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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Harmonization method“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Storme, Matthias E. „The Lando Method“. European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 3 (01.09.2020): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020027.
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In this contribution I try to describe the ‘Lando method’ for harmonization or model rules, based on the writings of Ole Lando himself and my own experience in the Lando Commission. Harmonization, contract law, European private law, restatements
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Yanti, Erba, und Maswani Maswani. „The Harmonization and Religious Tolerance Living in West Java: A Socioreligious Study of Plural Society“. HIKMATUNA: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies 8, Nr. 2 (02.01.2023): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v8i2.5975.
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Diversity and plurality are closely related fact with Indonesia. This plural society may generate two potential social conditions: harmonization and social conflicts. This study supports Talcott Parson’s Structural-Functional Theory that a good social system in a society, both structural and functional, could preserve harmonization between religions. This study aims to explore a socio-religious condition in Kampung Sawah Bekasi and Cigugur village by analyzing kinds of harmonization and religious living tolerance within the community and exploring each leader's effort to improve the harmonization and tolerance of religious living in a plural society. This study also used a phenomenologist qualitative method which used interviews, observation and documentation as data-gathering techniques. The research found that the harmonization and tolerance of Kampung Sawah Bekasi and Cibubur village community in religious living prevails with three main assets. They are social, cultural, and kinship. These harmonizations and tolerance of the community religious living in both places manifest in their good relationship, high social intimacy, tight brotherhood, high empathy, and helping each other because of kinship. It is also because of the efforts and the active role within the community from all levels, the community, the regional government and local figures. The role of religious leaders also enhanced these harmonizations and tolerance in both places in West Java as the controller, leader, facilitator and motivator. They helped each other to prioritize unity.
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Hall, Robert J., George R. Hall und Jack C. Cookerley. „Method and apparatus for animated harmonization“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, Nr. 6 (Juni 1989): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397300.
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Hall, George R., Robert J. Hall und Jack C. Cookerly. „Method and apparatus for improved automatic harmonization“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392941.
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PAZEKOVA, G. E. „Psychological Health Technologies: Ideatsionny Harmonization Method Person“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 4, Nr. 1 (13) (2011): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2011-4-1-79-82.
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Psychological technologies of health: ideational a way of harmonization of the person. Are shown innovative acmeological methods of improvement of the person. Results of empirical research of positive influence harmonious archetype on a functional condition of the individual and the importance uniform psytechnologies of health are presented.
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WAN, YANLI, ZHEN TANG, ZHENJIANG MIAO und BO LI. „IMAGE COMPOSITION WITH COLOR HARMONIZATION“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 26, Nr. 03 (Mai 2012): 1254001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001412540018.
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Image composition is a very important technique in computer generated imagery. Besides some factors such as contrast, texture and noise that affect the quality of the composition, color harmony between fore- and background is also an important factor that would affect the quality of the composition. However, in the previous image composition techniques, color harmony between fore- and background is seldom considered. In this paper, an optimization method is proposed to deal with the color harmonization problem that used in image composition. A cost function is derived from the local smoothness of the hue values, and the image is harmonized by minimizing the cost function. A new matching cost function is proposed to select the best matching harmonic schemes. Our approach overcomes several shortcomings of the existing color harmonization methods. We validate the performance of our method and demonstrate its effectiveness with a variety of experiments.
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Bohn, Mary Kathryn, und Khosrow Adeli. „Application of the TML method to big data analytics and reference interval harmonization“. Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, Nr. 2 (22.01.2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0133.
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Abstract Significant variation in reported reference intervals across healthcare centers and networks for many well-standardized laboratory tests continues to exist, negatively impacting patient outcomes by increasing the risk of inappropriate and inconsistent test result interpretation. Reference interval harmonization has been limited by challenges associated with direct reference interval establishment as well as hesitancies to apply currently available indirect methodologies. The Truncated Maximum Likelihood (TML) method for indirect reference interval establishment developed by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) presents unique clinical and statistical advantages compared to traditional indirect methods (Hoffmann and Bhattacharya), increasing the feasibility of developing indirect reference intervals that are comparable to those determined using a direct a priori approach based on healthy reference populations. Here, we review the application of indirect methods, particularly the TML method, to reference interval harmonization and discuss their associated advantages and disadvantages. We also describe the CSCC Reference Interval Harmonization Working Group’s experience with the application of the TML method in harmonization of adult reference intervals in Canada.
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Egan, Harold. „Method Validation: The Harmonization of Collaborative Analytical Studies“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, Nr. 3 (01.05.1986): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.3.392.
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Prama Yoga, I. Gusti Agung, Desak Rurik Pradnya Paramitha Nida und I. Wayan Chandra Adyatma. „Effectiveness of Tax Regulation Harmonization“. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, Nr. 10 (18.10.2022): 4571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i10-22.
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The tax harmonization law is one of the efforts to maximize state revenues after the pandemic. Effectiveness is assessed from the extent to which the HPP law is able to achieve the expectations it is intended for . This research was conducted in Bali, 2022 using a narrative FGD method involving the DGT, Tax Consultants, and Taxpayers as informants, and involving 50 respondents as samples to strengthen the results of the FGD. The result of this research is that the government's socialization regarding the HPP Law can be conveyed well. The HPP Law is not fully capable of increasing growth and supporting the acceleration of economic recovery, but it is one of the government's efforts by stimulating, subsidizing MSMEs and businesses engaged in the basic needs of the community. State revenues during the pandemic tend to decline in line with the global economic downturn. However, with the HPP Law, the government is able to achieve the target of acceptance, one of which is voluntary disclosure. The HPP Law is also able to realize a tax system that is fair and with legal certainty and can realize the implementation of administrative reforms, consolidated tax policies, and the expansion of the tax base, as well as increasing voluntary compliance. So the harmonization of tax regulations is effective.
