Zeitschriftenartikel: „Harvest diseases“

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Wall, Marisa M., und Joe N. Corgan. „MATURITY AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON POSTHARVEST ONION QUALITY“. HortScience 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1993): 578c—578. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.578c.

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A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity and storage on fresh market onion quality. Four short day onion cultivars (NuMex BR1, NuMex Sunlite, NuMex Starlite and Buffalo) were seeded in early October of both years. Bulbs were harvested at 5 different times, with harvest #1 when 20% of the bulbs in a plot had mature necks. The second harvest was when 80% of the bulbs in a plot had matured. Harvests #3, #4 and #5 were at 5, 10 or 15 days after the second harvest date. After curing, bulb firmness and weight, and the incidence of bulb diseases were evaluated for the 5 harvest dates. Bulbs were re-evaluated after 10 and 20 days storage in a shed under ambient conditions. Average bulb weight increased from 181.6g to 274.1g as harvest was delayed. Bulb firmness decreased from 56N to 52N. Percent diseased bulbs increased for all cultivars as harvest was delayed in 1991, while in 1992 this trend was not observed. In storage, average bulb weight and firmness decreased, while the incidence of bulb diseases increased greatly regardless of harvest date. Storage diseases were primarily Aspergillus niger and bacterial soft rot.

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Wall, Marisa M., und Joe N. Corgan. „Postharvest Losses from Delayed Harvest and during Common Storage of Short-day Onions“. HortScience 29, Nr. 7 (Juli 1994): 802–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.802.

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A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maturity and storage on fresh-market onion (Allium cepa L.) quality. Four short-day onion cultivars (`NuMex BR1', `NuMex Sunlite', `NuMex Starlite', and `Buffalo') were seeded in early October each year. Bulbs were harvested at five times; the first and second harvests were when 20% and 80 %, respectively, of the bulbs in a plot had mature necks; the third, fourth, and fifth harvests were at 5,10, and 15 days after the second harvest date, respectively. After curing for 3 days, bulb firmness, weight, and incidence of disease were evaluated for all harvests. Bulbs were re-evaluated after 10 and 20 days storage in a shed under ambient conditions. `Buffalo' and `NuMex Surdite' bulbs had the lowest incidence of disease before storage. For all cultivars, average bulb weight increased and firmness decreased with delayed harvest. Percent diseased bulbs increased for all cultivars as harvest was delayed in 1991 but not in 1992. The optimum harvest time was at 80% maturity. In storage, average bulb weight and firmness decreased, and the incidence of bulb diseases increased.

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Silva, Emylli Pereira e., Egon Henrique Horst, Everton Luiz Carneiro Pereira, Julio Cezar Heker Junior, Daniel Corrêa Plodoviski und Mikael Neumann. „Influence of the fungicide strobilurin on forage rye production under different harvesting systems“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, Nr. 5 (14.07.2022): 2109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2109.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of successive harvests, with or without application of foliar fungicide, on the morphometric characteristics, yield and nutritional value of rye forage harvested at the hard dough grain stage, aiming at silage production. The preventive control of foliar diseases was carried out with the fungicide OrkestraTM SC®, in a single application, at early flowering, for both harvesting systems. The first harvest was conducted at the full vegetative stage and the second, at the hard dough grain stage. The system with two harvests resulted in higher cumulative yield compared with the single-harvest system (40,680 and 9,029 kg ha-1 fresh and dry biomass with two harvests, against 8,816 and 5,375 kg ha-1 fresh and dry biomass). Fungicide application promoted a reduction in neutral detergent fiber content in both systems, with values of 753.9 against 790.6 g kg-1 for the single-harvest system and 734.4 against 773.3 g kg-1 for the two-harvest system, with and without fungicide, respectively. For lignin content, the application of the fungicide reduced values (97.2 against 110.3 g kg-1) only in the two-harvest system. Rye management with a harvest at the vegetative stage increases the cumulative dry biomass yield without negatively affecting the harvest yield at the hard dough grain stage, and without drastic changes in the nutritional value of the plant. Even under adverse conditions, fungicide application positively interferes with plant cell wall components

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J V N, Lakshmi, und Satya Siddharth Panda. „Post-Harvest on Citrus Fruit Analyzing the Disease Type in Early Stages Using the Image Processing“. International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 8 (06.08.2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijercse/09.08.art009.

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Image processing is a significant scientific tool for assessing food quality by using computer vision techniques. Plants are susceptible to diseases while practicing post-harvest technology. Detecting the diseases using the hyperspectral image segmentationtechnique by interpreting the external appearance and segmenting the diseased fruit is the current study. Particularly oranges the citrus fruits are highly vulnerable to post-harvest diseases such as brown rot, canker, scab, and greening due to high cold storage and also some of the pre-harvest factors. Classification of citrus typically orange fruit by identifying the disease by using the feature extraction by discovering different dimensions. Early detection of the diseases in the fruit prevents the fast spread and also reduces damage and financial loss. In the contemporary study on post-harvest disease detection in citrus fruits, a dataset of citrus diseased images is used and are easily classified with 79% of accuracy

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Roshan, Kanaklata, Ritam Dutta, Bhaskar Roy und Chiranjib Goswami. „Smart Harvest Diseases Identification using Image Processing“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1228, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1228/1/012006.

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Abstract Manual identification of leaf or fruit diseases is nearly impossible when it comes to large scale production, and it is a very time-consuming task that also requires a large amount of manpower. Hence, the existing technology is used where the disease identification is done within minutes. When a code is developed and deployed in any of the surveillance drones, a large-scale area can be covered in minutes and with less manpower. Here, in this proposal, there are two methods proposed. One is using the keywords and the other method is where a classifier is trained with the database available and the classifier with the highest accuracy is tested against the test set and a result is obtained. When there is a huge area of land, manually identifying the leaf diseases may require a lot of manpower and also be time-consuming. Hence, deploying this code in any sprayer drone will help in identifying the diseases within minutes. Along with disease identification, the particular longitude and latitude of the disease affected leaves’ location will be saved due to the fact that when the land is huge, the farmer need not go in search of the location; instead, a drone will fly to the exact location and the respective fertiliser will be sprayed. Before identification of leaf disease, a photo of the diseased leaves will be captured, due to which, by looking at the picture, the farmer can decide whether medication is necessary or not.

