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1
REISCH, MARC S. „FLAME RETARDANTS SALES HEAT UP“. Chemical & Engineering News 75, Nr. 8 (24.02.1997): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n008.p019.
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Lyu, Xiaozhong, Cuiqing Jiang, Yong Ding, Zhao Wang und Yao Liu. „Sales Prediction by Integrating the Heat and Sentiments of Product Dimensions“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 3 (11.02.2019): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030913.
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Online word-of-mouth (eWOM) disseminated on social media contains a considerable amount of important information that can predict sales. However, the accuracy of sales prediction models using big data on eWOM is still unsatisfactory. We argue that eWOM contains the heat and sentiments of product dimensions, which can improve the accuracy of prediction models based on multiattribute attitude theory. In this paper, we propose a dynamic topic analysis (DTA) framework to extract the heat and sentiments of product dimensions from big data on eWOM. Ultimately, we propose an autoregressive heat-sentiment (ARHS) model that integrates the heat and sentiments of dimensions into the benchmark predictive model to forecast daily sales. We conduct an empirical study of the movie industry and confirm that the ARHS model is better than other models in predicting movie box-office revenues. The robustness check with regard to predicting opening-week revenues based on a back-propagation neural network also suggests that the heat and sentiments of dimensions can improve the accuracy of sales predictions when the machine-learning method is used.
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Addoum, Jawad M., David T. Ng und Ariel Ortiz-Bobea. „Temperature Shocks and Establishment Sales“. Review of Financial Studies 33, Nr. 3 (14.02.2020): 1331–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz126.
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Abstract Combining granular daily data on temperatures across the continental United States with detailed establishment data from 1990 to 2015, we study the causal impact of temperature shocks on establishment sales and productivity. Using a large sample yielding precise estimates, we do not find evidence that temperature exposures significantly affect establishment-level sales or productivity, including among industries traditionally classified as “heat sensitive.” At the firm level, we find that temperature exposures aggregated across firm establishments are generally unrelated to sales, productivity, and profitability. Our results support existing findings of a tenuous relation between temperature and aggregate economic growth in rich countries.
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Zhang, Guoquan, und Haibin Qiu. „Competitive Product Identification and Sales Forecast Based on Consumer Reviews“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (16.09.2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2370692.
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Sellers readily obtain consumer product evaluations from online reviews in order to identify competitive products in detail and predict sales. Firstly, we collect product review data from shopping websites, social media, product communities, and other online platforms to identify product competitors with the help of word-frequency cooccurrence technology. We take mobile phones as an example to mine and analyze product competition information. Then, we calculate the product review quantity, review emotion value, product-network heat, and price statistics and establish the regression model of online product review forecasts. In addition, the neural-network model is established to suggest that the relationships among factors are linear. On the basis of analyzing and discussing the impact of product sales of the competitors, product price, the emotional value of the reviews, and product-network popularity, we construct the sales forecast model. Finally, to verify the validity of the factor analysis affecting the sales and the rationality of the established model, actual sales data are used to further analyze and verify the model, showing that the model is reasonable and effective.
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Li, Yong, und Tian Jiao Jia. „Mathematical Model of the Generated Energy Based on “Ordering Power by Heat”“. Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (Dezember 2012): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1294.
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Now China has a lot of low-efficiency, large- pollution and small-capacity captive power plant, it is not conducive to energy conservation, also affect the power company electricity sales, so we should achieved “ordering power by heat” to limit the actual generated energy that does not belong to the generated energy based on “ordering power by heat”. This article used the thermoelectric separation method to calculate the generated energy based on “ordering power by heat”. It has laid a certain foundation to truly realize the “ordering power by heat”.
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Parker, James, David Glew, Martin Fletcher, Felix Thomas und Christopher Gorse. „Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, Nr. 3 (28.10.2016): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416675389.
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Heat exchange between chilled food storage and conditioned spaces in large food retail stores is not currently required as part of design stage regulatory compliance energy performance models. Existing work has identified that this exchange has a significant impact on store energy demand and subsequently leads to unrealistic assessment of building performance. Research presented in this article uses whole building dynamic thermal simulation models that are calibrated against real store performance data, quantifying the impact of the refrigeration driven heat exchange. Proxy refrigerated units are used to simulate the impact of these units for the sales floor areas. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be simplified with the aim of calculating a realistic process heat exchange for refrigeration and including this in thermal simulation models; a protocol for the measurement of chilled sales areas and their inclusion in the building models is also proposed. It is intended that this modelling approach and the calculated process heat exchange inputs can be used to improve the dynamic thermal simulation of large food retail stores, reduce gaps between predicted and actual performance and provide more representative inputs for design stage and regulatory compliance energy calculations. Practical application: The modelling methodology and research findings presented in the article are of practical use for building energy modelling engineers using dynamic simulation models to design and/or evaluate the energy performance of large food retail stores. The methodology can be used in the design of new facilities or the evaluation of large scale retrofit projects. It is also of practical interest to energy and facility managers within large food retail organisations as it will aid their understanding of applied energy performance models.
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Lin, Chun-Wei R., Yuh-Jiuan Melody Parng und Yu-Lin Chen. „Profit optimization of sustainable low-to-medium temperature waste heat recovering management“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, Nr. 2 (12.03.2018): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2017-0148.
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Purpose Responding to natural resource depletion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission problems, and also the stricter government’s energy regulations, the purpose of this paper is to develop a sustainable waste heat recovery optimal-profit-oriented management model especially targeting on the easily forgotten low- and medium-temperature waste heat in the industry. In the paper, a system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit. Design/methodology/approach This paper integrates an efficient Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system from both sustainable energy reservation and cost effectiveness approaches with an optimization model that adopts particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine proper installation locations and feasible generator sets. The system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit. The model considers the environmental factors: temperature, heat amount, equipment configuration of the number of ORC sets, and detailed investment cost constraints. Findings The results show that annual investment return rate, annual increase in electricity, power generation efficiency, and annual CO2 emission reduction are all highly improved, and investment recovery period is shortened. Also, the larger scale of the waste heat emission, the better the performance is achieved. Finally, the study also completes a sensitivity test under dynamic conditions of electricity price, generator sales price and factory budget constraints, and the results are consistently robust. More valuably, this paper demonstrates applications on two different manufacturing industries with various waste heat emission scales to prove the accountability. Originality/value The main contributions are in three aspects. First, it proves that applying PSO to a nonlinear mathematical model can help determine the optimal number and style configuration of generators for waste heat sources. Second, different from the prior research works focusing on power generation, this paper also deliberates the cost factors, cost of generators, costs of numerous peripheral components and future maintenance costs to ensure the factories not conflict with the financial limitations. Third, it is not only successfully applied in two industries with different scales, but also robust with various economic tests, electricity price change, generator sales price change, and investment budget adjustments.
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Сазонова, Светлана, Svetlana Sazonova, Сергей Николенко, S. Nikolenko, Максим Манохин und Maksim Manohin. „DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR MONITORING WATER HEAT HEATING WITH SALES OF VALUABLE ROCKS OF FORESTS“. Forestry Engineering Journal 8, Nr. 3 (10.09.2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b97a15e9393c4.46673542.
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Kim, Hyo-Jin, Jae-Sung Baek und Seung-Hoon Yoo. „Price Elasticity of Heat Demand in South Korean Manufacturing Sector: An Empirical Investigation“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 21 (04.11.2019): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216144.
