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Thematische Bibliographien / Hazardous wastes Biodegradation

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Hazardous wastes Biodegradation“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 28. Januar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

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Aust, S. D., A. Bourquin, J. C. Loper, J. P. Salanitro, W. A. Suk und J. Tiedje. „Biodegradation of hazardous wastes.“ Environmental Health Perspectives 102, suppl 1 (Januar 1994): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s1245.

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2

GRADY, C. P. LESLIE. „Biodegradation of Hazardous Wastes by Conventional Biological Treatment“. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 3, Nr. 4 (Januar 1986): 333–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hwm.1986.3.333.

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3

Nair, Amrita, Nandini Rajendhiran, R. Varsha, Biljo V. Joseph und V. L. Vasantha. „Bacterial decolourization of azo dyes“. Mapana - Journal of Sciences 16, Nr. 4 (01.10.2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.43.1.

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Release of textile effluent into the environment is a matter of health concern. Dyes and pigments that are part of textile effluent generate hazardous wastes which are generally inorganic or organic contaminants. Among the present pollution control strategies, biodegradation of synthetic dyes by microbes is evolving as a promising approach, even more than physico-chemical methods. While both mixed cultures and pure cultures have been used to achieve efficient biodegradation, no conclusive result has been determined. This paper aims at checking the efficiency of mixed culture of sewage and pure isolates in degradation of azo dyes, both simple dyes like methyl red and methyl orange and a more complex dye like Janus green.

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Marks, R. E., S. D. Field, A. K. Wojtanowicz und G. A. Britenbeck. „Biological Treatment of Petrochemical Wastes for Removal of Hazardous Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Constituents“. Water Science and Technology 25, Nr. 3 (01.02.1992): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0095.

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Biodegradation of recalcitrant petrochemical sludges was carried out in sealed continuous tank stirred reactors (CSTR's). The specific sludge used in the research contained eight polynuclear aromatics (PNA's) cited by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as hazardous wastes. Benzo(a)pyrene {B(a)P} was selected in this research as the primary target contaminant due to its strong carcinogenic nature and low allowable release concentrations in sludges. Equilibrium conditions in the strongly stirred aerobic 1 litre reactors, were confirmed by daily monitoring of key control parameters which included: sludge oil & solids mass balances, B(a)P mass balances, pH, culture plating, carbon dioxide respiration, and biomass accumulation. B(a)P loadings varied from 285 mg/kg of dry feed solids to 3475 mg/kg and 10 out of 13 reactors produced solid wastes meeting the 1990 USEPA constituent concentration limit (CCL) for B(a)P of 12 mg/kg for allowable land disposal. Anionic surfactants - Triton N-101, Triton X-100 - were added to all petrochemical sludges augmented with B(a)P at mass concentrations of 1600 mg/kg and higher. All sampling and analytical protocols followed USEPA methodologies. Mass balance removals of B(a)P and other similar aromatic hydrocarbons were found to exceed 90 percent. It is concluded that the high removals of B (a) P demonstrated in aerobic bioremediations in high solids environments, will generate better engineered and more economical commercial waste minimization applications.

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Herlina, H., Muhammad Ali Zulfikar und B. Buchari. „Cyclic voltammetry in electrochemical oxidation of amoxicillin with Co(III) as mediator in acidic medium using Pt, Pt/Co and Pt/Co(OH)2 electrodes“. MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819705004.

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Amoxicillin is one of penicillin antibiotic groups with active β-lactam which the presence in surface water and wastes not only affects water quality but also causes long-term adverse effects on ecosystems and human health due to their resistance to natural biodegradation. The processing of organic waste electrochemically has the advantages of cheap and efficient cost, waste gas that does not contain toxic and hazardous materials. Have been studied the process of amoxicillin electro-oxidation mediated by a cobalt (III) in a cyclic voltammetry study using a platinum, Pt/Co(OH)2 and Pt/Co as working electrodes in acidic medium HNO3 and H2SO4 as supporting electrolytes solution. The voltammogram of Pt, Pt/Co and Pt/Co(OH)2 electrodes showed that higher current was found in medium of HNO3 0.1 M and it can be used to oxidize the amoxicillin wastes, the two anodic and cathodic peaks can be observed at potential of 200-800 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). The presence of cobalt (III) ions in the system caused the decrease of oxidation current, indicated the presence of degradation to amoxicillin.

