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Ten, Joon Yoon. „The integration of safety and health aspects in chemical product design framework“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48711/.
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Computer aided molecular design (CAMD) is a powerful technique to design molecules or chemical mixtures that fulfil a set of desirable target properties as specified by users. Molecular physical and thermodynamic properties are selected as the target properties to ensure that the designed molecules can achieve the property functionalities. However, the aspects of safety and health are not strongly emphasised as design objectives in many CAMD problems. In order to ensure that the synthesised molecule does not cause much harm and health-related risks to the consumers, it is critical to integrate both safety and health aspects as design factors in the current CAMD approaches. The main focus of this research is to develop a novel chemical product design methodology that integrates the concept of inherent safety and occupational health aspects in a CAMD framework. The generated molecules that are optimised with respect to the target properties must be evaluated in terms of their safety and health performance. The assessment is conducted by safety and health-related parameters/sub-indexes that have significant adverse impact on both aspects. This proposed approach ensures that a product that possesses the desirable properties, and at the same time meets the safety and health criteria, is produced. The next focus of this research is to generate optimal molecules with the desired functionalities and favourable safety and health attributes in a single-stage CAMD framework. Besides target properties, the concept of inherent safety and health is also considered as design objective to ensure that the synthesised molecules are simultaneously optimised with regards to both criteria. Fuzzy optimisation approach is applied to optimise these two principal design criteria in this work. As molecular properties are utilised as the parameters to examine the safety and health features of the molecules, these properties are often estimated through property prediction models. This research also focuses on the management of uncertainty resulted from properties used in the sub-indexes. The quantification of uncertainty helps to revise the safety and health measurement so that it can better reflect the inherent hazard level of the molecules. The fourth focus of this research is to address the limitations present in the current method of molecular hazard quantification. The enhancement is carried out by adopting the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator method with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach in the safety and health assessment. Two case studies on solvent design are considered to demonstrate the presented methodologies.
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Ayessaki, Winn-Yam Houdou. „Construction project manager health and safety interventions towards improving workers' performance“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12275.
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Optimum construction worker (CW) performance is required to achieve project delivery within project parameters. It is not always the case as CWs are regularly exposed to hazards, involved in accidents, their productivity is poor, they suffer from ill health, suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and contractors lack resources to allocate towards H&S. However, the lack or the absence of health and safety (H&S) measures, which the aforementioned depend on, has a negative impact on workers’ performance. Two descriptive surveys were conducted among professional construction project managers (CPMs) registered with the South African Council for Project and Construction Management Professions (SACPCMP) and general contractors (GCs) registered with the East Cape Master Builders Association (ECMBA). Interviews were also conducted with CPMs registered with the SACPCMP residing in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropolitan area. The salient findings include: • Accidents, which occur on construction sites, impact workers’ performance; • Inadequate H&S implementation affects both CW skills and motivation, which in turn affects their performance; • Poor constructability is relevant to H&S and CWs’ skills; • Provision and maintenance of welfare facilities are commonly inadequate and affect workers’ performance, and • Projects do not benefit from the adequate financial provision for H&S. It was concluded that exposure to hazards, poor site conditions, inadequate provision of welfare facilities, WMSDs, and insufficient financial provision for H&S affect workers’ performance by either incapacitating or demotivating them. Recommendations include : CPMs should make better use of their influence on clients; they should improve communication channels between project stakeholders; legislators need to raise awareness regarding H&S and worker welfare, and training and education institutions need to empower workers and professionals with H&S knowledge.
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Phasha, Mmolawa Cynthia. „Health and safety aspects of the use of products from urine-diversion toilets“. Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02262007-183119.
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Wearaduwa, Vidana Kankanamge Thilani Kaushalya. „Economic Efficiency of Occupational Health and Safety Investments at Agricultural Cooperatives“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28861.
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Industries related to agricultural cooperatives record some of the highest injury rates in the U.S. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives are highly motivated to invest in occupational health and safety (OHS). This thesis examines the economic efficiency of OHS investments at agricultural cooperatives and identifies cooperative characteristics leading to greater economic efficiency of OHS investments. A multiple input-output data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to estimate technical efficiency. The effects of cooperative characteristics on the efficiency of OHS investments are estimated using ordinary least squares, censored regression, truncated regression, and the Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrap procedure. Results show that the mean technical efficiency score was 0.833. Furthermore, a cooperative?s annual insurance premia has a significant, negative relationship with technical efficiency. In contrast, the experience levels of a cooperative?s top safety person and top managerial person and a location?s total workers employed have significant, positive relationships with efficiency in all estimated models.North Dakota State University. Department of College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources
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Cheema, Mahmood A. (Mahmood Ahmad). „Environmental health, risk analysis and safety aspects of nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopy systems“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129503.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1991.Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: Geochemistry and petrogenesis of basalts from Broken Ridge and Naturaliste Plateau, S.E. Indian Ocean.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48).
by Mahmood A. Cheema.
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1991.
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McAleenan, Philip. „A novel approach to health and safety in construction : culture, ethics reasoning and leadership“. Thesis, University of South Wales, 2016. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-novel-approach-to-health-and-safety-in-construction-culture-ethics-reasoning-and-leadership(6ed80011-7ebf-4601-8b8c-ddc744ae82ed).html.
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Improvements to construction health and safety were driven by primary legislation promulgated in the 1970s and by subsequent regulations, codes and official guidance. In parallel social psychology, management and leadership theories were developing practical means for achieving health and safety objectives and reducing accidents and incidents of ill health. Despite the notable improvements that were achieved in countries with strong legislatives bases, the reduction in the rate of accidents has been significant but at the same time substantially falling short of providing safe and healthy workplaces. Construction sites remain places of high hazard and high risk activities for workers. Acknowledging the gains made by the compliance approach whilst challenging the underpinning assumptions on the causes of accidents and ill health, a critical theory methodology was developed to explore different perceptions and arrive at a new understanding of workplace culture within which safe practices take place. The purpose was to determine the degree of cultural maturity within and readiness of companies for the attainment of preventative workplace safety cultures, and this was achieved through the development of two projects, 1) the development of a cultural maturity index and 2) the development of an ethics reasoning pedagogy for construction professionals. Utilising a set of criteria deemed necessary for achieving success and sustainability the first project is a metric based on behavioural objectives and rational planning was designed and developed to ascertain the intangibles that would be indicative of a company’s culture. This was field tested and substantial revisions made to the original criteria resulting in a shift of focus from Corporate Social Responsibility, innovation and resourcefulness to moral agency, ethics reasoning and leadership, all of which were subject to critical evaluation and redefining on a priori principles. The resulting model, Organisation Cultural Maturing Index, is designed to develop a greater understanding of the social relationships that underpin workplace cultures and explain the many factors that come into play when health and safety programmes and practices are developed and implemented on construction sites. The model allows for the development of and flexibility in company and site specific approaches to achieving safe outcomes through respect for autonomous thought and support for collective action by all workplace employees. The model distinguished between concepts of leadership that are associated with managing operations and originates a new concept of leadership which initiates and supports agency and advocates a restructuring of workplace relationships in order to achieve safe, healthy and sustainable construction projects and contributes to a humanising ethos in work relationships. The second project is the development of under-graduate and post-graduate modules on ethics reasoning designed to facilitate moral agency through the development of critical thinking and reasoning skills and fill a gap in construction professional education. It integrates with the OCMI model through the provision of under-graduate and post-graduate programmes of study which develop the ethics reasoning skills of construction professionals facilitating their abilities to make design and operational judgements based on human and societal benefit. This project further integrates with the ethics standards required by Joint Board of Moderators and Engineering Council in respect of professionalism, and professional code of ethics such as the RICS’s. The review will further identify from both projects those elements of innovation and originality in the methodology adopted and applied to occupational health and safety and the insights and perspectives arrived at as a consequence.
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Kroes, Gabriel. „An investigation of safety syringes in the prevention of needlestick injuries“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52116.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Daily more than 300 000 health care workers in South Africa are to a lesser or greater extent exposed to the risk of deadly viruses which can be transferred through neediestick injuries. It is estimated that currently 9,8 million people in South Africa are HIV positive. This high incidence of HIV has a great impact on the danger of infection from neediestick injuries. It is estimated that 44 000 neediestick injuries takes place annually in South Africa. Despite such a high risk there are currently few safety regulations or official efforts to prevent or determine the true impact and incidence of needlesticks in South Africa. This study project investigated the number of neediestick injuries that could potentially be prevented by the use of needles with safety features and estimated the ranges of benefits and costs of using such safety devices. With the financial constraints that are imposed on South African hospitals, infection control through the use of safety syringes makes economic sense. Prevention of infections is clearly far cheaper than cure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daagliks word meer as 300 000 gesondheids personeel in Suid Afrika in 'n mindere of meerdere mate blootgestel aan die risiko van lewens gevaarlike viruse wat deur middel van naaldprik ongelukke oorgedra kan word. Hierdie risiko word spesifiek in Suid Afrika verhoog deur die hoë insidensie van HIV. Dit word beraam dat daar tans 9,8 miljoen mense in Suid Afrika is wat HIV positief is. Daar word beraam dat daar tans 44 000 naaldprik ongelukke per jaar in Suid Afrika plaasvind. Ten spyte van die hierdie hoë risko is daar tans min veiligheids regulasies of amptelike pogings om die omvang en voorkoming van naaldprik insidente te bepaal nie. Hierdie studie het die getal naaldprikke wat voorkom kan word deur die gebruik van veiligheids inspuitnaalde ondersoek en het die voordele en kostes van sulke veiligheidsmaatreëls beraam. Gegewe die finasiële druk wat ons tans in Suid Afrikaanse hospitale ondervind, is bewys dat die gebruik van veiligheids inspuitnaalde ekonomiese sin maak. Voorkoming op hierdie manier is bewys as 'n ver goedkoper opsie as nasorg.
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Didla, Shama. „Influence of leadership and safety climate on employee safety compliance and citizenship behaviours“. Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25498.
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Lau, Ka Yan Winifred. „E-waste : the material flow and occupational safety and health risk assessments in Hong Kong“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1457.
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Quantoi, Phoebus Llewellyn. „Assessing the health and safety management of SMME's in the South African construction industry“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3842.
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The prosperity of small micro and medium enterprises (SMME’s) in the construction industry is vital for the improvement of the South African economy. Unfortunately, the poor safety record of this industry negatively affects the sustainability of SMME’s and augments the loss of human lives. Owners and managers of SMME’s in the construction industry are usually financially fragile and unaware of the direct and an indirect cost associated with injuries that may result in potential profit loss and ultimately, bankruptcy. The construction industry continues to lead with high levels of fatalities and injuries compared to other industrial sectors. High levels of non-compliance with health and safety legislation in the construction industry necessitate creative interventions to improve health and safety standards. The objective of the research was to establish to what extent SMME’s comply with health and safety in the construction industry. Research was done by means of a survey questionnaire and the findings concluded that government laws are appropriate however the enforcing of such law needs attention. Furthermore, most owners are aware of the required legislation but the competitive nature allude that “that shortcuts are taken”.