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Heat is a crucial input supplied in the form of steam or hot water to industrial production of South Korea. Estimating the demand function for heat in the manufacturing sector is all the more important a task in terms of policy because heat consumption in the manufacturing sector is increasing because using heat directly as a fuel can reduce the air pollutants emissions and save energy when compared with using electricity, which is secondary energy. Thus, this article tries to estimate the demand function for industrial heat in the manufacturing sector of South Korea using cross-sectional data for analyzing the influence of manufacturing firms’ characteristics. To this end, 257 observations collected from a nationwide survey of manufacturing firms in 2017 are used and analyzed. As a robust approach, the least absolute deviations estimation method is applied to obtain the demand function. The results show that the price elasticity and sales amount elasticity of the industrial heat demand are estimated to be −0.8476 and 1.0144, respectively, which are statistically significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, the economic benefits of industrial heat consumption are computed to be 1.59 times as great as the price of heat. The results of this study can be utilized in policy planning, making, and evaluation.
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Atănăsoae, Pavel. „The Operating Strategies of Small-Scale Combined Heat and Power Plants in Liberalized Power Markets“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (10.11.2018): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113110.
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Distributed generation is a good option for future energy systems with respect to sustainable development. In this context, the small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) plants are seen as an efficient way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to lower fuel consumption compared to the separate generation of the heat and electricity. The objective of this paper is to establish operating strategies of the small-scale CHP plants to reduce operational cost and increase revenue in liberalized electricity markets. It analyzes a cogeneration plant with organic Rankine cycle and biomass fuel under the conditions of the Romanian electricity market and the green certificates support scheme for electricity generated in high efficiency cogeneration and from renewable sources. The main finding is that choosing an appropriate mode of operation and using correlated prices of heat and electricity can increase the trading profitability of a CHP plant in liberalized power markets. This can be done by an analysis of the particularities and the specific operating conditions of the CHP plant. The results show that the operating strategies of the CHP plant can yield substantial net revenues from electricity and heat sales. The CHP plant can be economically operated to a useful heat load of more than 40% when operating strategies are applied.
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Haque, Ehsan ul. „DAWLANCE (Private) Limited: The Air Fryer Microwave Oven Launch“. Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, Nr. 2 (22.08.2019): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820119858521.
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On September 17th, 2015, Mr Hasan Jameel, Head of Marketing at Dawlance’, needs to firm up marketing mix details for the planned launch of their first microwave oven with air fryer technology. The original plan was to launch the air fryer as a five-in-one microwave oven which would allow consumers to heat, cook, bake, grill, and air fry food items using the same oven. Some managers at Dawlance; however, are concerned that offering so many options in one oven would increase the complexity and costs leading to high prices and reduced sales. They think that air fryer technology should be offered as a stand-alone unit, similar to those of competitors. Pricing is also a concern. Various price points from PKR 18,000 to PKR 30,000 are possible. Finally, the advertising and distribution spend is under consideration. Mr Jameel needs to finalise his recommendations for the upcoming presentation to the MD.
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Teräsvirta, Antti, Sanna Syri und Pauli Hiltunen. „Small Nuclear Reactor—Nordic District Heating Case Study“. Energies 13, Nr. 15 (23.07.2020): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153782.
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Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have been recognized to have potential in decarbonizing district heating, which is currently an urgent sustainability challenge in many European countries. In this paper, the financial impacts of replacing peat and biomass-powered Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants with heat-only reactors of 24–200 MW power range and maximum output temperatures of 120 °C are studied. A district heating system of a medium-sized Nordic city in Eastern Finland is modeled with EnergyPRO computer software (EMD International A/S, Aalborg, Denmark), which is used to optimize plant units’ production for cost effectiveness. A future scenario is used to predict electricity prices, expenditures from CO2 emission allowances, and fuel prices for the studied case. Results show that the low operating expenditures of CO2 free heat-only reactors would compensate for the revenue losses from electricity sales and that a small number of micro reactors, with power output in the tens of megawatts range each, would be optimal for the studied case. Since investment cost estimates for SMRs still bear significant uncertainties, the subject should be followed in further studies, as heat-only SMRs could provide a profitable alternative for current CHP production in the future.
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Sejkorová, Marie, Ivana Hurtová, Josef Glos und Jan Pokorný. „Definition of a Motor Oil Change Interval for High‑Volume Diesel Engines Based on its Current Characteristics Assessment“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, Nr. 2 (2017): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765020481.
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Evaluation of motor oils is given a big attention due to a fact that during the years it was proven that lubrication is a key factor influencing a service life of vehicles and industrial engines. Motor oil must fully serve in various operational conditions (such as city traffic with frequent braking and acceleration) as well as in different climatic conditions (arctic winters or tropical summer heat). Therefore, the change of the motor oil should be optimized in order to ensure proper engine efficiency and extend its service life. The article presents result of testing of two types of used motor oils with the same specification ACEA E4/E7, SAE 10W‑40, from two different suppliers. These oils were used in a high‑volume diesel engine of IVECO CITY BUS. The sales representatives recently offered a more expensive motor oil (in the text marked oil B) claimed that in their oil can extend the change interval from 40,000 km to 80,000 km. Evaluation of selected parameters did not prove that after exceeding of change interval 40,000 km, the more expensive motor oil would ensure all required functions as it had been declared by the supplier’s sales representative.
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Noguchi, Masa, und Darragh Collins. „Commercialisation Strategies For Net Zero-Energy-Cost Housing in Japan“. Open House International 33, Nr. 3 (01.09.2008): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2008-b0010.
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Today, Japanese housing manufacturers compete to produce net zero-energy-cost houses that are usually equipped with some renewable energy technologies-e.g. a solar photovoltaic electric power generating system, a CO2 refrigerant heat-pump water heater and a combined heat and power system. Interestingly, the manufacturers tend to install these costly renewable technologies as standard equipment rather than options. To initiate and maintenance the sales of their environmentally-friendly houses, the manufacturers bring into effect their quality-oriented production and user-oriented communication approaches. The manufacturers' way to commercialise their industrialised housing to some extent reflects their high cost-performance marketing strategy. This paper somewhat reflects the learning outcomes of the Zero-carbon PV Mass Custom Home Technical Mission to Japan that the first author organised in 2006 and 2007. It is aimed at identifying the manufacturers' essential commercialisation strategies being applied for the niche-marketing of their net zero-energy-cost housing.
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Sim, Minjeong, Dongjun Suh und Marc-Oliver Otto. „Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Decision Support Model for Integrating Renewable Energy Systems in a Korean Campus Building“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (03.08.2021): 8660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158660.
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Renewable energy systems are an alternative to existing systems to achieve energy savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Subsequently, preventing the reckless installation of renewable energy systems and formulating appropriate energy policies, including sales strategies, is critical. Thus, this study aimed to achieve energy reduction through optimal selection of the capacity and lifetime of solar thermal (ST) and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems that can reduce the thermal energy of buildings including the most widely used photovoltaic (PV) systems. Additionally, this study explored decision-making for optimal PV, ST, and GSHP installation considering economic and environmental factors such as energy sales strategy and electricity price according to energy policies. Therefore, an optimization model based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization was proposed to maximize lifecycle cost and energy savings based on the target energy savings according to PV capacity. Furthermore, the proposed model was verified through a case study on campus buildings in Korea: PV 60 kW and ST 32 m2 GSHP10 kW with a lifetime of 50 years were found to be the optimal combination and capacity. The proposed model guarantees economic optimization, is scalable, and can be used as a decision-making model to install renewable energy systems in buildings worldwide.
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Salter, Stephen J. „When Low-Carbon means Low-Cost“. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 2, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2011100102.