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Deloya-Martínez, Alma. „Treatment of cyanide wastes through bioremediation“. Revista Tecnología en Marcha 29, Nr. 5 (06.04.2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v29i5.2515.

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<p class="p1">This document presents results of research in which an autochthonous consortium of cyanide-degrading microorganisms was developed for use in the biological treatment of hazardous cyanide waste. </p><p class="p1">These autochthonous microorganisms were lyophilized (freeze dried) in different protective media, such as gelatin and lactose broth, at different temperatures (-35,-45,-55 and -65 <span class="s1">o</span>C). </p><p class="p1">The preliminary treatment of cyanide wastes involved pretreatment of sludge for 3-5 days to leach the waste, and a subsequent treatment in aerated lagoons, where the consortium of lyophilized microorganisms was applied. </p><p class="p1">Eight different lyophilized samples were obtained at different temperatures using two protective media for lyophilization, which produced excellent results six months after lyophilization. </p><p class="p1">The consortium of lyophilized microorganisms showed 70% to 80% viability, with cyanide extraction percentages higher than 95%, and can be kept active for long periods of time (for years). </p><p class="p1">Lyophilized microorganisms can be used for biodegradation of cyanide wastes from gold mines or from any other cyanide waste such as that from metallic electroplating baths, or from the jewelry manufacturing industry. </p>

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Norton, W. N., G. Howard und R. Blake. „Ultrastructural analysis of the physical interactions that occur between Baccillus SP. and polyurethane during biodegradation“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (13.08.1995): 878–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140762.

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The scientific community is confronted with a number of significant environmental issues, including the dilemma of how to maintain, safely and effectively, the enormous quantity of organic and inorganic hazardous wastes that are produced in the U.S. alone. Substantial interest in the concept of bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to accelerate the degradation of environmental contaminants, has been generated during the past decade. Bacillus sp., has demonstrated an ability to degrade water dispersible polyurethane, a molecule normally exceedingly difficult for microbial organisms to metabolize. The primary objective of this investigation is to obtain basic ultrastructural information on the physical nature of polyurethane biodegradation conducted by Bacillus.A bacterial suspension of l×l09 cells was placed in one liter of a stock solution of polyurethane (3mg polyurethane/L distilled water). A comparable number of cells was maintained in 1 L of growth media and served as a control. At 2, 8, and 24 h subsequent to the initial exposure, samples were obtained from the experimental and control flasks and processed for phase-contrast microscopy, TEM and SEM.

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Zhuravlyova, N. V., R. R. Potokina und Z. R. Ismagilov. „Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Wastes and Sewage Water from Mining Industry by Chromato-Mass Spectrometry“. Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, Nr. 4 (03.11.2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj236.

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A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in geoenvironmental subjects by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection was proposed. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in wastes and sewage water samples from mining plants was studied. The presence of this compound in surface water was established. Other nitrogen-containing compounds, in particular, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and<br />2,4,-dinitrotoluene, were also identified in the studied samples.<br />The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most important shattering explosive used for blasting out. This compound is highly toxic and stable to biodegradation. The TNT belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous); its maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in drinking water sources was strongly restricted, from 0.5 to 0.01 mg/L. A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in surface water, sewage water and wastes by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection has been developed. The TNT calibration curve was shown to be linear over the concentration range of 1.6-160 μg/mL, and the correlation factor of the line was equal to 0.997. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in sewage water and wastes from mining plants has been studied. Mine water in the case of underground mining has high TNT concentrations, which cannot be decreased by the existing traditional methods of sewage water treatment. TNT is detected also in surface water after mine water disposal. Note that the TNT concentrations can exceed many times the maximum permissible concentrations prescribed for water works system.<br />2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,-dinitrotoluene, which can be considered as products of TNT metabolism, were also identified in the studied samples. The developed method and results of the present study make it possible to introduce the quantitative<br />determination of TNT and its metabolites into the programs for monitoring of surface water, sewage water and wastes in the mining plant sites in different countries as well in Russia, namely in Kuzbass.

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Asim, Noreen, Mahreen Hassan, Farheen Shafique, Maham Ali, Hina Nayab, Nuzhat Shafi, Sundus Khawaja und Sadaf Manzoor. „Characterizations of novel pesticide-degrading bacterial strains from industrial wastes found in the industrial cities of Pakistan and their biodegradation potential“. PeerJ 9 (05.10.2021): e12211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12211.