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Tixier, F., V. Jaouen, C. Hognon, O. Gallinato, T. Colin und D. Visvikis. „Evaluation of conventional and deep learning based image harmonization methods in radiomics studies“. Physics in Medicine & Biology 66, Nr. 24 (07.12.2021): 245009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac39e5.
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Abstract Objective. To evaluate the impact of image harmonization on outcome prediction models using radiomics. Approach. 234 patients from the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS) dataset with T1 MRI were enrolled in this study. Images were harmonized to a reference image using histogram matching (HHM) and a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based method (HGAN). 88 radiomics features were extracted on HHM, HGAN and original (HNONE) images. Wilcoxon paired test was used to identify features significantly impacted by the harmonization protocol used. Radiomic prediction models were built using feature selection with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Main results. More than 50% of the features (49/88) were statistically modified by the harmonization with HHM and 55 with HGAN (adjusted p-value < 0.05). The contribution of histogram and texture features selected by the LASSO, in comparison to shape features that were not impacted by harmonization, was higher in harmonized datasets (47% for Hnone, 62% for HHM and 71% for HGAN). Both image-based harmonization methods allowed to split patients into two groups with significantly different survival (p<0.05). With the HGAN images, we were also able to build and validate a model using only features impacted by the harmonization (median survivals of 189 versus 437 days, p = 0.006) Significance. Data harmonization in a multi-institutional cohort allows to recover the predictive value of some radiomics features that was lost due to differences in the image properties across centers. In terms of ability to build survival prediction models in the BRATS dataset, the loss of power from impacted histogram and heterogeneity features was compensated by the selection of additional shape features. The harmonization using a GAN-based approach outperformed the histogram matching technique, supporting the interest for the development of new advanced harmonization techniques for radiomic analysis purposes.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Barrantes-Quiros, Silvia-Maria. „Practical Method for Locked-Wheel and CFME Friction Measurement Interconversion“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82057.
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Pavement friction have become a characteristic of interest due to its impact on road safety. The demand of the transportation agencies for equipment to measure the friction of their pavements grew. Different companies developed in parallel way different devices to satisfy that demand. This generate that the different transportation agencies are using different devices to measure the same characteristic. In order to determine a threshold for the adequate friction levels, the need to compare those data was created. Several attempts to harmonize those measurements have been developed, but have demonstrate that not produce harmonious results among some devices. Also, there are new equipment like the Continuous Friction Measurement Equipment (CFME) that offer some advantages compared to the traditional Locked Wheel Trailer (LWST) that also generate the need to compare historical data to the collected with the new device. This thesis is proposing an interconversion method between the measurements from a CFME as the SCRIM and the LWST.Master of Science
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Han, Sangpil. „A study on lighting control method for visual harmonization of daylighting and artificial lighting“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144908.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第11562号
工博第2508号
新制||工||1341(附属図書館)
23205
UT51-2005-D311
京都大学大学院工学研究科生活空間学専攻
(主査)教授 鉾井 修一, 教授 髙橋 大弐, 助教授 石田 泰一郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Delfino, Angelita. „Avaliação de investimentos pelo método de equivalência patrimonial: um estudo comparativo da aplicação das normas brasileiras, norte-americanas e internacionais“. Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2836.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever as semelhanças e diferenças observadas no processo de mensuração e tratamento contábil dos investimentos avaliados pelo método da equivalência patrimonial, mediante a aplicação das normas brasileiras (Lei S/A’s e CVM), internacionais (IASB) e norte-americanas (FASB). Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um referencial teórico compreendendo o exame de: a) informação contábil; b) governança corporativa; c) órgãos emissores de normas; d) harmonização contábil; e, e) critérios de avaliação de investimentos, este último incluindo o detalhamento do método da equivalência patrimonial. A pesquisa desenvolvida é de natureza aplicada, classificada quanto aos objetivos como descritiva e, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, fez-se uso do método comparativo. Os principais resultados encontrados a partir da análise dos dados (situações hipotéticas) revelam que: dos oito tópicos analisados três possuem tratamento idêntico nas três normas; três divergem na forma de avaliar ou registrar; e dois
This study aims at describing the similarities and the differences observed in the measuring and accounting treatment process of the investments valued by the equity method, through the application of the Brazilian rules (CVM), international rules (IASB) and north-American rules (FASB). For this purpose, a theoretical referential was developed, examining the following: a) accounting information; b) corporative governance; c) rule creators; d) accounting harmonization; e) criteria for evaluating investments, this one includes details of the equity method. The research developed is applied; classified according to the objectives as descriptive, and for the technical procedures the comparative method was used. The main results from the analysis of the data (fictitious situations) showed that: from the eight topics analyzed, three have the same treatment in the three different standards; three have differences when evaluating or registering; and two topics differ in part, however they have similarities.
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Li, Yingping. „Artificial intelligence and radiomics in cancer diagnosis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG053.
