Thematische Bibliographien / HDDG

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „HDDG“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "HDDG"

Kim, Kyungmin, und Minseok Song. „Energy-Saving SSD Cache Management for Video Servers with Heterogeneous HDDs“. Energies 15, Nr. 10 (16.05.2022): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103633.

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Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) technique, the most popular streaming method, requires a large number of hard disk drives (HDDs) to store multiple bitrate versions of many videos, consuming significant energy. A solid-state drive (SSD) can be used to cache popular videos, thus reducing HDD energy consumption by allowing I/O requests to be handled by an SSD, but this requires effective HDD power management due to limited SSD bandwidth. We propose a new SSD cache management scheme to minimize the energy consumption of a video storage system with heterogeneous HDDs. We first present a technique that caches files with the aim of saving more HDD energy as a result of I/O processing on an SSD. Based on this, we propose a new HDD power management algorithm with the goal of increasing the number of HDDs operated in low-power mode while reflecting the heterogeneous HDD power characteristics. For this purpose, it assigns a separate parameter value to each I/O task based on the ratio of HDD energy to bandwidth and greedily selects the I/O tasks handled by the SSD within limits on its bandwidth. Simulation results show that our scheme consumes between 12% and 25% less power than alternative schemes under the same HDD configuration.

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Wang, Shucheng, Ziyi Lu, Qiang Cao, Hong Jiang, Jie Yao, Yuanyuan Dong, Puyuan Yang und Changsheng Xie. „Exploration and Exploitation for Buffer-Controlled HDD-Writes for SSD-HDD Hybrid Storage Server“. ACM Transactions on Storage 18, Nr. 1 (28.02.2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465410.

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Hybrid storage servers combining solid-state drives (SSDs) and hard-drive disks (HDDs) provide cost-effectiveness and μs-level responsiveness for applications. However, observations from cloud storage system Pangu manifest that HDDs are often underutilized while SSDs are overused, especially under intensive writes. It leads to fast wear-out and high tail latency to SSDs. On the other hand, our experimental study reveals that a series of sequential and continuous writes to HDDs exhibit a periodic, staircase-shaped pattern of write latency, i.e., low (e.g., 35 μs), middle (e.g., 55 μs), and high latency (e.g., 12 ms), resulting from buffered writes within HDD’s controller. It inspires us to explore and exploit the potential μs-level IO delay of HDDs to absorb excessive SSD writes without performance degradation. We first build an HDD writing model for describing the staircase behavior and design a profiling process to initialize and dynamically recalibrate the model parameters. Then, we propose a Buffer-Controlled Write approach (BCW) to proactively control buffered writes so that low- and mid-latency periods are scheduled with application data and high-latency periods are filled with padded data. Leveraging BCW, we design a mixed IO scheduler (MIOS) to adaptively steer incoming data to SSDs and HDDs. A multi-HDD scheduling is further designed to minimize HDD-write latency. We perform extensive evaluations under production workloads and benchmarks. The results show that MIOS removes up to 93% amount of data written to SSDs, reduces average and 99 th -percentile latencies of the hybrid server by 65% and 85%, respectively.

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Karagiannidis, Athanasios, Konstantinos Lagouvardos, Vassiliki Kotroni und Elisavet Galanaki. „Expected Changes in Heating and Cooling Degree Days over Greece in the near Future Based on Climate Scenarios Projections“. Atmosphere 15, Nr. 4 (22.03.2024): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040393.

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The change in heating and cooling needs of Greece in the near future due to the climate change is assessed in the present study. Global and regional climate models and two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are used to simulate the expected change in temperature. A widely used methodology of computation of heating degree days (HDDs) and cooling degree days (CDDs) is employed with a base temperature of 18 °C. In agreement with the expected temperature rise in the near future, an HDD decrease and CDD increase under both RCPs is also expected. The changes under RCP8.5 are stronger compared to those under RCP4.5. Differences related to topography are noted. The HDD decrease is stronger than CDD increase but the relative increase in CDDs is higher than the relative increase in HDDs. The highest absolute decreases in HDDs are expected for February and March while the highest absolute increases in CDDs are expected during the three summer months.

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Andrade, Cristina, Sandra Mourato und João Ramos. „Heating and Cooling Degree-Days Climate Change Projections for Portugal“. Atmosphere 12, Nr. 6 (01.06.2021): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060715.

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Climate change is expected to influence cooling and heating energy demand of residential buildings and affect overall thermal comfort. Towards this end, the heating (HDD) and cooling (CDD) degree-days along with HDD + CDD were computed from an ensemble of seven high-resolution bias-corrected simulations attained from EURO-CORDEX under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). These three indicators were analyzed for 1971–2000 (from E-OBS) and 2011–2040, and 2041–2070, under both RCPs. Results predict a decrease in HDDs most significant under RCP8.5. Conversely, it is projected an increase of CDD values for both scenarios. The decrease in HDDs is projected to be higher than the increase in CDDs hinting to an increase in the energy demand to cool internal environments in Portugal. Statistically significant linear CDD trends were only found for 2041–2070 under RCP4.5. Towards 2070, higher(lower) CDD (HDD and HDD + CDD) anomaly amplitudes are depicted, mainly under RCP8.5. Within the five NUTS II regions projections revealed for 2041–2070 a decrease in heating requirements for Algarve and Lisbon Area higher in Faro, Lisboa and Setúbal whereas for North and Center regions results predicts an increase in cooling energy demand mainly in Bragança, Vila Real, Braga, Viana do Castelo, Porto and Guarda, higher under RCP8.5.

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Edgell, Dennis J. „Spline Plotting Method to Visualize Climate Change of Heating and Cooling Degree-Days in North Carolina“. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science 138, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/jncas-d-23-00002.1.