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Chandra, R. Jeya, P. Masilamani, B. Suthakar, P. Rajkumar, S. D. Sivakumar und V. Manonmani. „Effect of Moisture Content on Combine Harvested Seed Crop and its Quality“. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, Nr. 3 (24.02.2024): 114–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i32331.

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The moisture content during harvesting significantly influences post-harvest losses, encompassing factors that collectively diminish both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce. These factors involve pre-harvest sprouting, mechanical damages and susceptibility to diseases at post-harvest. To mitigate the risks associated with excessive moisture, farmers have to employ proper harvesting techniques such as using a combine harvester. The combine harvester proves invaluable by efficient harvesting, threshing and winnowing various crops like rice, corn, wheat, sunflower and pulses directly in the field. This streamlined process not only saves time and reduces the need for human labour but also lowers overall work costs for farmers. Additionally, the utilization of these machines enhances agricultural productivity, ensuring a more efficient harvesting process and contributing to greater profitability in farming practices. Consequently, effective moisture content management becomes essential for minimizing losses and preserving seed quality. A multipurpose nature of a combine harvester minimizes the need for manual labour in harvesting, leading to a reduction in workforce requirements, time expenditure and effort. Consequently, this enhances overall productivity. The objective of the present review is to describe the effect of moisture content on crop, machine and operational parameters on seed quality of combine harvested crops and discussed the effect of moisture content on mechanical damage of combine harvested seed crop and its germination potential and seedling vigour.

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Hamim, I., MZ Alam, MA Ali und M. Ashrafuzzaman. „Incidence of post-harvest fungal diseases of ripe papaya in Mymensingh“. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, Nr. 1 (20.12.2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235.

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A survey was conducted during November, 2012 to May, 2013 to assess the status of major post harvest diseases of papaya fruits in the local markets of Mymensingh. Average percentage of diseased fruits at the markets were 29.83 and diseased fruits ranged from 20.40% to 38.04% during the study period. Highest percentage of diseased fruits (38.04%) was recorded in the month of May, 2013 followed by March, 2013 (37.98%). The minimum percentage of diseased fruits (20.40%) was recorded in January, 2013 followed by December (22.68%). Total six post-harvest diseases was recorded, viz. Anthracnose, Fusarium rot, Stem end rot, Rhizopus rot, Aspergillus rot and Penicillium rot. Anthracnose showed highest mean incidence (14.17 %) followed by Fusarium rot (7.26%) where as Pencillium rot showed lowest mean incidence (0.70%). In the market, anthracnose showed maximum percentage of mean disease abundance (46.11%) followed by Fusarium rot (24.61%). The findings of this study revealed that total six post-harvest diseases are associated with ripe papaya in different markets of Mymensingh. Moreover, May is the predominant month of highest incidence and abundance of all diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21235 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 25-28, June 2014

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López-Pérez, Andres M., Benjamin Plourde, Katie Smith, Francesca Rubino, Emily Pascoe, Olivia Smith und Janet Foley. „Impacts of Timber Harvest on Communities of Small Mammals, Ticks, and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a High-Risk Landscape in Northern California“. Journal of Medical Entomology 58, Nr. 3 (18.01.2021): 1171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa297.

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Abstract Timber harvest may impact tick-borne disease by affecting small mammal and tick community structures. We assessed tick and small mammal populations in older second-growth redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl) habitat at two harvested sites in Santa Cruz County, California, where local risk of tick-borne disease is high and determined the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks. After single-tree removal harvest in 2014, there was a modest reduction in canopy, primarily toward the end of the study. Harvested sites showed strong reductions in California mouse (Peromyscus californicus, (Gambel)) captures 2-yr after harvest, resolving such that treatments and controls were comparable by the end of the study. Following harvest, treated sites experienced a transient decreased tick infestation while control plots experienced an increase. Ixodes angustus (Neumann) infestation probability on harvested plots decreased immediately after harvest, increasing with time but remaining lower than control plots, whereas I. pacificus (Cooley and Kohls) prevalence was higher shortly after the harvest on harvested plots, and continued to increase. Mean abundance of ticks on vegetation increased on control plots. We detected Borrelia burgdorferi ((Johnson et al.) Baranton) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum ((Foggie 1949) Dumler) in 3.8 and 3.1% of ticks on rodents, but no differences were associated with harvest. Impacts of forest harvest on tick-borne disease depend on removal practice and intensity, whether or not hosts are habitat specialists, and whether or not ticks are host specialists.

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Ismail, Mohamed, und Jiuxu Zhang. „Post-harvest Citrus Diseases and their control“. Outlooks on Pest Management 15, Nr. 1 (01.02.2004): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/15feb12.

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Barad, Shiri, Edward Sionov und Dov Prusky. „Role of patulin in post-harvest diseases“. Fungal Biology Reviews 30, Nr. 1 (April 2016): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2016.02.001.

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Pratama, Rahmat, und Ayu Safitri. „POST-HARVEST DISEASES IN INDRALAYA DISTRICT, SOUTH SUMATRA“. BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal 8, Nr. 2 (30.12.2022): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24233/biov.8.2.2022.336.

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The agricultural sector, especially in Indonesia, is always faced with problems from various factors that can reduce the productivity of a plant. One of these factors is the presence of attacks from plant-disturbing organisms. The method used in this research is by using a purposive sampling method. Samples of diseased plants were observed and taken for observation in the Phytopathology Laboratory, Plant Protection Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. From the observations that have been made, it was found that many chili plants were attacked by Colletotrichum Rot disease Erwinia caratovora in carrots, anthracnose in oranges and bananas, anthracnose in mangoes, and papayas. Many postharvest diseases found in plants in Indralaya are caused by pathogens in the form of fungi and bacteria.

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Fatima, Sumia. „Introduction to major post-harvest diseases of guava“. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, Nr. 4 (30.09.2019): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4.3592.

