Zeitschriftenartikel: „Harborne“

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Bell, E. Arthur. „Jeffrey Barry Harborne (1928–2002)“. Phytochemistry 61, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2002): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00380-1.

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Wilhelmova, N. „Dey, P.M., Harborne, J.B. (ed.): Plant Biochemistry“. Photosynthetica 35, Nr. 2 (01.03.1997): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006991613809.

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Grayer, Renée J., und Christine A. Williams. „Jeffrey B. Harborne (1928–2002) – An appreciation“. Phytochemistry 68, Nr. 22-24 (November 2007): 2708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.027.

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4

Swain, Tony. „Plant Chemosystematics. J. B. Harborne , B. L. Turner“. Quarterly Review of Biology 60, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1985): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/414612.

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5

Prebble, John N. „Jeffrey Barry Harborne. 1 September 1928 — 21 July 2002“. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 56 (Januar 2010): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2010.0012.

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Jeffrey Harborne made a major contribution to the discipline of phytochemistry. Originally an organic chemist, he became an academic leader in the biochemistry of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids and also other plant phenols. He contributed significantly to areas at the interface between chemistry and traditional areas of plant science, systematics and ecology. His early research was influential on the rise in importance of both plant chemotaxonomy and biochemical ecology.

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Lewis, Walter H. „Plant Chemosystematics. J. B. Harborne and B. L. Turner“. Economic Botany 39, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1985): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02858750.

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Crawford, Dan. „Hybrid Discipline Plant Chemosystematics J. B. Harborne B. L. Turner“. BioScience 36, Nr. 10 (November 1986): 678–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310393.

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Cooper-Driver, Gillian A. „Contributions of Jeffrey Harborne and co-workers to the study of anthocyanins“. Phytochemistry 56, Nr. 3 (Februar 2001): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00455-6.

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Herawati, Herawati, Yuniarti Yuniarti und Wiwin Tyas Istikowati. „UJI FITOKIMIA PADA TUMBUHAN OBAT JUNGRAHAB (Baeckea frutescens L.)“. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 5, Nr. 3 (30.06.2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v5i3.5714.

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This study aims to qualitatively identify active compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins and quinons in jungrahab including the roots, stems, bark and leaves. Phytochemical screening methods (Harborne, 1987) as a phytochemical test. The results of research on jungrahab containing alkaloid compounds were found in the roots and stems, bark and leaves, which did not contain alkaloid compounds. Flavonoid compounds from the four parts were not detected by active compounds. Steroid and triterpenoid compounds were not detected in the roots and stems, but were found in the skin and leaves. Tannins and saponins were detected from all parts of the roots to the leaves. Quinone compounds were detected in the roots, bark and leaves, but not found in the stemsPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa-senyawa aktif yaitu Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Triterpenoids, Tannins, Saponins, dan Quinons secara kualitatif pada jungrahab meliputi bagian akar, batang, kulit dan daun. Method screening fitokimia (Harborne, 1987) sebagai pengujian fitokimia. Hasil penelitian pada jungrahab bagian yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid ditemukan pada bagian akar dan bagian batang, kulit dan daun tidak mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Senyawa flavonoid dari keempat bagian tidak terdeteksi senyawa aktif. Senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid tidak terdeteksi di bagian akar dan batang, namun ditemukan dibagian kulit dan daun. Senyawa tanin dan saponin terdeteksi semua bagian akar sampai daun. Senyawa quinon terdeteksi di bagian akar, kulit dan daun namun di bagian batang tidak ditemukan.

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Bolwell, G. Paul. „Plethora of polyphenolsPlant Phenolics(1989). Edited by J. B. Harborne. Volume 1 inMethods in Plant Biochemistry(P. M. Dey and J. B. Harborne, Eds). Academic Press: London. Pp. 552, £65“. BioEssays 12, Nr. 9 (September 1990): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950120911.

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Maliangkay, Hendra Pratama, Rolef Rumondor und Mario Walean. „PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BITUNG TREE SEEDS (Baringtonia asiatica L.)“. Indonesian Biodiversity Journal 2, Nr. 3 (28.08.2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/ibj.v2i3.4989.

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This study aims to obtain data on the phytochemical content of the methanol extract of Baringtonia asiatica. Obtain data on the phytochemical content of the B. asiatica clorform extract. This research was carried out in the Biology laboratory and Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Manado. The study consisted of extraction and phytochemical analysis using the Harborne method, the results showed that from the extraction process the highest yield was obtained in extracts with n-hexane solvent, then chloroform and methanol. The results of phytochemical analysis show that saponins are the phytochemical group with the strongest intensity found compared to other phytochemical groups. Furthermore, flavonoids were found in high intensity also in the analyzed samples.