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Abstract Degree-days are variables utilized for the planning, estimation and assessment of heating requirements and cooling demands of building interiors. Heating Degree-Days (HDD) are the number of degrees that a day's mean temperature is below 65° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Cooling Degree-Days (CDD) are the number of degrees that a day's mean temperature is above 65° Fahrenheit (18° Celsius). Long and short term climate changes have the potential to change heating and cooling. Original data were NOAA Climate Division areal averages for monthly total HDD and monthly total CDD. Raw data were downloaded from a NOAA online database. Univariate statistics for all eight North Carolina climate divisions were calculated. The time series of annual total HDDs and CDDs is complete from 1895 to 2017. A spline routine was fit through the series in order to best visualize trends. Results indicate that annual total HDD and CDD have changed over time, but the time series relationships are not linear. The most recent decades show that annual CDDs are rapidly increasing, while HDDs steadily decline. Energy demands for summer cooling will not be offset by decreased energy demands in winter.

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Hredzak, B., und G. Guo. „New passive balancing algorithm for high-density hard disk drives“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, Nr. 4 (01.04.2004): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440620421800405.

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One of the major sources of vibrations in hard disk drives (HDDs) is unbalance caused by an uneven distribution of the mass on the rotational part of the HDD. Vibrations are limiting the increase in the storage density of the HDDs; therefore it is of paramount importance to identify major sources of vibrations and to reduce them to the minimum level. This paper proposes a new passive balancing algorithm which can achieve significant reduction in the HDD unbalance at low cost and with a high yield rate. The unbalance reduction is achieved using a balancing ring with a large number of holes which are used for the placement of balancing masses of a given weight. The optimum number and position of the balancing masses is then found in order to reduce the residual unbalance to minimum level. Guidelines on optimum selection of the correction mass are also proposed.

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Wasala, Sahan, Yutong Xue, Lon Stevens, Ted Wiegandt und Tim Persoons. „Numerical simulations of flow induced noise from a dual rotor cooling fan used in electronic cooling systems“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 5 (01.08.2021): 1308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1809.

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD) system enclosures in a data center require effective cooling systems to avoid HDD overheating. These systems often rely on air cooling because of their cost effciency and maintainability. Air cooling systems typically consist of an array of axial fans which push or pull the air through the system. These fans emit high level tonal noise particularly at high tip speed ratios. High-capacity HDDs, on the other hand, are sensitive to high acoustic noise, which consequently increases the risk of read/write error and deteriorates drive performance. Therefore, cooling fan noise adversely affects the function of the HDD enclosure systems which emphasizes the need to understand the noise sources and develop methods to mitigate HDD noise exposure.

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Atsumi, Takenori. „Head-Positioning Control of Hard Disk Drives Through the Integrated Design of Mechanical and Control Systems“. International Journal of Automation Technology 3, Nr. 3 (05.05.2009): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0277.

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A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is an inexpensive mass-production product, but the head-positioning control systems of HDDs require nanometer-scale positioning performance. Therefore, we have studied head-positioning control systems of HDD using designs which integrate mechanical and control systems to improve their control performance while curbing cost increases. In this paper, we introduce “disturbance suppression in high-frequency ranges through phase stable design for high-order mechanical resonances” and “high servo-bandwidth design through mode shape design of mechanical resonance” as examples of techniques that have been developed and are easily applied to products.

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Tzeng, H. „Characteristics of Particle Deposition on Disks in Disk Drives“. Journal of the IEST 37, Nr. 2 (01.03.1994): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.37.2.e80828272442j127.

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The characteristics of particle deposition on disk surfaces in hard disk drives (HDDs) was studied. The density of tracer particles deposited on the disks was measured to determine the deposition profile. The circumferentially averaged deposition density increases monotonically with radius. The number of deposited particles on the two outermost disk surfaces is more than twice that on other disk surfaces in the HDD. An obstruction to the flow unequally enhances the particle deposition on the disk: 15 percent to the two outermost surfaces, and 55 percent to the other surfaces. These features can be explained satisfactorily by the airflow characteristics in the HDD.

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Watts, Liam, Julien Walzberg, Alberta Carpenter und Garvin A. Heath. „Exploring Secondary Markets to Improve Circularity: A comparative case study of photovoltaics and hard-disk drives“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1196, Nr. 1 (01.10.2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1196/1/012029.

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Abstract Each year renewable energy generation increases notably with solar panel installations, but these panels have a limited lifespan and will produce between 2 and 4 million metric tons of waste by 2040. Similarly, there are currently between 20 to 70 million hard-disk drives (HDDs) reaching end-of-life (EOL) annually. The circular economy (CE) strives to recycle and reuse materials that are rare and expensive to obtain, minimizing waste. However, studying the potential circularity of photovoltaics (PV) and HDDs requires various data, for instance, on the maturity of the secondhand markets. In this context, the objective of the present study is to identify the current state of secondhand PV and HDD markets. After conducting a literature review, an automated data collection process was set up for that purpose. The analysis of the literature and collected data assess the maturity of the secondhand PV modules and HDDs markets and highlight differences between them.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "HDDG"

Sheridan, Richard Stuart. „Optimisation of HDDR processing parameters of sintered NDFEB magnets“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4929/.

