (ou AlO4), com diâmetro de 5,5 x 5,9 Å. Nos experimentos foram utilizadas amostras de ZSM- 12 de razões SiO2/Al2O3 de 50, 80, 100 e 150, e foi possível observar que quanto maior a cristalinidade da amostra (verificada por difração de raios-X) maior a conversão durante o craqueamento. A região de máximo de conversão ocorre aproximadamente na razão SiO2/Al2O3 de 80 a 100 e intervalos de tempo entre 0 e 20 minutos. Os resultados mostraram-se bastante promissores para as razões SiO2/Al2O3 avaliadas, apresentando alta conversão e seletividade (principalmente ao C1 e C3), apontando a ZSM-12 como potencial aditivo zeolítico de baixo custo para catalisadores de FCC.
Santos, Paulo Cezar dos. „Método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector evaporativo de espalhamento de luz para a determinação de biciclo [2.2.1] heptano-2,3-dicarboxilato de sódio“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraditional materials as iron, glass and wood have been substituted by polymers in the last decades. Isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic of great utility, due to the numerous possibilities to modify its structure through substances that improve its end-use properties. The Bicycle [2.2.1] heptane-2,3dicarboxylic acid, disodium salt, commercially known as Hyperform® HPN-68L, represents a significant technological improvement over the conventional and advanced nucleation technologies used by the industry nowadays. The high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative lightscattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) is an analysis method widely used to separate and quantify organics analytes. The aim of this investigation was the development of an analytical method to quantify Bicycle [2.2.1] heptane-2,3dicarboxylic acid, disodium salt in polypropylene homopolymer by HPLC-ELSD. This investigation was made in Braskem S.A. Polypropylene Quality Control Laboratory in Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo together with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Commercial polypropylene homopolymer samples were supplied by Braskem S.A. The solubility of HPN-68L in six organic solvents was evaluated and the possible interference of four different function additives normally used in polypropylene in the proposed method was investigated. It was valuing Three methods were investigated in order to extract the nucleating agent Hyperform® from the polypropylene homopolymer matrix: microwave reactor, ultrasonic batch and solvent extraction. The proposed HPLC-ELSD method after microwave extraction showed good results in separating the Bicycle [2.2.1] heptane-2,3dicarboxylic acid, disodium salt from other polypropylene additives. It was also possible to obtain a calibration curve with good linearity.
Farias, Ariano Brito de. „Estudo da absor??o das esp?cies pesadas do g?s natural em octanol: efeitos da temperatura e vaz?o“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20933.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Na ind?stria do petr?leo, o g?s natural ? um componente vital no suprimento de energia do mundo e uma importante fonte de muitos hidrocarbonetos. ? uma das mais limpas, mais segura e mais aplic?vel de todas as fontes de energia, e ajuda a conhecer a crescente demanda mundial por energia limpa no futuro. Com a crescente participa??o do g?s natural na matriz energ?tica no Brasil, o principal objetivo de seu uso tem sido o abastecimento de energia el?trica atrav?s da gera??o de energia t?rmica. No processo de produ??o atual, como em uma Unidade de Processamento de G?s Natural (UPGN), o g?s natural passa por diversas unidades de separa??o visando ? produ??o de g?s natural liquefeito e g?s combust?vel. Este ?ltimo deve ser especificado para atender as m?quinas t?rmicas. No caso dos po?os remotos, o processo de absor??o dos componentes pesados visando o seu ajuste ? uma alternativa para de aumentar a malha energ?tica do pa?s e/ou local. Atualmente, devido ? elevada demanda por este g?s processado, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas que visam o ajuste do g?s natural s?o estudados. M?todos convencionais hoje empregados, como a absor??o f?sica, possuem bons resultados. O objetivo do trabalho ? avaliar a remo??o dos componentes pesados do g?s natural. Nesta pesquisa foi utilizado como absorvente f?sico o ?lcool oct?lico. Foi estudada a influ?ncia dos par?metros, como temperatura (5?C e 40?C) e vaz?o (25 e 50 ml/min) sobre o processo de absor??o em termos de capacidade de absor??o, expresso pela quantidade absorvida; e em termos cin?ticos, expresso pelo coeficiente de transfer?ncia de massa. Conforme esperado pela literatura, foi observado que a absor??o das fra??es pesadas de hidrocarbonetos ? favorecida em baixas temperaturas. Por outro lado, tanto a temperatura como a vaz?o favorece a transfer?ncia de massa, efeito cin?tico. A cin?tica de absor??o de remo??o dos componentes pesados foi acompanhada atrav?s de an?lise cromatogr?fica e os resultados experimentais mostraram elevado percentual de recupera??o dos componentes pesados. Al?m disso, foi observado que o emprego de ?lcool oct?lico como agente absorvedor demonstrou ser vi?vel o processo de separa??o.
In the oil industry, natural gas is a vital component of the world energy supply and an important source of hydrocarbons. It is one of the cleanest, safest and most relevant of all energy sources, and helps to meet the world's growing demand for clean energy in the future. With the growing share of natural gas in the Brazil energy matrix, the main purpose of its use has been the supply of electricity by thermal power generation. In the current production process, as in a Natural Gas Processing Unit (NGPU), natural gas undergoes various separation units aimed at producing liquefied natural gas and fuel gas. The latter should be specified to meet the thermal machines specifications. In the case of remote wells, the process of absorption of heavy components aims the match of fuel gas application and thereby is an alternative to increase the energy matrix. Currently, due to the high demand for this raw gas, research and development techniques aimed at adjusting natural gas are studied. Conventional methods employed today, such as physical absorption, show good results. The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the removal of heavy components of natural gas by absorption. In this research it was used as the absorbent octyl alcohol (1-octanol). The influence of temperature (5 and 40 ?C) and flowrate (25 and 50 ml/min) on the absorption process was studied. Absorption capacity expressed by the amount absorbed and kinetic parameters, expressed by the mass transfer coefficient, were evaluated. As expected from the literature, it was observed that the absorption of heavy hydrocarbon fraction is favored by lowering the temperature. Moreover, both temperature and flowrate favors mass transfer (kinetic effect). The absorption kinetics for removal of heavy components was monitored by chromatographic analysis and the experimental results demonstrated a high percentage of recovery of heavy components. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of octyl alcohol as absorbent was feasible for the requested separation process.