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L'intelligence artificielle (IA) est très utilisée pour le diagnostic et le traitement de données médicales, donnant lieu à la médecine personnalisée assistée par l'IA. Ce manuscrit se concentre sur la proposition et l'analyse de méthodes d'IA, notamment l'apprentissage profond et la radiomique, pour le diagnostic du cancer. Tout d'abord, une approche efficace de segmentation automatique est essentielle pour mettre en place une méthode de diagnostic par IA, car c'est un préalable à une analyse par radiomiques. Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour la segmentation automatique des lésions dans les images échographiques, basée sur des données multicentrique et multipathologique présentant différents types de cancers. En introduisant la convolution de groupe, nous avons proposé un réseau U-net léger en mémoire sans sacrifier les performances de segmentation. Deuxièmement, nous nous sommes intéressés au traitement de données d'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) pour prédire de manière non invasive le sous-type de gliome, défini par le grade de la tumeur, la mutation de l'isocitrate déshydrogénase (IDH) et la codélétion 1p/19q. Nous proposons une approche par radiomiques. La performance de prédiction s'est améliorée de manière significative en optimisant différents paramètres de notre modèle. Les caractéristiques des éléments radiomiques qui distinguent le mieux les sous-types de gliome ont également été analysées. Ce travail a non seulement fourni un pipeline qui fonctionne bien pour prédire le sous-type de gliome, mais il a également contribué au développement et à l'interprétabilité du modèle radiomique. Troisièmement, nous nous intéressons à la problématique de reproductibilité des approches basées sur les radiomiques. Nous avons donc étudié l'impact de différentes méthodes de prétraitement d'images et de méthodes d'harmonisation (y compris la normalisation de l'intensité et l'harmonisation ComBat) sur la reproductibilité des caractéristiques radiomiques en IRM. Nous avons montré que la méthode ComBat est essentielle pour éliminer la variation non biologique causée par les différents paramètres d'acquisition d'image (à savoir, les effets du scanner) et améliorer la reproductibilité des caractéristiques dans les études radiomiques. Nous avons illustré l'importance de la normalisation de l'intensité, car elle permet d'obtenir des images IRM plus comparables et des résultats plus robustes. Enfin, nous avons cherché à améliorer la méthode ComBat en modifiant l'hypothèse classique, à savoir que les effets du scanner sont différents pour différentes classes (comme les tumeurs et les tissus normaux). Bien que le modèle proposé donne des résultats encore décevants, sûrement en raison du manque de contraintes appropriées pour aider à identifier les paramètres, il a néanmoins ouvert la voie à des perspectives intéressantesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the research field of AI-assisted diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine. This manuscript focuses on the application of artificial intelligence methods including deep learning and radiomics in cancer diagnosis. First, effective image segmentation is essential for cancer diagnosis and further radiomics-based analysis. We proposed a new approach for automatic lesion segmentation in ultrasound images, based on a multicentric and multipathology dataset displaying different types of cancers. By introducing the group convolution, we proposed a lightweight U-net network without sacrificing the segmentation performance. Second, we processed the clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images to noninvasively predict the glioma subtype as defined by the tumor grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status. We proposed a radiomics-based approach. The prediction performance improved significantly by tuning different settings in the radiomics pipeline. The characteristics of the radiomic features that best distinguish the glioma subtypes were also analyzed. This work not only provided a radiomics pipeline that works well for predicting the glioma subtype, but it also contributed to the model development and interpretability. Third, we tackled the challenge of reproducibility in radiomics methods. We investigated the impact of different image preprocessing methods and harmonization methods (including intensity normalization and ComBat harmonization) on the radiomic feature reproducibility in MRI radiomics. The conclusion showed that ComBat method is essential to remove the nonbiological variation caused by different image acquisition settings (namely, scanner effects) and improve the feature reproducibility in radiomics studies. Meanwhile, intensity normalization is also recommended because it leads to more comparable MRI images and more robust harmonization results. Finally, we investigated improving the ComBat harmonization method by changing its assumption to a very common case that scanner effects are different for different classes (like tumors and normal tissues). Although the proposed model yielded disappointing results, surely due to the lack of enough proper constraints to help identify the parameters, it still paved the way for the development of new harmonization methods
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Lincoln-Kemp, Melissa. „Equivalence of international conference of harmonization guideline Q1B, option I and II photostability methods“. View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/rp/lincoln-kempm/melissalincoln-kemp.pdf.
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Stellan, Cecilia, und Sebastian Lorentsen. „Transfer pricing : råder harmonisering mellan Sverige och USA enligt OECDs riktlinjer?“ Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10416.
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Världsekonomin är i ständig tillväxt. Till följd av globaliseringen av ekonomin har allt fler multinationella koncerner etablerats. För att kunna effektivisera och vinstmaximera inom sina organisationer har multinationella bolag utnyttjat olika länders skattesystem. Det genom att förflytta sina vinster till skatteparadis eller andra länder med längre skatt för att på så vis uppnå ett högre resultat för koncernen i helhet. Det leder till att skattebaserna i länder med höga skattesatser eroderas. Av den anledningen har ett behov av en global accepterad standard rörande internprissättning uppkommit. Organisation for Economic Co-oporation and Development har gett ut riktlinjer som de anslutande medlemsländerna ska följa vilka går under namnet Transfer Pricing Gudelines For Multinational Enterprises And Tax Authorities. Riktlinjerna behandlar de viktigaste områdena inom internprissättning och består av totalt nio kapitel.Studien syftar till att undersöka om svensk respektive amerikansk lagstiftning och hänvisningar inom området internprissättning är harmoniserade. Detta med hänsyn till OECDs riktlinjer. För att ta reda på om länderna är harmoniserade inom området har en komparativ studie genomförts. I uppsatsen har en undersökning av kapitel 1, 2, 5, 8 ur OECDs riktlinjer utförts, vilka berör armlängdsprincipen, CCA, prissättningsmetoder och dokumentation. För att kunna avgöra om harmonisering råder inom samtliga områden har en kvalitativ metod använts för att kunna studera ekonomisk och juridisk litteratur. Det för att kunna lägga grund till den slutgiltiga analysen av empiri i form av lagtext och hänvisningar.Studien har bidragit med ökad kunskap för hur OECDs riktlinjer är utformade inom området. Genom djupare förståelse för dess utformning har det bidragit med en inblick i hur OECDs riktlinjer påverkar