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Ecology is often discussed as a matter of balance, in which environmental protection must be affordable and not interfere with jobs or the economy. At the same time, the economy is based on wastefulness. It has been estimated that the embodied energy in wasted food in the United States is greater than the energy available from the production of ethanol and from the annual yield from petroleum drilling in the outer continental shelf (Cuéllar & Webber, 2010). In addition, rising demand for fossil fuels is being met by sources that bring increasing environmental risk. This paper summarizes the industrial ecology aspects of a 2010 study completed by a cross-functional team of specialists in ecology, engineering, economics, and governance in Vancouver, Canada. The Integrated Resource Recovery Study, Metro Vancouver North Shore Communities (the North Shore Study) modeled the value of producing reclaimed water, electricity, and heat from wastewater, clean organic wood waste, and waste heat from industry simultaneously. The results suggest that this integrated approach could yield significant ecological benefits, and reduce the community’s greenhouse gas emissions by 25%. In addition, revenues from sales of recovered heat, water, greenhouse gas credits, and fertilizer could significantly reduce the cost of municipal waste management to taxpayers.
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Lin, Shu-Hwa. „Computer Technology“. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 7, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicte.2011010108.
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This paper describes an innovative course wherein students and faculty collaborate to design, manufacture, manage, and sell organic cotton tote bags. Students remained responsible for the project from start to finish. Responsibilities included all aspects of product development from market research and design conceptualization to producing, promoting and selling the finished tote bag embellished with a heat transfer printed department logo. Moreover, the project required students to develop proficiency in multiple specific computer software programs to facilitate the product development process and ongoing management of promoting, distributing and selling the goods. With the development of fashion design and management skills and applications of computer technology, student projects were successfully executed. Based on positive student evaluations and profitable sales, the course was highly rated.
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Ngabalin, Daniel, und Eygner Gerald Talakua. „Usaha Pengolahan Ikan dan Cacing Laut (Kian) Asap di Ohoi Wab, Kecamatan Hoat Sorbay“. Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, Nr. 1 (19.06.2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.3.1.52-59.
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Smoked fish processing business in Wab Village still used traditional methods (fumigation open) and are household enterprises (micro-scale enterprises) can be seen from the aspect of production and management aspects. Two aspects of this raise the priority issues faced by partners namely: how the fish correct fumigation techniques? What forms fumigation appropriate tool? How to manage capital and production business properly? How do I do the recording business activities in the notebook business correctly? And how to sell or market products correctly? Through methods of participatory rural appraisal, fisheries extension method, and the method pretest-posttest control group design, the implementation of community service activities carried out as a priority the settlement solution problem by doing: 1) Initial extension of community service activities; 2) Extension of heat curing, heat curing tool making appropriate, and the use of heat curing; 3) Counseling on capital management and production; 4) Extension of book production business records; and 5) Counseling about pricing, promotion, and strategy for dealing with the business of competition. So the outcome reached was contained fish products and marine worms (increasingly) the smoke as much as 25 / week; there are two tools used fumigation partners; there were five notebooks submitted to partners and capable of recording the three notebooks (book purchases, sales, and profit/loss); and 50 fish and marine worms (increasingly) smoke marketed in Wab Village.
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Tsydenova, Morillas, Hernández, Soria, Wilches und Pehlken. „Feasibility and Barriers for Anaerobic Digestion in Mexico City“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 15 (30.07.2019): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154114.
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Due to the high organic fraction in municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in Mexico City, anaerobic digestion (AD) is considered as a viable treatment method for organics in this study. The most feasible way refers to the waste from the wholesale market Central de Abasto, which is predominantly organics. This work aims to perform a business plan and discuss the barriers for AD technology in Mexico. In this case study, the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) approach is applied to estimate the profitability of the project. The net present value of this project is positive, and the model resulted in a payback period of 7 years. Identified barriers to feasibility of energy generation through biogas of MSW in Mexico include the need for large investment, low profitability through sales of electricity, and no use for generated heat. An attractive panorama for clean energy in Mexico was not evidenced, even though the Energy Reform took place in 2013. However, the environmental analysis also demonstrates a positive environmental impact of 730 kg CO2 per 1 Mg of MSW. Therefore, support incentives are needed to promote the use of other by-products of the AD process, such as heat and digestate.
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Moore, Richard, und Ian Long. „A low-cost deepwater gas development solution using subsea dehydration“. APPEA Journal 56, Nr. 2 (2016): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15110.
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Existing solutions for deepwater gas are being challenged in the present economic environment. Surface solutions result in large facilities that are heavy and costly to build. Additionally, subsea solutions are also challenged when confronted with long distance tie-backs. A new approach has emerged—a hybrid sales gas subsea process using subsea dehydration. Existing subsea gas developments rely on either adding chemicals or heat and insulation to avoid hydrate formation. This has been very successful across short to medium tie-back distances and relatively shallow waters. Across longer distances and deeper waters, however, it can prove far less efficient and more costly—this is not the standard method to process gas either onshore or on platforms. The main way to avoid hydrates is to remove the water. Gas dehydration is a standard process operation in surface facilities. This technology now exists in the subsea environment. Active cooling is used to remove the bulk of the water above the hydrate formation temperature. A Sales Gas Subsea process is then used to produce a dry single-phase gas. Power generation and condensate export (if needed) is provided by a simple low-pressure floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) or equivalent surface facility. This process, together with an innovative hybrid development concept, is described in this extended abstract. For many gas fields, this concept can deliver a 20–40% cost reduction at an acceptable project risk.
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Greyvenstein, Ockert, Terri Starman, Brent Pemberton, Genhua Niu und David Byrne. „Development of a Rapid Screening Method for Selection Against High Temperature Susceptibility in Garden Roses“. HortScience 50, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2015): 1757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.12.1757.
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The decline of garden rose sales over the past 20 years can be partially attributed to the lack of material adapted to a wide range of landscapes, which includes adaptation to high temperature stress. Current methods for evaluating high temperature susceptibility in garden roses are based on field observations, which are time consuming and subjected to ever-changing environmental conditions. A series of experiments were conducted to optimize protocols and compare the use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CFL) and cell membrane thermostability (MTS) by way of electrolyte leakage as methods to screen for high temperature susceptibility. Immature leaves proved better than mature leaves for both CFL and MTS measurements, using either detached leaf or whole plant stress assays. MTS measured on immature leaves stressed in a water bath at 50 °C for 45 minutes proved most consistent in separating rose clones based on high temperature susceptibility. Stressing actively growing plants with flower buds of 2 mm in diameter in a heat chamber at 44 °C for 3 hours resulted in increased flower abscission and leaf necrotic lesions on more susceptible clones when compared with those that were heat tolerant. Combining MTS measurements from immature leaves stressed in a water bath with the flower abscission and leaf necrosis responses 10 days after stress in a heat chamber could be the first step to screen and select against the more susceptible clones in a garden rose breeding program. Power analyses suggest that the proposed MTS protocol would be efficient in detecting differences between clones when the difference in electrolyte leakage is greater than 10%.
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Conner, David S., Kurt B. Waldman, Adam D. Montri, Michael W. Hamm und John A. Biernbaum. „Hoophouse Contributions to Economic Viability: Nine Michigan Case Studies“. HortTechnology 20, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2010): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.877.
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Relatively low-cost season extension structures have the potential to contribute to farm economic viability in temperate climates by providing a means to continue sales beyond the limits of outdoor-only field production. These structures, commonly called hoophouses, high tunnels, passive solar greenhouses, or unheated greenhouses, allow for the extension of heat-tolerant (warm season) crops on both ends of the production time frame and at winter harvesting of cold-tolerant (cool season) crops. In this study, results are presented from a multiyear investigation into the economic impacts of year-round production and harvesting, with a focus on profitability of the structure and crop production as a whole. The results of case studies from nine Michigan farms reveal a very broad range of outcomes across farms in construction time, labor allocation and returns, and gross and net revenue. The economic implications of farmer use, including projected investment payback time, are discussed.