D'Agostini, Luciane. „Estudo experimental e modelagem da entalpia em excesso de soluções liquidas binarias contendo 1-heptanol/acetonitrila e 1-octanol/acetonitrila a 298.15, 313,15, 323,15 K e pressão atmosterica“. [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no levantamento de dados experimentais da entalpia em excesso em função da composição a diversas temperaturas de soluções binárias do tipo álcool + acetonitrila, e na aplicação do modelo de soluções ERAS para correlacionar os dados obtidos experimentalmente. O comportamento da entalpia em excesso foi analisado segundo as forças intermoleculares presentes nas soluções líquidas. Os sistemas estudados foram l-heptanol/acetonitrila e l-octanol/acetonitrila à pressão atmosférica e às temperaturas de 298,15, 313,15 e 323,15K. Os dados da entalpia em excesso foram obtidos por meio de um calorímetro adiabático. As curvas da entalpia em excesso em função da fração molar apresentam valores positivos em toda a faixa de composição nas temperaturas estudadas, e observou-se também que a entalpia em excesso aumenta com o comprimento da cadeia hidrocarbônica do álcool e com o aumento da temperatura. O modelo ERAS é capaz de descrever qualitativamente as principais características do comportamento das curvas da entalpia em excesso para os sistemas estudados
Abstract: The aim of this work was to obtain experimental data of the excess enthalpies versus composition at several temperature for binary solutions of a1cohol + acetonitrile, and to apply the solution model ERAS. The behavior of excess enthalpy was analyzed according to intermolecular forces. The studied system were l-heptanol/acetonitrile and l-octanol/acetonitrile under atmosphere pressure and at 298.15 313.15 and 323.15K. The data of excess enthalpy were obtained using an adiabatic calorimeter. The curves of excess enthalpy plotted against mole ftaction show positive values over the whole composition range in the temperature range studied, and also it was observed that the excess enthalpies increased with the length of the a1cohol chain and with increasing the temperature. The model is able to describe well main features behavior of the curves of excess enthalpy for the studied systems
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Hawke, David H. „Quantitative mass spectrometry: Proteomic analysis of differentiation of MEL cells treated with hexamethylene bisacetamide and 7-[N-(3-aminopropyl)amino] heptan-2-one“. Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouza, Anne Michelle Garrido Pedrosa. „Desenvolvimento de catalisadores bifuncionais de óxido de zircônio modificado por óxidos de tungstênio e molibdênio contendo platina para a reação de isomerização de n-parafinas“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/1188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastro, Ariana Komura de. „PARÂMETROS DE SOLUBILIDADE DE HILDEBRAND DOS PETRÓLEOS E DA MISTURA PETRÓLEO-HEPTANO NO LIMIAR DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DOS ASFALTENOS EMPREGANDO MICROSCOPIA ÓPTICA E ESPECTROSCOPIA DE INFRAVERMELHO-PRÓXIMO (NIR)“. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/905.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Hildebrand solubility parameter is used to express the compatibility of petroleum in mixtures, starting from the principle that, independently from the system composition, the asphaltenes always precipitate in a certain solubility parameter, known as the flocculation parameter, which estimated value is 16,35 (MPa)1/2. In this paper, it was tried to experimentally determine the flocculation parameter and the solubility parameters of some petroleum, through data of onset of precipitation of asphaltenes by adding n-alkenes. The experimental determinations of onset of precipitation were performed by optical microscopy and Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR), in order to be also evaluated the correlation between measures. The outcomes of onset of precipitation showed a reasonable correlation among techniques, but the data obtained by NIR were generally larger. Towards the flocculation parameter, the experimental data when adjusted to a linear behavior of first order ended up on inconsistent values compared with the ones in literature, what raised doubts about the basic hypothesis of compatibility model. However, it was possible the determination of solubility parameters for several petroleum and it was noticed that the data are used successfully in prediction of compatibility in mixtures, therefore, it was verified the need of the improvement of experimental methodology to the determination of onset of precipitation through Near-Infrared spectroscopy and clues indicate that the phenomena of asphaltenes precipitation may not be only molecular.
O parâmetro de solubilidade de Hildebrand é utilizado para expressar a compatibilidade de petróleos em misturas, partindo-se do princípio que, independentemente da composição do sistema, os asfaltenos precipitam sempre em um determinado parâmetro de solubilidade, conhecido como parâmetro de floculação, cujo valor estimado é 16,35 (MPa)1/2. Neste trabalho, tentou-se determinar experimentalmente o parâmetro de floculação e os parâmetros de solubilidade de alguns petróleos, através dos dados de início de precipitação dos asfaltenos pela adição de n-alcanos. As determinações experimentais de início de precipitação foram realizadas por microscopia ótica e espectroscopia de Infravermelho Próximo (NIR), a fim de que fosse avaliada também a correlação entre as medidas. Os resultados de início de precipitação indicaram uma correlação razoável entre as técnicas, mas os dados obtidos pelo NIR foram geralmente maiores. Em relação ao parâmetro de floculação, os dados experimentais quando ajustados a um comportamento linear de primeira ordem proporcionou valores inconsistentes comparados com o da literatura, o que coloca em dúvida a hipótese básica do modelo de compatibilidade. Entretanto, foi possível a determinação dos parâmetros de solubilidade para vários petróleos e foi observado que os dados são utilizados com sucesso na predição da compatibilidade em misturas, porém, verificou-se a necessidade do aperfeiçoamento da metodologia experimental para a determinação do início de precipitação através da espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo e indícios apontam que o fenômeno da precipitação dos asfaltenos possa não ser apenas molecular.