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Background Lack of infrastructure for disposal of effluents in industries leads to severe pollution of natural resources in developing countries. These pollutants accompanied by solid waste are equally hazardous to biological growth. Natural attenuation of these pollutants was evidenced that involved degradation by native microbial communities. The current study encompasses the isolation of pesticide-degrading bacteria from the vicinity of pesticide manufacturing industries. Methods The isolation and identification of biodegrading microbes was done. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate the selected pesticide-degrading bacteria from industrial waste. Results Around 20 different strains were isolated, among which six isolates showed significant pesticide biodegrading activity. After 16S rRNA analysis, two isolated bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii (5B) and Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans, and the remaining four were identified as different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1A, 2B, 3C, 4D). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their evolution from a common ancestor. All strains showed distinctive degradation ability up to 36 hours. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 1A and 4D showed highest degradation percentage of about 80% for DDT, and P. aeruginosa strain 3C showed highest degradation percentage, i.e., 78% for aldrin whilst in the case of malathion, A. baumannii and A. ferroxidans have shown considerable degradation percentages of 53% and 54%, respectively. Overall, the degradation trend showed that all the selected strains can utilize the given pesticides as sole carbon energy sources even at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion This study provided strong evidence for utilizing these strains to remove persistent residual pesticide; thus, it gives potential for soil treatment and restoration.

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Asim, Noreen, Mahreen Hassan, Farheen Shafique, Maham Ali, Hina Nayab, Nuzhat Shafi, Sundus Khawaja und Sadaf Manzoor. „Characterizations of novel pesticide-degrading bacterial strains from industrial wastes found in the industrial cities of Pakistan and their biodegradation potential“. PeerJ 9 (05.10.2021): e12211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12211.

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Background Lack of infrastructure for disposal of effluents in industries leads to severe pollution of natural resources in developing countries. These pollutants accompanied by solid waste are equally hazardous to biological growth. Natural attenuation of these pollutants was evidenced that involved degradation by native microbial communities. The current study encompasses the isolation of pesticide-degrading bacteria from the vicinity of pesticide manufacturing industries. Methods The isolation and identification of biodegrading microbes was done. An enrichment culture technique was used to isolate the selected pesticide-degrading bacteria from industrial waste. Results Around 20 different strains were isolated, among which six isolates showed significant pesticide biodegrading activity. After 16S rRNA analysis, two isolated bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii (5B) and Acidothiobacillus ferroxidans, and the remaining four were identified as different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1A, 2B, 3C, 4D). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their evolution from a common ancestor. All strains showed distinctive degradation ability up to 36 hours. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains 1A and 4D showed highest degradation percentage of about 80% for DDT, and P. aeruginosa strain 3C showed highest degradation percentage, i.e., 78% for aldrin whilst in the case of malathion, A. baumannii and A. ferroxidans have shown considerable degradation percentages of 53% and 54%, respectively. Overall, the degradation trend showed that all the selected strains can utilize the given pesticides as sole carbon energy sources even at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. Conclusion This study provided strong evidence for utilizing these strains to remove persistent residual pesticide; thus, it gives potential for soil treatment and restoration.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

1

Booker, Randall Sulter Jr. „Microbial reductive dechlorination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20921.

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Husserl, Johana. „Biodegradation of nitroglycerin as a growth substrate: a basis for natural attenuation and bioremediation“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42708.