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Oorschot, Leo, und Wessel De Jonge. „Progress and Stagnation of Renovation, Energy Efficiency, and Gentrification of Pre-War Walk-Up Apartment Buildings in Amsterdam Since 1995“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 9 (05.05.2019): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092590.
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Increasing the energy efficiency of the housing stock has been one of the largest challenges of the built environment in the Netherlands in recent decades. Parallel with the energy transition there is an ongoing revaluation of the architectural quality of pre-war residential buildings. In the past, urban renewal was traditionally based on demolition and replacement with new buildings. This has changed to the improvement of old buildings through renovation. Housing corporations developed an approach for the deep renovation of their housing stock in the period 1995–2015. The motivation to renovate buildings varied, but the joint pattern that emerged was quality improvement of housing in cities, focusing particularly on energy efficiency, according to project data files from the NRP institute (Platform voor Transformatie en Renovatie). However, since 2015 the data from the federation of Amsterdam-based housing associations AFWC (Amsterdamse Federatie Woningcorporaties) has shown the transformation of pre-war walk-up apartment buildings has stagnated. The sales of units are slowing down, except in pre-war neighbourhoods. Housing associations have sold their affordable housing stock of pre-war property in Amsterdam inside the city’s ring road. The sales revenue was used to build new affordable housing far beyond the ring road. This study highlights the profound influence of increasing requirements established by the European Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD) and the revised Housing Act of 1 July 2015, for the renovation of the pre-war housing stock. The transformation process to climate-neutral neighbourhoods inside the ring road is slowing down because of new property owners, making a collective heat network difficult to realize; furthermore, segregation of residents is appearing in Amsterdam.
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Napier, D. M., und M. J. McMahon. „Improving Fuchsia Cutting Performance by Grafting“. HortScience 32, Nr. 3 (Juni 1997): 437B—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.437b.
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Increased sales have demonstrated a demand for certain popular cultivars of fuchsia. One of the difficulties in meeting the demand for some of these cultivars has been a low production of cuttings. Grafting was investigated as a means to improve cutting production and performance. Tip cuttings of the poor producer `Little Beauty' were grafted as scions to unrooted cuttings from the more-vigorous cultivars `Beacon' and `Dollar Princess', both known to have very well-developed root systems. `Black Prince', another poor producer with a weak root system, was likewise grafted to unrooted cuttings of the cultivar `Gartenmeister', another cultivar with a vigorous root system. The grafted cuttings were placed in a white poly tent on the greenhouse bench for 7 to 10 days for the graft union to heal and then placed under mist with bottom heat until roots formed. Controls were cuttings from ungrafted plants of the poor producers and autografts of the poor produceers. Cuttings grown from grafted plants of `Little Beauty' on `Beacon' or `Dollar Princess' were »40% larger than cuttings from autografted or nongrafted plants. In the case of `Black Prince' grafted to `Gartenmeister', the resulting cuttings were 100% larger than cuttings grown from autografted or nongrafted plants. The root systems of cuttings from grafted plants developed better than those cuttings from controls.
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Vourdoubas, John. „Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece“. Studies in Engineering and Technology 5, Nr. 1 (28.01.2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v5i1.2961.
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Creation of zero CO2 emission enterprises due to energy use in Crete, Greece has been examined with reference to an orange juice producing plant (Viochym). Energy intensity at Viochym has been estimated at 1.66 KWh per € of annual sales. Oil used for heat generation has been replaced with solid biomass produced locally in Crete and resulting in zero CO2 emissions due to the use of heat. Offsetting CO2 emissions due to grid electricity use has been proposed with two options. The first includes the installation of a solar photovoltaic system with nominal power of 417 KWp, according to net metering regulations, generating annually 625 MWh equal to annual grid electricity consumption in the plant. Its capital cost has been estimated at 0.5 mil € which corresponds to 1.07 € per kg of CO2 saved annually.The second option includes the creation of a tree plantation in an area of 107 hectare resulting in carbon sequestration equal to carbon emissions in the plant due to electricity use. Both options for offsetting CO2 emissions in Viochym have various advantages and drawbacks and they are considered realistic and feasible, resulting in the elimination of its carbon emissions due to energy use. Improvement of the energy intensity of various processes in Viochym could result in lower CO2 emissions and smaller sizing of the required renewable energy systems for eliminating them.
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Niehaus, Oliver, Paula M. Abdala, Jan F. Riecken, Florian Winter, Bernard Chevalier und Rainer Pöttgen. „Cerium Valence Change in the Solid Solutions Ce(Rh1-xRux)Sn“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, Nr. 9 (01.09.2013): 960–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3176.
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The solid solutions Ce(Rh1-xRux)Sn were investigated by means of susceptibility measurements, specific heat, electrical resistivity, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements as well as XAS data show a cerium valence change in dependence on the ruthenium content. Higher ruthenium content causes an increase from 3.22 to 3.45 at 300 K. Furthermore χ and χ-1 data indicate valence fluctuation for cerium as a function of temperature. For example, Ce(Rh0:8Ru0:2)Sn exhibits valence fluctuations between 3.42 and 3.32 in the temperature range of 10 to 300 K. This could be proven by using the interconfiguration fluctuation (ICF) model introduced by Sales and Wohlleben. Cerium valence change does not influence the tin atoms as proven by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, but it influences the electrical properties. Ce(Rh0:9Ru0:1)Sn behaves like a typical valence fluctuating compound, and higher ruthenium content causes an increase of the metallic behavior
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Inoue, Hiroaki, und Hiroshi Yoshida. „Development of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavators“. International Journal of Automation Technology 6, Nr. 4 (05.07.2012): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0516.
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More than 90% of the CO2 emissions in the lifecycle of machinery, from production to scrapping, are caused by its fuel consumption at the time of operation, and any decrease in fuel consumption is directly linked to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, we have developed a hybrid systemfor a hydraulic excavator – construction machinery with the highest number in use in Japan. This system uses an electric motor for the revolving upper structure and regenerates, using a capacitor, energy hitherto released as heat when braking. Sales of the 20 ton class hydraulic excavator PC200-8E0 started in 2008 [1]. We confirmed an average decrease of 25% in fuel consumption using data from an on-board vehicle management system. This corresponds to a 20 ton decrease in CO2 emissions per vehicle per year. For further popularization of hybrid excavators, we updated the hybrid components in late 2010 and carried out a full model change. This is presented below in greater detail.
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Klimenko, V. N. „PROSPECTS FOR APPLICATION OF COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL ENERGY“. Industrial Heat Engineering 40, Nr. 3 (07.09.2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.3.2018.05.
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The article considers conditions and possibilities for installing cogeneration units (CUs) in district heating boiler houses. The main requirement to do it is the equality of the CUs’ heat capacity and the heat capacity of the boilers that are going to be replaced.
Because the fuel (natural gas) consumption increases due to such replacement, it is necessary to determine the conditions, taking into account the constant growth of energy carriers’ prices, under which the transition to cogeneration technologies in the heat supply system will be feasible, i.е. the project will make a profit and ensure the reasonable payback period. For this purpose, the relationships between the profitability of the project, the economic indicators of the equipment included in the cogeneration unit, and the price of energy carriers are suggested. An analysis performed with the help of these relationships showed that the cogeneration unit of the same thermal capacity as the boiler (or boilers), which is going to be replaced, in comparison with CU installed on the basis of a generating unit definitely requires an increase in fuel consumption, and the profit, determined as the difference between income from generated electricity sales and fuel purchase costs, becomes dependent on the prices of natural gas and electricity, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the equipment for cogeneration. With certain combinations of these parameters, the cogeneration unit, installed on the basis of heat generation, may not be profitable, but unprofitable. Moreover, as natural gas price increases and electricity tariff remains fixed, CUs, designed as profitable, may become unprofitable. These conditions are considered in the article. Relationships between the CU’s parameters and tariffs for the natural gas and electricity, which determine the area of profitable work of the cogeneration unit, are obtained. Given the current prices for energy carriers, the design of the CU based on the communal heat supply comes to the selection of the equipment that ensures the profitability of the installation that is sufficient for the recoupment of capital investments within 2-3 years. At the same time, the acceptable limits of the possible increase in the gas/electricity tariffs ratio should be determined.