Oliveira, Luciane França de. „7,7-dimetoxi-1,4,5,6-tetraclorobiciclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-en-2-endo-ol : um versátil reagente na síntese de 1,3-aminoálcoois e de ciclopentanóides quirais altamente funcionalizados“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKüsgens, Pia. „Metal-organic frameworks for water adsorption applications in the automotive filtration industry“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-27396.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were investigated for their possible use in drying of compressed air in air braking systems for commercial vehicles. Another possible application was the drying of diesel fuel. In this context, n-heptane was chosen as a reference for diesel fuel. Selected metal-organic frameworks were characterized regarding the water adsorption properties by recording water adsorption isotherms. The most promising material was further investigated on a air-drying cartridge test rig. In order to perform these tests, the powder had to be processed to monolithic structures, beads or paper sheets,i.e. a shape that is suitable for the given application. The MOF Cu3(BTC)2 was sucessfully extruded to monolithic structures, which were used in the test rig experiments. Another possibility for immobilization of Cu3(BTC)2 was the crystal growth on pulp fibers. N-heptane drying isotherms were measured on selected samples making use of Karl-Fischer coulometric titration. In both applications, MOF materials were compared with silica based desiccants
Labsch, Stephan Andreas [Verfasser]. „Stereospezifität der Au(I)-katalysierten Reaktion von 1-Alkinyl-bicyclo[4.1.0]-heptan-2-onen mit Nucleophilen und Studien zur Synthese von Patulin mittels Cyclocarbonylierung / Stephan Andreas Labsch“. München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018983058/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDutescu, Ralf Michael [Verfasser], und H. G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wahl. „Expressionsanalyse der nukleären Rezeptoren PPAR-α/γ-1/γ-2 [PPAR-alpha, gamma-1, gamma-2] und der Transkriptionsfaktoren T-bet und GATA-3 nach Stimulation von dermalen Endothelzellen mit den Weichmacher, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat-Metaboliten-2-Ethylhexanol und 4-Heptanon / Ralf Michael Dutescu. Betreuer: H. G. Wahl“. Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288459/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDantas, Hermesson Jales. „Síntese diastereosseletiva e estudo espectroscópico da (1R, 3R, 3´R,4R)-3-[3-piridinil0-hidroximetil]-1,7,7-trimetil biciclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ona, do regioisômero (4-piridinil e seus produtos de redução assimétrica“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
We developed in this study the total synthesis of new potential ligands and / or chiral organocatalysts to be initially used in the Morita- Baylis-Hillman reaction and / or in other enantioselective reactions. The preparation of four new chiral unpublished compounds (31, 32, 33, 34) derivatives of pyridine and of R-(+)-camphor (21a) were performed. The chiral aldol adducts (31 and 32) were obtained by the reaction between 21a and aldehyde 35 or 36 in god chemical yields (80%-85%).The synthesis of 31 was done in 86% of diastereoisomeric excess. The new diois 33 and 34 were prepared from diastereoselective reduction of the corresponding aldol of 31 and 32 in high yield (88-90%) and 33 was prepared in de=77%. Determination of were performed from hydrogen NMR studies. We also present here, a toughly studies from spectroscopic techniques of 1H and 13C NMR, including COSY H,H; HETCOR and NOESY. The preliminary evaluation of 31 as organocatalysts was investigated from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction between the methyl acrylate or acrylonitrile and p-nitrobenzaldehyde. This theory opens borders, for our group of researches, in the area of synthesis enantiosselective.
Desenvolvemos neste trabalho a síntese de novos ligantes e / ou organocatalisadores quirais em potenciais para serem inicialmente utilizados na reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman e / ou em outras reações enantiosseletivas. As preparações dos quatro compostos quirais inéditos (31, 32, 33, 34) foram realizadas a partir dos aldeídos piridinicos comerciais derivados e da R-(+)-cânfora (21a). Os adutos quirais (31 e 32) foram obtidos pela reação entre 21a e o aldeído 35 ou 36 em bons rendimentos químicos (80%-85%). A síntese de 31 foi feita em 86% de excesso de diastereoisomérico. Os novos Dióis 33 e 34 foram preparados a partir da redução diastereosseletiva dos correspondentes aldóis 31 e 32, em altos rendimentos (88-90%) e 33 foi preparado em d.e. = 77%. A determinação dos excessos diastereoisoméricos foi feita a partir de estudos de RMN de hidrogênio. Apresentamos também aqui, estudos espectroscópicos de forma rigorosa, a partir de técnicas de espectroscopia de 1H e 13C, incluindo COSY H,H; HETCOR e NOESY. A avaliação preliminar de 31 como organocatalisador foi investigado através da reação de Morita-Baylis-Hillman entre o acrilato de metila ou acrilonitrila e o pnitrobenzaldeído. Esta tese abre fonteiras , para o nosso grupo de pesquisas, na área de síntese enantiosseletiva.