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Du, Toit Willem Johannes. „The relationship between health and safety and human risk taking behaviour in the South African electrical construction industry“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1009529.
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Mankind, and the development of people, exists due to risk-taking behaviour. It is not that humans should not take risks, but rather the ability to identify the magnitude of risk exposure in order that mankind‟s actions would be so selected as to mitigate exposed risk factors, that no harm should befall them. The approach to health and safety (H&S) has always been to manage H&S environmental factors that could have a negative impact on people, capital, and organisational systems. However, the critical component of human risk-taking behaviour that would have a far greater impact has rarely been acknowledged as part of the drivers that increase risk exposure. Human behaviour is a major contributing factor in accident causation. Although human error cannot be completely eliminated, it should be identified and correctly managed according to each individual‟s risk-taking profile. The reason people decide to take certain risks under certain conditions and the effect it has on H&S management systems is a key component to managing organisational risk exposure. To quantify the value of individual risk-taking behaviour could provide management with better opportunities of lowering the organisational risk exposure. Human risk-taking behaviour is influenced by each individual‟s perception of risk. Such perception of risk will influence decisions on risk-taking behaviour, which in turn is influenced by the individual‟s psychological profile and environmental factors, including character and the impact of a cultural environment. The electrical construction and maintenance industry differs from other similar industries in that the physical entity of electricity requires not only sensory perception for the identification and evaluation of risk factors, but also requires specialised knowledge and testing equipment to evaluate the parameters of electrical installation, plant or equipment. Without such competence, direct exposure to most electrical installations could be fatal. The optimum human resource (HR) solution for managing the risk potential of high risk-taking behaviour is the rating and allocation of specific job tasks that can match and limit the individual potential for risk-taking behaviour and the impact on organisational incident statistics. Maintaining and optimising employee job performance enables organisations to better achieve pre-set goals and missions. Such improvements being a catalyst for better job performance by setting limitations on high risk-taking behaviour, that will improve H&S performance by lowering incident rates.
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Wergeland, Oscar, und Astrid Mehlberg. „The value of Health and Safety aspects in Product-Service Systems : A case study based on the manufacturing industry“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68487.
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Companies are expected to reduce the impact on society caused by its operations while at the same time, generate profit for its stakeholders. One way to satisfy both parts is by creating shared values. As the trend of servitization becomes more popular the ability of Product-Service Systems (PSS) to deliver additional value to customers arises. PSS provides an opportunity for developing a sustainable business model to benefit both the society and the stakeholders. A sustainable PSS can be based on the Triple Bottom Line dimensions, environment, economic, and social. Since the economic and environmental advantages have already been studied for PSS:s, the social aspect is yet to be studied in detail. This thesis focuses on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) theme of the social dimension, for PSS:s. Both the ability to improve the social dimension performance and the role it plays in the value proposition for PSS:s were studied. The thesis has been based on a case study on one company in a Business to Business market. It was found that customers seldom demanded or mentioned health and safety aspects for PSS:s, even when an increase of OSH was achieved by the PSS. However, it could also be concluded that all interviewed thought OSH was important for the company and the employees but there were divided opinions regarding OSH, if it would be put in the value proposition or not. By analysing the customer situation and how it operates, companies should use the customizability of PSS:s to better match their requirements and thus develop the value proposition for the PSS. Cost estimations for accidents have been done which showed that one single accident can cause very high costs. It is a good investment to prevent risks which should be communicated when selling PSS:s. Furthermore, it is important to communicate both internally within the firm, and externally to customers, about what health and safety benefits the PSS will contribute with.Företag förväntas att reducera påfrestningarna på samhället och miljön orsakade av deras verksamhet och samtidigt fortsätta generera värde till dess intressenter. Ett sätt att tillgodose båda parter är genom att skapa så kallade delade värden. Då trenden att tjänstefiera blir mer och mer populär finns det möjlighet för ett så kallat Produkt-Service System (PSS) att leverera mervärde till kunderna. PSS ger en möjlighet att utveckla en hållbar affärsmodell som gynnar både samhället och intressenterna. Ett hållbart PSS kan grundas på de tre byggstenarna för Triple Bottom Line, miljö, ekonomi och samhälle. Då de ekonomiska och miljömässiga fördelarna redan har studerats för PSS fokuserar denna studie på hur konceptet står sig för den samhälleliga aspekten. I denna rapport studeras arbetshälsa och säkerhet för PSS, både möjligheten att förbättra den samhälleliga aspekten i Triple Bottom Line samt vilken roll dessa värden spelar för en värdepropositionering för PSS. Rapporten har baserats på en fallstudie på ett företag inom marknaden för Business till Business. Det konstaterades att kunderna sällan efterfrågar eller nämner hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter i förhandlingar om PSS, även när en ökning av arbetshälsa och säkerhet uppnåddes. Hur som helst tyckte alla intervjuade att arbetshälsa och säkerhet var viktigt för företag och anställda men det var trots detta delade meningar om det borde vara en del av värdepropositioneringen eller inte. Genom att analysera kundernas situation och hur de arbetar borde företag använda anpassningsbarheten av PSS för att bättre matcha kundernas önskemål och således utveckla värdepropositioneringen för PSS. Kostnadsberäkningar för olyckor har genomförts som visar att en enskild olycka kan orsaka mycket höga kostnader. Det är en god investering att förebygga risker vilket borde kommuniceras vid försäljning av PSS:s. Det är viktigt att både kommunicera internt inom företaget samt externt till kunderna om de hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter som PSS bidrar med.
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Klopper, Tanya. „Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Background At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.
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Alhajeri, M. „Health and safety in the construction industry : challenges and solutions in the UAE“. Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8ef107a7-8740-4cb5-ad55-07449f57cad4/1.
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Health and safety issues have always been a major problem and concern in the construction industry. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on health and safety criteria, particularly in developing countries. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but the results have been far from satisfactory, as construction accidents continue to dominate the overall construction industry. Despite the programs implemented by government authorities and measures introduced by companies themselves, the number of construction accidents still remains alarmingly high. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if they do, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. The UAE is one of developing countries that are currently enjoying a strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, some sectors of its construction industry suffer from poor safety and health conditions. Any framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. From this perspective this research explores the approved methods adopted in the UK in order to improve the existing code of practice in the UAE and thus introduce the foundations on which appropriate health and safety systems may be built. A framework for Health and Safety management in the UK is suggested. To reach this objective an overview of the published materials as well as the legislation has been undertaken. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to potential construction industry players and interview sessions have been conducted to meet the first objective of the project which to determine the health and safety measures currently applied on construction sites. In addition, structured interviews were carried out with selected managers from a selection of construction and oil companies, medium and large size. This thesis specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices. Based upon the analysis of the results, this study has demonstrated that the majority of those questioned UAE construction companies have a poor degree of risk awareness and do not seems to take health and safety as an important issue.
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Foster, Paula. „Champions of cultural safety : an exploration of how cultural safety can be implemented as a routine aspect of health care“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62470.
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Background: This study explores the perspectives of Champions of Cultural Safety and will potentially contribute to an Aboriginal Health team’s knowledge development of a current pilot project on Indigenous Cultural Competency transformation. This study identified healthcare providers (HCPs) who are Champions of Cultural Safety and explored their experiences practicing culturally safe care in their hospital. This study is timely given the current commitment to cultural safety and cultural humility in health services within the BC Tripartite Framework Agreement. Conducted with the guidance of the health authority’s Aboriginal Health Team, this inquiry may also assist HCPs in taking a cultural safety approach when providing healthcare in the face of ongoing racism and discrimination towards Indigenous people in healthcare and society. Methods: Using an exploratory, ethnographic, qualitative research design, recruitment began with Aboriginal Patient Navigators (APNs) who identified health care providers representing Champions of Cultural Safety. Snowball sampling was used until 8 participants from a variety of health care disciplines were recruited. Semi structured, in depth interviews were conducted with the APNs, an Elder and HCPs. Post-colonial theoretical perspectives informed the analysis and overall inquiry. A thematic analysis was conducted using constant comparison methods. Findings: The key findings are: 1) The client and health care provider relationship is the cornerstone of cultural safety (CS), 2) The organizational strategies to support CS are insufficient in the current, pervasive and conventional biomedical, organizational context, 3) Structural barriers to CS persist in the colonial context. These findings demonstrate the complexities and intersections of the HCP/client relationship, the organizational strategies to support CS and the current systemic barriers constraining the participants’ abilities to provide CS care. Discussion: The findings prompt three discussion areas: 1) The client and health care provider relationship is the cornerstone of CS, for both the client and health care provider when analyzed from a CS lens, 2) Many key characteristics of the hospital and wider health care context conflicts with a CS approach to care, 3) Structural violence characterized by racism and discrimination exists within the hospital environment, demonstrating a need for organizational interventions to address the continued Indigenous health inequities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Savarese, Josephine. „The gifts of the chip? : the regulation of occupational health and safety in the post-industrial age“. Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30324.
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In the face of the extensive changes resulting from the Post-Industrial Age, many are questioning "the gifts of the chip," or, more specifically, the ability of computer technologies to deliver the comfort predicted. The objective of this thesis is to examine the law's response to computer technology concerning occupational health and safety. This inquiry is necessary due to the dramatic changes that have occurred in the workforce, altering the profile of workplace health.The thesis begins with a reference to The Gift of Stones, a fictional account of the difficulties that stone workers experienced when the Bronze Age arrived. Modern labourers face parallel struggles due to the arrival of the Post-Industrial Age characterized by technological innovation and restructuring. The legitimacy and effectiveness of occupational health and safety law is challenged by changes to social institutions and by computer related work injuries.
In many jurisdictions, the state has responded to these changes by enacting ergonomic standards that seek to minimize the harmful effects of computer use. The thesis examines the trend towards ergonomic standards with particular focus on Canadian initiatives. In conclusion, it argues that ergonomic regulations are an important means of promoting safer computer practices. Additionally, ergonomic standards provide a mechanism for continued state regulation of occupational health and safety. The challenge for rule makers is ensuring that the standards are a component of comprehensive legal reforms.
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Li, Xiaoyun, und 李晓云. „A systematic review of the losing weight efficacy and safety of green tea catechins in slimming products“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46940261.