The main conclusion: the cogeneration unit based on district heat supply with a positive economic effect can be installed only if certain economic and technological conditions, which must be taken into account when designing it, are observed.
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Ishizaki, Riaru, Agusta Samodra Putra, Sosaku Ichikawa, Tofael Ahamed, Makoto M. Watanabe und Ryozo Noguchi. „Microalgae Oil Production Using Wastewater in Japan—Introducing Operational Cost Function for Sustainable Management of WWTP“. Energies 13, Nr. 20 (13.10.2020): 5310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205310.
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A comparative evaluation of economic efficiency was performed for native polyculture microalgae oil production in an oxidation ditch (OD) process wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A cost function was developed for the process. The operational cost per 1 m3 of wastewater (w.w.) was 1.34 $/m3-w.w. in the existing scenario, 1.29 $/m3-w.w. in algal scenario A (no cost for CO2 and waste heat) and 1.36 $/m3-w.w. in algal scenario B (no cost for CO2). The conditions were set as follows: hydraulic retention time (HRT): 4 days, microalgal productivity: 0.148 g/L and daily treatment volume: 81.6 m3-w.w./d. The cost differences were related to the increase in polymer flocculants for algae separation (+0.23 $/m3-w.w), carbon credits from CO2 absorption (−0.01 $/m3-w.w), the sales of biocrude (−0.04 $/m3-w.w) and sludge disposal (−0.18 $/m3-w.w). Hence, the introduction of the algae scenario was the same cost-effective as the existing scenario. Microalgae oil production in an OD process WWTP can serve as a new energy system and reduce the environmental load in a society with a declining population.
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Fanney, A. H., B. P. Dougherty und K. P. Kramp. „Field Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Systems“. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, Nr. 4 (01.11.1997): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888031.
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Energy consumed for water heating accounts for approximately 17.9 EJ of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings. Although there are over 90 million water heaters currently in use within the United States (Zogg and Barbour, 1996), durability and installation issues as well as initial cost have limited the sales of solar water heaters to less than 1 million units. Durability issues have included freeze and fluid leakage problems, failure of pumps and their associated controllers, the loss of heat transfer fluids under stagnation conditions, and heat exchanger fouling. The installation of solar water heating systems has often proved difficult, requiring roof penetrations for the piping that transports fluid to and from the solar collectors. Fanney and Dougherty have recently proposed and patented a solar water heating system that eliminates the durability and installation problems associated with current solar water heating systems. The system employs photovoltaic modules to generate electrical energy which is dissipated in multiple electric heating elements. A microprocessor controller is used to match the electrical resistance of the load to the operating characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. Although currently more expensive than existing solar hot water systems, photovoltaic solar water heaters offer the promise of being less expensive than solar thermal systems within the next decade. To date, photovoltaic solar water heating systems have been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD and the Florida Solar Energy Center in Cocoa, FL. This paper will review the technology employed, describe the two photovoltaic solar water heating systems, and present measured performance data.
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Mathers, Annalise, Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Michael Fung und Lori Diemert. „Marketing IQOS in a dark market“. Tobacco Control 28, Nr. 2 (03.05.2018): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054216.
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IntroductionPhillip Morris International (PMI) is pushing hard to promote IQOS heat-not-burn cigarettes in Ontario, Canada. Canada regulates IQOS as a tobacco product so that the robust tobacco marketing ban creates challenges to its promotion.MethodsWe collected data on IQOS promotion in 49 retail outlets, and through interviews with clerks and observations outside an IQOS store.ResultsThe dominant marketing channel is the visible availability of IQOS in a large number of tobacco retail outlets—1029 across Ontario. Several stores display the price of ‘heated tobacco’ on one of three price signs which are permitted despite Ontario’s total display ban. IQOS boutique stores are the locus of aggressive promotion including exchanging a pack of cigarettes or lighter for an IQOS device, launch parties, ‘meet and greet’ lunches and after-hour events. Outside the store, promotion includes a prominent IQOS sign, a sandwich board sign reading ‘Building a Smoke-Free Future’ and sales representatives regularly smoking IQOS. Membership services: Upon acquiring an IQOS device one can register to access the IQOS website store5 and receive customer support services, a map of retail locations and a product catalogue. Members receive regular email invitations to complete surveys with opportunities to win prizes.ConclusionsThese promotion activities have undoubtedly made substantial numbers of Ontarians aware of IQOS. Yet, the government has not provided guidance as to absolute and relative potential harms. Our observations of tactics to promote a new tobacco product in a dark market may inform government regulatory policy and non-governmental organisation efforts wherever heat-not-burn products are introduced.
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Srivastava, Vibhava. „Eastern Housing Limited—Marketing Strategies of Real Estate Company in Bangladesh“. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 21, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262916686607.
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This is an analysis for the management case of Eastern Housing Limited (EHL), Bangladesh. The premise of the case is that EHL having enjoyed market leadership of nearly 40 years has now started facing heat in the real estate market of Bangladesh. EHL has lost its leading position to East West Property Development Pvt. Ltd (EWPDL) which commands 30 per cent market share in the year 2015, whereas EHL holds approximately 20 per cent market share, inclusive of sales across different offerings in the real estate market. The reported compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of EHL (12.77 per cent) in the year 2015, however is much better than the industry (real estate renting and business services) CAGR of 4.4 per cent. But the upcoming years are going to be tough for EHL as competition is likely to intensify. The immediate focus of EHL is how to increase the market share though in long-run EHL wants to sustain and consolidate its position in the market. The analysis starts with situation analysis and ends with recommending future course of action for short-term vis-a-vis long-term perspectives.
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Eady, SJ, PK O'Rourke und PT Connelly. „Comparison of wool production and reproductive rate of South Australian strain Merinos and locally bred Peppin Merinos in the semi-arid tropics of Queensland“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, Nr. 6 (1991): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910737.
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Three experiments were conducted to provide information on the wool production and reproductive rates of different strains of Merino sheep, and on the role of heat tolerance in determining the productivity of sheep in north-western Queensland. The locally bred Peppin Merinos had a significantly (P<0.05) lower rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) under heat load than the South Australian (SA) strain Merinos. Place of birth of SA Merinos had no effect on their RT and RR. At 16 months of age the Peppin sheep produced significantly (P<0.05) less clean wool (1.55 v. 1.82 kg) and had significantly (P<0.05) lower liveweights (28.5 v. 31.6 kg) than the SA group reared in the same environment. Although differences between the groups were not always statistically significant, there was a trend for a consistent increase in wool production, fibre diameter and liveweight as the proportion of SA in the cross increased. The impact of these differences on proceeds from wool sales is discussed. At maturity the SA strain ewes were heavier (P<0.05) than their Peppin counterparts (48.4 v. 44.1 kg) and produced heavier (P<0.05) lambs at 6 weeks of age (7.0 v. 6.2 kg) and at weaning (13.9 v. 12.5 kg). Milk yield at 6 weeks post-lambing was significantly (P<0.05) greater for the SA sheep than the Peppin Merinos (303 v. 216 mL/day). Lamb survival from 6 weeks to 3 months was 64% for the SA Merinos and 45% for the Peppin Merinos, but this difference was not statistically significant. The SA strain Merinos produced more clean wool and heavier offspring than locally bred Peppin sheep and demonstrated a similar reproduction rate in the face of severe drought conditions.