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Bolwell, G. Paul, Norman G. Lewis, Dieter Strack und Phytochemistry Regional Editors. „Appreciation and communications in honour of the retirement of Jeffrey Harborne FRS as Editor of Phytochemistry“. Phytochemistry 56, Nr. 3 (Februar 2001): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00465-9.

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Tapotubun, Alfonsina Marthina, Fredrik Rieuwpassa, Unang Supratman und Beni Setha. „Effect of Different Drying Methods on Phytochemical Content of Caulerpa lentillifera from Kei Islands“. International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, Nr. 6 (2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120614.

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Seaweed, Caulerpa sp., is one of the natural materials that contain many kinds of bioactive compounds depending on species and habitat. The aim of this study was to know the effect of sun drying method on the phytochemical content of C. lentillifera from Kei Islands waters, Southeast Moluccas. The study consisted of several steps,C. lentillifera sample collection using sampling purposive method, direct sun drying and indirect wind drying methods, methanol extraction, and phytochemical test using Harborne method. Crude extract of C. lentillifera in indirect wind drying method was higher than that in direct sun drying. Alkaloid, terpenoid and steroid were found in C. lentillifera from Kei Islands on both drying methods. Saponin was only found in indirect wind drying method. Phenolic compounds were not found in C. lentillifera samples from both drying methods

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Farida Aryani, Nur Maulida Sari, Anis Syauqi, Periani Paurru und Ahmad Zamroni. „Penapisan Fitokimia Limbah Padat Penyulingan Minyak Nilam (Pogestemon heyneatus)“. Buletin Loupe 18, Nr. 02 (30.12.2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/buletinloupe.v18i02.1889.

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Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri. Dengan meningkatnya produksi minyak nilam, volume penyulingan minyak nilam semakin tinggi akan menyebabkan kuantitas limbah nilam pada industri penyulingan minyak nilam pun semakin banyak. Besarnya volume limbah hasil penyulingan minyak nilam seringkali menjadi masalah bagi pihak industri usaha penyulingan sendiri maupun lingkungan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa metabolit sekunder yang masih terkandung dalam limbah penyulingan minyak nilam. Ekstraksi limbah penyulingan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 95 % selama 48 jam. Analisis fitokimia yang dilakukan menggunakan metode (Harborne, 1998) dan (Kokate, 2001). Hasil pengujian metabolit sekunder menunjukkan ekstrak nilam dari limbah penyulingan mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan steroid. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat menjadi rujukan dilakukannya kajian bioaktivitas lanjutan pada ekstrak limbah padat penyulingan minyak nilam.

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Marcella, Agnes, Frans Ferdinal, David Limanan und Eny Yulianti. „Skrining fitokimia serta uji toksisitas pada ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus sp.)“. Tarumanagara Medical Journal 5, Nr. 2 (31.10.2023): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v5i2.24801.

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Radikal bebas merupakan suatu molekul yang sangat reaktif yang dapat mengoksidasi dan mengubah molekul di sekitar. Molekul yang teroksidasi dapat menjadi radikal bebas dan akan merusak jaringan di sekitarnya serta mengancam kelangsungan hidup sel. Antioksidan menyumbangkan elektron kepada radikal bebas dan membantu mempertahankannya dalam tingkat fisiologis. Stres oksidatif terjadi jika terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan sehingga untuk mengimbangi kekurangan antioksidan tersebut, tubuh memanfaatkan antioksidan dari luar. Bayam merah (Amaranthus sp.) sudah dikenal menjadi salah satu sumber antioksidan eksogen. Pemeriksaan in-vitro dengan eksperimental meliputi uji fitokimia kualitatif (Harborne) dan pemeriksaan bioassay yaitu uji toksisitas dengan BSLT (Meyer). Uji kualitatif fitokimia didapatkan hasil positif pada alkaloid, antosianin, betasianin, kardioglikosida, koumarin, flavonoid, glikosida, fenolik, kuinon, saponin, steroid, terpenoid serta tanin. Pada uji toksisitas didapatkan nilai LC50 sebesar 275,810 µg/mL pada daun bayam merah, sehingga berpotensi memiliki efek antimitotik.

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Haridas, Renjini, Radhakrishnan G, Reshma R und Sumathi P. „PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT PACHYGONE OVATA (POER.) HOOK.F. & THOMS FROM MENISPERMACEAE FAMILY FOR BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS“. Kongunadu Research Journal 5, Nr. 2 (03.12.2018): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj270.