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Wharam, H. „Improving patient experience and safety in National Health Service (NHS) hospital wards through a ward based clinical accreditation scheme (CAS) : an exploratory trial and process evaluation“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378383/.
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In response to local and national drivers for improvements in quality of hospital nursing care an acute care NHS Trust developed an innovative ward based Clinical Accreditation Scheme (CAS). The scheme aims to assure quality of care and encourage quality improvements. This study aimed to identify changes in the quality and outcomes of care associated with the CAS, to explore the contextual factors and processes by which any effect is achieved and explore how the CAS is embedded into routine clinical practice by examining key participant perspectives on the feasibility and utility of the CAS. A controlled before-and-after study design explored outcomes from three matched pairs of adult general medical and surgical wards over a twelve month period. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Nursing Practice Environment Scale were administered to all study ward staff at study commencement and as follow up at study end. There was no evidence of an association between participation in the CAS and a change in ward culture. Statistical process charts were used to identify changes over time for rates of hospital acquired infections, pressure ulcers and falls but no clear trend emerged. Findings from staff interviews suggest that staff value the assurance and sense of recognition the accreditation process gives. The process of preparing for self-assessment has potential to promote immediate quality improvements but a number of dysfunctional effects and behaviours, and contextual factors such as constant change, were identified as hindering embedding of the process into routine practice. This study provides new knowledge demonstrating how an accreditation scheme is operationalised at the microsystem level. The scheme appears to assure quality of care and promote short term quality improvement but it is a resource intensive scheme and a number of structural changes are required to promote ongoing participation in quality improvement activities.
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Medford, Marsha Kay. „Respiratory health hazards of artists in their studios“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277152.
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Artists are exposed to numerous respiratory health hazards in the production of art. Little is known of artists' studio behaviors or of their health beliefs related to respiratory toxins. The Health Belief Model hypothesizes that individuals require a minimal level of relevant health motivation and knowledge before attempting to prevent a health condition, as well as a perception of their vulnerability to health conditions they view as threatening, conviction in the efficacy of preventive behaviors, and a perception that recommended preventive action entails few difficulties. This descriptive and exploratory study, conducted within the framework of the Health Belief Model, seeks to determine artists' knowledge, health beliefs, and preventive studio practices related to occupational respiratory health risks.
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Murphy, Lauren Ann. „A Macroergonomics Approach Examining the Relationship between Work-family Conflict and Employee Safety“. PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/214.
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In 2008, there were more than 5,200 workplace fatalities in the United States (BLS, 2010b). During the same time period, U.S. employees missed almost 1.1 million days from work (BLS, 2010c). Accidents are unexpected outcomes that result not only from individuals' behaviors, but from contextual factors (Krause, 1997; Reason, 1990). Therefore, unsafe behaviors have to be interpreted according to a combination of what is occurring in the environment and what the individual is doing in that environment. The present study sought to create a more comprehensive model of safety by means of macroergonomics. Macroergonomics utilizes sociotechnical systems theory to posit that a work system is composed of a personnel subsystem (i.e., ways individuals perform tasks), a technological subsystem (i.e., tasks to be performed), and external factors (Hendrick, 2002a). Perceived control over work hours, an aspect of the technological subsystem, was examined as an antecedent of work-family conflict. Supervisor instrumental support, an aspect of the personnel subsystem, was examined as a moderator of the relationships between perceived control over work hours and work-family conflict. Supervisors have an imperative role in employees' perception of control over their work hours (Kelly & Moen, 2007). Supervisor instrumental support was also hypothesized to moderate the relationships between work-family conflict and safety performance. Supervisors who support their employees in their work-family matters exceed mandatory requirements set forth to protect workers' safety and health (Mearns, Hope, Ford, & Tetrick, 2010). A majority of the 360 participants in the present study were grocery store employees who worked in the front end of the store as cashiers. Job tenure in this particular grocery store chain was an average of 7 years (SD = 5.96) and the average number of hours worked per week was 31 (SD = 8.55). The employees were an average age of 38 years old (SD = 15.25). Two hundred and sixty-two (73%) of the participants were female, 330 (92%) were White, 196 (55%) employees were married or living as married, 146 (41%) employees identified themselves as parents with children living at home, and 58 (16%) employees provided elder care. The data were analyzed using a moderated mediation model. An employee's perceived control over his/her work hours was negatively associated with work-to-family and family-to-work conflict. Work-to-family conflict was not significantly associated with either safety compliance or participation. In contrast, family-to-work conflict was significantly associated with both safety compliance and participation. These findings replicate Cullen and Hammer's (2007) findings that family-to-work conflict, but not work-to-family conflict, is negatively associated with safety compliance and participation. The replication of these significant findings gives support to macroergonomics' assertion that external forces (i.e., family) can affect the safety of employees. All of the meditating and moderating relationships proposed in this dissertation were not significant. I conducted post hoc analyses to determine other possible significant paths in the model examined. The FSSB dimension of supervisor instrumental support was found to positively affect both safety compliance and participation. Supervisor instrumental support was also found to directly affect work-to-family conflict. Overall FSSB and its subdimensions demonstrated similar patterns in the hypothesized relationships and in additional relationships examined. Numerous implications can be recognized from this dissertation. First, interdisciplinary approaches to safety research are emerging and important in the pursuit of safer work environments. Macroergonomics and I/O psychology have commonalities that lend themselves to a good partnership where researchers can learn from each other and collaborate to advance the study of safety. Second, organizations need to focus on the stressors their employees experience as part of their safety programs, and numerous studies, including this dissertation, have found that family-to-work conflict impacts safety compliance and participation. Future safety research may incorporate macroergonomics, which emphasizes that focusing on one adverse aspect of the system may not be enough to create valuable change if there are other adverse factors still creating demands elsewhere in the system. This will allow for a more comprehensive model that ensures certain aspects of the system are not neglected, which can reduce effectiveness of constructs used to create positive changes.
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Guros, Frankie. „Thinking About Work at Home: Implications for Safety at Work“. PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2624.
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Safety at work is of the utmost importance to employees and the organizations they work for, and as such, it is a central issue for occupational health psychology. Although dramatic decreases in the number of worker injuries and fatalities have been observed over the last several decades, safety remains a principal concern for organizations. This is especially true in occupations in which employees face serious threats to their personal safety, such as correctional officers (COs). While a number of studies have identified workplace factors that contribute to worker safety, few have attempted to draw a link between employee nonwork experiences and safety at work. In the current study, a model was tested to examine whether the relationship between cognitive nonwork recovery experiences and safety performance at work was mediated by safety motivation. Specifically, the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) and the concept of self-regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) were utilized to test these relationships. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment during nonwork time can replenish cognitive resources that employees need in order to feel motivated to be focused on safety in the workplace, and negative work reflection can drain these resources. Furthermore, drawing on Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 1998) it was posited that positive work reflection during nonwork time would have a positive relationship with safety motivation. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these cognitive recovery experiences and safety motivation would be moderated by individual perceptions of safety climate. The hypotheses were examined in a sample of COs (N = 166) from two correctional facilities in Oregon. The results overall did not provide strong empirical support for the model. No support was found for the role of psychological detachment or negative work reflection. Additionally, perceptions of safety climate did not moderate the relationship between cognitive recovery experiences and safety. However, positive work reflection during nonwork time was significantly associated with safety participation motivation, which in turn had a positive association with safety participation. Additionally analyses revealed that this relationship was reciprocal in nature when utilizing an additional sample four months after data collection, such that safety participation motivation and safety participation predicted positive work reflection. The findings from the current study build on the research between the work-life interface and safety at work, suggesting that positive nonwork experiences can potentially be related to discretional safety performance at work. Implications for practical applications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Revel, Layton. „The Impact of a Part 48 Training Program on the Health and Safety Knowledge Level of Newly Employed Inexperienced Miners“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330894/.
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The impact of a mandatory Part 48 training program on the health and safety knowledge level of newly employed inexperienced miners in Texas was studied. Part 48 training was defined by compliance with Mine Safety and Health Administration's (MSHA) mandatory health and safety training requirements. A two-group pretest, posttest research design was utilized. Group one individuals were newly employed inexperienced persons who received mandatory Part 48 training in accordance with MSHA guidelines. Group two subjects were newly employed inexperienced persons who worked for companies that were exempt from conducting a Part 48 training program. MSHA's health and safety knowledge inventory was utilized. A significant difference was found in the health and safety training program when compared with individuals who did not receive the training . A significant difference was also found in the posttest scores for eight of the ten subject areas of the MSHA health and safety knowledge inventory for persons who completed a Part 48 training program when compared to persons who did not receive the training . Analysis of gain scores resulted in significant differences in the same subject areas indicated by posttest scores. It was concluded that MSHA Part 48 did have a significant impact on the health and safety knowledge level of newly employed inexperienced miners. Additional implications noted relate to the impact of a Part 48 training program on accidents, productivity, absenteeism, turnover, job satisfaction and management styles; role of MSHA in miner training; development of new training materials; methods of training; and the evaluation of health and safety training programs.
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Viljoen, Estelle. „A systematic review of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20265.