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Hayat, Syed Aftab. „Applying Enterprise Risk Management on a Fiber Board Manufacturing Industrial Case“. International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2014): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2014100104.
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The study assesses the enterprise risk management (ERM) process of a fiber board manufacturing company. The objective is to practically demonstrate how a risk framework can be applied to find the key risks affecting the company. An understanding of the fiber board industry is established by reviewing the proxy disclosures of global corporations to see how they foresee the risks to the industry in general. The current state of the ERM process of the company is then evaluated by applying the COSO 2004 risk assessment framework - the company's ERM process are mapped on a maturity model scale, roles and responsibilities of the board of directors and important risk management concepts are discussed and measured in practice. A risk assessment is undertaken with the help of risk gathering techniques to create a risk profile of the major risks affecting the company which are illustrated through heat maps. Finally, benchmarked studies are used to conduct a gap analysis of the risk findings to conclude that the management has to re-address its focus towards HR -employee motivation, working capital mismanagement, sales-production planning inefficiencies and a less likely but high impacting terrorism risk for which the company is currently not prepared. Recommendations for key risk indicators are suggested along with direction for future work.
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Belhaj, Hadi. „Management of injected nitrogen into a gas condensate reservoir“. Ingeniería e Investigación 36, Nr. 1 (18.04.2016): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n1.50319.
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<p>This study investigates the means of deferring the breakthrough of injected N2 and alleviating the impact of such on production rates and specifications as well as minimizing the required changes to the gas processing facilities. This aimed at assisting the ongoing efforts to transfer the Cantarell experience to Abu Dhabi, where large amounts of N2 gas will be generated and injected into a large gas condensate reservoir to partially substitute the recycling of lean gas. This will bring forward the opportunity to exploit lean gas by securing base load supplies before the start of reservoir blowdown, compared to the peak shaving approach currently practiced. Managing N2 breakthrough starts by better understanding the pattern at which N2 injection spreads into the gas accumulation. Based on the findings of initial subsurface and plant simulations carried out in 2008, N2 breakthrough in Abu Dhabi might be possibly deferred by segmenting the reservoir into a rich N2 region and lean N2 region. The approach assumes no thief zones will be faced and no channeling of N2 injected between the two regions is taking place. N2 is injected in the north region of the reservoir. The production of that region will be segregated and fed to a gas processing plant of lower NGL (natural gas liquid) recovery, which essentially takes longer time to start suffering the deterioration of residue gas (gas mixture resulted after separating NGL) quality. The residue gas use can be limited to re-injection where the effect of below specification LHV (Low Heat Value) would not be an issue. The rest of the reservoir feeds another gas processing plant of higher NGL recovery level from which an amount of residue gas equivalent to that of the injected N2 will be rerouted to the sales network. This scenario will significantly delay as well as downsize the requirement of a N2 rejection plant. There is technical and certainly economical advantage of deferring the installation of costly N2 rejection units. Such a requirement can be entirely eliminated if the sales gas specification can be relaxed considering blending with other gas streams of higher LHV, and in collaboration with gas customers, i.e. assessing their capability to tolerate feedstock of lower specifications. It must be noted that such school of thinking may not necessarily be eventually embraced. The chosen scenario will also depend on the final configuration, i.e., wells grouping and gas gathering, of the ongoing project.</p>
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Subhonberdiev, A. S., E. V. Titova und G. N. Egorova. „Trends and prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the european union“. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, Nr. 4 (20.01.2021): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-4-366-370.
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The largest net exporter of traditional energy resources to the EU countries, Russia should take into account the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in European countries, since inter-fuel competition can lead to a decrease in demand for hydrocarbons from Russia in the energy markets of the European Union. Fuel granules (pellets) are gradually becoming one of the traditional types of fuel for generating heat and electricity, as well as industrial steam in various industries… All plant biomass in this scenario accounts for only 2.8 GW. The highest cost of electricity generation in the EU determines its dependence on subsidies, as opposed to heat production. The examples of the Netherlands and Great Britain are very indicative. In 2010–2012, the Netherlands was one of the first places in the EU for the import of pellets, because at that time there was a subsidy program for the generation of electricity by co-firing biofuel (pellets) with coal – about 5–6 eurocents per 1 kWh. Since 2013, after the closure of the program, the import of pellets has decreased by more than three times. In the UK, on the contrary: in 2010–2012, the annual import of pellets was about 1 million tons, and after the adoption of the subsidy program by 2020, it approached 9 million tons per year. Sales of renewable energy products to small-scale energy enterprises, primarily for generating thermal energy and industrial steam, are stable throughout the year and predictable, in contrast to supplies to large power plants, which are owned by European and international energy concerns, as a rule, owning controlling stakes in pellet production in the USA and Canada. If for the generation of industrial steam at industrial enterprises pellets can be used all year round, sometimes around the clock, then at thermal power facilities they are used depending on weather conditions, primarily temperature.
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Семенова, Анастасия, Anastasia Semenova, Виктория Насонова, Victoriya Nasonova, Наталия Ревуцкая, Nataliya Revutskaya, Михаил Трифонов und Michael Trifonov. „Achievement and Future Developments of Polymer Materials for Meat and Semi-Finished Products“. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, Nr. 3 (24.01.2019): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-3-161-174.
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Consumption of unprocessed meat products in the conditions of increasing and subsequent preservation of achieved meat production volumes in the Russian Federation is continue to increase. At present, semi-finished products occupied first in the overall structure of production and consumption meat products, having overtaken in aggregate all types of processed products. In the background of increasing competition between domestic producers, the requirements for the packaging of the main types of unprocessed products – cuts and lumpy semi-finished products – will be continue to increase as an important driver of sales. Research studies play an important role in the development of packaging solutions for industry. This review focuses on the main areas of scientists studying from different countries. Modern scientific achievement in the field of vacuum packaging for chilled meat and semi-finished products including heat-shrinkable materials and skin packaging are presented. Special attention was paid to the forming safety and quality indexes of meat products, as well as functionality and “barrier” of packaging materials. Basic aspects of modified atmosphere packaging with different gas mixture including monoxide carbon and high oxygen using to maintain the desirable bright red color meat are considered.The further directions for development of technology sous-vide are discussed, as well as active and intelligent packaging. The search for new ideas in the field of active and smart packaging will help for better controlling shelf life, regulating freshness and maintaining stable quality of meat products.
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Furnham, Adrian, Simon Richardson und Tony Miller. „Ear Dominance and Telephone Sales“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1997): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.451.
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In a field study, three equally sized sales teams used one of three head-sets—left, right, both ears—for a day's selling of insurance by telephone. This had no effect on sales In a retrospective study of records, daily sales performance including the percentage conversion rate for sales divided by the number of calls and the number and duration of calls was related to preference for type of head-set. Sales were markedly influenced by the choice of head-set. People who chose to wear the left earpiece significantly out-sold the others wearing right and stereohead-sets. Neither the number of incoming calls nor the time spent on the telephone were influenced by the choice of head-set. When sales are analysed in terms of individual differences in personal preference for type of head-set, those who chose the left ear had an advantage. Forced use of the left, versus right ear or both ears for one day had no effect.