medlemsländernas utformning av sina hänvisningar och lagstiftningar inom internprissättning. Vid granskning av OECDs utformning inom samtliga områden som tas med i studien har en analys kunnat genomföras för att se hur dessa implementerats inom de två medlemsländerna som är utvalda i studien. Studien har dessutom bidragit med en ökad förståelse för hur de svenska respektive amerikanska hänvisningarna och lagstiftningarna ser ut inom området.Uppsatsen resulterar i att harmonisering råder mellan Sverige och USA inom området internprissättning. Genom analysering av lagar och hänvisningar har stora likheter kunnat urskiljas i enighet med OECDs riktlinjer. Vid genomförandet av studien har viss olikhet och differentiering i utformandet kunnat identifieras men inte i tillräckligt stor utsträckning för att kunna påverka vår slutsats om att det råder harmonisering mellan Sverige och USA i enighet med OECD.The world economy is in constant growth. As a result of the globalization of the economy, more multinational enterprises have established. In order to streamline and maximize profits within their organizations, multinational companies have exploited various countries tax bases. By moving their profits to tax havens or other countries with lower tax rates they achieve higher earnings for the business as a group. Which leads to that the tax bases in countries with high tax rates will be eroded. Because of this a need for a globally accepted standard on Transfer pricing arise. Organisation for Economic Co-oporation and Development has issued guidelines that acceding member states should follow which is known as Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Authorities. The OECD guidelines consist of nine chapters and address the key areas of Transfer pricing.This study aims to examine the Swedish and US laws and references to see if they are harmonized in the field of transfer pricing in regard with the OECD guidelines. To find out if the countries are harmonized within the region a comparative study has been select. In the study, a survey of Chapters 1, 2, 5, 8 of the OECD Guidelines were performed, which contains the arm's length principle, CCA, transfer pricing methods and documentation. In order to determine whether harmonization exists, a qualitative method has been used to study economic and legal literatures to lay the foundation for the final analysis of empirical data in the form of legal texts and references.This study has contributed to increased knowledge of how the OECD Guidelines are designed in the area. Through a deeper understanding of its design, it has given a glimpse of how the OECD guidelines affect the member countries design on their references and laws in the area of transfer pricing. Upon review of the OECDs guidelines of all the areas included in the study, an analysis has been carried out to see how these are implemented in the two member states that are selected in this thesis. The study has also contributed to a better understanding of how the Swedish and American references and legislation are implemented in the field.The thesis results in that harmonization exists between Sweden and the United States within the area of transfer pricing. By analyzing the laws and references great similarities have discernible in unity with the OECD guidelines. In the implementation of the study some diversity and differentiation in the design have been identified, but not sufficiently to affect our conclusion that there is harmonization between the United States and Sweden in unity with the OECD guidelines.This paper is hereinafter written in Swedish.
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Capo-Chichi, Videkon Fantine. „L’autorité juridictionnelle de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et de la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage de l’OHADA“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22023.
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Le Traité sur l’Union Européenne assigne à la Cour de Justice la mission de veiller au respect du droit dans l’application et l’interprétation des traités. A ce titre, elle interprète le droit de l’Union de manière à garantir une application uniforme du droit dans tous les Etats membres. De même, la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage (CCJA) est chargée, conformément au Traité relatif à l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA), d’assurer dans les Etats Parties, l'interprétation et l'application communes du droit uniforme. Ces cours de justice partagent avec les juridictions nationales l’application judiciaire du droit né des traités. Mais les traités n’ont pas réalisé une fusion du système juridictionnel qu’ils ont créé avec celui des Etats membres et, une hiérarchie juridictionnelle n’a pas été établie entre la Cour de justice et les juridictions nationales. Se pose alors la question des moyens par lesquels ces cours de justice arrivent à imposer une application uniforme du droit dans les Etats membres. Après analyse, on relève qu’à travers l’attribution des pouvoirs juridictionnels, les traités ont conféré une autorité supranationale à la Cour de justice européenne et la Cour de justice de l’OHADA. En plus de cette autorité conférée qu’elles ne se contentent pas d’entretenir à l’égard des juridictions nationales, elles génèrent aussi de l’autorité dans le cadre de leur activité juridictionnelle. Ainsi, ces cours œuvrent pour une meilleure intégration régionale. De leur propre gré, elles n’hésitent pas à adopter des positions impérieuses de plus en plus conquérantes. Ce phénomène fait donc évoluer la conception classique des sources de l’autorité de ces cours. La CCJA bénéficie des prérogatives les plus offensives d’origine textuelle, au contraire de la Cour de justice européenne qui, quant à elle, apparaît plus conquérante dans sa jurisprudenceAccording to the treaty on the European Union, the Court of justice ensures that, in the interpretation and application of the treaties the law is observed. As such, it interprets EU law to make sure it is applied in the same way in all EU countries. In the same way, the treaty of the Organization for the Harmonization of the Business Law in Africa (OHBLA) has conferred to the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) the power to rule on, in the contracting states, the interpretation and enforcement of the treaty. Both regional courts share with national courts the power to apply the law resulting from the treaties.But there has not been a fusion of the judicial system of the member states and the community judicial system. No judicial hierarchy has been established between community courts and national courts. This brings the question of by which means the regional courts can enforce the uniform application of the law in the member states. After analysis, it appears that by granting jurisdictional power, the treaties gave a supranational authority to the European Court of Justice and the CCJA. In addition to the power granted to them, the courts also generate authority through their jurisdictional activities. Thus, the courts work for a better integration of the judicial systems by adopting more and more conquering authoritarian positions. This phenomenon has led to a change in the classical conception of the sources of power of the courts. The CCJA enjoys more power from treaties than the European Court of Justice which is more offensive in case law setting
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Gumede, Njabulo Joyfull. „Harmonization of internal quality tasks in analytical laboratories case studies : water analysis methods using polarographic and voltammetric techniques“. Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/431.