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In recent years rare earth metals have hit the headlines due to supply restrictions of neodymium and dysprosium from the main supplier China. The work in this thesis investigates the possibility of recycling sintered NdFeB-type magnets using a combination of hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and the HDDR process (Hydrogenation Disproportionation Desorption and Recombination). In this work the development of microstructure during the HDDR process has been identified and the route taken by hydrogen during absorption and desorption. The microstructure and magnetic properties have been shown to be affected by the process temperature, disproportionation pressure and recombination pressure and time. Sample batches up to 100g exhibit little variation in magnetic properties however 400g batches result in large variations partially due to incomplete recombination. By increasing the disproportionation pressure it was possible to simultaneously process mixed scrap feeds with different Dy and Co levels, however a large variation in magnetic properties was also observed. Optimal processing of sintered Nd\(_{13.4}\)Dy\(_{0.7}\)Fe\(_{78.6}\)Al\(_{0.7}\)Nb\(_{0.4}\)B\(_{6.3}\) was performed by in-situ HD followed by HDDR at 880\(^o\)C with a disproportionation pressure of 1500mbar and recombination under vacuum. The resultant powder exhibited a remanence of 1.08 T, coercivity of 840 kAm\(^{-1}\) and maximum energy product of 178 kJm\(^{-3}\).

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Fengming, Li. „Modeling and Control of Algae Harvesting, Dewatering and Drying (HDD) Systems“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333480231.

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Silva, Suelanny Carvalho da. „Nanocompósitos à base de Pr2Fe14B/ α - Fe para aplicações térmicas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29042013-101915/.

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Neste trabalho, pós magnéticos nanoestruturados de PrxFe94-xB6 (x = 6, 8, 10 e 12) foram preparados a partir da combinação do processo de hidrogenação, desproporção, dessorção e recombinação (HDDR) e moagem de alta energia entre uma liga em estado bruto de fusão (Pr14Fe80B6) e Fe-α em pó. As nanopartículas produzidas apresentaram propriedades magnéticas e microestruturais comparáveis aos estudos realizados em hipertermia. O tempo ideal para obtenção de nanopartículas magnéticas é de 5 horas (a 900 rpm). Foi constatado que quanto maior o tempo de moagem, maior o percentual de carbono nas partículas (0,05 - 3,43 % C). O carbono é proveniente do ácido oléico adicionado como surfactante na etapa de moagem. Os nanocompósitos obtidos exibiram forças coercivas entre 80 Oe (6,5 kAm-1) e 170 Oe (13,5 kAm-1), e momentos magnéticos variando entre 81 - 129 Am2kg-1. A partir da difração de raios X foram identificadas apenas duas fases em todas as amostras: Fe-α e a fase magnética Pr2Fe14B. Nanopartículas isoladas com diâmetro aproximado de 20nm foram analisadas. Todas as composições estudadas apresentaram aquecimento proveniente da exposição a um campo magnético alternado (f = 222 kHz e Hmax ~3,7 kAm-1) comparáveis aos reportados na literatura. As variações de temperaturas (ΔT) dos pós foram: 51 K referente à composição de Pr6Fe88B6, 41 K para Pr8Fe86B6, 38 K no composto com 10% at. Pr (Pr10Fe84B6) e 34 K em Pr12Fe82B6. As taxas de absorção específicas estimadas foram de 201 Wkg-1 para a composição Pr6Fe88B6, 158 Wkg-1 para a composição Pr8Fe86B6 e 114 Wkg-1 para as composições Pr10Fe84B6 e Pr12Fe82B6.
In this work, PrxFe94-xB6 (x = 6, 8, 10 and 12) nanostructured powders were prepared by a combination of hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) process with high energy milling applied to the mixture of an as-cast alloy (Pr14Fe80B6) and α-Fe. The produced nanoparticles showed magnetic properties comparable to those reported in hyperthermia studies. The optimal time to obtain the magnetic nanoparticles is 5 hours (at 900 rpm). It was verified that longer milling times cause an increase in carbon percentage on the particles. The carbon is derived from oleic acid added as a surfactant in the milling step. The nanocomposites exhibit coercive force ranging from 80 Oe (6.5 kAm-1) to 170 Oe (13.5 kAm-1) and magnetic moments in the range of 81 129 Am2kg-1. From the x-ray diffraction analyses, only two phases were found in all samples: α-Fe and the magnetic phase Pr2Fe14B. Individual nanoparticles with diameter of about 20 nm were verified. The samples studied presented heating when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (f = 222 kHz e Hmax ~3.7 kAm-1) comparable to reported in literature. Temperature variations (ΔT) of the powders were: 51 K for Pr6Fe88B6, 41 K for Pr8Fe86B6, 38 K for Pr10Fe84B6 and T = 34 K for Pr12Fe82B6. The specific absorption rates (SARs) of the powders were 201 Wkg-1 for Pr6Fe88B6 composition, 158 Wkg-1 on the composition Pr8Fe86B6, and 114 Wkg-1 for Pr10Fe84B6 and Pr12Fe82B6 compositions.

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Sun, Peng. „HPV-16 E6, hDlg and Connexin 43 in cervical carcinogenesis“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5003/.