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Nelson, Christopher A., Michael F. Walsh und Annie Peng Cui. „The role of analytical CRM on salesperson use of competitive intelligence“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, Nr. 12 (15.05.2020): 2127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2019-0328.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of analytical customer relationship management (CRM) on salesperson information use behavior. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the aim of this paper, a vignette experiment was undertaken. The data used for the final analysis included 125 professional salespeople across multiple industries. Findings This paper focuses on the personal use of competitive intelligence. The authors find that to maximize the effectiveness of using competitive intelligence, the salesperson must become adept at both choosing the correct pa`rtners to trust and properly valuing information. Properly valuing information can be accomplished through the use of analytical CRM. Practical implications The managerial implications of this paper are straightforward yet important. CRM providers have improved the tools available to salespeople (e.g., heat maps) and have partnered with other large scale providers of customer and market information (e.g., global marketing research firms) to provide a analytical tool that is user friendly to salespeople. Yet, many firms still use simplified CRM platforms, which do little more for the salesperson than offer an opportunity to document notes. Sales firms should move toward this analytical CRM system because it improves the salesperson’s ability to value information and increases the salesperson’s ability to use intelligence to link products to buyer needs. Originality/value This paper contributes to theory through confirming the importance of analytical CRM on salesperson’s information use behavior by using a motivation, opportunity and ability framework. Additionally, a methodological contribution was made through the development of an information value scale.
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King, J. M., D. J. Parsons, J. R. Turnpenny, J. Nyangaga, P. Bakari und C. M. Wathes. „Modelling energy metabolism of Friesians in Kenya smallholdings shows how heat stress and energy deficit constrain milk yield and cow replacement rate“. Animal Science 82, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2006): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200689.
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AbstractThe 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development focussed attention on agricultural sustainability and biodiversity in developing countries. These goals are relevant for livestock production in Kenya, where development agencies encourage resource-poor smallholders to acquire large, exotic, high-yielding dairy cows, despite their poor performance, revealed in recent surveys in the highlands and at the coast. The performance of the cows is not in question. The debate relates to the diagnosis of the causes, their treatment and the prognosis for the production system. To improve our understanding of the dynamics of the system, models of nutrition and energy, modified for the tropics, were used to measure the thermal responses over 24 h of six pure or crossbred Friesians at a mean lactation of 54 (s.d. 21·6) days, in separate zero-grazing units. Four smallholdings were on the hot, humid coast and two in the cooler highlands. The output of the model runs was related to the subsequent lactation, calving interval and profitability of the cows. The model showed that the thermal load caused moderate stress for all cows during the day, which became severe in the sun in the highlands, but the drop in air temperature, from 27 °C to 13 °C, at night dissipated the gain in body heat. At the coast, where the night temperature remained above 24 °C and relative humidity above 0·85, there was no remission of heat stress for cows with a milk yield greater than 11 l/day. The lactation curve, in all cows, declined from an initial peak to a low profile of 5 l/day. Cows in both regions with initial yields above 20 l/day had the steepest decline and longest calving intervals (457 to 662 days). They had the largest lactation yields and lowest direct cost per litre, but their poor breeding record reduced cull sales and increased replacement cost, raising the total cost per litre. By contrast, the cow with the lowest daily and lactation yield had the highest direct cost, but lowest total cost per litre, because she produced 2 heifer calves at an interval of only 317 days. These case studies serve as a reminder that, where heat load depresses appetite or poor food cannot support lactation, the energy deficit and stress reduces cow fertility, fitness, and longevity, so that she fails to breed a heifer replacement during her shortened productive life. The model predicted that food intake, depressed by heat stress, would not support a milk yield above 14 l/day and 3000 l per annum at the coast, and 22 l/day and 5000 l per annum in the highlands. Therefore, although appearing profitable in the short term, the current policy of promoting cows with higher yields than the climate and production system can support, is unsustainable. This outcome has implications for smallholder dairy development policy in Kenya, and probably elsewhere in the tropics. Instead, one should reconsider smaller exotic breeds and crossbreds with improved indigenous dairy cows whose overall productivity from milk yield, fecundity, longevity, and disease tolerance 50 years ago was better than that of the modern Holstein-Friesian in a Kenya smallholding.
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Khan, Wasif M. „Sales Compensation at Nirala“. Asian Case Research Journal 07, Nr. 01 (Juni 2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927503000343.
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In 2000, Faisal Farooq, the young head of Nirala Sweets wanted to design a new reward system for his salesforce, as part of his effort to professionalise the firm. Nirala Sweets, a 52 year-old firm, founded by Faisal's grandfather was the leading purveyor of traditional sweetmeats in Lahore, Pakistan. The national culturn, the informal manner in which the firm had been run, weak management information systems, and the behavioural complexity of his growing firm are some of the challenges he faced. He needed to think carefully about how these would impact the design and implementation of an effective salesforce reward system.
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Pina, Eduardo A., Luis M. Serra, Miguel A. Lozano, Adrián Hernández und Ana Lázaro. „Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (14.09.2020): 4807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184807.
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This paper performs technical, economic and environmental feasibility analyses of two different solar cogeneration plants, consisting of a solar system (a parabolic trough collector field coupled with thermal energy storage), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and mechanical chillers, that should cover the electrical and cooling demands of a commercial center located in Zaragoza (Spain). System A is hybridized with an auxiliary biomass boiler that complements the solar system’s thermal production, providing a constant heat supply to the ORC, which operates at full load during the operating hours of the solar system. In contrast, system B is not hybridized with biomass, so the ORC is fully driven by the solar system, operating at partial load according to the solar resource availability. Both systems are connected to the electrical grid, allowing electricity purchases and sales when needed. The design procedure involves the sizing of the equipment as well as the modelling of the hourly behavior of each system throughout the year. The physical analysis is complemented by an economic assessment, which considers investment and variable costs, as well as an estimate of the significant environmental benefits of the proposed plants. The solar plants are compared to a conventional system in which all the electrical consumption is covered with electricity purchased from the grid. The costs of the electricity produced by systems A and B are estimated at 0.2030 EUR/kWh and 0.1458 EUR/kWh, which are about 49% and 7% higher than the electricity purchase price in Spain (0.1363 EUR/kWh). These results indicate that while none of the solar plants are presently competitive with the conventional system, system B (without biomass hybridization) is actually closer to economic feasibility in the short and medium term than system A (with biomass hybridization).
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Park, Yongjin, Youngsok Bang und Jae-Hyeon Ahn. „How Does the Mobile Channel Reshape the Sales Distribution in E-Commerce?“ Information Systems Research 31, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 1164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0937.
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This study empirically investigates (1) how the sales distribution in the mobile commerce channel is different from the sales distribution in the traditional PC channel and (2) how mobile commerce channel adoption affects e-market users’ search intensity and their aggregate sales distribution. Our analysis shows that transactions in the mobile channel are more concentrated on “head” products compared with PC channel sales. However, it does not imply that the presence of the mobile channel concentrates the demand on head products in online markets, given that mobile channel users can purchase products in the PC channel as well. On the basis of the subsequent user-level analysis, we reveal that in the case of preference goods such as books, CDs, toys, and fashion items, mobile commerce channel adoption increased e-market users’ search activities and resulted in more “tail” product sales. For quality goods such as PCs, phones, cameras, and digital appliances, however, adoption intensified the search activities but resulted in more head product sales. Finally, for convenience goods such as home supplies and processed foods, adoption discouraged search activities and decreased the choice of tail products.
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Babrow, Austin S., und Fran J. Babrow. „Letting Go, Holding On“. Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 8, Nr. 1 (2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2019.8.1.72.
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Oxymoronically, existence is change, or so say the sages. Without stability, meaning degrades to meaninglessness. In a series of letters, a father and daughter try to understand stability and change, love and loss, dependence and freedom, the parent–child relationship, and head and heart, as they consider an opportunity to write about migration as family history.