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The present study deals with the phytochemical examination of Pachygone ovata (Poer.) Hook.f.& Thoms., an important medicinal plant from menispermaceae family. Leaf and Stem extracts were prepared by using different solvents systems and phytochemical screening was performed using the standard methods given by Harborne. Leaf and stem extracts were prepared from aqueous and organic solvents like petroleum ether, acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the petroleum ether, acetone,ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts prepared from P. ovata leaf and stem part. Leaf part revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phenols and tannins. Stem part revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, Resin, Steroids, phenols and tannins. The ethanolic extract showed higher amount of secondary metabolites than the other solvent extracts. This observation becomes important in the context of the therapeutically and drug applications of P. ovata.

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Evans, Christine S. „J. B. Harborne (ED.) Methods in plant biochemistry: 1. plant phenolics. Academic Press, New York and London, 1990. £65“. Phytochemical Analysis 2, Nr. 1 (Februar 1991): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800020110.

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John Peter, Paul J. „Preliminary phytochemical profile of Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lamouroux collected from Koothankuzhi Coast, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India“. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, Nr. 6-s (15.12.2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2079.

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The present study was intended to discover the preliminary phytochemicals of Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lamouroux from Koothankuzhi coast, Tirunelveli district, the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted in seven extracts namely methanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, hexane and benzene by Harborne method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, anthocyanin, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, catechin, coumarins, diterpenes, emodins, flavonoids, glycosides, leucoanthocyanin, lignins, phenols, phlobatannins, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids. Among the various phytochemicals studied, tannin showed the maximum presence, being found in seven different extracts and anthraquinones was observed in only one extract. From the results, it was noted that the extracts of Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lamouroux was found to be the presence of a number of active secondary metabolites. This report will lead to the isolation and characterization of these active secondary metabolites for bioefficacy and bioactivity. Keywords: Phytochemical, Bioactive compounds, Seaweed extracts, Dictyota, Tamil Nadu.

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Osei-Asibey, Ryan. „Determination of phytochemicals in Thaumatococcus daniellii (sweet prayer leaves) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain leaves) as a food packaging material“. International Journal of Technology and Management Research 8, Nr. 1 (04.09.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v8i1.155.

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Leaves from the plants of Thaumatococcus daniellii and Musa paradisiaca are used for wrapping foods in Ghana. In this study, the types of phytochemicals present in the two leaves were qualitatively determined. Standard qualitative phytochemical tests by Trease and Evans, Sofowora and Harborne were employed in screening for ten selected phytochemicals. The following phytochemicals were present in T. daniellii leaf extracts; saponins, polyuronides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosterols and anthracenosides. However, triterpenes were absent. M. paradisiaca also showed the presence of saponins, phenolic compounds, cyanogenic glycosides, polyuronides, reducing sugar, flavonoids and phytosterols. However, alkaloids, triterpenes and anthracenosides were absent. From the results obtained, T. daniellii contained more classes of healthful phytochemicals than that of M. paradisiaca. Since, the leaves of both T. daniellii and M. paradisiaca contribute more than just a means of packaging to these local delicacies, their continued use should be highly encouraged and widely promoted.

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Hoa, Nguyen Xuan, Tran Thi Thuy, Vu Thi Huyen, Phung Thi Vinh, Pham Trung Duc und Doan Thi Thuy Ai. „Inhibitory Effects of Ludwigia Octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Extracts on the Growth of Microcystis Aeruginosa“. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, Nr. 4 (30.12.2023): 1969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2023.6.4.07.

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This study examined the phytochemical composition and algicidal effectiveness of Ludwigia octovalvis. The powder samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with polar solvents (water-diluted ethanol, acetone, methanol, and water). The preliminary phytochemical analyses used standard procedures following Sofowora and Harborne. Total phenolic contents in extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method using a calibration curve of gallic acid. The results showed that this plant contains polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, glycosides, and saponins. The best conditions for the extraction of polyphenol compounds with a total polyphenol content of 149.22 ± 0.96 mg GAE g-1 were acetone/water 70:30 (v/v) and a solvent-to-material ratio of 20 mL g-1. The inhibitory effect of the extracts against M. aeruginosa growth increased from 40.71 to 81.56% on day 7 when exposed to concentrations of the extract from 50-200 μg mL-1 according to the cell counting method. The L. octovalvis extract was identified as an effective inhibitor of the growth of M. aeruginosa.