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Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Masters Degree in Technology: Chemistry, in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Durban University of Technology, 2008.In this work, a holistic approach to validate analytical methods was assessed by virtue of Monte Carlo simulations. This approach involves a statement of the methodsâ s scope (i.e. analytes, matrices and concentration levels) and requisites (internal or external); selection of the methodâ s (fit-for-purpose) features; pre-validation and validation of the intermediate accuracy and its assessment by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Validation of the other methodâ s features and a validity statement in terms of a â fit-for-purposeâ decision making, harmonized validation-control-uncertainty statistics and short-term routine work with the aim of proposing virtually â ready-to-useâ methods. The protocol could be transferred to other methods. The main aim is to harmonize the work to be done by research teams and routine laboratories assuming that different aims, strategies and practical viewpoints exist. As a result, the recommended protocol should be seen as a starting point. It is necessary to propose definitive (harmonized) protocols that must be established by international normalisation/accreditation entities. The Quality Assurance (Method verification and Internal Quality Control, IQC) limits, as well as sample uncertainty were estimated consistently with the validated accuracy statistics i.e. E U (E) and RSDi + U (RSDi). Two case studies were used to assess Monte Carlo simulation as a tool for method validation in analytical laboratories, the first involves an indirect polarographic method for determining nitrate in waste water and the second involves a direct determination of heavy metals in sea water by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, as an example of the application of the protocol. In this sense the uncertainty obtained could be used for decision making purposes as it is very tempting to use uncertainty as a commercial argument and in this work it has been shown that the smaller the uncertainty, the better the measurement of the instrument or the laboratoryâ s reputation.
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Fernandes, Sónia Raquel Baptista. „How does the market view interests in jointly controlled entities?“ Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3725.
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Este estudo tem como objectivo de analisar a forma como os investidores avaliam os investimentos financeiros das entidades, nomeadamente em entidades conjuntamente controladas. Para isso, irá ser analisado se os activos e passivos deste tipo de entidades são semelhantes aos activos e passivos das empresas detentoras deste tipo de investimentos ou se são considerados que os riscos e benefícios associados activos e passivos estão apenas subjacentes às entidades conjuntamente controladas.
De forma a analisar esta questão irá ser utilizado um modelo de valorização utilizado pelo Landsman et al. (2008). Neste modelo são incluídos indicadores como os activos, passivos e resultado liquido das empresas detentoras de investimentos em entidades conjuntamente controladas, assim como, os activos e passivos das entidades conjuntamente controladas.
Os resultados são baseados em comparações de coeficientes dos activos e passivos. Os resultados apontam que os investidores avaliam os activos e passivos das entidades conjuntamente controladas de forma semelhante aos activos e passivos da empresa detentora deste tipo de investimentos, o que vem sustentar adopção do modelo proporcional ao invés da equivalência patrimonial. Consequentemente, este estudo fornece uma forte contribuição para o debate internacional que existe neste momento relativo a esta matéria, nomeadamente ao projecto de convergência do International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), que procura remover a opção existente na International Accounting Standard 31 (2003), Interests in Joint Ventures (IAS 31), entre o método proporcional e equivalência patrimonial para entidades conjuntamente controladas.This study addresses whether the market views the venturers share of jointly controlled entities assets and liabilities as assets and liabilities of the venturer or whether the risks and rewards associated with the venturers’ share of jointly controlled entities assets and liabilities reside with the jointly controlled entities. We estimate a cross-sectional valuation model based on that used in Landsman et al. (2008). The key valuation model is one that includes measures of the venturer’s assets, liabilities and net income and also measures of the venturer’s share of jointly controlled entities’ assets and liabilities. Findings are based on comparisons of asset and liability coefficients. They suggest that investors view the venturer’s share of jointly controlled entities assets and liabilities similarly to the assets and liabilities of the venturer and thus support the adoption of proportionate consolidation as a feasible alternative to the equity method. Therefore, it provides a useful contribution to the international debate on this issue, including to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) joint convergence project to find a consensual solution and remove the option of accounting for interests in jointly controlled entities from International Accounting Standard 31 (2003), Interests in Joint Ventures (IAS 31).
Bücher zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Beke, Jeno. International accounting harmonization: Adopting universal information methods for a global financial system. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
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Apling, A. J. CEC harmonization of methods for measurement of NOx: Phase 2 - preparation for a Community-wide experiment. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Information Market and Innovation, 1985.
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Kozhuhar', Galina, Nikita Kochetkov, Tat'yana Krasilo, Aleksandra Novgorodceva, Alla Pogodina, Marianna Sachkova, Tamara Schastnaya und Lidiya Shneyder. Social psychology of education. Practicum. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014623.
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The workshop presents classic and original author's methods that can be effectively used in project and research work, in consulting practice, in the development of academic disciplines that consider the issues of harmonization of interaction in the educational environment.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For practical classroom and extracurricular activities of undergraduate students studying in the areas of "Psychology" and "Psychological and pedagogical education", as well as for teachers of psychology, pedagogy and psychological and pedagogical disciplines, graduate students and researchers of the relationship of subjects of the educational space.
The workshop is addressed to undergraduate students of higher educational institutions who are preparing for professional activities related to the solution of socio-psychological problems of education, upbringing, communication in educational institutions, as well as child-parent and marital relations.
Для практических аудиторных и внеаудиторных занятий студентов бакалавриата, обучающихся по направлениям «Психология» и «Психолого-педагогическое образование», а также для преподавателей психологии, педагогики и психолого-педагогических дисциплин, аспирантов и исследователей взаимоотношений субъектов образовательного пространства.