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Guava fruits are attacked by several fungi, bacteria and other agents causing different types of disease symptoms. The injured guavas get infected by fungal forms during transportation and storage periods. Over 25 to 30 per cent loss of fruits are caused by fungal diseases in transit and storage. The common fungal forms easily penetrate into injured fruits in godown during storage period. The mycoflora isolated from infected fruits of guava collected from fruit store houses was Alternaria, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, and Curvularia. Fusarium, Monilia, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Phytopthora and Rhizopus as noted in table. Each post harvest fungus causes a particular type of symptoms. Different types of symptoms caused by post harvest fungi observed and noted in table. Keywords: Guava, post-harvest mycoflora, rot symptoms,

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Muller, A. T., und P. Wood. „POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF MANGO, CARNARVON WESTERN AUSTRALIA“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 291 (Juni 1991): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.291.40.

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MORIKAWA, Toshiyuki, Takashi YAMAMOTO, Tokuji FUKUDA, Yoshikuni NOMURA und Kayoko INAGAKI. „Bacterial Post-harvest Diseases of Tulip in Japan.“ Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 59, Nr. 1 (1993): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.59.10.

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Hermansen, Arne, Leslie Wanner, Ragnhild Nærstad und Sonja Sletner Klemsdal. „Detection and prediction of post harvest carrot diseases“. European Journal of Plant Pathology 133, Nr. 1 (19.11.2011): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9896-x.

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P, Mareeswari,, P. Mahalakshmi, R. Akila, K. Chitra und M. Ayyandurai. „Management Of Pre And Post Harvest Fruit Rot Diseases Of Ber“. Agriculture Association of Textile Chemical and Critical Reviews Journal 11, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2023): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.58321/aatccreview.2023.11.04.237.

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The main focus of this research is to produce the good quality and disease free fruits. In this aspect, the investigation was carried out to reduce or control the pre and post-harvest fungal fruit rot. The study on pre and post-harvest management of fruit rot diseases of ber caused by Alternaria and Colletotrichum was carried out and the results showed that two pre-harvest sprays of Thiophanate Methyl (0.1 %) at 15 day intervals during the marble stage of ber fruit was found effective against Alternaria fruit rot recorded 6.8 PDI compared to untreated control recorded 43.6 PDI. Two pre-harvest sprays of 0.1 per-cent carbendazim at 15 day intervals was found effective against Colletotrichum fruit rot during the pea fruit stage of ber recorded 6.6 PDI compared to untreated control recorded 44.2 PDI. The post-harvest studies revealed that dipping of ber fruits in 2 per cent sodium chloride solution for 10 min. recorded the lowest PDI of 5.27 against post-harvest fungal rot as compared to untreated control recorded 25.27 PDI.

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Moreira, Priscila Carvalho, Juliana Costa de Rezende Abrahão, Antonio Carlos da Mota Porto, Denis Henrique Silva Nadaleti, Flávia Maria Avelar Gonçalves, Gladyston Rodrigues Carvalho und Cesar Elias Botelho. „Progeny Selection to Develop a Sustainable Arabica Coffee Cultivar“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 5 (09.05.2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051144.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the most efficient way to select F4:5 progenies derived from the Icatu and Catimor groups of Coffea arabica and to study the genotypic correlations between the traits related to coffee grain physical quality, diseases, and productivity. A combination of the predicted additive values for production capacity when considering seven harvests and a simultaneous selection for a high sieve percentage and resistance to specific diseases during the last harvest was used. Analyses that selected progenies without considering the genotype × harvest interaction provided inaccurate results, distorting the progeny ranking. Coffee leaf rust and brown eye spot were correlated, showing the possibility of simultaneously selecting for resistance to both diseases. Of the 68 progenies studied here, five showed satisfactory agronomic traits. Our findings will contribute substantially to the development of new coffee cultivars that will allow us to reduce pesticide use.

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Nesi, Cristiano Nunes, Silvia Emiko Shimakura, Paulo Justiniano Ribeiro Junior und Louise Larissa May De Mio. „Survival analysis: a tool in the study of post-harvest diseases in peaches“. Revista Ceres 62, Nr. 1 (Februar 2015): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201562010007.

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Survival analysis is applied when the time until the occurrence of an event is of interest. Such data are routinely collected in plant diseases, although applications of the method are uncommon. The objective of this study was to use two studies on post-harvest diseases of peaches, considering two harvests together and the existence of random effect shared by fruits of a same tree, in order to describe the main techniques in survival analysis. The nonparametric Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test and the semi-parametric Cox's proportional hazards model were used to estimate the effect of cultivars and the number of days after full bloom on the survival to the brown rot symptom and the instantaneous risk of expressing it in two consecutive harvests. The joint analysis with baseline effect, varying between harvests, and the confirmation of the tree effect as a grouping factor with random effect were appropriate to interpret the phenomenon (disease) evaluated and can be important tools to replace or complement the conventional analysis, respecting the nature of the variable and the phenomenon.

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Pétriacq, Pierre, Ana López und Estrella Luna. „Fruit Decay to Diseases: Can Induced Resistance and Priming Help?“ Plants 7, Nr. 4 (21.09.2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants7040077.

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Humanity faces the challenge of having to increase food production to feed an exponentially growing world population, while crop diseases reduce yields to levels that we can no longer afford. Besides, a significant amount of waste is produced after fruit harvest. Fruit decay due to diseases at a post-harvest level can claim up to 50% of the total production worldwide. Currently, the most effective means of disease control is the use of pesticides. However, their use post-harvest is extremely limited due to toxicity. The last few decades have witnessed the development of safer methods of disease control post-harvest. They have all been included in programs with the aim of achieving integrated pest (and disease) management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use to a minimum. Unfortunately, these approaches have failed to provide robust solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies that would result in effective control. Exploiting the immune capacity of plants has been described as a plausible route to prevent diseases post-harvest. Post-harvest-induced resistance (IR) through the use of safer chemicals from biological origin, biocontrol, and physical means has also been reported. In this review, we summarize the successful activity of these different strategies and explore the mechanisms behind. We further explore the concept of priming, and how its long-lasting and broad-spectrum nature could contribute to fruit resistance.

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Barden, C. L., G. M. Greene, L. A. Hull und K. D. Hickey. „Apple Storability as Influenced by Tufted Apple Bud Moth Injury, Orchard Fungicide Programs, and Horticultural Factors“. HortScience 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 1995): 816E—816. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.816e.