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Sari, Nur Maulida, Farida Aryani, Wartomo Wartomo, Periani Paurru, Gabriel Permadi Lumbanraja, Reni Puji Astuti und Rudito Rudito. „Potensi pemanfaatan tumbuhan invasif daun sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) sebagai antioksidan“. ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis 8, Nr. 1 (03.02.2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32522/ujht.v8i1.13203.

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Aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri pada jenis tumbuhan invasif berpotensi sebagai obat telah diidentifikasi. Tumbuhan yang digunakan adalah bagian daun tumbuhan sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). Tumbuhan diketahui memiliki kandungan antioksidan dan antibakteri yang diketahui aman dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Masyarakat memiliki kecenderungan memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai alternatif pengobatan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi kandungan kimia tumbuhan serta mengetahui potensi antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol daun sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). Analisis fitokimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode uji kualitatif mengacu pada Harborne dan Kokate. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode uji dekolorisasi radikal bebas DPPH. Hasil analisis fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin dan saponin. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) menunjukkan kemampuan menghambat radikal bebas DPPH sebesar 84 % pada konsentrasi 100 ppm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) memiliki kandungan antioksidan alami dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut serta memberikan informasi ilmiah sebagai dasar penggunaan tumbuhan sebagai antioksidan alami.

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Elnabwy, Mohamed T., Emad Elbeltagi, Mahmoud M. El Banna, Abdullah H. Alshahri, Jong Wan Hu, Byoung Gil Choi, Yong Hee Kwon und Mosbeh R. Kaloop. „Harbor Sedimentation Management Using Numerical Modeling and Exploratory Data Analysis“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (15.05.2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1209460.

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Sedimentation in the harbors’ basins is an environmental phenomenon that frequently disrupts safe shipping and necessitates costly dredging operations. The layout of harbors and the permeability of protective structures such as breakwaters influence sediment transport within harbor basins. Thus, through a multistep framework, this study investigates the sedimentation management issues for the Egyptian proposed Ezbet Elborg fishing harbor based on field measurements and a numerical morphodynamic coastal modeling system (CMS). First, field measurements were analyzed and evaluated for acquiring a full grasp of the research area’s bathymetry and hydrodynamics. Second, a two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation CMS model was set up and calibrated against field measurements wherein the developed CMS model highly correlated with actual measurements by 97%. CMS results demonstrate that the predominant NNW wave with the formed longshore current on both the harbor’s sides affects sediment accumulation within the harbor’s basin. Third, 100 simulations for the proposed harbor including different structural modulation scenarios affecting the sedimentation issue were investigated via the calibrated CMS model. Finally, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) is performed via correlation matrix and ANOVA test for the CMS’s scenarios’ results to gain an in-depth view of the relation between the harbors’ layout and the structural characteristics with the sedimentation volumes. Results showed that breakwaters’ orientation affects sediment accumulation more than its length. Also, breakwater permeability and basin width are significantly affecting sediment accumulation. Ultimately, the current study makes a substantial contribution to integrated coastal structure management (ICSM) by helping coastal stakeholders to mitigate the negative impacts of the harbors’ sediment deposition aiming at sustaining both environmental and economic aspects.

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Mangurana, Wa Ode Intiyani, Yusnaini Yusnaini und Sahidin Sahidin. „ANALISIS LC-MS/MS (Liquid Crhomatogaph Mass Spectrometry) DAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER SERTA POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA SPONS Callyspongia aerizusa YANG DIAMBIL PADA KONDISI TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG YANG BERBEDA DI PERAIRAN TELUK STARING“. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 19, Nr. 2 (14.08.2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1126.