Jurado, Moreno Sergio. „Stereoselective Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Cyclohexanyl Nucleoside Analogues“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670584.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEn las últimas décadas, el uso de análogos de nucleósidos (ANs) ha generado un amplio interés de investigación para la terapia antiviral y anticancerígena. La conformación y el plegamiento de la unidad de azúcar de los nucleósidos juegan un papel crítico en la modulación de su actividad biológica. En este contexto, se han diseñado y sintetizado nuevos análogos de carbanucleósidos (ACNs) restringidos conformacionalmente para imitar el comportamiento conformacional del anillo de furanosa. Los nucleósidos de ciclohexenilo son un tipo prometedor de compuestos antivirales, donde el reemplazo del átomo de oxígeno del anillo de furanosa por un doble enlace induce flexibilidad anular, similar a la de los nucleósidos regulares. Recientemente, se ha descrito que ambos enantiómeros de ciclohexenilo G (DCG y LCG) muestran una actividad potente y selectiva contra el virus del herpes (HSV). Teniendo en cuenta la interesante actividad anti-HSV del ciclohexenilo G, en nuestro grupo de investigación se propuso una nueva serie de ANs biciclo[4.1.0]heptano en el que el doble enlace fue reemplazado por un ciclopropano fusionado. La presente Tesis doctoral se centra en la síntesis enantioselectiva de una nueva serie de ANs carbocíclicos de seis miembros basados en el esqueleto del ciclohexenilo G conteniendo la estructura de biciclo[4.1.0]heptano a partir de un intermedio clave común. Específicamente, se describe el logro de los siguientes objetivos: - En primer lugar, se han optimizado dos estrategias sintéticas desarrolladas en nuestro grupo de investigación para preparar la cetona clave 36, que es el intermedio común para la preparación de los ANs biciclo[4.1.0]heptano. La cetona 36 se ha obtenido en un secuencia robusta, reproducible y eficiente de 6 pasos en una escala de multi-gramo con un rendimiento general del 49% a partir de 1,4-ciclohexadiona. -En segundo lugar, dado que los análogos 5’-hidroximetilbiciclo[4.1.0]heptano BCH-(A, G, T y U), obtenidos previamente en el grupo de investigación, no mostraron actividad antiviral significativa, se decidió completar la familia 5’-hidroximetilbiciclo [4.1.0]heptanilo sintetizando el análogo de citosina que ha sido obtenido con un rendimiento global del 4% en 17 pasos. Sin embargo, no mostró actividad antiviral o citotoxicidad. Toda esta familia de AN se ha evaluado en ensayos enzimáticos para determinar la afinidad de la timidina quinasa (TK) vírica. El compuesto a base de timidina BCH-T tiene una gran afinidad interesante hacia HSV-TK (EC50 = 1.6 ± 0.1 µg/mL) que es consistente con nuestro modelo computacional realizado para la primera etapa de fosforilación para estos compuestos. -En tercer lugar, se ha preparado una nueva familia de ANs 5’-hidroximetil-4’-hidroxibiciclo[4.1.0]heptan-2’-ilo. En particular, se obtuvieron los ANs de timina y guanina en 17 y 18 pasos y un rendimiento general de 18% y 10%, respectivamente. El epimero-C4 de timina y el alqueno de timina 4’,5’-eno se han sintetizado en 19 pasos y con un rendimiento general de 6% y 3%, respectivamente. Estos cuatro AN han sido seleccionados para evaluar su actividad antiviral, aunque ninguno de ellos muestra actividad significativa. -Finalmente, también se ha obtenido una nueva familia de ACNs 1,2,3-triazol-biciclo[4.1.0]heptanilo. Este enfoque ha permitido la preparación de cuatro 1,2,3-triazolo-ACNs (4-sustituido) a través de CuAAc con un rendimiento global del 19-16% en 15 pasos. Además, también se ha sintetizado un compuesto de triazol (4,5-sustituido) mediante una reacción de cicloadición y 12% de rendimiento en 14 etapas. Se ha evaluado la actividad biológica de estos análogos contra varios virus, aunque solo el propilbenceno-1,2,3-triazolo-ACN 151 muestra una actividad considerable contra el virus Coxsackie B4 (EC50 = 13.5-9.4 µg/mL).
In the last decades, the use of nucleoside analogues (NAs) has garnered extensive research interest for antiviral and anticancer therapy. The conformation and puckering of the sugar moiety of nucleosides play a critical role in modulating their biological activity. In this context, new conformationally restricted carbanucleosides analogues (CNAs) have been designed and synthesised in order to mimic the conformational behaviour of the natural furanose ring. Cyclohexenyl nucleosides are a promising type of antiviral compounds, wherein replacement of the oxygen atom of the furanose ring by a double bond induces annular flexibility, similar to that of regular nucleosides. Recently, it has been described that both enantiomers of cyclohexenyl G (DCG and LCG) display potent and selective anti-herpes virus activity. Considering the interesting anti-HSV activity of cyclohexenyl G, new series of enantiopure bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl NAs were proposed in our research group, in which the double bond was replaced by a fused cyclopropane. The present Ph.D Thesis is focused on the enantioselective synthesis of a novel series of six-membered carbocyclic NAs based on the skeleton of cyclohexenyl G containing bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane structure from a common key intermediate. Specifically, it is described the achievement of the following objectives: - Firstly, two synthetic strategies developed in our research group have been optimized in order to prepare the key ketone 36, which is the common intermediate for the preparation of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane NAs. Ketone 36 has been obtained in a robust, reproducible, and efficient 6-steps approach on a multigram scale in 49% overall yield from commercially available 1,4-cyclohexadione. -Secondly, since the 5’-hydroxymethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane analogues BCH-(A, G, T and U) NAs, previously obtained in the research group, did not show significant antiviral activity, in order to complete the 5’-hydroxymethylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl family, the cytosine analogue has been synthesised in 4% overall yield in 17 steps. However, it does not show antiviral activity or cytotoxicity. All of this family of NAs have been evaluated in enzymatic assays in order to determine the virus-TK affinity. The thymidine-based compound BCH-T has an interesting great affinity towards HSV-TK (EC50 = 1.6 ± 0.1 µg/mL) which is consistent with our computational model performed for the first stage of phosphorylation. -Thirdly, a novel family of 5’-hydroxymethyl-4’-hydroxybicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2’-yl NAs has been prepared. In particular, thymine and guanine NAs have been obtained in 17 and 18 steps and 18% and 10% overall yield, respectively. The thymine C4-epimer and the thymine alk-4,5-ene have been synthesised in 19 steps and 6% and 3% overall yield, respectively. These four NAs have been screened for antiviral activity, although none of them show significant activity. -Finally, a new family of 1,2,3-triazolo-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl CNAs has also been obtained. This approach has allowed the preparation of the four 4-substituted-1,2,3-triazolo-CNAS via CuAAc in 19-16% overall yield in 15 steps. Furthermore, the 4,5-substituted-1,2,3-triazolo-CNAS has been synthesised via cycloaddition and 12% yield in 14 steps. The biological activity of these analogues against several viruses has been evaluated, although only the propylbenzene-1,2,3-triazolo-CNAs 151 shows a considerable activity against Coxsackie B4 virus (EC50 = 13.5-9.4 µg/mL).