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As public pressure increases to reduce the use of agricultural chemicals, the effects of lower chemical dosages in the orchard on fruit storability must be determined. Based on both artificial and natural damage, minor tufted apple bud moth (TABM) injury (<10 mm aggregate diameter) did not cause significant loss during controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage. However, damage in excess of 10 mm often caused significant weight loss and decay. Damage occurring closer to harvest caused more loss of quality than earlier damage (i.e., during July and early August). Forty percent of apples damaged 1 week before harvest decayed during storage. Several orchard fungicide spray programs were studied, and in 1993–94, all of the tested programs adequately controlled both fruit blotches and rots, and few storage rots developed. These diseases were light in 1993 due to low rainfall during the summer months. Development of the summer diseases were somewhat higher in 1994, but similar fungicide programs provided adequate control of the complex at harvest. Apples inoculated with P. expansum (punctured with a nail) decayed less when stored in 3% CO2 than in 0% CO2 (at both 1% or 2.4% O2). Decay of `Golden Delicious' caused by P. expansum inoculation increased with later harvest (twice as much decay in fruit harvested 14 Oct. than in fruit harvested 23 Sept.–7 Oct.).

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Łysiak, Grzegorz. „The influence of harvest maturity and basic macroelement content in fruit on the incidence of diseases and disorders after storage of the ‘Ligol’ apple cultivar“. Folia Horticulturae 25, Nr. 1 (01.06.2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2013-0004.

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ABSTRACT Research was carried out during the 1999-2007 growing and storage season using ‘Ligol’ apples from trees grafted on M.26, and fertilised in accordance with recommendations for commercial orchards. The approximate optimum harvest date was determined mainly on the basis of starch index measurements and Streif index calculations, evaluated 7-8 times every 4-5 days each year. In addition to samples collected to determine OHD each year, there were four harvests of fruit intended for storage. The apples were stored in a cold storage room at 1-2°C and RH of around 90% for about five months. Following a storage period lasting the same number of days for each harvest, the quality of fruits was examined and the correlation between the concentration of minerals in apples and all fungal diseases and physiological disorders was calculated. In years with high precipitation in the period preceding the harvest, the share of fruits affected by fungal diseases and physiological disorders after storage depended more on weather conditions prevailing in the growing season than on the harvest date. The incidence of bitter pit increased with the number of days preceding OHD. Other recorded losses were caused by internal breakdown and superficial scald, but they were small and did not seem significant for ‘Ligol’ apples. Each characteristic mineral concentration in the fruit at harvest (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) was correlated with the incidence of physiological disorders and/or fungal diseases. The incidence of bitter pit and lenticel blotch pit and the sum of physiological disorders increased along with the increase in nitrogen concentration. The feature that best predicted the storability of ‘Ligol’ was the K/Ca ratio.

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Ruffo Roberto, Sergio, Khamis Youssef, Ayat Farghily Hashim und Antonio Ippolito. „Nanomaterials as Alternative Control Means Against Postharvest Diseases in Fruit Crops“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 12 (10.12.2019): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121752.

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Post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables have to be controlled because of the high added value of commodities and the great economic loss related to spoilage. Synthetic fungicides are the first choice worldwide to control post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables. However, several problems and constraints related to their use have forced scientists to develop alternatives control means to prevent post-harvest diseases. Physical and biological means, resistance inducers, and GRAS (generally recognized as safe) compounds are the most important alternatives used during the last 20 years. Recently, nanomaterial treatments have demonstrated promising results and they are being investigated to reduce the utilization of synthetic fungicides to control post-harvest rot in fruit and vegetables. The collective information in this review article covers a wide range of nanomaterials used to control post-harvest decays related to each selected fruit crop including grape, citrus, banana, apple, mango, peach, and nectarine. Other examples also used are apricot, guava, avocado, papaya, dragon, pear, longan, loquat, jujubes, and pomegranate fruits.

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Ji, Hong, Xun He, Li Ding, Zhe Qu, Wenkang Huang und Wanzhang Wang. „Tobit model-based analysis on the influencing factors of wheat loss during harvesting by the combine harvester“. Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 22, Nr. 2 (28.03.2022): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-215755.

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Based on the investigation data of wheat mechanized harvest in eight major wheat producing areas from the south to the north of Henan Province, the main factors affecting wheat mechanized harvest loss were identified and the influence of each factor was decomposed. In this article, the loss rate of wheat mechanical harvest was calculated by using the method of artificial measurement of wheat yield in the field, and the influencing factors of wheat mechanical harvest operation in 8 regions of Henan province were treated and analyzed by using Tobit regression model. In this paper, the loss rate of wheat mechanical harvest was calculated by using the method of wheat field artificial yield measurement and the influencing factors of wheat mechanical harvest operation in eight regions of Henan province were treated and analyzed by using Tobit regression model. The results show that the average harvest loss rate in the field amounts to 2.96%, the average harvest loss rate at the edge of field amounts to 3.06%, whereas the loss rate in the normal operation area amounts 2.86%. The main factors that caused the harvest loss of wheat field machinery were the maturity of wheat, the area of operation field, the diseases and pests, weather conditions and the accumulated working hours of harvester drivers in a single day. Therefore, the main technical measures to reduce the operation loss of wheat combine harvester were put forward to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

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., A. N. Al-Rahamah, M. A. Moslem . und K. A. Elkhder . „Chemical Control of Post-Harvest Diseases of Some Fruits“. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3, Nr. 4 (15.03.2000): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.599.601.

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GADGILE, DHONDIRAM. „Post-harvest fungal diseases of guava: A brief review“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROCESSING AND POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY 8, Nr. 1 (15.06.2017): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijppht/8.1/56-58.

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Cline, W. O., und R. D. Milholland. „Diseases of Blueberry Fruit at Harvest in North Carolina“. Journal of Small Fruit & Viticulture 3, Nr. 4 (17.04.1996): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j065v03n04_06.

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Hartill, W. F. T. „Post-harvest diseases of avocado fruits in New Zealand“. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 19, Nr. 3 (Juli 1991): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1991.10421814.