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Nitroglycerin (NG) is a toxic explosive commonly found in soil and contaminated groundwater at old manufacturing plants and military ranges. When NG enters an aquifer, it behaves as a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Nitroglycerin is an impact sensitive explosive and therefore excavating the area to remove or treat the contaminant can be dangerous. In situ bioremediation and natural attenuation of NG have been proposed as remediation alternatives and it is therefore necessary to understand the degradation mechanisms of NG in contaminated soil and groundwater and investigate the potential for using bioremediation at contaminated sites. Many bacteria have been isolated for the ability to transform NG as a source of nitrogen, but no isolates have used NG as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. We isolated Arthrobacter JBH1 from NG contaminated soil by selective enrichment with NG as the sole growth substrate. The degradation pathway involves a sequential denitration to 1,2-dinitroglycerin (DNG) and 1-mononitroglycerin (MNG) with simultaneous release of nitrite. Flavoproteins of the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family capable of removing the first and second nitro groups from NG have been studied in the past and we identified an OYE homolog in JBH1 capable of selectively producing the 1 MNG intermediate. To our knowledge, there is no previous report on enzymes capable transforming MNG. Here we show evidence that a glycerol kinase homolog in JBH1 is capable of transforming 1 MNG into 1-nitro-3-phosphoglycerol, which could be later introduced into a widespread pathway, where the last nitro group is removed. Overall, NG is converted to CO2 and biomass and some of the nitrite released during denitration is incorporated into biomass as well. As a result, NG can be now considered a growth substrate, which changes the potential to bioremediate NG contaminated sites. The magnitude of the effect of biodegradation processes in the fate of NG in porous systems was unknown, and we have been able to quantify these effects, determine degradation rates, and have evidence that bioaugmentation with Arthrobacter sp. strain JBH1 could result in complete mineralization in contaminated soil and sediments contaminated with NG, without the addition of other carbon sources. Site specific conditions have the potential to affect NG degradation rates in situ. Experiments were conducted to investigate NG degradation at various pH values and NG concentrations, and the effects of common co-contaminants on NG degradation rates. Arthrobacter JBH1 was capable of growing on NG at pH values as low as 5.1 and NG concentrations as high as 1.2 mM. The presence of explosive co-contaminants at the site such as trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene lowered NG degradation rates, and could potentially result in NG recalcitrance. Collectively, these results provide the basis for NG bioremediation and natural attenuation at sites contaminated with NG without the addition of other sources of carbon. Nonetheless, careful attention should be paid to site-specific conditions that can affect degradation rates.

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Kantachote, Duangporn. „The use of microbial inoculants to enhance DDT degradation in contaminated soil“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk165.pdf.

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Jouen, Thomas. „Caractérisation de l'évolution de l'état de biodégradation des massifs de déchets non dangereux en post-exploitation : Application de méthodes géophysiques“. Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0010/document.

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Le stockage est la méthode de traitement des déchets non dangereux la plus communément utilisée dans le monde entier car elle est un moyen simple et économique pour leur élimination. Malgré une volonté nationale et européenne pour réduire le stockage de déchets biodégradables, une quantité non négligeable est encore enfouie entrainant la mise en place de modes de gestion spécifique. Autrefois exploitées comme de simples fosses de remplissage, les installations de stockage de déchets non dangereux (ISDND) sont aujourd’hui des ouvrages complexes dont l’objectif est de réduire l’impact environnemental et de valoriser énergétiquement le biogaz produit par la biodégradation de la matière organique. Afin d’accélérer les processus de biodégradation un casier de déchets peut être exploité en mode bioréacteur en réinjectant des lixiviats pour augmenter la teneur en eau des déchets. Le défi des années 2000 était de dimensionner et valider les systèmes de réinjection de lixiviat pour garantir une distribution optimale de la teneur en eau dans les massifs de déchets. Aujourd’hui, la question est de de suivre l’évolution de la biodégradation en tous points d’un massif pour notamment comprendre l’effet de ce mode de gestion. Les méthodes géophysiques en plus d’être non-destructives et spatialisantes sont utilisées depuis des années sur les ISDND et pourraient être sensibles à l’évolution de la biodégradation d’un massif de déchets, comme cela a été démontré pour la biodégradation d’autres milieux. Ainsi la problématique de cette thèse est d’évaluer la capacité de certaines méthodes géophysiques pour suivre l’évolution des paramètres bio-physico-chimiques d’un massif de déchets au cours de sa biodégradation. Un premier travail bibliographique a permis d’identifier quatre méthodes électriques parmi les méthodes géophysiques disponibles pour répondre à cette question :• La résistivité électrique• Le potentiel spontané• La polarisation provoquée• La polarisation provoquée spectraleAprès cet état de l’art, le travail de thèse a été séparé en trois parties. La première a été consacrée à la mise en place du suivi de ces quatre méthodes à l’échelle du laboratoire dans des conditions contrôlées, la seconde à analyser le suivi géophysique long terme sur le site industriel de la SAS Les Champs Jouault et la dernière a évaluée les observations à ces deux échelles. Enfin, la conclusion présente le potentiel de la méthode de mesure du potentiel provoquée comme la plus pertinente pour suivre l’évolution de la biodégradation d’un déchet non dangereux au cours du temps et aborde son utilisation dans un cadre industriel
Storage is the most commonly used waste treatment method in the world because it is a simple and economical way to dispose of solid waste. Despite a national and European desire to reduce the storage of biodegradable waste, a significant amount is still buried, leading to the implementation of specific management methods. Formerly exploited as mere filling pits, MSWL are today complex structures whose objective is to reduce the environmental impact and energetically valorize the biogas produced by the biodegradation of organic matter. In order to accelerate biodegradation processes, a waste cell can be operated in bioreactor mode by reinjecting leachates to increase the water content of the waste. The challenge of the 2000s was to size and validate leachate re-injection systems to ensure optimal distribution of water content in the waste mass. Today, the question is to monitor evolution of the biodegradation in all points of a waste mass in particular to understand the effect of this management mode. Geophysical methods in addition to being non-destructive and spatializing have been used for years on MSWLs and could be sensitive to the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation, as has been demonstrated for the biodegradation of others environments. Thus the problematic of this thesis is to evaluate the capacity of certain geophysical methods to monitor the evolution of the bio-physicochemical parameters of a waste mass during its biodegradation. A first bibliographic work identified four electrical methods among the geophysical methods available to answer this question:• Electrical resistivity• Self potential• Time domain induced polarization• Spectral induced polarizationAfter this state of the art, the thesis work was separated into three parts. The first one was devoted to the implementation of the monitoring of these four methods at the laboratory scale under controlled conditions, the second to analyze the long-term geophysical monitoring at the industrial site of SAS Les Champs Jouault and the last one to evaluate the observations at these two scales. Finally, the conclusion presents the potential of time domain induced polarization method as the most relevant to monitor the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation over time and discusses its use in an industrial setting