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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is a common medical condition. Due to possible harmful side-effects that conventional medicine may pose to the fetus, many mothers choose not to use it, and are left helpless against NVP. There is a need for alternative treatment to relieve NVP symptoms. Objectives: This systematic review (SR) investigated current evidence regarding ginger for the treatment of NVP. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of ginger in treating NVP. The secondary objective was to assess the safety of ginger during pregnancy, by identifying adverse events or side-effects. Search strategy: Electronic search of bibliographic databases (1966-February 2011). Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy of ginger by any route, as treatment for NVP in pregnant women regardless of their age or stage of pregnancy. Data collection and analysis: The principal investigator and independent reviewer individually identified relevant studies, extracted data and assessed trial quality. Data analysis was performed using the RevMan5 software. Differences at the level of p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Eleven RCTs involving 1176 pregnant women were included. The quality of evidence was low, hence the high risk of bias and imprecision of results. Ginger significantly improved the symptoms of nausea when compared to placebo, when comparing the results of this SR to past SRs, and taking into account a meta-analysis performed on two relatively large included studies (mean difference (MD) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.84, p=0.0002, I2=0%). However, another meta-analysis on two smaller studies indicated no significant improvement in nausea. Ginger did not significantly improve nausea when compared to vitamin B6 (MD 0.34, 95% CI -1.52-2.20, p=0.7, I2=91%). Similarly, ginger did not significantly reduce the number of vomiting episodes during NVP, when compared to placebo, although there was a trend towards improvement (MD 0.72, 95% CI -0.03-1.46, p=0.06, I2=71%). Subgroup analyses performed seemed to favor the lower daily dosage of <1500mg ginger to possibly be more effective for the relief of nausea. Ginger did not pose a significant risk for spontaneous abortion when compared to placebo (RR 3.14, 95% CI 0.65-15.11, p=0.15; I2=0%), or to vitamin B6 (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.17-1.42, p=0.19, I2=40%). Similarly, ginger did not pose a significant risk for the side effects of heartburn or drowsiness when compared to placebo or vitamin B6. When compared to dimenhydrinate, ginger posed a smaller risk for drowsiness (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.18) and no increased risk for heartburn. Conclusions: This review suggests potential benefits of ginger in reducing nausea symptoms in pregnancy (bearing in mind the limited number of studies, variable outcome reporting and quality of evidence). Ginger did not have a significant impact on vomiting episodes, nor pose a risk for side effects or adverse events during pregnancy. Based on evidence from this SR, ginger could be considered a harmless and possibly effective alternative option for women suffering from the symptoms of NVP. Large RCTs are necessary to confirm the possible benefit of ginger as treatment for NVP.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Naarheid en vomering tydens swangerskap (NVS) is ‘n algemene mediese toestand. As gevolg van moontlike skadelike newe-effekte wat konvensionele medikasie kan veroorsaak vir die fetus, vermy baie moeders dit en word hulpeloos gelaat teen NVS. Dus is daar behoefte aan alternatiewe behandeling vir NVS. Doelwitte: Hierdie sistematiese literatuuroorsig (SO) het huidige literatuur ondersoek wat verband hou met gemmer vir behandeling van NVS. Die primêre doelwit was om effektiwiteit van gemmer as behandeling vir NVS te assesseer. Die sekondêre doelwit was om veiligheid van gemmer tydens swangerskap te assesseer, deur ongunstige gebeure en newe-effekte te identifiseer. Soektogstrategie: Elektroniese soektog van bibliografiese databasisse (1966-Februarie 2011). Seleksiekriteria: Verewekansigde gekontrolleerde proewe (RCTs) van gemmer deur enige roete as behandeling van NVS, in swanger vroue ongeag ouderdom of stadium van swangerskap. Dataversameling en –analise: Die hoof navorser en ‘n onafhanklike hersiener het individueel relevante studies geidentifiseer, data ekstraksie onderneem en studie-kwaliteit geassesseer. Data-analise is uitgevoer deur die RevMan5 sagteware te gebruik. Verskille by die vlak van p<0.05 was beskou as statisties betekenisvol. Hoof resultate: Elf RCTs waarby 1176 swanger vroue betrokke was, is ingesluit. Die studie-kwaliteit was swak, dus die hoë risiko vir sydigheid en onakkuraatheid van resultate. Gemmer het beduidend die simptome van naarheid verbeter in vergelyking met plasebo, wanneer die resultate van hierdie SO met vorige SO’s vergelyk word, en die meta-analise in ag geneem word wat op twee relatiewe groot ingeslote studies uitgevoer is (gemiddelde verskil (MD) 1.20, 95% vertrouens interval (VI) 0.56-1.84, p=0.0002,I2=0%). Kontrasterend, het ‘n ander meta-analise van twee kleiner studies geen beduidende verbetering in naarheid aangedui nie. Gemmer het nie beduidend naarheid verbeter wanneer dit met vitamien B6 vergelyk word nie (MD 0.34, 95% VI -1.52-2.20, p=0.7, I2=91%). Soortgelyk, het gemmer nie die aantal vomerings-episodes verminder, in verglyking met plasebo nie, maar daar was wel ‘n neiging na verbetering (MD 0.72, 95% VI -0.03-1.46, p=0.06, I2=71%). Die subgroup-analise blyk ten gunste te wees van die laer daaglikse dosis van <1500mg gemmer om meer effektief te wees vir die behandeling van naarheid. Gemmer het nie ‘n beduidende risiko ingehou vir spontane aborsie, wanneer dit vergelyk word met plasebo (relatiewe risiko (RR) 3.14, 95% VI 0.65-15.11,p=0.15;I2=0%), of vitamien B6 nie (RR 0.49, 95% VI 0.17-1.42,p=0.19;I2=40%). Soortgelyk, het gemmer nie ‘n beduidende risiko ingehou vir newe-effekte van sooibrand of duiseligheid, wanneer dit vergelyk word met plasebo of vitamien B6 nie. Wanneer dit vergelyk word met dimenhidrinaat, het gemmer ‘n kleiner risiko ingehou vir duiseligheid (RR 0.08, 95% VI 0.03-0.18) en geen verhoogde risiko vir sooibrand nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Hierdie SO dui ‘n potensiële voordeel van gemmer aan in vermindering van naarheid tydens swangerskap (inagnemend van die klein hoeveelheid studies, wisselende uitkomste-rapportering en studie-kwaliteit). Gemmer het nie ‘n beduidnede impak gehad op vomerings-episodes nie, en ook nie ‘n risiko ingehou vir newe-efekte of ongunstige gebeure tydens swangerskap nie. Volgens bewyse uit hierdie SO, kan gemmer beskou word as ‘n skadelose en moontlike effektiewe alternatiewe opsie vir vroue wat lei aan NVP. Grootskaalse RCTs is nodig om die moontlike voordeel van gemmer as behandeling vir NVS te bevestig.
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Tattersall, Anna Susanna Magdalena. „Oorsake van aangemelde landbouchemikalievergiftigings in die Boland : 1996-2000“. Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2265.
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Thesis (MTech (Nursing))--Cape Technikon, 2003.The developed countries of the world utilise 80% of the agricultural chemicals that are used in the agricultural sector. A total of 99% of all agricultural chemical poisoning occurs in developing countries. South Africa is classified as a developing country. During the five-year period from 1996 - 2000, 36.2% (50 cases) of the average number of cases of agricultural chemical poisoning that were reported in South Africa were in the Western Cape. Three out of four (75%) deaths as a result of agricultural chemicals during the same period were in the Western Cape. The agricultural activities that are undertaken in the Western Cape are labour intensive and various agricultural chemicals are applied continuously to meet the quality requirements of the export market. The purposes of this study were: i) to determine which factors contributed to the reported cases of agricultural chemical poisoning in the Winelands, Overberg and Breede River District Councils during the five-year period from 1January 1996 until31 December 2000, ii) to determine what procedure was followed to report these cases of poisoning, iii) to determine whether a biological monitoring programme was in place at the time of the reported poisonings, and iv) to group and to analyse the recommendations that were made during the investigation. The research methodology included a literature study to establish a theoretical framework. A descriptive retrospective quantitative research design was applied.
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Vandenberg, Shannon Y. „Saying no to childhood immunization : perceptions of mothers and health care professionals in Southern Alberta“. Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3355.
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The purpose of this grounded theory study was two-fold; first, to explore how mothers develop an understanding of childhood immunization which contributes to the decision¬making process resulting in a decision not to participate in immunization. Second, the perceptions of childhood immunization of health care professionals were also examined. The understanding and decision-making process of eight mothers was compared with the perceptions of twelve health care professionals. A number of themes were constructed from the research and a grounded theory was developed which emphasizes the importance of collaboration between non-immunizing mothers and health care professionals to promote positive health outcomes in children. The findings will assist health care professionals in understanding the factors contributing to the immunization decision-making process, which will subsequently support in delivering immunization programs. Recommendations to promote support and respect for parents' decision not to immunize their children, and assist in educating parents on immunization are also included.xiii, 275 leaves ; 29 cm
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MODANEZ, LEILA. „Aceitação de alimentos irradiados: uma questão de educação“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10120.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ziegler, Jessica. „How Can the Construction Client Improve the Work Environment in the Real Estate and Construction Process? : An Investigation of the Health and Safety Aspects in the Early Phases“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297877.
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During the last decade, the Swedish work environment authority (AV) observed a stagnancy of fatal accidents in Sweden. According to statistics, the building industry in Sweden is one of the third largest industries regarding occupational injuries and the industry with the most severe recorded fatal accidents. Scientific contributions have found that efforts and focus on health and safety aspects during the planning and design phases (early phases) could reduce work environment problems in the construction and maintenance phases. The purpose of this study is to explore how the construction client can improve the health and safety aspects in the early phases to enhance the work environment in the construction and maintenance phases. Further, identify the main challenges of health and safety in the early phases to improve the work environment at the construction and maintenance phases. The study has applied qualitative methods, with 13 semi-structured interviews with senior project managers at a public construction client in Sweden. After analyzing the semi-structured interviews, the findings were discussed with an expert panel for further clarifications. This study has identified that health and safety aspects during the planning and design can improve by different measures and methods to ensure a safer work environment in the construction project. It should be a priority for the construction client to be proactive with the health and safety aspects in the early phases. Furthermore, identified the study three main challenges of health and safety aspects. These challenges of health and safety aspects have been identified as crucial to address in the early phases for succeeding in preventing occupational accidents in construction projects. The first identified challenge is the lack of the construction clients' consciousness of their profound responsibilities in the work environment. The second challenge raised is the insufficient work environment competencies of the applied BAS-P and designers in the construction project. The last identified challenge is the lack of safety communication in the construction project, as the transfer meeting between the BAS-P and BAS-U and lessons learned meetings. The portrayed main challenges seem to face both countries inside and outside the EU, as reasoned from the discussion with Åsgård et al. Furthermore, the work environment is essential for commitment, re-evaluation, and improvements in routine activity. Including the construction clients and the involved actors in the construction process to achieve a construction industry with zero accidents and fatalities.Arbetsmiljöverket (AV) har under det senaste decenniet observerat en stagnation av dödsolyckor i Sverige. Enligt statistik är byggbranschen i Sverige en av de tredje största branscherna när det gäller arbetsskador och den bransch som har flest registrerade dödsolyckor. Vetenskapliga studier har visat att prioriteringar och fokus på hälsa och säkerhet under planerings- och projekterings skeden (tidiga skeden) kan bidra till att undvika arbetsmiljöproblem på byggarbetsplatsen i produktions skede, liksom i underhållsskedet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur byggherren kan förbättra hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i de tidiga skedena för att förstärka arbetsmiljön i produktions- och underhållsskedena. Även att identifiera de viktigaste utmaningarna för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter i de tidiga faserna för att förbättra arbetsmiljön i produktions- och underhållsskedena. Studien har tillämpat kvalitativa metoder, där semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 13 projektledare hos en offentlig byggherre i Sverige. Efter att ha analyserat resultaten från de semi-strukturerade intervjuerna diskuterades analysen med en expertpanel. Resultatet i denna studie har identifierat att hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter under planering och projektering skedena kan förbättras med olika åtgärder och metoder för att säkerställa en säkrare arbetsmiljö i byggprojektet. Vad man finner är att det bör vara en prioritet för byggkunden att vara proaktiv med hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i de tidiga faserna. Tre huvudutmaningar för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter har dessutom identifierats i resultatet. Dessa utmaningar för hälso- och säkerhetsaspekter ses som avgörande att hantera i de tidiga faserna för att lyckas med förebyggandet av arbetsolyckor i byggprojekt. Den första identifierade utmaningen är bristen på byggherrarnas medvetenhet om deras ansvar i arbetsmiljön. Den andra utmaningen som tas upp är den otillräckliga arbetsmiljökompetensen hos den tillämpade BAS-P och projektörerna i byggprojektet. Den sista identifierade utmaningen är bristen på säkerhetskommunikation i byggprojektet, som överföringsmöte mellan BAS-P och BAS-U och erfarenhetsåterföringsmöten. De viktigaste utmaningarna som presenteras i denna studie för förbättra hälso- och säkerhetsaspekterna i dem tidiga skedena verkar vara utmaningar som finns både i länderna inom och utanför EU, vilket togs upp i diskussionen med Åsgård et al. Dessutom dras slutsatsen att arbetsmiljön är ett viktigt ämne där engagemang, omvärdering och förbättringar bör vara en återkommande aktivitet. För både byggherren och de involverade aktörerna i hela byggprocessen för att uppnå en byggbransch med noll olyckor och dödsfall.