Практикум адресован студентам бакалавриата высших учебных заведений, которые готовятся к профессиональной деятельности, связанной с решением социально-психологических проблем обучения, воспитания, общения в образовательных учреждениях, а также детско-родительских и супружеских отношений.
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Jean-Marie, Robine, und Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France), Hrsg. Calculation of health expectancies : harmonization, consensus achieved and future perspectives: 6th REVES International Workshop = Calcul des espérances de vie en santé : harmonisation, acquis et perspectives : 6e réunion internationale de REVES, Montpellier, France, Octobre 1992. Paris, France: Editions INSERM, 1993.
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Kanellou, Anastassia. Methodological approach for the harmonization of household budget surveys' food data: A comparison among the German, Greek and Hungarian population = Methode und Verfahren zur Harmonisierung der Lebensmittel Verbrauchsdaten von Privathaushalten in der EU : ein Vergleich auf der Basis der amtlichen Wirtschaftsrechnungen von Deutschland, Griechenland und Ungarn. Giessen: Fachverlag Köhler, 1999.
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Jean-Marie, Robine, und Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France), Hrsg. Calculation of health expectancies: Harmonization, consensus achieved and future perspectives : 6th REVES international workshop, Montpellier (France), Octobre 1992 = Calcul des espérances de vie en santé : harmonisation, acquis et perspectives : 6e réunion internationale de REVES, Montpellier (France), Octobre 1992. Paris: Ed. INSERM, 1993.
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Borin, Lars, Karin Friberg Heppin und Dana Dannélls. Swedish FrameNet++: Harmonization, Integration, Method Development and Practical Language Technology Applications. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2021.
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Borin, Lars, Karin Friberg Heppin und Dana Dannélls. Swedish FrameNet++: Harmonization, Integration, Method Development and Practical Language Technology Applications. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2021.
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Craig, Paul, und Gráinne de Búrca. 6. Decision-Making and New Forms of Governance. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0006.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter introduces the debate over new modes of decision-making and governance in the EU, and provides an account of the apparent shift towards greater use of these over time. The language of ‘new’ forms of governance in the EU refers to the move away from reliance on hierarchical modes towards more flexible modes as the preferred method of governing. A number of examples of new governance instruments and methods are provided, in particular the ‘new approach to harmonization’ and the ‘open method of coordination’. A number of other EU governance reform initiatives related to the new governance debate are also discussed, such as the subsidiarity and proportionality principles, the ‘better regulation’ initiative, and the Commission White Paper on Governance and its follow-up.
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Shinn, Frederick George. A Method of Teaching Harmony: Based Upon Systematic Ear-training and Upon the Harmonization of Unfigured Basses, Figured Basses and Melodies, and the Construction of Harmonic Progressions by the Pupil. Franklin Classics, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Cucinotta, Filippo, Marcello Raffaele und Fabio Salmeri. „A Topology Optimization Method for Stochastic Lattice Structures“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 235–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_38.
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AbstractStochastic lattice structures are very powerful solutions for filling three-dimensional spaces using a generative algorithm. They are suitable for 3D printing and are well appropriate to structural optimization and mass distribution, allowing for high-performance and low-weight structures. The paper shows a method, developed in the Rhino-Grasshopper environment, to distribute lattice structures until a goal is achieved, e.g. the reduction of the weight, the harmonization of the stresses or the limitation of the strain. As case study, a cantilever beam made of Titan alloy, by means of SLS technology has been optimized. The results of the work show the potentiality of the methodology, with a very performing structure and low computational efforts.
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Schönreiter, Irene. „Mixed Methods Approach as Requirements Analysis of a Method for Process Harmonization in Design Science Research“. In Business Information Systems Workshops, 675–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04849-5_57.
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Beke, Jeno. „Effects of Universal Information Methods on Company Performance“. In International Accounting Harmonization, 119–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137374349_7.
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Granda, Peter. „Data Harmonization, Data Documentation, and Dissemination“. In Advances in Comparative Survey Methods, 931–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118884997.ch42.
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Janetzki, Sylvia, und Cedrik M. Britten. „The Impact of Harmonization on ELISPOT Assay Performance“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 25–36. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-325-7_2.
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Kamath, Gireesh H., und K. S. Rao. „Genotoxicity Guidelines Recommended by International Conference of Harmonization (ICH)“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 431–58. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-529-3_24.
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Barroso, João, Il Young Ahn, Cristiane Caldeira, Paul L. Carmichael, Warren Casey, Sandra Coecke, Rodger Curren et al. „International Harmonization and Cooperation in the Validation of Alternative Methods“. In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 343–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_14.
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Angov, Evelina, Patricia M. Legler und Ryan M. Mease. „Adjustment of Codon Usage Frequencies by Codon Harmonization Improves Protein Expression and Folding“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 1–13. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-967-3_1.
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Favaloro, Emmanuel J., Soma Mohammed, Ronny Vong und Leonardo Pasalic. „Harmonization of Hemostasis Testing Across a Large Laboratory Network: An Example from Australia“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 71–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_5.
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Chashechkin, Yuli D. „Differential Fluid Mechanics—Harmonization of Analytical, Numerical and Laboratory Models of Flows“. In Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, 61–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23564-6_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Huo, Xing, und Jieqing Tan. „An Improved Method for Color Harmonization“. In 2009 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2009.5304408.
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Gremes, Juan, Nicola Palavecino, Lucas Seeber und Santiago Herrero. „Synthetic Voice Harmonization: A Fast and Precise Method“. In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ism.2015.122.
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Wojtowicz, T. „Calibration of Surface Damage by the Comparator Method“. In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1992.tua5.