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Schouten, S. P. „Post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables“. Scientia Horticulturae 46, Nr. 1-2 (Februar 1991): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(91)90103-6.

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Benbow, Jesse M., und David Sugar. „Fruit Surface Colonization and Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Pear by Preharvest Yeast Applications“. Plant Disease 83, Nr. 9 (September 1999): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.9.839.

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The yeasts Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorula glutinis, applied to Bosc and d'Anjou pear fruit in the field 3 weeks prior to harvest, maintained high population levels through harvest, while populations of Candida oleophila declined after 1 and 2 weeks, and by harvest were not significantly different from total yeast populations on untreated fruit. Yeasts were sprayed individually on fruit at concentrations of 1 to 3 × 108 CFU/ml, with approximately 2 ml applied per fruit. Initial population sizes for all four species averaged 5 × 106 CFU per fruit. C. infirmo-miniatus provided the most consistent decay control in fruit treated 3 weeks before harvest. C. infirmo-miniatus and R. glutinis also provided significant postharvest decay control in Bosc fruit treated 1 day before harvest.

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Kumar, A. Prashanth, J. Shankar Swamy, Shahanaz, P. Gouthami und C. N. R. Santhoshini. „A Review on Bio-Based Control of Post-Harvest Diseases“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 19 (18.08.2023): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193546.

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Bacillus subtilis non-pathogenic beneficial bacteria, promotes plant growth, disease resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses. It produces bioactive substances with antibiotic properties and induces physiological features in plant metabolism without adverse effects on the environment or human health. Bacillus subtilis has been used to treat various postharvest diseases during handling, transportation and storage of various fresh fruits and vegetables. It is the first microorganism patented as a postharvest bio control agent for Brown rot of stone fruits, improving the post-harvest physiology of various fruit/vegetables. Bacillus strains AG1 and H110 have been shown to be effective against Vine wood fungal pathogens and post-harvest pathogens. They have been shown to reduce symptoms of Anthracnose in fruit caused by fungal pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum and White rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Endophytic Bacillus strains have been developed that can colonize plant tissues and live in the same ecological niches as pathogens, thus preventing post-harvest diseases and improving preservation during storage. Bacillus strains induce auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ABA, JA and SA in plants, which can stimulate plant growth under stressful conditions. Endophytic bacteria can induce ISR against pathogens and abiotic stressors, extending the shelf life of stored fruits and vegetables. Microbial antagonists can be applied after harvest to control fruit and vegetable diseases, but a single microbial strain cannot prevent all fruits/vegetables from decaying during storage. Combining diverse antagonistic microorganisms with diverse microbial activity and combining various bio-controlling characteristics can prevent post-harvest decay on fruits/vegetables.

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Mohamed Saied Ali Khalil, Nadia Gamel El-Gamal, Nehal Samy El-Mougy und Mokhtar Mohamed Abdel-Kader. „Occurrence of citrus brown and black spot diseases and their control using pre-harvest approaches“. Bioscience Journal 38 (09.12.2022): e38098. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v38n0a2022-60227.

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Mild brown and black spot diseases symptoms were detected on citrus varieties, Valencia and Navel fruits during season 2018 in some citrus orchards at North Egypt. Collected diseased fruit samples revealed isolation of Alternaria alternata and Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa. Some organic acids, salts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated against the diseases incidents in vitro and in vivo. Complete growth inhibition was recorded for fungi tested at 2g/L of salicylic acid, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Tri-Sodium polyphosphate and 2.5 g/L of S. cerevisiae. All pre-harvest treated Valencia trees, inoculated fruits revealed no diseases symptoms up to 10 days of storage period. Meanwhile, S. cerevisiae and salicylic acid treatments had extended protective effect up to 20 days. Control strategy through spraying Valencia orange trees with yeast or some organic acids and salts as pre-harvest approaches should be taken in consideration especially these diseases began to occur in North region of Egypt.

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Riley, D., und T. G. Evans. „Osteomyelitis Complicating Bone Marrow Harvest“. Clinical Infectious Diseases 14, Nr. 4 (01.04.1992): 980–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/14.4.980.

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Ghimire, Bimal Kumar, Ji-Won Seo, Seung-Hyun Kim, Balkrishna Ghimire, Jae-Geun Lee, Chang-Yeon Yu und Ill-Min Chung. „Influence of Harvesting Time on Phenolic and Mineral Profiles and Their Association with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 7 (29.06.2021): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071327.

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Plant phytochemical accumulation is influenced by various external factors that change with the seasons (e.g., harvesting time). Atractylodes japonica, an important medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds, is used to treat several human diseases. We analyzed the influence of harvesting time on phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activity of A. japonica roots. We investigated the correlation between phenolic compound and minerals contents and antioxidant activity in different harvests. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied significantly with the harvesting time. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis revealed significant changes in the concentration of various phenolics between harvests. The content of different types of phenolics were significantly higher in the samples collected in October. Among them, chlorogenic acids (133,833.30 µg/g dry weight of root extract) were the most dominant phytochemical compounds detected. Samples harvested in October had higher concentrations of flavonoids, including rutin, orientin, vitexin, and apigenin. Roots harvested in October had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than that of those harvested later. Root mineral concentrations also varied with the harvest time. The analysis revealed that macro elements such as Ca ad Mg contents were significantly increased with delaying harvesting time, whereas a different trend was observed for the microelements including Fe, Cu, Al, and As contents in the October harvest. We also found a significant relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content. The most abundant minerals (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al) correlated positively with the antioxidant activity indicating that these elements and compounds may be associated with the A. japonica antioxidant potential. Furthermore, A. japonica root extracts inhibited NIH/3T3 cellular proliferation in a season- and dose-dependent manner. Hence, harvesting time influenced the antioxidant properties and phenolic compound accumulation of A. japonica roots. These results indicate that the harvesting time is essential for obtaining the specific phytochemicals.

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Agayev, F. „Practice of Protecting the Potato Stubs From Diseases and Sprouting When Storage“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, Nr. 1 (15.01.2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/74/10.