Schilling, Gunnar. „Vermessung der thermischen Zustandsgrössen von n-Heptan, n-Nonan, 2,4-Dichlortoluol und Brombenzol im Flüssigkeitsgebiet bei Temperaturen von 233,15 K bis 473,15 K und Drücken bis 30 MPa zum Einsatz als Referenzflüssigkeiten für Biegeschwinger-Dichtemessgeräte“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980574692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePedrosa, Anne Michelle Garrido. „Desenvolvimento de catalisadores bifuncionais de ?xido de zirc?nio modificado por ?xidos de tungst?nio e molibd?nio contendo platina para a rea??o de isomeriza??o de n-parafinas“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBifunctional catalysts based on zircon oxide modified by tungsten (W = 10, 15 and 20 %) and by molybdenum oxide (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) containg platinum (Pt = 1%) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. For comparison, catalysts the tungsten base was also prepared by the impregnation method. After calcinations at 600, 700 and 800 ?C, the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The profile of metals reduction was determined by temperature programmed reduction. The synthesized catalysts were tested in n-heptane isomerization. X-ray diffractogram of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts revealed the presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and platinum metallic phases in all calcined samples. Diffraction peaks due WO3 and ZrO2 monoclinic also were observed in some samples of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts. In the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts also were observed diffraction peaks due ZrO2 monoclinic and Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. These phases contained on Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied in accordance with the W or Mo loading and in accordance with the calcination temperature. The infrared spectra showed absorption bands due O-W-O and W=O bonds in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts and due O-Mo-O, Mo=O and Mo-O bonds in the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts. Specific surface area for Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 30-160 m2 g-1 and for the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 10-120 m2 g-1. The metals loading (W or Mo) and the calcination temperature influence directly in the specific surface area of the samples. The reduction profile of Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts showed two peaks at lower temperatures, which are attributed to platinum reduction. The reduction of WOx species was evidenced by two reduction peak at high temperatures. In the case of Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts, the reduction profile showed three reduction events, which are attributed to reduction of MoOx species deposited on the support and in some samples one of the peak is related to the reduction of Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were active in the n-heptane isomerization with high selectivity to 3-methyl-hexane, 2,3- dimethyl-pentane, 2-methyl-hexane among other branched hydrocarbons. The Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts practically didn't present activity for the n-heptane isomerization, generating mainly products originating from the catalytic cracking
Catalisadores bifuncionais a base de ?xido de zirc?nio modificado por ?xidos de tungst?nio (W = 10, 15 e 20 %) ou molibd?nio (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) contendo platina (Pt = 1 %) foram preparados pelo m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos. Por compara??o, catalisadores a base de tungst?nio tamb?m foram preparados pelo m?todo de impregna??o. Ap?s calcina??es a 600, 700 e 800 ?C, os catalisadores foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios-X, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho, an?lise termogravim?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, adsor??o de nitrog?nio e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os perfis de redu??o dos metais foram determinados por redu??o a temperatura programada. Os catalisadores sintetizados foram testados na isomeriza??o do n-heptano. Os difratogramas de raios-X dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 revelaram a presen?a do ZrO2 tetragonal e da platina met?lica em todas as amostras calcinadas. Picos de difra??o referentes ao WO3 e ao ZrO2 monocl?nico tamb?m foram observados em algumas das amostras dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2. Nos catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 tamb?m foram observados picos de difra??o referente ao ZrO2 monocl?nico e ao ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. O aparecimento destas outras fases contidas nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variaram de acordo com o teor de W ou Mo e de acordo com a temperatura de calcina??o. Os espectros de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho exibiram bandas de absor??o referentes as liga??es O-W-O e W=O nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e referentes as liga??es O-Mo-O, Mo=O e Mo-O nos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2. A ?rea superficial espec?fica dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 variou de 30-160 m2 g-1 e para os catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variou de 10-120 m2 g-1. O teor de metais (W ou Mo) e a temperatura de calcina??o exercem uma influ?ncia direta no valor da ?rea superficial espec?fica das amostras. Os perfis de redu??o dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 exibiram dois picos a baixas temperaturas, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o da platina. A redu??o das esp?cies WOx foi evidenciada por dois picos de redu??o a altas temperaturas. No caso dos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2, os perfis de redu??o mostram tr?s eventos de redu??o, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o das esp?cies MoOx depositadas no suporte e em algumas amostras um dos picos ? relacionado com a redu??o do ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. Os catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 foram ativos para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano com alta seletividade a 3-metil-hexano, 2,3-dimetil-pentano e 2-metil-hexano entre outros hidrocarbonetos ramificados. Os catalisadores Pt/MoOx- ZrO2 praticamente n?o apresentaram atividade para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano, gerando principalmente produtos oriundos do craqueamento catalitico
Krüger, Justus. „On-surface synthesis of acenes –“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcene sind eine Klasse von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit linear kondensierten Benzolringen. Sie gelten weithin als vielversprechende Materialien für die organische und molekulare Elektronik. Jedoch sind die größeren Moleküle dieser Klasse mit mehr als fünf Ringen chemisch extrem reaktiv und zeigen eine sehr geringe Löslichkeit, daher gibt es bisher nur wenige experimentelle Untersuchungen ihrer Eigenschaften. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Acene mit unterschiedlichen Längen auf einer metallischen Oberfläche stabilisieren und untersuchen zu können. Dabei wird der experimentelle Ansatz der Oberflächensynthese verfolgt und die jeweiligen Acene durch Reduktion von geeigneten Präkursoren direkt an einer metallischen Grenzfläche hergestellt. Hochauflösende Rastersondenmikroskopie an einzelnen Molekülen bei einer Temperatur von 5K nimmt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle im Nachweis der chemischen Umwandlung auf der Oberfläche ein. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit wird die Oberflächensynthese von Acenen am Beispiel von Tetracen (4-Acen) auf Cu(111) eingeführt. Die Ausgangsmoleküle mit funktionellen Gruppen adsorbieren bevorzugt mit ihrer sauerstoffreichen Seite auf dem Substrat und können dort sowohl thermisch als auch mithilfe der Spitze des Rastersondenmikroskops umgewandelt werden. In beiden Fällen wird die planare Adsorptionsgeometrie von Tetracen auf der Oberfläche mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie mit atomarer Auflösung abgebildet. Darauf aufbauend wird Rastertunnelmikroskopie genutzt, um die Selbstassemblierung von Anthracen (3-Acen) und Tetracen nach der jeweiligen Synthese auf Au(111) zu untersuchen. Die Messungen zeigen unerwartete organische Nanostrukturen und supramolekulare Netzwerke, welche sich an der metallischen Grenzfläche durch die induzierte Oberflächenreduktion bilden können. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den elektronischen Eigenschaften von adsorbierten Acenen. Durch die neuartige Methode der Oberflächenreduktion können einzelne Hexacene (6-Acen) auf Au(111) untersucht werden. Messungen basierend auf Rastertunnelspektroskopie geben Hinweise auf die schwache Wechselwirkung mit dem Substrat und zeigen fünf molekulare Eigenzustände, die im Experiment zugänglich sind. Die entsprechenden Abbildungen der differentiellen Leitfähigkeiten mit hoher Ortsauflösung sind in guter Übereinstimmung mit einer quantenmechanischen Modellierung. Schließlich wird die Stabilisierung von Heptacen (7-Acen) von Br-substituierten Präkursoren mittels Rastertunnelmikroskopie mit atomarer Auflösung gezeigt. Dadurch kann die elektronische Struktur von adsorbierten Acenen anhand ihrer Länge verglichen werden
EL, JAZOULI MUSTAPHA. „Formation de liaisons carbone-carbone par l'intermediaire des imidothioesters : applications synthethiques“. Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2016.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle„Synthetic Studies of Curved Heptagon-embedded Polycyclic Arenes“. 2016. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292505.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTu, Hsiao-hsuan, und 涂筱渲. „Mechanical deformation responses of single-walled carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions with a pentagonal-heptagonal defect“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68880610861252149563.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle義守大學
材料科學與工程學系碩士班
97
In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) method was employed to simulate (17,0)/(18,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hetero-junction with the 20 Å and 50 Å in effective lengths, and defects located at top, middle, and bottom of SWCNTs. In addition, (5,0)/(8,0) hetero-junction SWCNT with the 30 Å in effective length and defect located at middle was also being explored. At the system temperatures of 1 K, 300 K, and 1000 K, the deformation behaviors of compression and tension are performed with the boundary conditions and the same compress / tensile rate. For building the model of SWCNT with defect, Tersoff potential function was chosen to simulate the deformation behaviors of compression and tension. In addition, Young''s modulus of the simulation SWCNTs can be obtained and further demonstrate that the size effects and temperature. Simulation results reveal that the tension and compression deformation of (17,0)/(18,0) and (5,0)/(8,0) hetero-junction SWCNTs exhibit similar behavior despite of the length of SWCNTs and defective position. Moreover, the buckling phenomena are displayed near the defect area in SWCNTs because of the concentration of stress in the course of compression. The buckling phenomena in tension or compression behavior occurs early at higher temperature than that at lower one for both types of hetero-junction SWCNTs. In addition, the strain energy density of simulated SWCNTs decreases as the temperature increases.
Chou, Yi-Wen, und 周怡彣. „Effects of Heptanol on the Arrhythmogenic Activity in Ventricular Myocytes of Wild-type and Xinalpha-deficient Mice“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53701506547146556239.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國防醫學院
生理學研究所
99
Introduction Xin, one of the downstream targets of the Nkx2.5 and MEF2C transcription factors, is a striated muscle-specific gene. Xinalpha(named Cardiomyopathy-associated 1 in human), which encodes proteins localized to intercalated discs, may play important roles in cardiac morphogenesis, formation and maintenance of the intercalated disc and myofibril integrity, and in generation and propagation of cardiac action potential in mice. Aim The experimental aims were to investigate the underlying mechanism of heptanol-induced changes on electrophysiological properties in murine hearts. Low concentration of heptanol, a reversible gap junction inhibitor, is used for enhanced conduction defect in this study. And we also confirm whether there is a an antiarrhythmic effect in this model. Material and methods 1. Experimental models: We used PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to confirm genomic type of wild-type (male, C57BL/6J, 20gm) and age-match male mXinalpha-deficient mice (20-30gm). 2. Experimental drug: 1-heptanol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), which belong to lipophilic agents, is a kind of gap junction inhibitor. 3. Experimental methods: (1)Electrocardiographic recording of isolated perfused hearts: The intact heart was isolated from mice and retrogradely perfused through the aortic cannula from a heated storage cylinder with 37℃oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution to produce isolated perfused Langendorff’ preparation. The electrocardiogram was recorded by Hugo Sachs Elektronik-Harvard apparatus GmbH (Germany). (2)Whole-cell patch clamp: The isolated cells were placed in a chamber mounted on the stage of an inverted microscope and superfused with extracellular solution appropriate to each patch clamp experiment. Only cells showing clear cross striations were used for experiment on following ion currents and membrane potentials by means of whole-cell patch clamp techmique. We repectively used current-clamp and voltage-clamp mode to record action potential characteristics and currents, including delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), transient outward potassium currents (Ito), and inward rectifier potassium currents (IK1). (3)Immunofluorescene: We used immunofluorescene to measure ratio of connexin43 in intercalated disk and lateralization. Results When we used surface bipolar electrocardiographic recording (lead II) on isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts at 37℃ in wild-type and mXinalpha-deficient mice. P wave, PQ interval, QRS interval, QT interval, and RR interval were prolonged after heptanol exposure in both wild-type and mXinalpha-deficient mice. And these parameters of mXinalpha-deficient mice were longer than those of wild-type before/after heptanol exposure. Especially, during wash-out period, it revealed the presence of atrial-ventricular block. In addition, in order to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for these phenomena, we used whole-cell patch clamp technique to observe changes of action potential profile and related ionic currents after heptanol exposure. Results showed that heptanol induced significantly shortening of action potential duration at a level of 90% repolarization, augmented delayed outward potassium currents, and reduced inward rectifier potassium currents in both of wild-type and mXinalpha-deficient murine ventricular myocytes. But the changes in transient outward potassium currents were opposite in direction of these two groups. There were reductive in wild-type but augmentative in mXinalpha-deficient mice. Finally, we used immunofluorescene to measure changes of connexin43 position in murine ventricular myocytes. Results showed that there were more connexin43 lateralization in myocytes. Conclusion Our data suggest that heptanol not only changes in ionic currents but also related junctional proteins in mXinalpha-deficient mice, and it may provide a therapeutic consideration in treating arrhythmia in the future.