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Abstrak : Spons merupakan bagian dari biota komponen penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang yang memiliki kandungan bioaktif. Salah satu jenis spons yang memiliki kandungan bioaktif adalah C. aerizusa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan kandungan bioaktif pada kondisi terumbu karang yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam survei kondisi terumbu karang dan penentuan stasiun pengamatan menggunakan metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT). Pemeriksaan metabolit sekunder menggunakkan metode Kromatografi lapis tipis menurut Harborne (1987), perbedaan kandungan senyawanya menggunakan analisis LC-MS/MS, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakkan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian kondisi tutupan karang menunjukan bahwa kondisi tutupan karang hidup 19-65% dengan kategori buruk hingga baik. Jumlah senyawa pada stasiun I mencapai 15 dan jumlah senyawa pada stasiun II mencapai 13. Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder untuk C. aerizusa dari kedua stasiun sama, yaitu aktif terhadap alkoloid, steroid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan saponin. Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak n-heksana Spons C. aerizusa untuk stasiun I dan II tidak aktif terhadap E. coli namun Spons C. aerizusa stasiun I dan II aktif terhadap aktivitas S. mutans. Kata Kunci : n-heksana, Terumbu karang, metabolit sekunder, antibakteri Abstract : Sponges are part of the biota that make up the coral reef ecosystem that contains bioactive ingredients. One type of sponge that has a bioactive content is C. aerizusa. The purpose of this study was to see differences in bioactive content in different coral reef conditions. The method used in the coral reef condition survey and the determination of observation stations using the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method. Examination of secondary metabolites using the thin layer chromatography method according to Harborne (1987), differences in the content of compounds using LC-MS / MS analysis, testing the antibacterial activity using the well method. The results of the research on coral cover conditions showed that the conditions of live coral cover were 19-65% with a bad to good category. The number of compounds at station I reached 15 and the number of compounds in station II reached 13. Secondary Metabolite content for C. aerizusa from both stations was equally active against alkoloid, steroid, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Antibacterial Potential of n-hexane Extract of C. aerizusa Sponge for stations I and II were not active against E. coli but sponge C. aerizusa station I and II were active against S. mutans activity.Keywords : n-hexane, coral reefs, secondary metabolites, antibacterial

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Umunç, Himmet. „On her Majesty's Secret Service: Marlowe and Turkey*“. Belleten 70, Nr. 259 (01.12.2006): 903–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2006.903.

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Since the early 1990s, there has been a great deal of serious in-depth research on the Elizabethan dramatist Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), whereby his historically admitted career and connection with Shakespeare have been revisited, and consequently a comprehensive controversy among Marlowe students has risen with regards to a wide range of issues including his involvement in Elizabeth's secret service. Historically, it is true that, while he was a student at Cambridge from 1580 to 1587, he was secretly recruited to become an agent and, thus, from 1583 onwards, was sent abroad on secret missions; hence, his frequent and prolonged absences from his studies at the university. His espionage activities and their geographies have always been a mystery except his visits to France and, perhaps, to other Catholic countries. In this context, if one recalls that the first diplomatic relations between the Ottoman Empire and Elizabeth's England were officially established in 1583 when William Harborne was appointed the first English ambassador to the Ottoman court, it was also of vital importance for Elizabeth's government to secure the Ottoman support and alliance against the growing Spanish and Catholic threat. Therefore, Harborne's appointment was a timely political and diplomatic manoeuvre, and evidently a close watch on Ottoman politics and international relations came to the fore as a serious and vitally important exigency. Indeed, besides the regular staff of Harborne's embassy, three "gentlemen," who may have been assigned special missions, also accompanied him. Could one of them be Marlowe? It is hard to be specific and certain in the absence of documented evidence. However, given the Turkish contents and references of Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great and The Jew of Malta, one can argue that he was fully familiar with Turkey and Turkish history and that some of the names and material in these plays seem to indicate his first-hand knowledge in this respect. So, through reference to some historical facts and a close textual study of the Turkish material in these two plays, this article is an attempt to demonstrate Marlowe's direct connection with Turkey and, thus, to argue that he must have visited this country in his capacity as Elizabeth's secret agent.

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Mangiwa, Septiani, und Agnes Eri Maryuni. „Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Antioksidan Ekstrak Biji Kopi Sangrai Jenis Arabika (Coffea arabica) Asal Wamena dan Moanemani, Papua“. JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 11, Nr. 2 (31.10.2019): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.925.

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Coffee bean are rich of secondary metabolits that able to inhibit free radical compounds. This antioxidant activity may reduce many diseases correlated with it. The aims of this study were to determined the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of roasted coffee bean from Wamena and Moenemani regency, Papua. Roasted coffee beans were extracted by maceration for 24 hr with methanol. Harborne standard method was used for the phytochemical analysis and DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity. IC50 was measured by spectrophotometric assay using spectrophotometer Uv-Vis at 517 nm wavelenghth. Result showed that both Arabica roasted coffee beans from Wamena and Moanemany had the capacity to inhibit free radical at 61,71% and 69,7% with IC50 at 107,97 and 100,91 ppm, respectively . Phytochemical investigation revealed that the bioactive compounds from Moanemani and Wamena coffee beans were similar, which composed of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and tanins. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of roasted Arabica coffee beans from Wamena and Moanemani can be used as the source of natural antioxidant.Keywords: Arabica roasted coffee beans; phytochemical; antioxidant; DPPH method.

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Hasanah, Uswatun, Desi Rosdiana und Syaefudin Syaefudin. „Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract from Stem Bark and Leaves of Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.)“. Current Biochemistry 4, Nr. 1 (01.04.2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.4.1.1-14.