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Disruption of gap junctional intercellular communication and/or Connexins (the channel proteins of gap junctions) is frequently reported in malignant cell lines and tumours. Many tumor cells exhibit aberrant gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which can be restored by transfection with Connexin genes. Of the Connexin family, Connexin 43 has attracted the most attention as it is widely expressed in many tissues and Connexin 43 gap junctions correlate with various physiological functions. Connexin 43 is a short-lived protein (half-life of 1-3 h in cultured cells), both lysosomes and proteasomes having been reported to be involved in its degradation. Certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with the development of cancers, especially of the cervix, have been reported to downregulate GJIC in vitro. There is also evidence for reduced gap junctions in cervical dysplasia. The association between HPV and GJIC, and the mechanism and consequence of deregulated GJIC in cervical tumour progression, remains unclear. In HPV-16 associated cervical cancer, the viral oncogene E6 inactivates the tumour suppressor p53, but also has p53- independent functions in tumour progression. One of these may involve interaction with hDlg (the human homologue of Drosophila Discs Large), a tumour suppressor present in epithelial cells at sites of cell-cell contact and which regulates cell polarity and attachment. hDlg contains three PDZ protein-protein interaction domains, the second PDZ domain of which binds E6. Connexin 43 also has a PDZ binding domain in its C-terminus. Previously, it was demonstrated that Connexin 43 relocates from the membrane to the cytoplasm in a novel HPV-16 E6-containing cervical epithelial cell line (named WI2GPXY) that is fully transformed and invasive and deficient in gap-junctional intercellular communication (Aasen T et aI., 2003 Oncogene 22, 7969- 7980). The overall aim of this project was to investigate the relationship of loss of gap junctions to malignant progression by comparing the properties of W12GPXY with those of the non-malignant parental cell line, WI2G, from which W12GPXY was derived. First, microarray was used to identify global differences in RNA expression between the two cell lines, large differences were seen in expression of angiogenesis-related genes and they were confirmed by Real-Time RT-PCR for three genes, IL-8, VEGF and FGF-2. No significant differences were noted for connexin genes but there were differences in MAGUK family members including hDlg. However, protein expression studies by western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed a significant increase (2.9 fold) of HPV-16 E6 in W12GPXY cells, which co-localises with hDlg in the cytoplasm. Connexin 43 also binds hDlg. Treatment ofW12GPXY cells with Leptomycin B to trap E6 in the nucleus or siRNA knockdown of E6 abrogate the relocation and co-location of hDlg and endogenous wild type Connexin 43 and restore Connexin 43 gap junction at points of cell-cell contact. Further, when C33a cells (HPV -negative cervical tumour cells which normally retain large Connexin 43 gap junctions) are transfected with HPV -18 wild type E6, changes in localisation of Connexin 43 and hDlg are consistent with those in W12GPXY cells. However, C33a cells transfected with a mutant E6 lacking the hDlg binding site retain Connexin 43 gap junction plaques. Finally, Connexin 43 associates with hDlg through its PDZ-binding domain and this is required for its relocalisation to the cytoplasm in W12GPXY cells. The results suggest that increased cytoplasmic E6 associated with malignant progression of W12GPXY cells redistributes Connexin 43 from membrane junctions into the cytoplasm by a mechanism involving binding of hDlg to the Connexin 43 C-tenninal tail. The findings have uncovered a new role for hDlg in trafficking of Connexin 43. It also provides a novel mechanism for the loss of gap junctional intercellular communication during malignant progression of squamous epithelial cells. The specific roles played by lysosomes and proteasomes in the degradation of Connexin 43 in W12GPXY cells were also studied. The results suggest the involvement of both proteolytic pathways, although the lysosome seems to be the major compartment for Connexin 43 degradation. Association with HPV-16 E6 and hDlg together with proteasome activity seems to be required for Connexin 43 redirection from the cell membrane and transport into the lysosomal degradation pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that Connexin 43 gap junction intercellular communication was lost from the cell membrane requiring maintenance of E6 and hDlg complexes for proteasomal internalization and consequently transport into lysosomal compartment for degradation in W12GPXY cells.

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Fujita, Akira. „A study on magnetic anisotropy induced in the HDDR process“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343855.

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Shivane, Chetan. „Environment-friendly anti-corrosion 'Superprimers' for HDG“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1140205616.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 20, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Superprimer,Corrosion, Coatings, Silanes, primers, HDG Includes bibliographical references.

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SHIVANE, CHETAN. „ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY ANTI-CORROSION 'SUPERPRIMERS' FOR HDG“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1140205616.

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Cannesan, Nicolas. „The production and characterisation of anisotropic HDDR (Pr,Nd)FeB-based powders“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402527.

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Konigsberg, Paul C. (Paul Carey) 1976. „Acquisition behavior for a HDD interpolative timing recovery system“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80089.

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Thesis (S.B. and S.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 20).
by Paul Carey Konigsberg.
S.B.and S.Eng.

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Engerroff, Juliano Assis Baron. „Obtenção via HDDR de pós nanocristalinos anisotrópicos à base de Nd-Fe-B“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/169331.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Florianópolis, 2015.
Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T12:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 338942.pdf: 2648527 bytes, checksum: cb886767d486111772a926000df5ded9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
O mercado de ímãs permanentes para aplicações de alto desempenho é hoje dominado pelos ímãs à base de terras raras (TR), como os ímãs de Nd-Fe-B. Neste contexto, uma das técnicas mais promissoras atualmente para obtenção de pós para ímãs compósitos é o processo d-HDDR (hidrogenação-desproporção-dessorção-recombinação, d = dinâmico), tratamento este realizado a alta temperatura sob atmosfera de hidrogênio a fim de promover o endurecimento magnético pelo refinamento da microestrutura, além de induzir textura magnética que, por consequência, maximiza o valor de produto de energia máximo. O presente trabalho tem como foco o estudo do processo d-HDDR aplicado a uma liga à base de Nd-Fe-B da classe comercial N42 para obtenção de pós nanocristalinos próprios para preparação de ímãs anisotrópicos. Sendo assim, elaborou-se um ciclo próprio de d-HDDR de referência e, a partir do mesmo, determinou-se as influências das seguintes variáveis: tempo de patamar para desproporção; tempo de patamar para recombinação final e temperatura de patamar para desproporção e recombinação. A caracterização magnética das amostras se deu por meio de um histeresígrafo. Já a microestrutura foi caracterizada via difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura com emissão de campo. Os resultados mostraram que o processo d-HDDR estudado foi efetivo para obtenção de pós nanocristalinos com tamanho de grão de aproximadamente 300 nm e com grau de alinhamento de 80%. Para os intervalos de tempo de patamar de desproporção analisados, não há mudanças significativas dos valores de propriedades magnéticas quando comparados aos valores de referência, mantendo-se em Br ? 1,07 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m e (BH)max ? 75 kJ/m³. Já para diferentes intervalos de tempo de patamar para recombinação final, ocorrem mudanças significativas dos valores de propriedades magnéticas, havendo um patamar de valores máximos em intervalos próximos ao de referência, onde Br ? 1,1 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m e (BH)max ? 85 kJ/m³. Considerando as diferentes temperaturas de patamar para desproporção e recombinação avaliadas, os máximos valores de propriedades magnéticas atingidos foram: Br ? 1,05 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m e (BH)max ? 80 kJ/m³.