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Staub, Matthias. „Approche multi-échelle du comportement bio-mécanique d'un déchet non dangereux“. Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU025.

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Cette thèse porte sur une étude de l'évolution biomécanique de déchets non dangereux selon différentes conditions de prétraitement et d'opération à différentes échelles. Après une introduction aux enjeux et aux données majeures concernant la gestion des déchets, leur stockage et les évolutions en cours (Chapitre I), la caractérisation du milieu déchet est abordée (Chapitre II). Ce milieu, triphasique et donc généralement non saturé en eau, nécessite une étude et des moyens d'investigation particuliers. De nombreuses études antérieures ont démontré la nécessité d'études couplées dédiées aux déchets. Pour ce faire, il est également nécessaire d'adapter un certain nombre de méthodes métrologiques aux déchets (Chapitre III). Ainsi, des méthodes de métrologie spécifique (humidité, masse volumique. . . ) sont étudiées et validées pour leur application à ce milieu, de l'échelle du laboratoire jusqu'à celle du site. Une plateforme d'essai constituée de quatre pilotes semi-industriels conçus avec Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation a été utilisé au LTHE pour une étude biomécanique à une échelle suffisante et en conditions très proches de celles rencontrées sur site (compression, température, humidité. . . ) (Chapitre IV). Les résultats obtenus permettent de caractériser la biodégradation en termes de suivis et de bilans, ainsi que d'en identifier les leviers principaux en fonction des conditions de prétraitement et d'opération. Enfin, une exploitation de ces résultats ainsi que d'autres résultats à l'échelle du laboratoire et du site ont permis de démontrer le couplage biomécanique et de proposer un modèle du tassement des déchets (Chapitre V)
This research addresses the biomechanical evolution of municipal solid waste subject to different pretreatment and operational conditions at different scales. After an introduction to the major stakes and figures related to waste management, waste landfilling and its evolution (Chapter I), the characterization of the waste medium is addressed (Chapter II). This triphasic unsaturated medium requires a dedicated scientific approach as well as specific investigation experiments. Several past investigations have demonstrated the need for specific coupled studies of waste. To do so, it seems also essential to adapt measurement methods (moisture, density. . . ) to the waste medium (Chapter III). Hence, measurement techniques have been studied in detail and validated for their use in this medium at scales ranging from the laboratory to the site. An experimental platform consisting of four pilot cells at a semi-industrial scale, designed with Veolia Environnement Recherche & Innovation, has been used at LTHE to investigate waste biomechanics at a sufficient scale and under site-near conditions (compression, temperature, moisture. . . ) (Chapter IV). The results enable to characterize biodegradation in terms of daily monitoring as well as final budgets, but also to identify the major drivers of biodegradation depending on the pre-treatment and operational conditions. Finally, these results and other laboratory- and site-scale results have been used to demonstrate the biomechanical coupling and to propose a model for waste settlement (Chapter V)

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Lee, Taejin. „In vitro anaerobic trinitrotoluene (TNT) degradation with rumen fluid and an isolate, G.8“. Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35511.