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Crescentia cujete L. (C. cujete) has been known as a medicine for various diseases that caused by microorganisms. This research was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds and to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from stem bark and leaves of C. cujete. The phytochemical compounds in both extracts were identified by Harborne method, while antibacterial activity assay was performed by disc diffusion method with the concentration of bacteria 106 cfu/mL. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used in antibacterial assay. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained by using contact method. The phytochemical compounds analysis showed that ethanol extracts of C. cujete stem bark and leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that both extracts have antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition showed by extracts with concentration of 100 %(w/v). The decreased percentage in the number of bacterial colonies on the extracts was less than 90 % so that the MIC value of both extracts against S. aureus could not be determined.

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Moulari, B., Y. Pellequer, J. Chaumont, Y. Guillaume und J. Millet. „In vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) against strains causing otitis externa in dogs and cats“. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 55, Nr. 1 (01.03.2007): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.55.2007.1.10.

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Otitis externa in dogs and cats is always caused by a combination of yeasts and bacteria, among which the most important are Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus intermedius and Pseudomonas species. These organisms often develop resistance to classical antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of an ethyl acetate leaf extract of Harungana madagascariensis against the organisms cited, to carry out the phytochemical investigation of this extract and to determine its bioactive chemical class using dilution techniques, the bioautography method and the standard phytochemical method described by Harborne (1973). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and anthracenic derivatives. The bioassay showed that the antimicrobial properties may be attributed to astilbin, a flavanone derivative identified on the basis of its spectroscopic data. The results suggest that the extract could be used in an antimicrobial preparation effective against the whole range of organisms incriminated in otitis externa in dogs and cats, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/ml.

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Haryatmi, Dwi, und Indah Tri Susilowati. „DETERMINING THE TANNIN CONTENT IN PISANG AMBON (Musa × paradisiaca L.) WITH THE POTENTIAL AS ANTHELMINTIC“. Jurnal Kimia Riset 7, Nr. 2 (09.12.2022): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v7i2.28859.

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Tannins result from plants' secondary metabolism, closely associated with plant defense mechanisms against insects. Condensed tannins can disrupt the life cycle of parasitic nematodes starting from eggs, adult worms, and larvae. Currently, the antiparasitic properties of condensed tannins are being investigated as an alternative for controlling parasites. The people use the young Pisang Ambon (Musa × parasidiaca L.) as an anthelmintic. People generally use this part of the banana peel. Based on this, a study was conducted to determine the tannin content in the peel and fruit of Pisang Ambon (Musa × parasidiaca L.). The research was conducted by extracting the fruit and peel of young Pisang Ambon by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The Harborne method and Thin Layer Chromatography tested the presence of secondary metabolites. The tannin content was determined by the visible, ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The qualitative results showed that the peel and fruit of Pisang Ambon contained condensed tannins. Meanwhile, the quantitative results showed that the tannin content of the fruit (54.98% w/w) was higher than the peel (14.32 %w/w).

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Santoso, Stanley, Frans Ferdinal und Eny Yulianti. „Uji kapasitas antioksidan dan kadar metabolit sekunder ekstrak angkak (Oryza sp)“. Tarumanagara Medical Journal 5, Nr. 2 (31.10.2023): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v5i2.24790.

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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) memiliki peran penting dalam proses fisiologis kehidupan manusia, namun, pada konsentrasi yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan penyakit degeneratif. Ketidakseimbangan antara ROS dalam konsentrasi tinggi dengan antioksidan di dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan stress oksidatif. Oleh karena itu, antioksidan memiliki peran penting dalam menghambat proses oksidasi yang terjadi di dalam tubuh maupun di luar tubuh. Salah satu sumber antioksidan dapat diperoleh dari angkak (Oryza.sp). Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas antioksidan dan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat di angkak. Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan ekstrak angkak yang dihaluskan lalu diperkolasi dengan pelarut methanol dan dievaporasi hingga terbentuk pasta. Pada ekstrak tersebut dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia berdasarkan Harborne, kapasitas total antioksidan menggunakan metode ABTS, dan uji kadar fenolik total (Singleton dan Rossi). Pada uji skrining fitokimia, ekstrak angkak mengandung fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, glikosida, terpenoid, kuinon, kardioglikosida, antosianin dan kumarin. Kapasitas total antioksidan ekstrak angkak ialah 25,557mg/mL. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa ekstrak angkak memiliki kapasitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dan kadar fenolik total 694,56 mg/mL. Kesimpulan studi ini, angkak memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan.