Abstract : Rare earth-based magnets, e.g. Nd-Fe-B, now dominate the market of permanent magnets used for high performance applications. In this regard, one of the most promising techniques is currently the so called d-HDDR process (hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination, d = dynamic), which includes a set of high temperature treatments under hydrogen atmosphere, in order to ensure magnetic hardening by microestrutural refinement and induce magnetic texture, whose consequently maximize maximum energy product value. This work focuses on the study of d-HDDR process applied to Nd-Fe-B-based alloy of N42 commercial class in order to obtain nanocrystalline powders, proper for anisotropic magnets fabrication. Therefore, it was prepared a proprietary d-HDDR cycle in which the following variables were studied: holding time for disproportionation; holding time for final recombination and disproportionation-recombination temperature. Magnetic characterization of the samples was carried out by means of a histeresigraph, whereas the formed phases were characterized via X-ray diffraction and the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that d-HDDR process was effective for obtaining anisotropic powders with grain size of approximately 300 nm and alignment degree of 80%. For the studied interval of holding time for disproportionation, no significant change of the magnetic values occurred if compared to the reference cycle, with values of Br ? 1.07 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m e (BH)max ? 75 kJ/m³. However, for different time intervals in final recombination, there are significant changes in the values of magnetic properties, with a plateau of maximum values near the reference range, in which Br ? 1.1 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m e (BH)max ? 85 kJ/m³. Regarding the different studied temperatures for disproportionation and recombination, the maximum values of magnetic properties achieved were Br ? 1.05 T, Hcj ? 700 kA/m and (BH)max ? 80 kJ/m³.

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Bücher zum Thema "HDDG"

Sony. Semiconductor IC data book 1993: FDD/HDD. Tokyo: Sony, 1993.

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Fujita, Akira. A study on magnetic anisotropy induced in the HDDR process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Short, Carolyn Lesley. Production of anisotropic Nd-Fe-B type magnets, using the HDDR process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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(Germany), Hesse. Data Protection Act of the State of Hesse: Of November 11, 1986 = (Hessisches Datenschutzgesetz : HDSG). Wiesbaden: Hessian Data Protection Commissioner, 1987.

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Gutfleisch, Oliver. Fundamental studies on hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and recombination (HDDR) processes in Nd-Fe-B-Type alloys. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Burkhardt, Carlo. Production and characterisation of HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders based on material produced by the direct reduction process. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Cannesan, Nicolas. Production and characterisation of high density PTFE bonded Pr-Fe-Co-B-M (M= Zr or Nb) anisotropic HDDR magnets. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (3rd 2000 Tokyo, Japan). Digests of APMRC2000: On mechanical and manufacturing aspects of HDD : November 6-8, Kokuyo Hall, Tokyo, Japan. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2000.

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Guegan, Peter William. Studies relating to the development of bulk anisotropy in Nd-Fe-B alloys, containing Zr and other additions, processed by the HDDR method. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Book, David. A study into the different stages of the Hydrogenation-Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination (HDDR) process used inthe production of Nd-Fe-B type permanent magnets. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "HDDG"

Wietzke, Joachim. „HDD“. In Xpert.press, 75–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23996-0_10.

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Hirata, Mitsuo. „HDD Benchmark Problem“. In High-Speed Precision Motion Control, 259–81. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11428-8.

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Pottenger, William M., Yong-Bin Kim und Daryl D. Meling. „HDDI™: Hierarchical Distributed Dynamic Indexing“. In Data Mining for Scientific and Engineering Applications, 319–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1733-7_18.

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Gutfleisch, O., G. Drazic, C. Mishima und Y. Honkura. „Anisotropy Mechanism in HDDR Processed NdFeB“. In Bonded Magnets, 37–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1090-0_3.

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Du, Shukai, und Francisco-Javier Sayas. „Variants of the HDG Method“. In SpringerBriefs in Mathematics, 69–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27230-2_4.

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Du, Shukai, und Francisco-Javier Sayas. „HDG Methods for Evolutionary Equations“. In SpringerBriefs in Mathematics, 85–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27230-2_5.

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Liu, Wei, Yang Xue und Pan Liu. „SHARP: SMART HDD Anomaly Risk Prediction“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 74–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7749-9_8.

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Liang, Yongyu, Jinghua Zheng und Guozheng Yang. „Data Transmission Using HDD as Microphone“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 416–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7981-3_30.

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Yasuhira, Toshinobu, Kazuhiro Nishimura und Tomofumi Koida. „Rescuing Digital Data from Submerged HDD“. In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 226–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35515-8_19.

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Ganesh, I. Gokul, A. Selva Sugan, S. Hariharan, M. P. Ramkumar, M. Mahalakshmi und G. S. R. Emil Selvan. „HDD Failure Detection using Machine Learning“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 721–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0047-3_61.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "HDDG"

Zhou, Shiying, Minghui Zheng, Xu Chen und Masayoshi Tomizuka. „Control of Dual-Stage HDDs With Enhanced Repetitive Disturbance Rejection“. In ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems collocated with the ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2017-5432.