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Raphela, Selepeng France. „Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in the heavy engineering CO2 welding industry in the Mangaung Metropolitan municipality“. Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/181.
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Thesis (D. Tech. (Environmental Health)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2013Some epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to high levels of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may be linked with the development of adverse health effects. However there is still controversy on this matter. Due to rapid technological growth in the modern society, employees in the welding and electrical industries are highly exposed to electromagnetic fields and may be at a high risk for developing occupational diseases. The health effects which may result from exposure to electromagnetic fields are related to the strength and frequency of the fields. This study was conducted to (i) assess the exposure levels to EMFs in the welding industry, (ii) determine the possible health risks associated with exposure levels, and (iii) develop a health and safety model to guide the industry on how to reduce exposure to EMFs. The study was conducted in one mega welding company in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. Welders, fitters and office workers (88 in total) gave consent to participate in the study and completed questionnaires (ethical clearance attached). Measurements of extremely low frequency EMFs were taken in workshop A, workshop B and working offices. Measurements for magnetic fields were taken at distances of 1, 2 and 3 meters (m) from the EMFs sources. The exposure levels of magnetic fields were very high in the workshops, with welders and fitters exposed to about 7.6 microtesla (μT). Electric fields were relatively low in all workstations. Participants in the study were experiencing symptoms of ill health such as headaches, sleep disorders, fatigue and distress. The symptoms reported by the workers were similar in the both groups (exposed and control). There is no clear relationship between recorded exposure levels and the development of the reported symptoms. The health and safety model was developed to guide the industry to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields. The model describes the implementation of engineering and administrative control measures in an effort to reduce exposure to EMFs. The model also highlights the importance of wearing personal protective equipment to shield against EMFs amongst others. This study suggests that occupational exposure to high levels of extremely low frequency EMFs may increase the risk for development of chronic diseases such as leukaemia, brain and breast cancer and other diseases among highly exposed employees. Implementation of safety measures is necessary to reduce exposure to EMFs.
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Lehrke, Linda. „Determining and Evaluating Cost-Effective Food Safety Risk Reduction Strategies at Retail Meat Facilities“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29906.
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In spite of the documented success of Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (PR/HACCP) at the processing level, farm-level and retail-level application is optional. Several factors impact the gap of food safety regulations from farm to fork. This thesis focuses on the retail level. At the retail level, pathogen survival and the associated ability to cause further disease to humans even after being subjected to certain processing and packaging conditions have varying implications on the probability of sickness or death. This issue also arises over the fact that, sometimes, appropriate handling and processing instructions are not properly followed by consumers. The primary goals of the project are to develop an optimal food safety intervention strategy that incorporates risk, cost, and the value of pathogen reduction with alternative control mechanism. We wish to evaluate incentives for PR/HACCP-like planning and adherence to best management practices that promote safe food production. These incentives will be evaluated for the retail level. In addition, we will develop optimal intervention strategies for ready-to-eat meats and poultry products that incorporate risk assessment, cost of intervention, and the value of risk reduction of alternative strategies for the farm-to-table continuum. The model adopted in this study is an expansion of the stochastic optimization model developed by Nganje, Kaitibie, and Sorin (2005) to include the optimal intervention strategy at the retail ( consumer) level. These components are simulated with firm-level microbial data at the processing and retail level using stochastic optimizer software. Stochastic dominance was also used to compare across the optimal strategies and determine if there is one clear choice that is preferred. This allowed us incorporate risk preferences of firms. The scenario method was used to determine what factors would likely affect the adoption of PR/HACCP at the retail level. Finally, this thesis provides firms and policymakers a direction for future options concerning risk mitigation strategies.
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Meldrum, Anita. „Measuring worker engagement as an aspect of health and safety performance in the construction industry : towards a best practice tool“. Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500357.
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This thesis addresses the issue of measuring worker engagement in health and safety management in the construction industry. The concept of worker engagement has become important due to the lack of effectiveness of regulation in reducing accidents and incidents in this most risky of industrial environments. It is believed that by involving workers at all levels in the project organisation in health and safety matters and their resolution, the rate of injury can be better controlled. The study adapted and contextualised an existing management tool created by the author, based on the proposition that there are e accepted dimensions that describe worker engagement in health and safety in construction and that they can be measured.
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De, Vos Johanna B. M. „Respiratory health effects of occupational exposure to bushfire smoke in Western Australia“. University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0001.
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Bushfires are an integral part of the Australian environment, and consequently Australian fire fighters are regularly confronted with the challenge of bushfire fighting activities. Bushfires can be extensive and long-lasting, and as a result fire fighters can be exposed to bushfire smoke for long periods without respite. Anecdotal evidence suggests that bushfire smoke exposure can lead to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In an optimal environment, fire fighters are equipped with respirators and protective filters to prevent the inhalation of the air toxics in bushfire smoke. Yet, reports from the fire ground indicate that the protective filters are not effective in preventing the inhalation of bushfire smoke. As a result, fire fighters have increasingly expressed concern about the ineffective equipment and the resultant respiratory symptoms during and after bushfire fighting. This research aims to establish a scientific data base to support the anecdotal evidence. The objectives of the research were: (1) to identify and quantify the air toxics in Western Australian bushfire smoke; (2) to profile the acute respiratory health effects associated with bushfire smoke exposure; (3) to assess the effectiveness of three different types of filters under controlled conditions in a smoke chamber, and in the field during fuel reduction burn-off; (4) to formulate recommendations for reducing fire fighters' exposure to bushfire smoke; and (5) to inform policy decision makers about the most effective form of respiratory protective equipment for bushfire fighting. Exposure trials were conducted in an experimental setting utilising bushfire smoke conditions in a smoke chamber and during prescribed burn-offs. Repeated measurements of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function and oximetry were undertaken before and after bushfire smoke exposure. In addition, personal air sampling inside the respirators was undertaken to quantify and compare the levels of filtered air toxics. The analysis of the collected data demonstrated that, of those compared, the particulate/organic vapour formaldehyde filter was most effective in protecting fire fighters' respiratory health during the smoke exposure period of maximally 120 minutes. Further research would be useful to determine the v effectiveness of the filters under more realistic conditions during bushfire fighting activities. The findings of this research have resulted in a policy review in Western Australia. In 2006, the Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia (FESA) reviewed its Bush Fire Smoke Exposure Standard Operational Procedures 51, and now issues the recommended particulate/organic vapour/formaldehyde filters to the 1,000 FESA career fire fighters. The use of protective equipment for bushfire fighters is inadequately regulated worldwide and the recommendation implemented by FESA can be seen as proactive and in advance of national and international best practice. In conclusion, this project was instrumental in the translation of public health research into best practice that protects occupational health, without the need for the lengthy process of legislative reform. Fire fighter organisations in other countries with high frequencies of bushfires could learn from this example, and move to review their policies and introduce adequate personal protection for fire fighters.
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Giraldo, Matamoros Priscila. „Aspectos jurídicos de la estrategia sanitaria de la seguridad de los pacientes“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399220.
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La seguridad de los pacientes representa un problema de salud pública que afecta a todos los países con independencia de su desarrollo. No obstante, en torno a la investigación de las políticas llevadas acabo para garantizar una mayor seguridad, es menos conocido los aspectos jurídico-legales que intervienen no sólo en la ocurrencia del error, sino en la gestión del mismo, además de cómo se puede garantizar una adecuada comunicación y disculpa del error asistencial.
Los objetivos que se plantean en esta tesis doctoral como trabajo de investigación son: 1) Evaluar los eventos adversos que son judicializados a través de sentencias judiciales en España (resultados en salud, resultados en la judicatura y resultados económicos); 2) Comparar los eventos adversos judicializados en España y Massachusetts (EEUU); 3) Identificar las políticas sanitarias y jurídico-legales que favorezcan la implementación de la estrategia de la seguridad del paciente;4) Identificar los aspectos éticos-legales de una estrategia de comunicación de eventos adversos en España; 5) Analizar la comunicación de eventos adversos ocurridos en la asistencia sanitaria y su impacto en las demandas judiciales en Massachusetts (EEUU).
La presente tesis doctoral aborda cada uno de los objetivos planteados mediante compendio de artículos científicos.
El objetivo del artículo 1 fue determinar la prevalencia, características, compensación económica de los errores ocurridos en la asistencia sanitaria que habían sido juzgados en España (2002-2012). El objetivo del artículo 2 fue evaluar y comparar las características de las sentencias judiciales que juzgaron errores de la asistencia sanitaria en España y Massachusetts (2002-2012). El objetivo del artículo 3 fue identificar los aspectos éticos y legales sobre la comunicación y disculpa tras un error asistencial en España. El objetivo del artículo 4 fue proveer preliminares estimaciones de la incidencia de comunicaciones y disculpas realizadas a raíz de errores asistenciales demandados judicialmente por los pacientes y/o sus familiares en los centros asistenciales de Harvard (Boston, Massachusetts, EEUU).
Los resultados principales de la presente tesis doctoral muestran un bajo número de sentencias judiciales en el entorno sanitario que juzgan errores de la práctica clínica. Además, se muestran dos elementos fundamentales de la comunicación y disculpa de los errores. Por un lado, a través de expertos/as en el ámbito jurídico/bioético en España se incentiva la comunicación del error como ejercicio de la responsabilidad de los profesionales sanitarios Y, por otro lado, se muestra como en centros asistenciales que disponen de acuerdos en los que se establece la necesaria comunicación del error al paciente/familiares dónde este tipo de actitudes se realizan relativamente poco.