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S. Nassir, Zahra'a, und Enas J. Khadem. „phytochemical investigations of Iraqi Abrus precatorius Linn. plant“. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 27, Nr. 1 (03.06.2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol27iss1pp30-38.

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The plant Abrus precatorius, which belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and known as Crab’s eyes, Rosary pea with characteristic red and black seeds. It was used in folk medicine in India, China and East Asian countries for treatment of various diseases. The plant was extracted by '' general method of extraction'' (Harborne, 1973) using 80% aqueous ethanol as a solvent of extraction by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening were performed on the crude ethanolic extract and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids ,terpenoids and phytosterols in Iraqi Abrus precatorius plant. Three different fractions were obtained from crude extract which are fraction one (chloroform fraction), fraction two (ethyl acetate fraction), and fraction three (petroleum ether fraction) which are represent alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids respectively. The alkaloid abrine was isolated from the chloroform fraction in pure form by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and then subjected to different physico-chemical and specteral analytical techniques to identify its chemical structure: melting point (M.P.), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , fourier transforms infrared spectra (FT-IR) and elemental microanalysis (CHNO).

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Armadany, Fery Indradewi, Dian Munasari Solo, Ari Putra Utama und Andi Nafisah Tendri Adjeng. „Ujı aktıvıtas sedıaan granul darı ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) sebagaı larvasıda“. Journal Borneo 2, Nr. 2 (31.07.2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.57174/jborn.v2i2.45.

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Komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun komba-komba berbunga kuning dan bentuk sediaan granulnya sebagai larvasida. Daun komba-komba diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian didelipidasi menggunakan n-heksan. Ekstrak diidentifikasi metabolit sekundernya melalui skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif mengikuti metode Harborne. Pengujian aktivitas larvasida dilakukan pada ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm untuk mengetahui nilai Lethal Concentration/LC50. Ekstrak diformulasi menjadi sediaan granul menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Uji aktivitas larvasida menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi memiliki aktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak etanol dengan nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi sebesar 261,6 ppm dan ekstrak etanol sebesar 317,1 ppm. Ekstrak tanol terdelipidasi dengan konsentrasi 1000 ppm ke atas berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk sediaan granul karena memiliki aktivitas larvasida setara dengan kontrol positif (temefos 1000 ppm). Ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi daun komba-komba diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan granul menggunakan kombinasi eksipien amilum, PVP dan laktosa. Uji aktivitas larvasida pada granul menunjukkan nilai LC50 sebesar 225,8 ppm.

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Firdaus, Muhamad, Rahmi Nurdiani, Aulia Savira und Firyal Hanifah. „Sargassum aquifolium Extract Prevents Elevated Cholesterol Levels and Blood Vessel Thickening in Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet“. Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 12, Nr. 1 (26.04.2023): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2023.012.01.711.

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Hypercholesterolemia is a health disorder in which cholesterol in the blood increases beyond normal limits. This disorder chronically can cause atherosclerosis. Sargassum aquifolium contains bioactive compounds that can prevent increased blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to prove the increasing cholesterol levels and changes in the blood vessel profile of rats fed an atherogenic diet by S. aquifolium extract. S. aquifolium was obtained from Ekas Bay, Province of West Nusa Tenggara. Male Rattus norvegicus 2-3 months ages used in this study. Normal rats were fed an atherogenic diet for four months to produce a hypercholesterolemia animal model. The phytochemical profile was screened based on the Harborne method. Identity of bioactive compounds determined by HPLC-HRMS. The parameters observed were cholesterol levels and blood vessel profiles. The juice of S. aquifolium contained steroids, saponins and tannins, and their bioactive showed anticholesterolemic. Rats given an atherogenic diet had increased cholesterol levels. Administration of S. aquifolium juice twice daily can reduce cholesterol levels and prevent the aorta's and arteries' thickening. In conclusion, S. aquifolium juice contains bioactive compounds and administration of S. aquifolium juice twice a day prevents an increase in cholesterol and damage to the aortic and arterial profiles.

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Sari, Nur Maulida, Humairo Aziza, Farida Aryani und Murdianto Murdianto. „Bioactivity of Vernonia arborea Leaves from Bentian Tribe as Natural Antioxidant and Antibacterial Based on Local Knowledge“. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, Nr. 2 (14.03.2024): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.675-680.