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Nowadays, despite the emerging adoption of the solid state drives, hard disk drives (HDDs) are still used extensively as cost-effective and reliable solutions for data storage. In addition to its usual application in desktops and laptops, HDDs become the primary storage medium for the data centers. The track following control task in HDD requires that the read/write head be positioned over the data track center at nano-scale accuracy, which requires an error tolerance about 7nm. Therefore, the dual-stage HDD is introduced to enhance the HDD control performance for extended bandwidth and improved disturbance rejection.

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Zeid, Ibrahim, Sagar Kamarthi und Yogesh Bagul. „Investigation of Degradation Signature for Hard Disk Drives Using Vibration and Acoustic Emission Sensors“. In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87651.

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The hard disk drive (HDD) is a critical component of any computer system. The performance of a computer system largely depends on the performance and health of its HDD. This paper investigates degradation signatures for the estimation of remaining useful life and the assessment of health of a HDD. Most of the mechanical faults in a HDD results in head-disk collision or friction. As a HDD ages, it may experience gradual damage to the head and scratches on the disk. One can expect that changes in the condition of head and disk may result in comparable changes in the characteristics of HDD vibration and acoustic emission signals. Based on this premise, this research conducted experiments on HDDs subject to accelerated deterioration. HDDs are monitored through vibration and acoustic emission sensors. Extracting features from these sensor signals, HDD degradation signatures are created. The results indicate that though degradation signatures exhibit a gradual trend with HDD aging, accurate assessment remaining useful life and health are not possible using these degradation signatures. Poor signal to noise ratio is the main impediment in this approach. The conclusion is that the best vibration and acoustic sensors available for this application are neither sensitive nor selective enough to capture the changes in the head and the disk of an aging HDD.

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Tani, Hiroshi, Jun Tomita, Shinji Koganezawa und N. Tagawa. „Effect of Vapor Lubrication on Head–Disk Clearance and Slider Wear in Inert Gas Environments“. In ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2014-6931.

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The application of dynamic flying height (DFH) control technology to hard disk drives (HDDs) reduces the clearance of the magnetic heads above the disk surface to a few nanometers. Further, such a small clearance distance sometimes causes wear of the diamond like carbon (DLC) overcoat on the slider surface at the head–disk interface (HDI) owing to contact with the disk surface. The wear mechanisms of the DLC overcoat are considered to be either mechanical wear or tribochemical wear (oxidation of carbon) [1]. Recently, a helium-filled HDD was developed to improve the storage capacity and power consumption of HDDs. In the helium-filled HDD, tribochemical wear does not occur because there is no oxygen in the HDD. In addition, there is no humidity (water vapor), which was found to affect wear at the HDI [2]. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of humidity and an oxygen-free inert gas environment on slider wear.

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Yu, Shengkai, Jianqiang Mou, Wei Hua, Weidong Zhou und Chye Chin Tan. „Operational Shock Response of Ultrathin Hard Disk Drives“. In ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2014-6962.

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Operational shock is one of key challenges for designing the ultrathin mobile hard disk drives (HDDs) due to the reduced thickness of mechanical components and their stiffness. Some simplifications in the conventional methods for operational shock simulation are not valid. In this paper, a method for system level modelling and simulation of operational shock response of HDDs has been proposed by coupling the structural finite element model of the HDD and the air bearing model. The dynamic shock response of the head-disk system in a 5 mm ultrathin HDD design is investigated. The effects of drive base stiffness, disk-ramp contact, disk spinning and disk distortion have been studied. The results reveal that the drive base deformation and ramp contact are critical for the operational shock resistance performance of ultrathin drives.

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Kearns, Patrick A., und Moncef Krarti. „Residential Energy Analysis: Regression Analysis of Heating Degree Days With Temperature Setback for Selected ASHRAE Climate Zones“. In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54738.

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Heating Degree Days (HDDs), calculated from hourly weather data, are often used to estimate energy savings for a variety of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) to be applied to conditioned spaces in buildings. More specifically, application of HDDs is useful for estimating savings from weather-dependent EEMs. For first order estimation, it is often problematic to calculate HDDs for a given base temperature, when temperature setbacks are used in the conditioned spaces. This paper provides a set of correlations to characterize HDDs for selected ASHRAE Climate Zones as functions of three key parameters including the base temperature, setback temperature level (delta-T), and setback duration. In addition to the well-documented pattern of decreasing HDDs for decreasing base temperature, it was also shown that HDDs are inversely proportional to both setback duration and temperature setback differential levels. In the analysis presented in this paper, corrections to estimate HDDs when temperature setbacks are used for typical residential space heating schedules during unoccupied periods which occurred from 8 am to 5 pm Monday through Friday. In particular, regression correlations using two- and three-parameter models have been developed to estimate HDDs for multiple US locations that account for the impact of temperature setbacks on the heating requirements of residential buildings. For the two-parameter model, the input variables for the regression correlations are setback hours and delta T; for the three-parameter model, the input variables for the correlations include setback hours, delta T, and base temperature. The prediction accuracy for the energy savings, due to a set of EEMs, obtained from the HDD method —using the developed correlations— is tested against whole-building detailed energy simulation analysis for two single family homes. Detailed energy audits including utility data analysis have been carried out for both homes to calibrate the detailed simulation model and evaluate the effectiveness of the EEMs in reducing building energy use. The results from the detailed simulation analysis are then compared to those obtained from the HDD with temperature setbacks.

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Sun, Liting, Xu Chen und Masayoshi Tomizuka. „Adaptive Suppression of High-Frequency Wide-Spectrum Vibrations With Application to Disk Drive Systems“. In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6030.