Kuhr, Christian [Verfasser]. „CFD-Simulation der dynamischen Eigenschaften großer Kerosin- und Heptan-Poolflammen / vorgelegt von Christian Kuhr“. 2008. http://d-nb.info/994472811/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFriederichs, Britta [Verfasser]. „Einfluss der Weichmachermetaboliten Monoethylhexyl-Phthalat (MEHP) und 4-Heptanon auf die Transkriptionsfaktoren PPARα [PPAR-alpha] und PPARγ [PPAR-gamma] in humanen Leber- und Endothelzellen / vorgelegt von Britta Friederichs“. 2008. http://d-nb.info/989776859/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeihofen, Wilhelm [Verfasser]. „Strukturelle Basis für die kooperative Bindung des ω-Repressors [Omega-Repressors] an direkte und invertierte Wiederholungen von DNA-Heptaden / von Wilhelm Weihofen“. 2005. http://d-nb.info/976778203/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYen-Lin, Chen, und 陳彥霖. „Effect of Heptanol on the Conduction and Arrhythmogenic Activity in the Left Atrium-Pulmonary Veins of Wild-Type and Xin-Alpha-Deficient Mouse“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70667308759122445664.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國防醫學院
生理學研究所
95
Introduction Recent clinical studies show that pulmonary veins (PVs) are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanism for focal atrial fibrillation (AF) originated from the pulmonary veins (PVs) is not currently known, but it could enhances automaticity or triggered activity or reentrant rhythms. It has been suggested that, due to lack of a critical mass of > 100 – 200 mm2, it would be difficult to induce AF in the heart of small animal (such as mice). Even with the recent progression of the technology of murine electrophysiological studies, few reports describe atrial tachycardia or fibrillation in mice. Xin, one of the downstream targets of the Nkx2.5 and MEF2C transcription factors, is a striated muscle-specific gene. Xin protein localizes to the adherens junctions and gap junctions of the intercalated discs. It may play important roles in cardiac morphogenesis, formation and maintenance of the intercalated disc and myofibril integrity, and in generation and propagation of cardiac action potential. Our previous results show that AF could be induced in LA-PV in 3 out of 11 wild type preparations but none in 24 Xinα-null preparations exposed to perfusate containing Ach plus atropine or high [Ca2+]o-low [K+]o solution. This observation prompts us to further investigate the conduction velocity and arrhythmogenesis. Aim We used a multi-electrode extracellular recording system (Panasonic MED64) to detect focal fibrillation occurred in the LA-PV tissues of the wild-type and Xin-deficient mouse heart. Effects of heptanol, a gap junction inhibitor, were tested to clarify whether or not it is possible to induce AF in wild-type vs. mXinα-deficient LA-PV preparations. Material and Methods (1) Gene typing PCR(polymerase chain reaction)was used to confirm genomic type of Xin-deficient mice. (2) Drug Heptanol: gap junction inhibitor (3) Electrocardiographic recordings of isolated perfused hearts The intact heart was isolated from mice and mounted on Langendorff’s apparatus via aortic cannula. Immediately, the hearts was retrogradely perfused through the aortic cannula from a heated storage cylinder with 37 ℃ oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution to produce isolated perfused Langendorff’ preparation. The electrocardio- gram (ECG) was recorded by Hugo Sachs Elektronik-Harvard apparatus GmbH (Germany). (4) MED64 system Extra-cellular recordings of cardiac electrical activities and CVs were determined with a MED64 system on left atrial-pulmonary veins tissues (LA-PV preparations) driven at 3.3 Hz. (5) Microeletrode techniques and transducer Action potentials were recorded by microeletrode techniques and twitch force by a transducer. The remaining LA-PVs were driven at 4 Hz. Results Results show that the P wave and QT interval of Xinα-/- mouse were significantly longer than those of WT ones. Heptanol (10 μM) inhibited atrial-ventricular (A-V) conduction and could result in arrhythmias. To explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the wider P wave, conduction velocity (CV) of LA-PV preparations driven at 3.3 Hz were determined. Results showed that the CV of mXinα-/- and mXinα+/- LA-PV preparations was significantly slower than that of WT (27.6+1.2 and 45.7+4.4 vs. 67.4+6.4 cm/s, P<0.05) and more so in the presence of 800 μM heptanol. During washout of heptanol, the WT and Xinα+/- LA-PVs could induce AF by higher frequency stimuli (30 Hz) in 6 out of 9 preparations. However, similar 30 Hz pacing could induce AF only in 1 out of 9 mXinα-/- LA-PV. The remaining LA-PVs were driven at 4 Hz. Action potentials (APs) were recorded by microelectrode techniques and twitch force by a transducer. Heptanol reduced the contractile force and prolonged AP duration (APD). Conclusion It is concluded that mXinα-/- mice have a prolonged action potential duration (APD) and slower CV which would result in a wider P wave and AV block. Heptanol reduced the contractile force and prolonged APD. Results of our experiments reveal a high incidence of atrial fibrillation in WT vs. homozygous mXinα-deficient mice. The mXinα-/- mice could be a good model for the study of atrial fibrillation.