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Ward, Burke T., und Janice C. Sipior. „The Battle Over E-commerce Sales Taxes Heats Up“. Information Systems Management 28, Nr. 4 (September 2011): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2011.610277.
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Pillay, Divina, und Brendan D. Kelly. „Recreational drugs and health information provided in head shops“. Psychiatrist 34, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.024646.
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Aims and methodTo determine which recreational drugs are most readily offered in ‘head shops’, and what safety information is provided; and determine sales assistants' knowledge about the mental health complications of cannabis. Researchers surveyed ten head shops in Dublin.ResultsSales assistants in all head shops described their products as legal and safe. Overall, 50% stated cannabis was generally not harmful, although 50% stated it might cause depression and 60% stated it might cause psychosis in susceptible people. Salvia was available in 90% of outlets, although sales assistants in 78% warned about its potency.Clinical implicationsLegal, psychoactive drugs, some of which are banned in other jurisdictions, are readily available in Dublin head shops. Enhanced awareness and effective regulation are required.
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Sianturi, Yansen, Muhammad Riza Firdaus und Ikhwan Faisal. „PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS OTOMATISASI, SISTEM KONTROL TENAGA PENJUAL DAN KEPUASAN ATAS WILAYAH PENJUALAN TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA PENJUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PENJUALAN ORGANISASI ( Studi Pada Perusahaan Distributor Farmasi Kotamadya Banjarmasin )“. JWM (Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen) 6, Nr. 1 (26.02.2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwm.v6i1.161.
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<p><em>This study analyzed the effectiveness of automation factors, system control of sales and satisfaction of sales area which affect the sales’ performance to sales’ organization effectiveness (large pharmacy) in Banjarmasin. </em></p><p><em>The sampling technique was divided into three phases, namely stratified, proportional, and purposive sampling. There were 120 subjects involved in the study. They are the head of branch, sales supervisors, sales personnel from pharmaceutical distribution company whose products are categorized as medicinal products and consumer goods. The analysis for the study used Structural Equation Model (SEM) in AMOS 20 program.</em></p><p><em>The results of data analysis shows that the study supports five hypotheses and rejects two other hypotheses. The study also confirms a statistically significant relationship of the effectiveness of automation, system control of sales and satisfaction of sales area to the sales’ performance, as well as significant influence of sales’ performance and system control of sales to the effectiveness of sales’ organization. In addition, it is statistically found that the effectiveness of sales automation and satisfaction of sales area do not affect the sales’ organization effectiveness.</em></p><p><em>The implication of this research to prepare personal in charge as coordinator of sales automation effectiveness and key performance indicator as guidance to measure the control which has been done and the discussion of sales territory alignment between sales supervisor and sales force. </em></p>
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Rusdiyanto, Rusdiyanto. „Perancangan Aplikasi Dashboard Untuk Monitoring Penjualan Gas LPG Berbasis Web“. J-SAKTI (Jurnal Sains Komputer dan Informatika) 3, Nr. 1 (04.03.2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/j-sakti.v3i1.89.
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Currently PT. Rivet Jaya Lubuklinggau conducts the processing of LPG Gas sales data processing is still done with a manual system, the data processing process is still carried out with Microsoft Excel application tools to generate recapitulation (summary content or final summary report) of sales data such as the total sales amount. This study uses data collection methods by observing PT. Kelingi Jaya Lubuklinggau, interview with the head of PT. Kelingi Jaya Lubuklinggau and literature on books related to the author's title. The results of the research are the Dashboard Application for Monitoring the Sales of LPG Gas at PT. Kelingi Jaya Lubuklinggau, the application was built with the PHP programming language with MySQL as an application database and web-based application interfaces. It can be concluded that the application that has been built can do sales data collection and can display details of the overall sales data that will be used as a tool for PT. Kelingi Jaya Lubuklinggau to conduct monitoring.
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González Gómez, Sofía. „Los primeros títulos de Anagrama y Tusquets. Ensayo político, censura y cambio de rumbo“. Artes del ensayo. Revista internacional sobre el ensayo hispánico, Nr. 3 (25.03.2020): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/ae.i19.10.
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Las primeras publicaciones de los sellos barceloneses Anagrama y Tusquets nacieron al calor de un interés notable en España hacia el ensayo político. Su fundación coincide en el tiempo con los procesos de transición a la democracia, y por ello estos dos casos se presentan ilustrativos de los intereses tanto del mercado editorial como de la recepción del público lector en ese periodo histórico, en el que la censura era un agente de la industria de la cultura decisivo. Anagrama y Tusquets son editoriales fundamentalmente conocidas por sus títulos de narrativa, pero esa orientación literaria de sendos catálogos fue posterior, motivada por un fracaso en las ventas del ensayo, que obligó a sus editores, Jorge Herralde y Beatriz de Moura, a redefinir su identidad empresarial. Entre finales de los años 60 y principios de los 70, arco temporal en el que se enmarca este artículo, fueron dos empresarios culturales que contribuyeron a cierta ebullición del género ensayístico en el mercado editorial y a la publicación de obras traducidas hasta entonces inéditas en nuestro país.
The first publications of the Barcelona stamps Anagrama and Tusquets were born from the heat of a notable interest in Spain towards the political essay. Its foundation coincides in time with the processes of transition to democracy, and therefore these two cases are illustrative of the interests of both the publishing market and the reception of the reading public in that historical period, in which censorship was a decisive agent of the culture industry. Anagrama and Tusquets are publishers fundamentally known for their narrative titles, but that literary orientation of both catalogs was later, motivated by a failure in the sales of the essay, which forced its editors, Jorge Herralde and Beatriz de Moura, to redefine their identity. business. Between the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s, a time arc in which this article is framed, there were two cultural entrepreneurs who contributed to a certain ebullition of the essay genre in the publishing market and to the publication of translated works previously unpublished in Spain.
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Bertels, Heidi M. J. „Startup on a budget: winning new customers without breaking the bank“. CASE Journal 15, Nr. 2 (30.03.2019): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-08-2018-0097.
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Theoretical basis The case ties together a number of marketing concepts and theories within the context of a startup which might be addressed in an entrepreneurship or marketing course. The case focuses on niche, digital, and social media marketing and utilizes fundamental marketing concepts such as target market, value proposition, brand positioning, the marketing communications mix and the adopter categories of the diffusion of innovation theory. Research methodology The case is based on interviews from 2014 to 2017 with the founder of Lammily, Nickolay Lamm, supplemented by internet research. Case overview/synopsis Lammily is a startup company in its second year of existence which produces toys that embody realism: a fashion doll with proportions based on an average 19-year-old American woman, a sticker set of common body markings such as booboos and cellulite to make dolls look realistically, and doll outfits. After the company’s initial success in 2014, fueled by positive publicity from online media eager to share information about the average doll project, sales were flat. Nickolay Lamm, the founder of Lammily, started to feel the heat to acquire new customers in ways that did not rely solely on digital word-of mouth. In response, Lammily commissioned a direct response TV commercial in the Summer of 2015, but it failed to lead to significant new customer growth. This case describes how Nickolay struggles to move beyond the launch phase of his entrepreneurial venture and turn his startup into a business with a sustainable customer base. Facing stagnating growth and established competitors with deep pockets, Nickolay needs to figure out why the TV commercial did not work for Lammily and what his new plan to acquire new customers will be. Complexity academic level This case would be well-positioned in an undergraduate or graduate-level entrepreneurship course that exposes students to the challenges of promoting a new brand and marketing a new line of products in a competitive market with established competitors. It is also good a good fit for a general marketing or entrepreneurial marketing course. The case focuses on how a startup can optimize its advertising strategy for a niche market to stimulate growth with a limited budget by using digital marketing techniques.