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In the big-data era, requirements for storage capacity and access speed in modern Hard Disk Drive (HDD) systems are becoming more and more stringent. As the track density of HDDs increases, vibration suppression of the recording arm in HDDs is becoming more challenging. Vibrations in modern HDDs are environment/product-dependent with different frequency characteristics. Furthermore, they can occur at very high frequencies with wide spectral peaks. This paper presents an adaptive algorithm to identify and suppress these high-frequency wide-spectrum vibrations. We design a vibration-compensation controller based on an adaptive disturbance observer (DOB), and devise parameter adaptation algorithms not only for the vibration frequencies but also for the spectral peak widths of the vibration. The peak-width parameters are adaptively tuned online to maximally attenuate the vibration with minimal error amplifications at other frequencies. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulations of HDDs for the problem of suppressing high-frequency wide-spectrum vibrations.

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Kumare Gopalakrishnan, Praveen, und Sara Behdad. „Usage of Product Lifecycle Data to Detect Hard Disk Drives Failure Factors“. In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67973.

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Data collected during product lifecycle phases ranging from the beginning of Life (BOL), to the middle of life (MOL) and the end of Life (EOL) assist designers to make informed decisions in various operational and strategic levels. The specific focus of this paper is to show that the data collected during the usage phase of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) can be used to identify the failure rates of HDDs. Two sources of data were applied: quantitative data extracted from Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) software, and qualitative data collected from consumer reviews. The data were analyzed to predict the most reliable HDDS available in the market. Some of the important factors to be considered during manufacturing of an HDD are suggested based on the results obtained.

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Zheng, Minghui, Shiying Zhou und Masayoshi Tomizuka. „Identification of Resonance Frequencies in Dual-Stage Hard Disk Drives: A Practical Strategy“. In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5096.

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In hard disk drives (HDDs), there exist multiple mechanical resonances whose central frequencies may shift due to the change of environmental conditions such as the temperature. Such slowly varying resonance frequencies, if not handled properly, may degrade the positioning accuracy and even result in the instability of the closed-loop HDD system. Therefore, it is important to identify these resonance frequencies efficiently without interrupting the reading/writing process in HDDs. One main challenge of the frequency identification in a dual-stage HDD lies in the fact that it is a double-input-single-output (DISO) system. The outputs of the voice coil motor (VCM) and the piezoelectric microactuator (PZT) are coupled together. This paper proposes a practical strategy to identify the resonance frequencies in both the VCM and the PZT without disabling the PZT control process. Bandpass filters are utilized to separate the overall position error signal (PES) into several frequency segments based on priorly-known frequency range for each resonance. Two standard parameter adaptation algorithms are studied and discussed. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of proposed identification strategy.

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Huang, Lidu, Chiao-ping Roger Ku, Jean O’Young und Toshiki Hirano. „System Dynamics and Disk Drive Head Position Error Prediction in a Data Storage Box“. In ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2014-6976.

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Disk drives are packed at ever dense arrangement in a modern data storage system, internal and external mechanical disturbances can have a great effect to disk drive’s read and write performances. The VCM torque generated during seeking affects its own as well as neighboring drives head position. In this study, we modeled a storage box with multiple HDDs installed to obtain mechanical system transfer function. The mechanical excitation is characterized by VCM torque, and HDD operational vibration behaviors on linear and rotational shakers are measured. A system level hybrid method predicting HDD head position error in a data storage box is described, and both analytical and measured results will be presented.

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Praciano, Francisco D. B. S., Joaquim Filipe L. De Sousa und Javam C. Machado. „Uma Análise Experimental da Utilização de Diferentes Tecnologias de Armazenamento em um SGBD Relacional“. In XXXIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd.2019.8833.

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Os Sistemas Gerenciadores de Banco de Dados (SGBD) tradicionais são construídos com a premissa de que os dados estão armazenados em discos rígidos (HDD). Recentemente, surgiram várias alternativas aos HDDs, tais como as unidades de estado sólido (SSD), as memórias não voláteis (NVM) e as novas memórias principais (DRAM). As diferentes características desses dispositivos podem impactar no desempenho dos SGBDs. Neste trabalho, nos propomos a analisar um SGBD que armazena seus dados de quatro formas distintas, em HDD, SSD NVM, DRAM e de forma híbrida, utilizando os três dispositivos em conjunto. Para isso, usamos a carga de trabalho TPC-C e discutimos os motivos que dão origem aos resultados obtidos para cada tipo de armazenamento.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "HDDG"

Hashash, Youssef, Omar Baltaji, Guangchao Xing und Yongxi Liang. Development of Guidelines for Implementation of Horizontal Directional Drilling. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-027.

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While the fundamentals of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology are well known, the implementation of HDD involves utilizing a vast range of equipment and installation procedures. This project developed HDD guidance documents to provide the Illinois Department of Transportation with metrics to evaluate a proposed HDD installation. This report compiled information collected during this project, including a literature review, HDD case histories observation, and an industry survey. Four main guidance documents, including the proposed HDD Guidelines, HDD Guidance Specifications, Permit Submittal Checklist, and Inspector Checklist, are the main products developed from the project.

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Puckett. PR-277-103700-R01 Guidelines for Preventing Underground Facility Damage as a Result of HDD. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010450.

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Despite the advances that have been made in the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) industry over the past 40 years, damage to existing underground facilities as a result of HDD operations remains a serious concern. HDD poses a unique risk of damage to underground facilities due to the fact that obstructions along the drilled path are seldom evident during construction. HDD operations also have the potential to cause damage even when a seemingly adequate separation distance is maintained between the drilled path and existing facilities. As a result of these issues, damage prevention practices in the HDD industry are becoming increasingly important as facility corridors become more congested. In order to effectively reduce the potential for facility damage resulting from HDD operations, it�s important for those involved in HDD design and construction to understand why facility damage can occur and how it can be prevented. The objective of this report is to present guidelines that will both reduce the potential for damage to existing facilities during HDD operations and improve the accuracy with which the location of completed HDD installations is documented.