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All over the planet, potatoes are an important staple food crop. However, to maintain the quality of the tubers and increase their availability, it is necessary to store the tubers for a long time, often using industrial scale equipment. In this context, maintaining potato quality is critical for the seed, fresh and processing sectors. The industry has always innovated and invested in improved post-harvest storage. However, the rate of technological change is accelerating and will continue to accelerate. Stricter legislation and changing consumer attitudes are driving increased interest in creating alternative or complementary post-harvest treatments to traditional growth suppression and disease control chemicals. We are considering modern knowledge about the biochemical factors that determine the state of dormancy, as well as the influence of factors before and after harvest on ensuring the quality of potato tubers. In addition, the role of genomics as a future approach to improving potato quality is discussed. It is critical, thanks to more focused industry research, to understand how pre-harvest conditions affect tuber quality and the factors that determine the transition to dormancy, which should create the conditions for achieving sustainable storage.

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Wibowo, Yuli, Winda Amilia und Dyah Rizki Karismasari. „MANAJEMEN RISIKO KEHILANGAN PANEN EDAMAME (Glycine max (L) Merr.) DI PT. MITRATANI DUA TUJUH, JEMBER“. JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 14, Nr. 02 (30.12.2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v14i02.21448.

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Post-harvest loss is a risk that can be faced by almost all agricultural commodities, including edamame. Post-harvest loss can be a potential loss for farming. This study aims to identify the risk of edamame post-harvest loss at PT. Mitra Tani Dua Tujuh Jember, as well as formulating its control strategy. This study uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis method to analyze the risk of post-harvest loss, integrated with the fishbone diagram to identify the risk causes. To formulate a risk control strategy used the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, which refers to the Pugh method to determine the strategic concept. The results showed that the most critical risks that need serious attention in edamame production are the emergence of pests and diseases. Pests and diseases that attack edamame plants have a high impact severity. Pests and diseases quite often attack edamame plants, and their presence is difficult to detect. The appropriate strategy for controlling pests and diseases in edamame is vegetable pesticides. The use of vegetable pesticides is easier, more efficient, cheaper, more effective, and easier to obtain than chemical pesticides. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, edamame, failure mode and effect analysis, post-harvest loss, risk management

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Bala, Ritu, Subash Thapa, Jaspal Kaur, Puja Srivastava, Parminder S. Tak, Ramanna Koulagi, Yogita Bohra, Vineet K. Sharma und P. P. S. Pannu. „Status of post harvest diseases affecting wheat production in Punjab“. Plant Disease Research 36, Nr. 2 (2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-8788.2021.00028.7.

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Kumar, Mukesh, Raj Singh und Indu Sharma. „Integrated Management for Post-Harvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables“. Bio Science Research Bulletin 37, Nr. 1 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-3161.2021.00005.5.

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Chakrasali, Savita, V. I. Benagi und Kotramma C. Addangadi. „Status of post harvest diseases of mango in Nothern Karnataka“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 14, Nr. 1 (15.01.2018): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/14.1/207-210.

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Feliziani, Erica, Amnon Lichter, Joseph L. Smilanick und Antonio Ippolito. „Disinfecting agents for controlling fruit and vegetable diseases after harvest“. Postharvest Biology and Technology 122 (Dezember 2016): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.04.016.

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Dantas, Andréa Mirne de Macêdo, Selma Rogéria de Carvalho Nascimento, Beatriz Letícia Silva da Cruz, Fernando Henrique Alves da Silva, Márcia Michelle de Queiroz Ambrósio und Rosemberg Ferreira Senhor. „Alternative control of post-harvest diseases in Tainung 1 papaya“. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4850938.

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ABSTRACT Controlling post-harvest papaya diseases without using agrochemicals is a challenge for producers. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of clove essential oil, biological fungicide (Trichodermil®), resistance inducer (Cob Sistem®) and chemical fungicide (Imazacure®) on the in vitro control of phytopathogenic fungi isolates from papaya as well as on the post-harvest quality of Tainung 1 papaya. The in vitro experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design, with five fungal species x five treatments and five replications. The in vivo experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design, with five treatments x five storage times, five replications and three fruits per replication. The fruits were stored under refrigeration at 10 ± 2 ºC and 90 ± 5 % of relative humidity and evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage, plus two shelf life days at 25 ± 2 ºC, to simulate marketing conditions. The inhibition of mycelial growth was evaluated in the in vitro experiment, while the diseases occurrence and post-harvest quality of the fruits were evaluated in the in vivo experiment. The clove essential oil and Trichodermil® were as efficient as Imazacure® in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus sp. The treatments with clove essential oil, Trichodermil® and Imazacure® were similar in controlling the pathogens up to 21 days of storage. The treatments had no effect on the fruits soluble solid contents.

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Ulilalbab, Azizah Ridha, Dhika Cahyasita, Nova Wahyu Pratiwi, Miftahul Ajri, Uliyatul Muhmiroh Hanikaf und Seto Agung Kuncoro. „MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH POST-HARVEST DISEASES“. Agrivet 29, Nr. 2 (30.12.2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/agrivet.v29i2.11001.

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K, PRABHAKAR, RAGUCHANDER T, PARTHIBAN V K, MUTHULAKSHMI P und PRAKASAM V. „Post harvest fungal spoilage in mango at different levels marketing“. Madras Agricultural Journal 92, March (2005): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00009.

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A systematic study was conducted during the year 2000 to assess the extent of loss due to post harvest diseases in mango in Coimbatore at field, wholesale, retail and consumer levels. The magnitude of loss due to post harvest diseases on mango varied at different stages of storage and marketing. Fungal spoilage of mango was higher at retail (40.79 per cent) and consumer level (24.62 per cent) and was minimum at wholesale (3.01 per cent) and the least at field level (1.13 per cent) since the symptoms of the disease of unripe mango manifested only upon ripening. It was observed that the extent of post harvest loss was higher in the months of July (47.90 per cent) and August (51.70 per cent) when compared to other months. Among the post harvest diseases anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and stem end rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae caused the major damage.

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Alanazi, Awatif, Amir Nadeem, Khawar Siddiqui, Mouhab Ayas, Ali Abdallah Ahmari, Ibrahim A. Ghemlas, Abdullah Aljefri, Hawazen S. Alsaedi und Amal Al-Seraihy. „Bone Marrow Harvest Volume and CD34+ Cell Count in Pediatric Sibling Donors: A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127655.