Como conclusiones finales, en España los errores asistenciales juzgados representan una cuarta parte del total de sentencias judiciales del ámbito sanitario, siendo la mayoría de ellos clasificados de alta severidad. El intervalo de tiempo entre el error y la sentencia judicial es excesivo y se identifica un amplio rango en las compensaciones económicas concedidas.
En cuanto a las implicaciones en las políticas jurídico-legales y sanitarias se hace preciso emprender, si no es posible la mejora de la eficacia del sistema judicial, recurrir a otros sistemas de resolución de conflictos como la mediación o el arbitraje en salud. Así como la necesaria elaboración de un baremo de ponderación de daños corporales y morales para los casos relacionados con la asistencia sanitaria en España. El diagnóstico médico se deben trabajar como una prioridad de las políticas sanitarias. Y, finalmente, la comunicación y disculpa del error asistencial requiere aún mayores esfuerzos, sobre todo los encaminados hacia la cultura de la comunicación del error como un deber ético/legal.The patient safety is a public health problem that affects all countries. However, around policy research carried just to ensure greater safety, little is known about the legal-legal issues involved the occurrence and the management of medical errors, and how you can ensure adequate communication and care apology error. The objectives proposed are: 1) To assess verdicts in court involving injury producing medical error in Spain (health, judicial and economic outcomes); 2) To compare the characteristics of court verdicts on medical errors allegedly harming in Spain and Massachusetts (USA); 3) Identify health and legal policies on implementation of the patient safety strategy; 4) Identify ethical and legal issues related to a disclosure an apology medical errors in Spain; 5) Analyze the reporting of medical errors reported and their impact on lawsuits in Massachusetts (USA). This thesis addresses each of the objectives set by compendium of four scientific articles. The main results of this thesis show a low number of court verdicts on medical errors allegedly harming patients. In addition, two key elements of communication and apology errors are displayed. On the one hand, the communication of the error must be an exercise of responsibility of health professionals. On the other hand, is shown as in medical centers that have agreements which the necessary communication error to the patient or relatives must be established, there such attitudes are made relatively little. As final conclusions, in Spain the courts verdicts on medical errors represent a quarter of the total of court rulings in the health field, with most of them classified as high severity. The time interval between the error and the judgment is excessive and a wide range identified in the economic compensation granted. As for the legal implications in legal and health policies it is necessary to undertake, if not possible improving the effectiveness of the judicial system, use other systems of conflict resolution such as mediation or arbitration health. Therefore, the necessary development of a scale weighting of bodily and moral damages for cases related to healthcare in Spain. The medical diagnosis must work as a priority in health policies. Finally, disclosure and apology error still requires further efforts, especially those aimed towards the culture of communication error as an ethical/legal duty.
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Eppenberger, Marius. „Older construction workers : a study of related injuries, underlying causes and estimated costs /“. Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=td_cput.
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Nhlapo, Nthabiseng. „Hygiene and nutritional content of the National School Nutrition Programme in Bloemfontein, South Africa“. Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/180.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Environmental Health)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2013Malnutrition and concomitant infections are major contributing factors to child morbidity and mortality in developing countries such as South Africa. Globally, children benefiting from school feeding programmes are generally from communities with low socio-economic statuses. The meals provided through feeding schemes, such as the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in South Africa, are aimed at significantly supplementing the beneficiaries’ daily energy and nutrient requirements. The possible nutrient deficiency of meals provided through such programmes compromises the nutritional well-being of children, promotes malnutrition and renders children more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, illness, particularly caused by diarrhoeal and infectious diseases, is a major factor contributing to child malnutrition as the human body is unable to efficiently digest foods and absorb nutrients during illness. Therefore, the microbiological safety of the foods served to children via feeding schemes is essential. In an effort to contribute towards the safety and wholesomeness of foodstuffs served through the NSNP, the present study was conducted with a view to assess the nutritional quality and safety of the foodstuffs. The knowledge, attitudes and practises (KAP) of food handlers and NSNP representatives/committee members at the schools were also investigated in order to assess origins of potential food contamination. Data collected via nutritional analyses of meals served to school children were compared to the nutrient-based standards set by the United Kingdom as guidelines for an average school lunch. The carbohydrate, energy, calcium and zinc contents of the school meals were below the standards, the majority of the meals met the protein and iron standards and all meals complied with the standards for lipid and vitamin C contents. During the microbiological analysis study, preparation surfaces yielded higher counts of all detected organisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and moulds) compared to the hands of food handlers. Therefore possible sources of contamination may be foodstuffs, animal pests and environmental elements such as dust. However, significant differences of surface microbial counts could not be established (P > 0.05) and thus cross-contamination may have resulted among surfaces, possibly augmented by shortfalls in cleaning regimes. The majority of the participants of the questionnaire survey reportedly washed their hands and cleaned all surfaces several times during the day with water and detergent. In addition, a disinfectant was used by some of the food preparers during cleaning. Furthermore, participants stated that their aprons were washed daily. These claims were in agreement with the findings of the surface microbial study with regards to the hands, however, they did not match the findings of the preparation surfaces which contained the highest counts of total coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus of the three surfaces analysed, and aprons responsible for the highest yeast and mould counts. Improper storage and food preparation methods, such as the application of high temperatures, excessive exposure to UV light and oxygen, and high moisture conditions, may result in the deterioration of nutrients. Storage conditions which may permit pest infestation may also increase the risk of food-related illnesses and risk could be further elevated by application of improper cleaning and sanitation practices. In order for the NSNP to operate effectively, it is essential that the national and provincial Departments of Basic Education, which are responsible for the overall administration of the NSNP, and schools’ personnel function in an integrated manner through support structures and effective communication. Infrastructural limitations (lack of proper kitchen facilities and ventilation) and shortage of resources while administering the NSNP were the main challenges observed during the present study. Due to these hurdles, adhering to food safety practices and maintaining nutritional quality of foods may be a challenge. Continuous training in personal and general hygiene is also a necessity in preserving food safety. Furthermore, nutritional quality of foodstuffs may be preserved through proper storage practices and application of preparation methods which minimize loss of nutrients.
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Abraham, Robel, und Egal Saleman. „Framtidens verktyg för arbetsmiljöarbete : En studie om vilka förutsättningar IT erbjuder verksamheter i deras arbetsmiljöarbete“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163194.
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The influence and impact that digitalisation have in our society has not gone unnoticed, every aspect of our daily lives have more or less been digitalized so that we can effectively communicate, share and gain information and knowledge through IT solutions. Businesses and organisations are being more effective and efficient by embedding IT solutions as a strategy into their daily work. A particular field that has been stagnant through this revolution is how businesses and organisations manage their workplace environment and the purpose of this study is therefore to shed light on, and contribute with knowledge about, the potential that IT have when it comes to managing organisational occupational health and safety. We look further into a graphical user interface such as dashboard to gain an insight on how it could be used as a tool to monitor progress within occupational health and safety. The methods used in this exploration are integrated approaches which contains both qualitative and quantitative methods, the data was collected through interviews and surveys in a public organisation. The results of the study displays three main concerns which are caused by the lack of systematic approach while working with occupational health and safety. These three concerns are identified as feedback challenges, lack of consistency and absence of appropriate actions. The study further highlights which key factors that need to be successful in order to create and maintain a healthy occupational health and safety. With the result of our study, businesses and organisations can gain an understanding and insight on what type of advantages can be gained by using IT in order to promote a systematic approach while dealing with a challenging task as the workplace environment.
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Shange, Nompumelelo. „Contamination of game carcasses during harvesting and slaughter operations at a South African abattoir“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98112.