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The growing volume value of trade in optical and opto-electronic components, which is influenced by localised surface quality, has highlighted the need for harmonization of the different approaches for its measurement currently in use around the world.
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San Marchi, Chris, Junichiro Yamabe, Martina Schwarz, Hisao Matsunaga, Stefan Zickler, Saburo Matsuoka und Hideo Kobayashi. „Global Harmonization of Fatigue Life Testing in Gaseous Hydrogen“. In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84898.
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Methods to qualify materials for hydrogen service are needed in the global marketplace to enable sustainable, low-carbon energy technologies, such as hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. Existing requirements for qualifying materials are not adequate to support growth of hydrogen technology as well as being inconsistent with the growing literature on the effects of hydrogen on fracture and fatigue. This report documents an internationally coordinated effort to develop a test method for qualifying materials for high-pressure hydrogen fuel system onboard fuel cell electric vehicles. In particular, consistency of fatigue life testing strategies is discussed. Fatigue life tests were conducted at three different institutes in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen (90 MPa) at low temperature (233K) to confirm consistency across distinct testing platforms. The testing campaign includes testing of both smooth and notched axial fatigue specimens at various combinations of pressure and temperature. Collectively these testing results provide insight to the sensitivity of fatigue life testing to important testing parameters such as pressure, temperature and the presence of stress concentrations.
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Fang, Shan, Xiangmo Zhao, Lan Yang, Fei Hui, Zhigang Xu und Tianqi Wang. „Analysis of Traffic Oscillation Mechanism and Harmonization Method of Speed Optimization at Signalized Intersection“. In 19th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482292.268.
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„A LIGHTWEIGHT ELEMENT MATCHING METHOD FOR INDUSTRIAL TERMINOLOGY HARMONIZATION - Exploiting Minimal Semantics based on Naming Conventions“. In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003640803900395.
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Tomczak, Michał, und Piotr Jaśkowski. „The method of scheduling construction projects increasing the use of resources of the general contractor“. In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.019.
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In carrying out construction projects, enterprises strive to obtain the highest degree of harmonization of the work of the resources involved. It is manifested in ensuring continuous and regular production with a full usage of their executive potential. The purpose of harmonization is to eliminate unjustified interruptions in the work of resources. When planning the realization of non-repetitive construction projects, one should use methods of scheduling that allow the analysis of the project model not only as a function of time. It is also important to take into account the effectiveness of using your own resources and limitations in their availability. The article analyzes the problem of harmonizing the work of crews of the general contractor, performing non-rhythmic, non-cyclical and inhomogeneous processes under the assumption of deterministic operating conditions. An important issue from the point of view of reducing the costs of crews’ employment is the continuity of their work. A mathematical model was developed concerning the problem of minimization of downtime in the work of the general contractor crews with a directively fixed time and limit of the project realization cost, taking into account the limitations in the availability of crews and the possibility to outsource works to subcontractors. The possibility of subcontracting works does not allow for a clear indication in the project model sequences of processes carried out by crews and the usage of previously developed scheduling methods. The method of solving the model (in a linear form with continuous and binary variables) is presented in the example. Additionally, the proposed method allows analyzing the impact of the amount of downtime at work on the duration of the project and the impact of the work outsourced to subcontractors on the continuity of the general contractor’s work.
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Yanev, Rysi, und Svetlana Nikoloska. „LEGAL AND CRIMINALISTIC FEATURES OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA“. In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p07.
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Money laundering is incriminated in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of North Macedonia as a separate criminal offense. The subject of this paper is the analysis of criminal acts with elements of money laundering to the two criminal legislations in order to obtain information about which criminal acts are incriminated, and the status of possible perpetrators. The evaluation of criminal acts based on the harmonization according to the Recommendations of international conventions and other legal documents will be thoroughly analyzed. Criminalistic characteristics will be analyzed from the aspect of the used techniques and money laundering schemes, which are detected in the two countries based on the analysis of the criminalistic practice. The normative method and the method of content analysis as well as case analysis of criminalistics practice will be used. Keywords: money laundering, criminal acts, criminal legal characteristics, criminalistic characteristics, harmonization.
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Chernenko, Anna D., Maria Sergeevna Ashapkina, Victoria Alexandrovna Sablina und Alexey Viktorovich Alpatov. „Physical Activity Set Selection for Emotional State Harmonization Based on Facial Micro-Expression Analysis“. In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-678-687.
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A new approach to harmonize a human emotional state is proposed. It is based on timely revealing and working through hidden negative emotions. The main ideas proving the possibility to implement this approach are described. The experimental investigation results for selected methods of revealing hidden negative emotions and working them through are represented. The video sequences reproducing emotions are used as input data. The ultimate research aim is the software system construction for the human emotional state harmonization. The effect of using such a system will be maintaining the health and increasing the quality of life of the modern human. The basic functions of this system are highlighted. The problem of repressing emotions and its possible negative consequences for the health are considered. The possibility of revealing repressed emotions from facial micro-expressions is justified. The main stages of the micro-facial movement detection by hybrid methods are considered in details. Each stage results are illustrated using the software pipeline developed in the previous research. It is proposed to work through revealed negative emotions by executing the individually selected physical activity set. The problem of the execution accuracy control of these exercises when working without assistance is considered. The health-improving exercise model is represented. The possibility of recording the motion trajectory using a smartphone software solution is shown. The method of the motion execution accuracy estimation on the basis of dynamic time warping is described. The development and implementation prospects of the proposed approach based on a smartphone software solution are justified.
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Chan, S., P. Thonginta, P. Nopphawan und I. Oktavianti. „Sparse Data Proxy Actuation for the Electrical Grid: Proxy Utilization with a Q-Input Harmonization Method for System Estimation“. In 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2019.8936261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Harmonization method"
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Leavy, Michelle B., Costas Boussios, Robert L. Phillips, Jr., Diana Clarke, Barry Sarvet, Aziz Boxwala und Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Final Report. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressionfinal.