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Keeling, Matthew Thomas. „Bench-scale study for the bioremediation of chlorinated ethylenes at Point Mugu Naval Air Weapons Station, Point Mugu California, IRP Site 24“. Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33320.

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Laboratory scale microcosm studies were conducted using site specific groundwater and aquifer solids to assess the feasibility of stimulating indigenous microorganisms in-situ to biologically transform Trichloroethylene (TCE) and its lesser chlorinated daughter products dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Three different treatments were conducted to determine the best approach for biologically remediating TCE under site specific conditions: anaerobic reductive dechlorination, aerobic cometabolism and sequential anaerobic/aerobic stimulation. Studies were conducted in batch serum bottles containing aquifer solids, groundwater and a gas headspace. Long-term (302 days) TCE anaerobic reductive dechlorination studies compared lactate, benzoate and methanol as potential anaerobic substrates. Site characteristic sulfate concentrations in the microcosms averaged 1,297 mg/L and TCE was added to levels of 2.3 mg/L. Substrates were added at one and a half times the stoichiometric electron equivalent of sulfate. Nutrient addition and bioaugmentation were also studied. Both benzoate and lactate stimulated systems achieved complete sulfate-reduction and prolonged dechlorination of TCE to VC and ethylene. Dechlorination was initiated between 15 to 20 days following lactate utilization and sulfate-reduction in the presence of approximately 300 mg/L sulfate. Benzoate amended microcosms did not initiate dechlorination until 120 to 160 days following the complete removal of available sulfate. After 302 days of incubation lactate and benzoate amended microcosms completely transformed TCE to VC with 7 to 15% converted to ethylene. Re-additions of TCE into both systems resulted in its rapid transformation to VC. The dechlorination of VC to ethylene was very slow and appeared to be dependent on VC concentration. Hydrogen addition at 10�� and 10�� atmospheres had no effect on the transformation of VC. Rapid methanol utilization resulted in its nearly stoichiometric conversion to methane and carbon dioxide without significant sulfate-reduction or dechlorination occurring. Nutrient addition slightly enhanced dehalogenation with lactate but inhibited it with benzoate. Bioaugmentation with a TCE dechlorinating culture from a previous benzoate amended Point Mugu microcosm effectively decreased lag-times and increased overall dechlorination. Aerobic cometabolism studies evaluated methane, phenol and propane as cometabolic growth substrates. Methane and phenol amended microcosms were able to remove only 50 to 60% of the added TCE after four stimulations, while propane utilizers were unable to cometabolize any TCE. Primary substrate utilization lag-times of 4 to 5 days, 0 to 0.5 days and 40 to 45 days were observed for methane, phenol and propane, respectively. Cometabolism of VC was possible in the presence of methane. Complete removal of 210 ��g/L VC was achieved after 2 stimulations with methane under strictly aerobic conditions. Methane utilization and VC oxidation required nitrate addition, indicating that the system was nitrate limited. A sequential anaerobic/aerobic microcosm study failed to achieve methane utilization and VC transformation likely due to oxygen being utilized to re-oxidize reduced sulfate in the system.
Graduation date: 1999

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Chang, Soon Woong. „Cometabolic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic ethers by phenol- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria“. Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33803.

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Cometabolic biodegradation processes are potentially useful for the bioremediation of hazardous waste sites. In this study the potential application of phenol-oxidizing and nitrifying bacteria as "priming biocatalysts" was examined in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl ethers, and aromatic ethers. We observed that a phenol-oxidizing Pseudomonas strain cometabolically degrades a range of 2- and 3-ringed PAHs. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to overcome the competitive effects between two substrates and the SBR was evaluated as a alternative technology to treat mixed contaminants including phenol and PAHs. We also have demonstrated that the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea can cometabolically degrade a wide range polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl ethers and aromatic ethers including naphthalene, acenaphthene, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and anisole. Our results indicated that all the compounds are transformed by N. europaea and that several unusual reactions are involved in these reactions. In the case of naphthalene oxidation, N. europaea generated predominantly 2-naphthol whereas other monooxygenases generate 1-naphthol as the major product. In the case of dibenzofuran oxidation, 3-hydroxydibenzofuran initially accumulated in the reaction medium and was then further transformed to 3-hydroxy nitrodibenzofuran in a pH- and nitrite-dependent abiotic reaction. A similar abiotic transformation reaction also was observed with other hydroxylated aryl ethers and PAHs. We also characterized the role of AMO in the degradation of aromatic ethers. Our results indicated that aromatic ethers including anisole were transformed by both 0-dealkylation or hydroxylation reactions. This research has led to the development of a rapid colorimetric assay to detect AMO activity.
Graduation date: 1998

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Cole, Jason David. „Pentacholorophenol reductive dechlorination and the significance of temperature : development of an interceptor trench technology“. Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36108.