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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The consumption of game meat and its by-products is increasing locally and internationally. The increase in consumption requires research that is focused on the microbiological quality of game meat. The harvesting and slaughter process of springbok carcasses revealed the presence of bacterial contamination. Swab samples taken after skinning portrayed a presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterobacteriaceae. Springbok carcasses swabbed after chilling indicated aerobic bacteria, Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, swab samples taken at the evisceration’s incision area tend to be lower in counts when compared to swab samples taken after skinning and after chilling. Bacterial contamination was linked to poor hygienic practices during the harvesting and slaughter process. Results showed a need for the investigation of the slaughter process. To evaluate the slaughter process’s impact on the microbial quality of game carcasses, black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) carcasses were sampled throughout the slaughter process. Before skinning, aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were enumerated from hide samples, counts ranged from 0.92 to 7.84 log cfu/g. after skinning, bacterial counts ranged from 0.93 to 6.12 log cfu/g and further decreased after chilling. Clostridium spp. counts increased after skinning, however, statistical analysis detected no significant differences between counts. Salmonella spp. was not detected. The results indicate that bacterial contamination does occur during the slaughter process. Hygienic status during the production of game meat products was also determined. Bacterial counts from raw game meat ranged from 2.37 to 5.37 log cfu/g. Counts as high as 6.16 log cfu/g were enumerated from retail products. Aerobic plate counts (APC) from ≤ 2.62 log cfu/cm2 to ≤ 6.3log cfu/cm2 were enumerated from surfaces, hands and equipment during production. Results highlighted the inefficiency of cleaning procedures and revealed that contaminated meat can allow for bacterial contamination. To determine if muscle pH influences colour stability and microbial spoilage of game meat, normal (n=6) and dark, firm and dry (DFD) (n=6) black wildebeest Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles were studied. pH affected colour, as initial (day 0) L*,a*,b*,C* and Hab values from Normal pH samples were significantly higher than values reported for DFD samples. Initial APC and Enterobacteriaceae counts from samples with Normal pH were not significantly different from counts reported for DFD samples. Initial contamination was linked to the harvesting and slaughter process. Further refrigeration (5±1ºC) for 12 days in an aerobic environment and analyses of samples every third day revealed that pH did not affect lightness and brownness as L* and b* values for DFD samples did not significantly differ overtime, the same trend was seen for samples with Normal pH. Normal pH samples showed a significant increase in a* and C* values until day 12, whilst Hab values decreased until the 12th day. The same trend was seen for a* and C* values for DFD samples until the 9th day as on the 12th day values increased. Similarly, Hab values for DFD samples decreased until the 9th day, then increased on the 12th day. Using the microbial spoilage limit of 6 log cfu/g, it was seen that DFD meat reached this limit earlier than samples with Normal pH. Overall, the study provides baseline information on the microbiological quality of game meat harvested in South Africa and slaughtered at a South African abattoir.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die plaaslike en internasionale verbruik van wildsvleis en wildsvleisprodukte is aan’t toeneem. Hierdie toename in verbuik vereis navorsing wat gefokus is op die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildsvleis. Die oes-en slagproses van springbok karkasse het die teenwoordigheid van bakteriese kontaminasie aan die lig gebring. Monsters geneem met ʼn depper na afslag van karkasse het ʼn teenwoordigheid van Escherichia coli (E. coli) getoon. Springbok karkasse wat getoets is na verkoeling het hoë vlakke van die aërobiese bakterium Clostridium spp. en van melksuurbakterieë getoon. In teenstelling hiermee is getalle laer rondom die ontweidings insnyding. Bakteriese kontaminasie was gekoppel aan swak higiëne gedurende die oes- en slagproses. Hierdie resultate het ʼn ondersoek van die slagproses aangemoedig. Om die impak van die slagproses op die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildskarkasse te evalueer, is monsters regdeur geneem van swartwildebees (Connochaetes gnou). Getalle van aërobiese bakterieë, Enterobacteriaceae, en E. coli was bepaal op vel monsters voor afslag; getalle het gewissel tussen 0.92 en 7.84 log cve/g. Getalle van bakterieë na afslag het gewissel tussen 0.93 en 6.12 log cfu/g, en het verder afgeneem na verkoeling. Clostridum spp. het toegeneem na afslag, maar statistiese analises het geen beduidende verskille getoon nie. Monsters het negatief getoets vir Salmonella spp. Die resultate toon aan dat bakteriese kontaminasie wel plaasvind gedurende die slagproses. Die higiëniese status gedurende die produksie van wildsvleis is ook vasgestel. Bakteriegetalle van rou wildsvleis het gewissel tussen 2.37 log cve/g en 5.37 log cve/g. Getalle van handelsprodukte het getalle getoon van soveel as 6.16 log cve/g. Aërobiese plaat telling tussen ≤2.62 cve/cm2 en ≤ 6.3log cve/cm2 is vasgestel vanaf oppervlakte, hande en toerusting gedurende produksie. Resultate beklemtoon die ondoeltreffendheid van skoonmaakprosedures en wys dat aangetaste vleis bakteriese kontaminasie kan toelaat. Om te bepaal of die kleurstabiliteit en mikrobiese bederf van wildsvleis geaffekteer word deur spiere se pH, is normale (n=6) en donker, ferm, en droë (DFD) (n=6) Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) spiere van die swartwildebees bestudeer. Kleur was geaffekteer deur vleis pH, siende dat die aanvanklike waardes (dag 0) vir L*, a*, b*, C* en Hab aansienlik hoër was vir monsters met normale pH as DFD monsters. Aanvanklike getalle van aërobiese plaat telling en Enterobacteriaceae telling van monsters met Normale pH het nie beduidend verskil van DFD monsters nie. Aanvanklike besmetting was gekoppel aan die oes- en slagproses. Verdere verkoeling (5±1ºC) vir 12 dae in ʼn aërobiese omgewing en analise van monsters wys dat pH nie ligtheid en bruinheid affekteer nie; waardes vir L* en b* vir DFD monsters het nie beduidend verskil oor tyd nie. Dieselfde geld vir monsters met Normale pH. Monsters met Normale pH het ʼn beduidende toename in a* en C* getoon tot en met dag 12, terwyl waardes vir Hab afgeneem het tot en met dag 12. Dieselfde patroon is waargeneem by waardes vir a* en C* vir DFD monsters tot en met dag 9, terwyl dit toegeneem het op die 12de dag. Soortgelyk het Hab waardes vir DFD monsters afgeneem tot n met dag 9, en toegeneem op die 12de dag. Dit is ook gevind dat DFD vleis die limiet vir mikrobiese bederf (6 log cve/g) vroeër bereik as monsters met Normale pH. Die studie voorsien basis inligting oor die mikrobiese kwaliteit van wildsvleis wat geoes is in Suid Afrika, en geslag is by Suid Afrikaanse slagpale.
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Himes, Lori J. „Homeowner perception and response to radon“. Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063622/.
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Balshem, Howard. „AIDS-Preventative Behaviors and the Psychological Costs of Behavior Change“. PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4705.
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This study examined the effects of behavior change on psychological health among gay and bisexual men of Portland, Oregon who were at risk for contracting AIDS. Cross-sectional self-reports of personal experiences were obtained in Summer, 1991. Sexual behaviors were used as predictors of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Adopting safer sexual behaviors was psychologically more costly than continuing to engage in high risk behaviors, or long-term adherence to safer behaviors. Behaviors amenable to short-term change differed from those conducive to long-term maintenance. Behavior change was also found to have a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.
These findings suggest that behavior change, traditionally considered as the endpoint of a process, might more appropriately be considered as an interim stage influenced by earlier, and having an influence on later, psychological health. By integrating models of behavior change from research on alcohol and drug use, smoking, and weight control, researchers studying AIDS-related behavior might better understand the place of behavior change in the process of change, relapse, and maintenance.
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Swindells, I. „Safety aspects in the storage of bitumen“. Thesis, London South Bank University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373435.
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in heated penetration and oxidised grade bitumen storage tanks in the USA, a number of suggestions were made concerning the possible presence of components of the fire triangle. If such conditions exist, then the need for inerting tanks held above certain storage temperatures can be demonstrated. Current practice relating to the handling and storage of bitumens in the UK has been examined, and measurements made at refineries, Quarries and other installations storing bitumen under elevated temperatures. This has been supplemented by the building of small scale replicas in the laboratory so that conditions in full scale tanks could be simulated. This enabled generation of flammability and gas concentration data for a variety of bitumens. A thorough investigation of bitumens and their associated coke-like deposits has been made. Flash and autoignition points have been determined, While a range of thermal analysis techniques have been employed to determine the pqssible existence of exothermic decomposition reactions. Inter alia gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry and infrared analysis techniques has enabled a detailed study to be made of the decomposition products evolved from bitumens and deposits on heating. Scanning electron microscopy and the use of a micro-combustion technique has provided information on the elemental composition. The physical properties of penetration value, -softening point, viscosity and thermal conductivity have also been determined for bitumens. It has been found that current UK practice may, in some cases, permit two sides of the fire triangle to exist in non-inerted tanks. The presence of a third component, an ignition source has not yet been substantiated. Flammable atmospheres can exist in storage tanks at the currently . recommended maximum storage temperatures. This is particularly the case with the oxidised grade bitumens which eXhibit high values of %LEL at these temperatures.
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Siddiqui, Deeba. „The Impact of Daily Safety Huddles on Safety Culture“. Thesis, Grand Canyon University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10153342.
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Death from medical error at time of writing is the third leading cause of the death in the United States. Creating a world where patients and those who care for them are free from harm is the priority in the patient safety movement. A strong culture of prioritizing safe practices is the foundation for safe patient care; this culture can be developed and maintained by the implementation of daily safety huddles. By engaging the team in safety behaviors to achieve the goal of reducing preventable patient harm, daily safety huddles have the potential to impact the safety culture at both the unit and organizational level. Daily safety huddles are deliberate, intentional, purposed conversations in a non-punitive environment from the leader with their team about safety events, concerns, and needs so that situational awareness is created, the team has a shared mental model, and resources can be assigned to reduce the risk of potential events of harm to patients, families, and the health care team. This change project evaluated the impact of daily safety huddles on unit-level safety culture as measured by the Safety Organizing Scale (SOS) survey which is based on the principles of high reliability utilizing a pre-posttest quantitative design. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the inclusive of gender, race, age, experience level, and educational level. Results indicated an overall increase in mean scores from the pre-test to the post-test for all behavioral indices of safety culture with the exception of one question describing handoff communication. A statistically significant positive difference was noted between groups with p = .03 for the SOS question on discussion of mistakes and how to learn from them as a result of huddle implementation. Thus, the implementation of huddles demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in unit level safety culture and a statistically significant improvement in one domain.
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Barker, Amanda J. „The value of proprietary health and safety software to proactive health and safety management“. Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/13334/.
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There has been little research in health and safety management concernmg the application of information technology to the field. This thesis attempts to stimulate interest in this area by analysing the value of proprietary health and safety software to proactive health and safety management. The thesis is based upon the detailed software evaluation of seven pieces of proprietary health and safety software. It features a discussion concerning the development of information technology and health and safety management, a review of the key issues identified during the software evaluations, an analysis of the commercial market for this type of software, and a consideration of the broader issues which surround the use of this software. It also includes practical guidance for the evaluation, selection, implementation and maintenance of all health and safety management software. This includes a comprehensive software evaluation chart. The implications of the research are considered for proprietary health and safety software, the application of information technology to health and safety management, and for future research.
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Slade, Zoe Helen. „Fundamental aspects of asymptotic safety in quantum gravity“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415859/.
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This thesis is devoted to exploring various fundamental issues within asymptotic safety. Firstly, we study the reconstruction problem and present two ways in which to solve it within the context of scalar field theory, by utilising a duality relation between an effective average action and a Wilsonian effective action. Along the way we also prove a duality relation between two effective average actions computed with different UV cutoff profiles. Next we investigate the requirement of background independence within the derivative expansion of conformally reduced gravity. We show that modified Ward identities are compatible with the flow equations if and only if either the anomalous dimension vanishes or the cutoff profile is chosen to be power law, and furthermore show that no solutions exist if the Ward identities are incompatible. In the compatible case, a clear reason is found why Ward identities can still forbid the existence of fixed points. By expanding in vertices, we also demonstrate that the combined equations generically become either overconstrained or highly redundant at the six-point level. Finally, we consider the asymptoticbehaviour of fixed point solutions in the f(R) approximation and explain in detail how to construct them. We find that quantum fluctuations do not decouple at large R, typically leading to elaborate asymptotic solutions containing several free parameters. Depending on the value of the endomorphism parameter, we find many other asymptotic solutions and fixed point spaces of differing dimension.
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Eke, Thomas. „Safety aspects of local anaesthesia for intraocular surgery“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29372.
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Purpose: The main objectives were: (i) to describe the current usage of local anaesthesia (LA) for intraocular surgery in the United Kingdom, (ii) to asses the incidence and severity of adverse events in patients who had LA, (iii) to audit the extent to which national LA safety Guidelines were being followed, (iv) to provide background information for a review of these Guidelines. Methods: A large, prospective observational study. All ophthalmology operating theatres in the National Health Service of the United Kingdom were invited to participate. During the initial week, participants were asked to complete an anonymous Report Form for every LA administered for intraocular surgery. Reporting of complications only continued for a total of three months. To validate the response rate, the theatre records of randomly-selected hospitals were inspected. Results: In the initial week, 2,827 correctly completed forms were returned. Participation rate was calculated to be 72.8% (95% Confidence Intervals: 56.4%, 96.3%). Anaesthesia techniques were: 70% LA alone, 5.8% LA with sedation, and 24.2% general anaesthesia. LA techniques were: 65.6% peribulbar, 16.9% retrobulbar, 6.7% sub-Tenon's, 4.4% subconjunctival, 2.9% topical, and 2.3% combinations. In this week, reported incidence of all adverse events within the orbit was 2.7%, and for 'systemic' adverse events it was 0.9%. In three months, an estimated 65,100 LA's were given (95% CI: 48,500, 81.700). Reported incidence of serious 'systemic' adverse events was similar for all LA techniques. 18 events were described as "life-threatening", 3 further patients had epileptic fits, and one patient's subsequent death was attributed to LA.