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Objective. The objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility and value of collecting harmonized depression outcome measures in the patient registry and health system settings, displaying the outcome measures to clinicians to support individual patient care and population health management, and using the resulting measures data to support patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). Methods. The harmonized depression outcome measures selected for this project were response, remission, recurrence, suicide ideation and behavior, adverse effects of treatment, and death from suicide. The measures were calculated in the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, and displayed on the registry dashboards for the participating pilot sites. At the conclusion of the data collection period (March 2020-March 2021), registry data were analyzed to describe implementation of measurement-based care and outcomes in the primary care and behavioral health care settings. To calculate and display the measures in the health system setting, a Substitutable Medical Apps, Reusable Technology (SMART) on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) application was developed and deployed at Baystate Health. Finally a stakeholder panel was convened to develop a prioritized research agenda for PCOR in depression and to provide feedback on the development of a data use and governance toolkit. Results. Calculation of the harmonized outcome measures within the PRIME Registry and PsychPRO was feasible, but technical and operational barriers needed to be overcome to ensure that relevant data were available and that the measures were meaningful to clinicians. Analysis of the registry data demonstrated that the harmonized outcome measures can be used to support PCOR across care settings and data sources. In the health system setting, this project demonstrated that it is technically and operationally feasible to use an open-source app to calculate and display the outcome measures in the clinician’s workflow. Finally, this project produced tools and resources to support future implementations of harmonized measures and use of the resulting data for research, including a prioritized research agenda and data use and governance toolkit. Conclusion. Standardization of outcome measures across patient registries and routine clinical care is an important step toward creating robust, national-level data infrastructure that could serve as the foundation for learning health systems, quality improvement initiatives, and research. This project demonstrated that it is feasible to calculate the harmonized outcome measures for depression in two patient registries and a health system setting, display the results to clinicians to support individual patient management and population health, and use the outcome measures data to support research. This project also assessed the value and burden of capturing the measures in different care settings and created standards-based tools and other resources to support future implementations of harmonized outcome measures in depression and other clinical areas. The findings and lessons learned from this project should serve as a roadmap to guide future implementations of harmonized outcome measures in depression and other clinical areas.
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Leavy, Michelle B., Danielle Cooke, Sarah Hajjar, Erik Bikelman, Bailey Egan, Diana Clarke, Debbie Gibson, Barbara Casanova und Richard Gliklich. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Report on Registry Configuration. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcregistryoutcome.
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Background: Major depressive disorder is a common mental disorder. Many pressing questions regarding depression treatment and outcomes exist, and new, efficient research approaches are necessary to address them. The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the feasibility and value of capturing the harmonized depression outcome measures in the clinical workflow and submitting these data to different registries. Secondary objectives include demonstrating the feasibility of using these data for patient-centered outcomes research and developing a toolkit to support registries interested in sharing data with external researchers. Methods: The harmonized outcome measures for depression were developed through a multi-stakeholder, consensus-based process supported by AHRQ. For this implementation effort, the PRIME Registry, sponsored by the American Board of Family Medicine, and PsychPRO, sponsored by the American Psychiatric Association, each recruited 10 pilot sites from existing registry sites, added the harmonized measures to the registry platform, and submitted the project for institutional review board review Results: The process of preparing each registry to calculate the harmonized measures produced three major findings. First, some clarifications were necessary to make the harmonized definitions operational. Second, some data necessary for the measures are not routinely captured in structured form (e.g., PHQ-9 item 9, adverse events, suicide ideation and behavior, and mortality data). Finally, capture of the PHQ-9 requires operational and technical modifications. The next phase of this project will focus collection of the baseline and follow-up PHQ-9s, as well as other supporting clinical documentation. In parallel to the data collection process, the project team will examine the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract information on PHQ-9 scores, adverse events, and suicidal behaviors from unstructured data. Conclusion: This pilot project represents the first practical implementation of the harmonized outcome measures for depression. Initial results indicate that it is feasible to calculate the measures within the two patient registries, although some challenges were encountered related to the harmonized definition specifications, the availability of the necessary data, and the clinical workflow for collecting the PHQ-9. The ongoing data collection period, combined with an evaluation of the utility of natural language processing for these measures, will produce more information about the practical challenges, value, and burden of using the harmonized measures in the primary care and mental health setting. These findings will be useful to inform future implementations of the harmonized depression outcome measures.
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Crespi, Gustavo, Charlotte Guillard, Mónica Salazar und Fernando Vargas. Open configuration options Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys Database (LAIS): Firm-Level Microdata for the Study of Innovation. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004057.
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This paper provides the methods through which the first version of the harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys database (LAIS) was built. LAIS, which is made freely available through the Inter-American Development Bank, contains nearly 690 variables and 119,900 observations at the firm level from 30 national innovation surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017 in 10 Latin American countries, increasing the number of countries of the region with publicly available microdata. This paper describes how, starting from significantly different survey methods and questionnaires between countries, criteria were applied to identify and select variables from different surveys measuring the same underlying concept. It also discusses and guides how differences in survey methodologies may affect comparisons even after the harmonization of variables. LAIS includes data on innovation activities expenditures, sources of information and collaborations for innovation, innovation obstacles, outputs and effects, protection of innovation results, and general firm characteristics. Since LAIS significantly decreases the cost of making data comparisons between countries, it will allow more scholars to research innovation in Latin American firms and to tackle long-standing unanswered questions about the importance of framework conditions in LAC for innovation decisions in firms.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.
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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.