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INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only treatment modality offering cure or long-term survival for many hematologic malignancies, and non-malignant diseases in children. HLA-matched siblings are considered the best donors because of reduced risks of transplant-related complications and better clinical outcome. According to the National Marrow Donor Program Guidelines, the maximum amount of bone marrow harvest is limited to 20ml/kg donor's body weight. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the optimal bone marrow harvest volume in pediatric donors needed to obtain the desired CD34+ cell count. METHODS: We reviewed medical charts of 553 pediatric (age at harvest <18 years) sibling donors who were harvested for bone marrow from Jan 2007 to Dec 2017 at our institution for pediatric (age at infusion < 14 years) transplant naïve recipients in order to examine the volume harvested per donor's weight, the percentage of harvests that reached the minimum desired CD34+ cell count of ≥3.0X10^6 per Kg of recipient weight, harvest related hospitalization days and side effects related to the procedure and the impact of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) priming on CD34 count of harvested bone marrow. RESULTS: 288 out of 553 donors were male. 155 (28%) were below 5 years of age at harvest, 189 (34.2%) were between 5-10 and remaining 209 (37.8%) were 10 years and above, with a median of 8.4 years (range: 0.2-17.9). Primary indication for transplant among 131 (23.7%) of our pediatric recipients were Malignant Disorders, Non-Malignant Disorders in 214 (38.7%) and Primary Immunodeficiency and Histiocytic Disorders in 208 (37.6%). GCSF priming was carried out in 219 (39.6%) donors. The minimum desired CD34+ cell count of ≥3.0X10^6 per Kg of recipient weight was reached in 517 (93.5%) harvests. Post infusion Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC) recovery within Day+28 was recorded among 472 (85.4%) of the transplant naïve recipients, while in 72 (13%) cases ANC never recovered and in remaining 9 (1.6%) time to recovery was beyond Day+28. ANC recovery within Day+28 was significantly associated with CD34+ cell dose of ≥3.0X10^6 per Kg of recipient weight (n=441, 93.4% vs. 31, 6.6%; P-Value<0.001). Median CD34+ cells (X10^6) collected per Kg of donor weight were significantly higher among donors younger than 5 years of age when compared to those 10 and beyond (P-Value <0.001) with a median harvested volume of 13.7, 12.0 and 8.3 mL/Kg (P-Value<0.001, Table 1). On the same note, median CD34+ cells collected per donor weight were significantly higher among donors primed with GCSF in contrast to those who did not (6.02 X10^6 vs. 3.1 X10^6, P-value <0.001). 54 (9.8%) of our donors required PRBC transfusion; among whom 34 (63%) were below 5 years of age at harvest, 15 (27.8%) 5-10 years and remaining 5 (9.3%) were 10 and above (P-Value<0.001). 2 (0.5%) donors were hospitalized for four days, 12 (3.2%) for three, 201 (54.3%) for two and 155 (42%) for one day only. No significant side effects were noted among our donor population. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that CD34 cell count were significantly higher among younger donors. The use of Higher CD34 cell dose is significantly associated with engraftment. Priming with G-CSF had significant impact on CD34+ cell count. These large data confirm the suggestion that the volume of bone marrow harvested can be decreased among younger donors without significantly changing the overall CD34 cell count. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Robertson, Alison E., Mauricio Serrano, Jyotsna Acharya, John Shriver, John Beckman, Chad Huffman, Ken Pecinovsky et al. „Effect of Foliar Fungicides Applied at Silking on Stalk Lodging in Corn“. Plant Health Progress 21, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-08-19-0049-rs.

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Stalk lodging in corn (Zea mays L.) leads to harvest complications and yield losses. Farmers who apply a foliar fungicide to manage leaf diseases have also observed reduced lodging. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar fungicide applied at silking on percent lodging. Field trials were established on Iowa State University Research Farms in 2016 and 2017. Treatments evaluated were foliar fungicide application (with or without) and harvest date (corn harvested at weekly intervals for up to 5 weeks); a split plot design was used with four complete blocks. Across all locations and years, a fungicide application significantly reduced mean lodging (P < 0.0001) by 9.3% and increased yields (P = 0.0043) by an average of 258.3 kg/ha (4.1 bu/acre). Percent lodging increased as harvest was delayed (P < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that foliar fungicides applied at silking reduced lodging and thus confirmed observations of farmers. Applying a fungicide to reduce lodging and favor harvest, however, is not recommended due to risk of fungicide resistance development and the lack of efficacy on stalk rot pathogens.

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Rymuza, Katarzyna, Antoni Bombik, Dariusz Stopa und Zbigniew Pawlonka. „The Effect of Potato Ridge Height and Harvest Date on Tuber Injuries“. Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, Nr. 3 (01.07.2014): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0034.

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Abstract A potato experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2006 at the Zawady Experimental Farm. The farm is part of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. Tuber infection and injury by diseases and pathogens of three potato cultivars were assessed according to the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of mechanically injured tubers was also determined depending on the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of potato tubers infected by fungal and bacterial diseases was influenced by the cultivar, growing season, harvest date, and ridge height. Potatoes grown to their standard height and height ridges, were significantly less infected by diseases at the first harvest date. The weight of tubers in which the tubers were injured by soil pests, was affected by the cultivar and ridge height. Potatoes cultivated in a ridge which was 20 cm high, had tubers with significantly less mechanical injuries compared with a low (16 cm) ridge and high (24 cm) ridge.

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Taye, Trishna, Bishal Saikia und Khirud Panging. „Biocontrol Agents against Post Harvest Decay in Fruits and Vegetables: A Review“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, Nr. 10 (28.04.2023): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i102934.