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Manyuchi, Killian Tendai. „Technology and people : an analysis of the forest workforce, technology and the sourcing decision in forest harvesting in South Africa“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53082.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Technology and People: an analysis of the forest workforce, technology and the sourcing decision in forest harvesting in South Africa. M.Sc. Forestry thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. 124pp. This thesis looks at the profiles of the workforce in forest harvesting in the forestry industry in South Africa. It provides methods and models to measure and understand people (human capital) and technology. It highlights some of the current and strategic challenges in: employee conditions of employment; occupational health and safety; worker nutrition; training; worker dynamics (employee absenteeism and labour turnover); and the technology in forest harvesting. This study puts additional emphasis towards measuring and understanding the grower company/contractor interface (i.e., the contractoring philosophy, contractor profiles and competitive strategies) and discusses the contracting decision by the grower companies. The latter, the contracting decision is important because it forms the foundation and framework upon which forest harvesting contractor businesses are built and the background for both the people and technology dynamics. Forest harvesting employees in South Africa are working in forestry because they cannot get other jobs elsewhere. They have the following profiles and mobility characteristics: median age, 34 years; median completed school level, Standard 3; median time spent working for forest contractors and grower companies, 2 and 7 years, respectively (contractors have been in the business for a median period of 7.5 years); and median labour turnover and absenteeism, 4 % and 6 %, respectively. The employee median daily wage is R24.00 and the budgeted employee training cost per year per employee is R41.40. There is a high level of occupational safety awareness amongst both the contractors and the employees and significantly high injury rates in forest harvesting. Contractors and staff from grower companies believe that the current and future forest harvesting technology depends on the type and nature of contracts between the grower companies and the harvesting contractors, backup services from machine suppliers, the exchange rates between the Rand and other major currencies and worker health linked to HIV/AIDS. The study shows that in forest harvesting, there is a need to develop approaches and business strategies to define and manage the workforce since it is the people and the technology that work together to generate results. The thesis concludes that, human skill and knowledge should form the base of an industry along with logic of systems or operations. The study challenges forest harvesting organisations to measure and integrate human capital and technology with business objectives. Thus, sustainability in forest harvesting in South Africa will depend on the ability of forest harvesting organisations to handle the human dimension and to develop/acquire, exploit and manage technology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tegnologie en die Mens: 'n Ontleding van technnology, die dinamika van uitkontrakteer en bosontginnings arbeid in Suid Afrika. M.Sc in Bosbou tesis, Universiteit van Stellenbosch, Suid Afrika. 124 bl. Tegnologie en die mensepotensiaal is van uiters belang in alle industrieë. Technologie moet toepasbaar wees en die mens moet van 'n geskikte gehalte wees met 'n paslike profiel. Hierdie proefskif focus op die tegnologie en die menslikehulpbron in bosontginning en evalueer Suid Afrikaanse Bosbou maatskappye se besluit om uit te kontrakteer. Dit bied metodes en modele aan om die menslikepotensiaal en tegnologie te evalueer en te verstaan. Die klem word geplaas op huidige en strategiese uitdagings in: diensvoorwaardes, beroepsgesondheid en -veiligheid, voiding, opleiding, arbeidersdinamika (arbeidsafwesigheid en -omset) en tegnologie in bosontginning. Hierdie studie plaas verdere klem op die ondersoek en begrip van die interaksie tussen bosbou maatskappy en kontrakteur (b.v. kontrakteur's filosofie, profiel van kontrakteurs en mededingende strategie) en om die bosbou maatskappye se besluit, om oor te skakel na kontrakteurs, te evalueer. Laasgenoemde, is van uiter belang, aangesien dit die fondament en raamwerk daarstel waarom die kontrakteurs se besigheid ontwikkel en dit gee agtergrond tot die dinamika van beide die mens en die tegnologie. Die grootste gedeelte van die arbeid in diens van die Suid Afrikaanse bosbou industrie het daarop gewys dat hulle slegs in die industrie werk omdat daar nie ander werksgeleenthede beskikbaar is nie. Kenmerke aspekte van die arbeidersmag in die Suid Afrika se bosbou industrie is die volgende: middellyn vir ouderdom - 34 jaar; middellyn vir skool qualifikasies - standard 3; middellyn vir dienstydperk by bosbou kontrakteurs - 2 jaar, en by bosboumaatskappy - 7 jaar (middellyn vir tydperk as kontakteur - 7.5 jaar); arbeidsomset en -afweesigheidis 4 % en 6 %, onderskeidelik. Daaglikse arbeidsloon is R24.00 en die begrotte opleidingskoste is R41.40 per arbeider per jaar. Beroepsveiligheid geniet 'n hoë vlak van bewustheid by beide die kontrakteurs en arbeiders. Kontrakteurs en maatskappy bestuurders glo dat die huidige en toekomstige tegnologiese ontwikkeling afhanklik is van die aard van kontrakte, ondersteuning en diens van verskaffers, die wisselkoers en arbeiders se gesondheid (gekoppel aan HIVNIGS). Aangesien die mens en tegnologie gesamentlik bydra tot werksproduksie, bestaan daar 'n behoefde in bosonginning vir die ontwikkeling van naderings en besigheids strategieë om die bestuur van mense en tegnologie te defineer. Die werkstuk beslis dat die menslike kennis en vermoeë, saam met logika van stelsels of activiteite, die fondament van die industie daarstel. Bosontginnings maatskappye word aangespoor om die gebruik van tegnologie te ondersoek, en die menslike hulpbron en tegnologie te meet en met die maatskappy se doelstelling te integreer. Ten slotte, die standhoudenheid van bosonginning in Suid Afrika sal afhang van die vermoeë van bosontginnings maaskappye om die menslike dimensie korrek te kan bestuur en om tegnologie effektief te ontwikkel (of aan te koop), te gebruik en te bestuur.
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Fisk, Richard Hugh. „Health and safety development planning“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2903/.
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Malowaniec, Leah. „Determining community attitudes and concerns with respect to the establishment of safer injection facilities in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84527.
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Safer injection facilities (SIFs) provide a clean and supervised environment, thereby reducing health risks to drug users. Potential benefits include fewer overdoses, decreased rates of HIV, Hepatitis, and other blood-borne viruses, a reduction in open drug use, increased opportunities for health services and treatments, and cost savings to society. A pilot safer injection site is expected to open in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside in September 2003. This study assesses community attitudes and concerns with respect to SIFs. Focus groups with police officers, street nurses, and injection drug users in February and March 2003 revealed that they are supportive of the sites. Concerns related to the community impacts, external supports, administration, process, safety, and special populations (e.g. women, youth) were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the involvement of injection drug users in planning and programming, the inclusion of peer workers, the relationships between injection drug users, the wider population, and the police, and safety for marginalized populations. Recommendations to address concerns and ensure inclusive processes are provided.
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Jonsson, Per. „Safety and biological aspects of present techniques of haemodialysis“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-941.
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Coss, Benjamin Edward. „Designing out crime internal & external aspects of safety /“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212089873.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Jay Chatterjee (Committee Chair), Michael McInturf (Committee Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 7, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: Crime Prevention; Architecture; Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gunnarsson, Anna-Karin. „Patients with Hip Fracture : Various aspects of patient safety“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232825.
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The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate whether patient safety can be improved for patients with hip fracture by nutritional intervention and by pharmacological treatment with cranberry concentrate. Another aim was to describe the patients’ experience of involvement in their care. The thesis includes results from four studies that include both quantitative and qualitative design. Studies I and II were intervention studies with a quasi-experimental design, with intervention and comparison groups. Study III was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with intervention and control groups. Study IV took a qualitative approach. Study I showed that when patients with hip fracture received nutritional supplementation according to nutritional guidelines, from admission until five days postoperatively, fewer patients developed pressure ulcers. Study II showed that it is possible to objectively evaluate a short-term nutritional intervention through the nutritional biochemical marker IGF-1, as it was affected by a five-day high-energy regimen. The randomised controlled trial, Study III, showed that a short-term treatment from admission until five days postoperatively with cranberry as capsules does not seem to be useful in preventing positive urine cultures in female patients with hip fracture and a urinary catheter. Finally, Study IV showed that patients with hip fracture reported experiencing very little involvement in their nursing care, to the extent that fundamental aspects of nursing care went unfulfilled. Patients did not feel valued by the nurses and unbearable pain that affected rehabilitation was reported. Positive interactions with nurses, however, did encourage patients to be more active. It is possible for every nurse to improve patient safety at bedside when caring for patients with hip fracture. Simply by increasing caloric/energy intake, it is possible to prevent pressure ulcers. It is also important to involve patients in nursing care, since the patients have experienced low or almost no involvement in care. Nurses need to see each patient as a whole person with different wishes and needs. However, certain prerequisites have to be in place to give nurses the opportunity to increase patient safety at bedside for patients with hip fracture.
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Rodrigues, Beatriz de Melo. „Aircraft safety assessment process enhanced by human factors aspects“. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1041.
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Flight Safety is nowadays one of the concerns of global aviation community and is relevant to the survival of the aeronautical industry. In this context, expansion of human factors awareness presents a significant opportunity to make aviation safer, since the human / machine interface is a frequent source of error. This work analyzes the human interface with a specific aircraft system, i. e., the Gust Lock System of ERJ-145. The aim is to define a framework for developing a human error assessment process to mitigate the effects of human error, in the same way the system safety process mitigates the effects of system possible failures. From the system safety engineering standpoint, the human can be taken as part of the considered system. Then, functions that the human needs to perform in his interaction with the system can be identified. With this information, each human failure mode can be assessed critically and the human related failure effects along the system can be studied. This study can result in design changes or improvements that may minimize the effects of unacceptable human failure modes. Furthermore, it is discussed some points of the Safety Assessment conducted by EMBRAER, in order to identify possible deficiencies in the development of safety cases using classical safety analysis techniques as well as make suggestions for the enhancement of these techniques. According to this approach, an analysis of the calculation of the average probability per flight hour is condusted when there are latent events along the process. Besides, it is performed the sensitivity analysis of a component failure so as to identify technical bottlenecks and provide guidelines for effective actions to the system improvement. Finally, considerations regarding the susceptibility of each failure condition to human influence are also presented.