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Snyman, Heidi Gertruida. „The microbiology of ex situ bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil“. Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9152.

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Bioremediation is the process whereby the degradation of organic polluting compounds occurs as a result of biochemical activity of macro- and microorganisms. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be practised in situ or ex situ by either stimulating the indigenous microorganisms (biostimulation) or introducing adapted microorganisms which specifically degrade a contaminant (bioaugmentation). This investigation focused on ex situ remediation processes with special attention to the processes and microbiology of landfarming and thermal bioventing. Landfarming was investigated at pilot-scale and full-scale, and thermal bioventing at laboratory and pilot-scale. This study indicated that pilot-scale bioremediation by landfarming was capable of effecting a total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPHC) reduction of 94% (m1m) from an initial concentration of 320 gkg-I soil to 18 gkg-I soil over a period of 10 weeks. Reactors receiving biosupplements showed greater rates of bioremediation than those receiving nutrients. Promotion of TPHC catabolism by addition of a commercial or a site-specific microbial biosupplement was similar. Seedling experiments proved that bioremediation did not necessarily leave the soil in an optimal condition for plant growth. The full-scale landfarming operation reduced the TPHC concentrations from 5 260 - 23 000 mgkg- I to 820 - 2335 mgkg- I soil over a period of 169 days. At full-scale, the larger fraction of more recalcitrant and weathered petroleums. and the less intensive treatment resulted in a slower rate of TPHC reduction than was found in the pilot-scale study. Three distinct decreases in the TPHC were observed during the full-scale treatment. These presented an ideal opportunity to investigate the microbiology of the soil undergoing treatment. The dominant culturable microorganisms were isolated and identified. The bioremediation process was dominated by Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. The method used to study the population was, however, biased to culturable, fast growing microorganisms which represent a small portion of the total microbial population. For this reason, a method to study the total eubacterial population in situ with rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes was adapted and found to be a valuable technique. Soil microorganisms respiratory activity was investigated at different times in the full-scale treatment. A clear correlation between activity and degradation was recorded. The effect of a supplement. anaerobically digested sludge, was also assessed by this method. Thermal bioventing was investigated as an ex situ in-vessel treatment technology for small volumes of highly contaminated soils. This proved to be a viable technique for the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons at laboratory-scale. Volatilisation contributed to at least 40% of the reduction. Of the two supplements evaluated. dried sludge promoted degradation to a greater extent than chicken manure. The pilot-scale study proved that a chemical contaminant reduction of at least 50% could be achieved in 13 weeks by thermal bioventing. Of the supplemented reactors. the presence of dried sludge and commercial biosupplement etfected the largest contaminant decrease. As a possible supplement to increase the rate of bioremediation. dried anaerobically digested sludge was more effective than chicken manure. A parallel laboratory-scale experiment gave similar results. Gravimetric analyses were found to be conservative indications of the remediation process. The results of this study shed some light on our. still. limited understanding of bioremediation. The gap between the technology in the laboratory and field was narrowed and a better understanding of the soil microbiology was achieved. Due to the limited control of environmental parameters in the case of landfarming. thermal bioventing was investigated and proved to be an effective alternative. The latter technology is novel in Southern Africa.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1996.

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Bücher zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

1

Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes (5th 1992 Chicago, Ill.). Bioremediation of hazardous wastes. Ada, OK: The Agency, 1992.

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Symposium, on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes (5th 1992 Chicago Ill ). Bioremediation of hazardous wastes. Ada, OK: The Agency, 1992.

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3

1963-, Singh Ajay, und Ward Owen P. 1947-, Hrsg. Biodegradation and bioremediation. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Gordon, Lewandowski, und DeFilippi Louis J, Hrsg. Biological treatment of hazardous wastes. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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E, Hinchee Robert, Skeen Rodney S. 1964-, Sayles Gregory D. 1961- und International Symposium on In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation (3rd : 1995 : San Diego, Calif.), Hrsg. Biological unit processes for hazardous waste treatment. Columbus: Battelle Press, 1995.