Herberth, Edith. „Hydro- und Carboborierungs-/Oxidationsreaktionen von Tricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptan-Derivaten sowie Synthese und Solvolyse-Reaktionen von exo,exo-Bicyclo[1.1.0]butan-2,4-dimethanoldimethansulfonat“. Doctoral thesis, 2002. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe known transformation of bromotricycloheptane 4 into the homoallylalcohol 76 by hydroboration/oxidation was performed different to the earlier procedure by using in the first step a THF solution of borane generated in situ from sodiumborohydride and elemental iodine. Furthermore chlorotricycloheptane 26 and methyltricycloheptane 62 could be transformed into the homoallylalcohol 108 and 109, respectively, by using the same reaction conditions. Beside 4, 26, 62 and phenyltricycloheptane 15, which hydroboration/oxidation to homoallylalcohol 45a succeeded earlier, a variety of bicyclo[1.1.0]butane derivatives was treated with borane and then the mixture was oxidized. But no reaction resulted in a product analogous to the homoallylalcohols 45a, 76, 108 and 109. About the reason for the failure of these reactions at this time only can be speculated. However, in the case of 3,4-benzotricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]heptane (83) evidence was given for formation of oligomers from the substrate. The ability to stabilize a positive charge of the substituents at the tricycloheptane system is to be considered as a reason for the addition of borane to 4, 15, 26 and 62. Based on the transformation of 4 with trideuteroborane certain reaction mechanisms, for example that via the rearrangement product 119 of 4 and hydroboration of 119, were excluded and that with the zwitterion 120 was supported. 120 should rearrange through a 1,2-shift of deuteride into cyclohexenylmethylborane 121 which is seen as a precursor in the oxidation reaction to the isolated product 87. The reactions of 4 and 15 with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) followed by oxidation of the mixture generated depending on the addition rate of 9-BBN to the substrate the dialcohols 122 and 123, respectively, in both cases as a diastereomeric mixture and/or the homoallylalcohol 76 and 45a, respectively. Zwitterions 124, trialkylboranes 125, zwitterions 127 and trialkylboranes 128 and 129 are considered as precursors for the compounds 122 and 123. The zwitterions 124 should be formed by addition of 9-BBN to the substrates 4 and 15 and should be transformed by hydride shift into 125 which should give rise to zwitterions 126 and then 127 after addition of 4/15. 1,2-Shift of a carbon atom of the eight-membered ring should lead to 128 and 129 which should be transformed into 122/123 by oxidation. Dimesylate exo,exo-142 was obtained in a more step reaction via the known dibromodialcohol 148 starting from benzvalene (82). The alcohol groups of 148 were protected with trimethylsilyl chloride by formation of the bis(silyl ether) 151. Bicyclo-butane exo,exo-152 was obtained from 151 by reaction with tert-butyllithium. After removing the protecting groups with potassium carbonate in methanol the dialcohol exo,exo-150 was formed. This alcohol reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to the target molecule exo,exo-142. The reaction of a 2:1 mixture of exo,exo-150 and 157 with sodium hydride and iodoethane generated the bis(silyl ethers) 160 and 161 in 38% and 19% yield, respectively. For the solvolyses reactions a 36:1:16 mixture of exo,exo-142, endo,endo-142 and 159 was used. After reacting the mixture in 60% acetone/water in the presence of triethylamine at 40 °C during five days the NMR spectra showed a decrease of exo,exo-142 by 75% (determined by using 159 as internal standard) while no product could be identified. The ethanolysis at 40 °C during three days in the presence of triethylamine produced a 3.5:2.8:1.0 mixture of exo,exo-142, 159 and 162. The compound 162 was formed with 70% yield (based on exo,exo-142 consumed). The NMR spectra showed that the proportion of exo,exo-142 had decreased by 30% (determined by using 159 as internal standard). After seven days using the same reaction conditions the proportion of exo,exo-142 decreased by 50% (determined by using 159 as internal standard) and a 1:1:1 mixture of exo,exo-142, 159 and 162 was obtained. 162 was formed with 50% yield (based on exo,exo-142 consumed). Solvolysis in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 40 °C during three days in the presence of triethylamine produced a 3.2:2.0:1.0 mixture of exo,exo-142, 159 und 163. In the NMR spectra a decrease of exo,exo-142 by 20% was observed (determined by using 159 as internal standard). The solvolyses reactions of the dimesylate exo,exo-142 proceed, in contrast to those of its diastereomer endo,endo-142, solely with formation of unrearranged products and therefore they offer for the first time strong evidence for the intermediacy of a bicyclo[1.1.0]-but-2-exo-ylcarbinyl cation (166). It should be expected that the compounds 162 and 163 solvolyses on their part to give the bis(ethyl ether) 160 and its hexafluoro-derivative, respectively, but these compounds are not stable under the solvolyses conditions. This was proved by a control experiment
„Estudo experimental e modelagem da entalpia em excesso de soluções liquidas binarias contendo 1-heptanol/acetonitrila e 1-octanol/acetonitrila a 298.15, 313,15, 323,15 K e pressão atmosterica“. Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2003. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000297404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTsai, Bing-Chun, und 蔡秉均. „Study on the Diels-Alder reactions of Masked 4-Substituted-o-benzoquinones and (1S)-7,7-dimethyl-1-(nitrosocarbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03433490902253408996.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle中原大學
化學研究所
100
This thesis is concerned with asymmetric nitroso-Diels-Alder (ANDA) reactions of masked-o-benzoquinones (MOBs) with nitroso dienophiles deriver from (+)-camphorsulfonic acid. The studied reactions gave 75%-89% yield and 83%-99% disastereoselsetivities and the relationship between specific rotation and absolute configuration of the ANDA products were determined by HPLC and X-ray crystallography.
陳哲嘉. „7,7-Dimethyl-1-morpholin-4-yl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol催化炔對醛不對稱加成反應“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02103045688289465698.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立清華大學
化學系
94
The asymmetric addition of alkynylizinc to benzaldehyde were catalized by the chiral β-amino alcohol 3 derived from ketopinic acid in few stepts. When the addition of alkynylizinc to benzaldehyde was conducted at -20oC in the presence of 10 mol% catalyst, the alkynyl alcohol was obtained in 83% yield and 45% e.e.