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Post harvest losses are the major threats in the supply chain between harvest and consumption which contribute 44% of the total loss of fruits and vegetables. Among the various causes, post harvest diseases are major decay of fruits and vegetables accounting for 20-25% losses. The causative fungus belonging to both biotrophic and necrotrophic nature belongs to the genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Botrytis, etc. Management of post harvest diseases by conventional chemicals is not preferred due to residual effects and toxicity. Considering the global demand and consumer awareness about the health effects of pesticides, biocontrol agents are getting attention in recent times for post harvest disease management. BCAs like Trichoderma, Bacillus and Pseudomonas have been explored for successful management of post harvest diseases of citrus, strawberry, tomato, etc. The possible mode actions of the BCAs are competition for nutrients and space, production of antimicrobial compounds, hydrolytic enzymes, and induced resistance. The added advantage of BCAs is that they can be integrated with other physical, natural compounds and additives for coatings due to their synergistic and mutualistic effect. The product development for biocontrol origin must be encouraged to utilize the benefits they provide. Several constraints in process of product development may arise which can be overcome by more research, education, training at the farm level, and multi-omics studies to unravel the potentials of the BCAs.

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Matulaprungsan, Wongs-Aree, Penchaiya, Boonyaritthongchai, Srisurapanon und Kanlayanarat. „Analysis of Critical Control Points of Post-Harvest Diseases in the Material Flow of Nam Dok Mai Mango Exported to Japan“. Agriculture 9, Nr. 9 (11.09.2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090200.

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‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango is a luxury commercial fruit in Thailand, but post-harvest diseases infecting the ripe fruit is a major problem affecting marketability. The objective of the present study was to map the supply chain of ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mangoes exported to Japan and analyze the critical points of post-harvest disease infection caused mainly by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Risk points of the post-harvest diseases were found by examining the material and information flows from processes ranging from field production to post-harvest handling, and these were obtained from mango growers and an exporter. The findings of interviews with mango growers and observations of the mangoes in field production were that the first point of risk was cultivar selection, while branch pruning and fruit bagging were further important processes causing post-harvest fruit decay. On the other hand, it was found that post-harvest handling was significant in decreasing anthracnose disease infection; this was seen at the step of dipping the fruit in 50 °C hot water for 3 min at the processing line.

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Mesterházy, Ákos, Judit Oláh und József Popp. „Losses in the Grain Supply Chain: Causes and Solutions“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 6 (17.03.2020): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062342.

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Global grain production needs a significant increase in output in the coming decades in order to cover the food and feed consumption needs of mankind. As sustainability is the key factor in production, the authors investigate global grain production, the losses along the value chain, and future solutions. Global wheat, maize, rice, and soybean production peaked at 2.102 million tons (mt) of harvested grain in 2018. Pre-harvest losses due to diseases, animal pests, weeds, and abiotic stresses and harvest destroy yearly amount to about 35% of the total possible biological product of 3.153 mt, with 1051.5 mt being lost before harvest. The losses during harvest and storage through toxin contamination are responsible for 690 mt, with a total of 1.741 mt or 83% of the total newly stored grain. Limited cooperation can be experienced between scientific research, plant breeding, plant protection, agronomy, and society, and in addition, their interdependence is badly understood. Plant breeding can help to reduce a significant part of field loss up to 300 mt (diseases, toxins, water and heat stress) and up to 220 mt during storage (toxin contamination). The direct and indirect impact of pest management on production lead to huge grain losses. The main task is to reduce grain losses during production and storage and consumption. Better harvest and storage conditions could prevent losses of 420 mt. The education of farmers by adopting the vocational school system is a key issue in the prevention of grain loss. In addition, extension services should be created to demonstrate farmers crop management in practice. A 50% reduction of grain loss and waste along the value chain seems to be achievable for the feeding 3–4 billion more people in a sustainable way without raising genetic yields of crop cultivars.

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Zakaria, Latiffah. „Fusarium Species Associated with Diseases of Major Tropical Fruit Crops“. Horticulturae 9, Nr. 3 (01.03.2023): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030322.

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Mango, banana, papaya, pineapple, and avocado are categorized as major tropical fruits grown for local consumption, export, and sources of income to the growers. These fruit crops are susceptible to infection by Fusarium in the field, and after harvest, it causes root rot, vascular wilt, stem rot, and fruit rot. Among the most common and economically important Fusarium species associated with diseases of major fruit are F. oxysporum and F. solani, which are prevalent in tropical regions. Other species include F. incarnatum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticilliodes. Most of these species have a wide host range and infect different parts of the plant. Due to the economic importance of these fruit crops, this review highlights the diseases and Fusarium species that infect fruit crops in the field as well as after harvest. Updated information on Fusarium species infecting major tropical fruit crops is important as disease management in the field and after harvest often relies on the causal pathogens. Moreover, major fruit crops are traded worldwide, and newly recorded species associated with these fruit crops are important for biosecurity purposes. Information on the diseases and causal pathogens may help to facilitate routine diagnosis and planning of suitable plant disease management methods.

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Ahn, Won Kee, Hyun-Jun Nam, Hae Won Lee, Seungmin Hahn, Jung Woo Han, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Sinyoung Kim et al. „Poor Mobilization-Associated Factors in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Harvest“. Cancers 16, Nr. 10 (10.05.2024): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101821.

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Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is an important therapeutic measure for both hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. For PBSCT to be successful, sufficient CD34+ cells need to be mobilized and harvested. Although risk factors associated with poor mobilization in patients with hematologic diseases have been reported, studies of patients with non-hematologic diseases and those receiving plerixafor are rare. To identify factors associated with poor mobilization, data from autologous PBSC harvest (PBSCH) in 491 patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A multivariate analysis revealed that in patients with a hematologic disease, an age older than 60 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.655, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.049–2.611, p = 0.008), the use of myelotoxic agents (OR 4.384, 95% CI 2.681–7.168, p < 0.001), and a low platelet count (OR 2.106, 95% CI 1.205–3.682, p = 0.009) were associated with poor mobilization. In patients with non-hematologic diseases, a history of radiation on the pelvis/spine was the sole associated factor (OR 12.200, 95% CI 1.934–76.956, p = 0.008). Among the group of patients who received plerixafor, poor mobilization was observed in 19 patients (19/134, 14.2%) and a difference in the mobilization regimen was noted among the good mobilization group. These results show that the risk factors for poor mobilization in patients with non-hematologic diseases and those receiving plerixafor differ from those in patients with hematologic diseases; as such, non-hematologic patients require special consideration to enable successful PBSCH.

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