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Loper, John C. Gene engineering of yeasts for the degradation of hazardous waste. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, 1988.

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Worne, Howard E. Introduction to microbial biotechnology including hazardous waste treatment. Greenbelt, Md: Hazardous Materials Control Resources Institue, 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, Hrsg. Symposium on bioremediation of hazardous wastes: Research, development, and field evaluations : abstracts : ANA Hotel San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, June 28-30-1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1994.

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Bartholmes, P. Schadstoffabbau durch optimierte Mikroorganismen: Gerichtete Evolution, eine Strategie im Umweltschutz. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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1950-, Healy Michael, Wise Donald L. 1937- und Moo-Young Murray, Hrsg. Environmental monitoring and biodiagnostics of hazardous contaminants. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

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Ranjan, Ved Prakash, und Sudha Goel. „Biodegradation of Floral Waste Under Aerobic Conditions with Different Microbial Inocula and Aeration Methods“. In Treatment and Disposal of Solid and Hazardous Wastes, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29643-8_1.

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Philpot, Brigette Y., Ramesh C. Chawla und John P. Tharakan. „Biphenyl Supported Co-Metabolic Biodegradation of PCBs by Comomonas Testosteroni“. In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 434–43. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-58.

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Utgikar, V., R. Govind, Y. Shan, S. Safferman und R. C. Brenner. „Biodegradation of Volatile Organic Chemicals in a Biofilter“. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management II, 233–60. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0468.ch012.

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Narula, Seema, Gordon A. Lewandowski und Christos Christodoulatos. „Rates of Solubilization and Biodegradation of PAHs in the Presence of Non-Ionic Surfactants“. In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 424–33. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-57.

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Reis, Benjamin S., John P. Tharakan und Ramesh C. Chawla. „Investigation of the Use of Terpenes as Cosubstrates in the Cometabolic Biodegradation of PCBs by Comomonas Testosteroni“. In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings, 444–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-59.

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Tabak, Henry H., Rakesh Govind, Chao Gao, Lei Lai, Xuesheng Yan und Steven Pfanstiel. „Determination of Bioavailability and Biodegradation Kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil“. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, 264–83. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0607.ch021.

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Yogalakshmi, Kadapakkam Nandabalan, und Sukhman Singh. „Plastic Waste: Environmental Hazards, Its Biodegradation, and Challenges“. In Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety, 99–133. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1891-7_6.

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Fernando, Tudor, und Steven D. Aust. „Biodegradation of Munition Waste, TNT (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene), and RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) byPhanerochaete chrysosporium“. In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management II, 214–32. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0468.ch011.

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Nwankwo, Wilson, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Kingsley Eghonghon Ukhurebor, Deepak G. Panpatte, Ayodeji Samuel Makinde und Daniel Ingo Hefft. „Recent Advances in Application of Microbial Enzymes for Biodegradation of Waste and Hazardous Waste Material“. In Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment, 35–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7459-7_3.

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Molak, Vlasta. „Risk Assessment of Application of Biodegradative Microorganisms for Hazardous Waste Destruction“. In Environmental Biotechnology, 455–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0824-7_52.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

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Oboirien, Bilainu O., P. E. Molokwane und Evans M. N. Chirwa. „Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants in a Radioactive Wastewater“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7014.

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Bioremediation holds the promise as a cost effective treatment technology for a wide variety of hazardous pollutants. In this study, the biodegradation of organic compounds discharged together with radioactive wastes is investigated. Nuclear process wastewater was simulated by a mixture of phenol and strontium, which is a major radionuclide found in radioactive wastewater. Phenol was used in the study as a model compound due to its simplicity of molecular structure. Moreover, the biodegradation pathway of phenol is well known. Biodegradation studies were conducted using pure cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. The rate of phenol degradation by both species was found to be higher in the test without strontium. This suggests some degree of inhibition in the degradation of phenol by strontium. There was no phenol degradation in the sterile controls. The results indicate the feasibility of the biodegradation of organic pollutants discharged in radioactive effluents by specialised microbial cultures.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Hazardous wastes Biodegradation"

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Luey, J., T. M. Brouns und M. L. Elliott. Biodegradation of hazardous waste using white rot fungus: Project planning and concept development document. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6417575.

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