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Iseley, D. T., und D. H. Cowling. L51697 Obstacle Detection to Facilitate Horizontal Directional Drilling. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010134.

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The horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technique is specially suited for pipeline crossings of waterways, beaches, roads, vulnerable natural regions, railroads and airports. The HDD method is a two-stage process consisting of navigating a drill stem underground along a predetermined design route and the pulling back of the product pipe through the prepared hole. One of the major problems faced in HDD projects is subsurface exploration and locating of existing underground obstacles. HDD equipment must avoid these obstacles if at all possible. This study was conducted to: 1. Determine the state-of-the-art for obstacle detection in horizontal directional drilling technology. 2. Examine all possible techniques for obstacle detection. 3. Evaluate the most promising and suitable techniques for further development. 4. Determine further work necessary to reach a 100-foot (30 m) target. 5. Make recommendations for HDD contractors.

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Author, Unknown. L52287 Pre-Construction Drillability Assessment for Horizontal Directional Drilling in Rock. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011760.

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Construction contractors often claim extra compensation associated with horizontally directionally drilled (HDD) pipeline installations is needed when drilling in rock. These claims result from HDD contractors' allegations that rock properties experienced during construction are significantly different from the properties on which the contractors' bids were based. This report provides information and recommendations that improve exploration and testing methods for assessing the drillability of rock to be encountered on HDD pipeline installations. These improvements will lead to a better understanding of rock drillability which will in turn lead to more accurate bid prices and more effective drilling plans. Pipeline installation costs will be reduced by reducing claims for extra work, improving contractor efficiency, and decreasing risk associated with HDD installations in rock. This report also addresses contractual considerations and alternate dispute resolution.

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Hair. L51725 Drilling Fluids in Pipeline Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling-Practical Applications. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Oktober 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010163.

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Drilling fluid plays a key role in the installation of a pipeline by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and accounts for the majority of the associated environmental impact. An improper drilling fluid program can result in stuck pipe. Uncontrolled discharge of drilling fluid downhole can damage or undermine adjacent structures.The cost of drilling fluid involved with pipeline installation, particularly when disposal costs are considered, can be substantial. This manual is the principal product of PRC project PR-227-9321. Its purpose is to increase the level of technical sophistication relative to drilling fluids used in the installation of pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). It is anticipated that this increase will benefit the natural gas industry through reductions in HDD installation costs and environmental impact. The manual contains six sections which address the following general topics: 1 . The HDD installation process, the specific functions of drilling fluids in pipeline installation by HDD, and the composition of drilling fluids; 2. Characteristics of drilling fluid flow, pertinent properties of drilling fluids, and calculation methods relative to drilling fluid flow circuits; 3. Standard classification of soil and rock structures and soil and rock properties relative to drilling fluid flow; 4. The behavior of soil and rock structures relative to drilling fluid flow, general drilling fluid criteria, and general solutions to drilling problems; 5. Methods for estimating drilling fluid quantities, methods for disposing of excess drilling fluids, the environmental impact of drilling fluids used in HDD, and construction specifications relative to drilling fluids; and 6. Materials used drilling fluids.

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Marlow, Thomas, Laurie Perry (Archived) und Carrie Greaney. PR-000-18COMP-R05 Horizontal Directional Drilling Compendium. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011550.

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The PRCI Technical Committees have carried many research projects related to the subject of horizontal directional drilling (HDD). This report; therefore, presents a summary of past PRCI-funded studies in the area of HDD. Since studies sponsored by other industry groups (e.g., INGAA, EPRG, APIA, CEPA, etc.) or by individual pipeline companies are not included, this report does not represent a review of the topic in the broader industry-wide sense. Instead, it is designed to provide a guide to past work so that current TC members can identify and locate project reports that might be of use in addressing their current day-to-day HDD issues.

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Hair, John. PR-277-144507-Z01 Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010542.

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This report is an updated version of the original engineering design guide published in 1995 by the Pipeline Research Committee (PRC) of the American Gas Association. As with the original document, it is intended to serve as a step by step guide for engineers engaged in the evaluation, design, and management of natural gas pipeline construction by horizontal directional drilling (HDD). Topics covered include a description of the HDD process, technical feasibility and cost considerations, surface and subsurface site investigations, drilled path design, steel pipe installation and operating stress analysis, environmental impact, construction contracts, and construction monitoring. The design guide includes two Microsoft Excel workbooks for use in analyzing HDD installation loads and stresses on steel pipe.

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Gummow, Bob, Sorin Segall und Daniel Fingas. PR-444-143603-R01 Monitoring Cathodic Protection Effectiveness at Trenchless Crossings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011517.

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Reviews the current installation and monitoring practices used in the pipeline industry for minimizing coating damage and for determining the effectiveness of cathodic protection at HDD crossings. A research plan was developed that included six tasks to address the project objectives. In general, it was intended to coordinate field testing at an actual HDD crossing site, by using the local deep and shallow groundbeds and installing multiple coupons at various depths.

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Segall, Sorin, Bob Gummow, Daniel Fingas und Mohammad Zahraee. PR-444-133602-R01 Assessing the Integrity of Coating Systems on Pipelines in Trenchless Crossings. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010882.

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Maintaining coating integrity is critical to the overall integrity of the pipeline. The objective of this research effort is to re-evaluate the various methods of assessing coating quality of pipelines installed using horizontal directional drilling (HDD), to recommend the most reliable and cost effective state-of-the-art methods, and to develop a set of acceptable pass/fail criteria, in concert with HDD contractors, that could be embedded into standards or specifications.

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Olivares, Nicole. Accuracy of Wave Speeds Computed from the DPG and HDG Methods for Electromagnetic and Acoustic Waves. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2916.

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