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The utilization of natural organic materials as raw materials for standardized medicine, including the use of organic materials in medicine manufacture are currently being encouraged by the Government. Based on the information from Bentian Tribe people, Vernonia arborea leaf or Kutu Bu’ut leaf has the potential to be developed as natural medicine derived from plants. This study explored the potential of V.arborea leaf for its phytochemicals screening by Harborne, Kokate and Senthilmurugan method, antioxidant analysis was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Antibacterial analysis was examined using agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed that the V.arborea leaf contained alkaloid on n-hexan extract and coumarin on ethyl acetate extract. Ethanol extract from V.arborea leaf contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and carbohydrate. Antioxidant activity showed that the highest inhibition by 83% at 50 ppm consentration of ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity of E. coli and P.acnes showed that the highest inhibition zone by 12 mm and 11 mm at 400 µg/well of ethanol extract. Based on the results, the V.arborea leaf contains natural bioactivity and has potential to be further developed as a natural traditional medicine.

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Muliadin, Muliadin, Didit Kustantio Dewanto, Deddy Wahyudi, Wendy Alexander Tanod, Putut Har Riyadi und Firman Farid Muhsoni. „SKRINING KOMPONEN BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK BAMBU LAUT (Isis hippuris) DARI PERAIRAN SULAWESI TENGAH“. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan (JKPT) 5, Nr. 1 (14.09.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v5i1.10596.

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Bambu laut (Isis hippuris) merupakan salah satu organisme laut penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang yang dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan bioaktif. Bambu laut mengandung bioaktif polioksigenasi steroid, hidrokarbon, fenol dan asam lemak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengonfirmasi komponen bioaktif dari ekstrak bambu laut. Sampel bambu laut dikoleksi dari perairan Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah, dengan kondisi cuaca cerah. Pada sampel bambu laut dilakukan proses ekstraksi (maserasi MeOH : DCM), skrining komponen bioaktif (metode Harborne), dan determinsi kandungan total alkaloid (ekuivalen kafein - CE), fenol (ekuivalen asam galat - GAE), flavonoid (ekuivalen kuersetin - QE), dan steroid (ekuivalen kolesterol - ChE). Hasil skrining komponen bioaktif menunjukkan ekstrak bambu laut (I. hippuris) mengandung sejumlah komponen alkaloid, fenol, steroid dan flavonoid. Ekstrak bambu laut mengandung alkaloid 11,61 ± 0,24 mg CE.g-1 ekstrak kering; fenol sebesar 18,92 ± 0,24 mg GAE.g-1 ekstrak kering; flavonoid sebesar 21,24 ± 0,28 mg QE.g-1 ekstrak kering; dan steroid sebesar 36.94 ± 1.39 mg ChE.g-1 ekstrak kering. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi keberadaan komponen bioaktif ekstrak bambu laut (I. hippuris) yang dikoleksi dari perairan Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil skrining komponen bioaktif menunjukkan kehadiran komponen alkaloid, fenol, steroid dan flavonoid. Oleh karena itu, perlu diidentifikasi lebih lanjut senyawa bioaktif (diduga turunan steroid, alkaloid dan fenolik) yang terkandung dari ekstrak bambu laut.

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Savadi, Dr B. S., und Afreen Banu. „ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALKALOIDS OF STEM AND ROOT EXTRACT OF LAVANGA“. Avishkara 01, Nr. 04 (2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56804/avishkara.2022.1403.

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Introduction: Lavanga is one of the most ancient and valuable spices due to its versatile uses in treatment according to Ayurveda lavanga has tikta and katu rasa and sheeta virya. Due to katu rasa it acts as kaphashamaka and pittahara due to sheeta veerya. Lavanga contains most of various secondary metabolites with great potentials. Materials &Methods Aims & objectives: The aim to study is to evaluate organic and inorganic screening and Quantitative analysis of alkaloids of stem and root extract of lavanga. Qualitative analysis like phytochemical screening and inorganic screening were carried out and physico chemical screening with standard techniques. Quantitative analysis like quantification of alkaloids were estimated by Harborne method. Results: Qualitative organic and inorganic screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycoside in aqueous extract, alkaloids, proteins and amino acids, Quinone and glycoside are present in ethanolic extract. Inorganic elemental analysis shows presence of calcium, Iron, sodium are appreciated in the stem and root of lavanga extract. Quantification of alkaloids shown 24.2 % of alkaloids presence. Conclusion: Lavanga stem& root extract shows many compounds in aqueous extract than alcoholic extract and higher alkaloids presence in stem and root of lavanga & justifies their uses for human health benefit

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Yosafat, Fernando, und Frans Ferdinal. „EKSTRAK DAUN SEMBUNG (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA): PROFIL SIDIK JARI DENGAN HPTLC, KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, UJI TOKSISITAS DAN KADAR METABOLIT SEKUNDER“. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai 4, Nr. 3 (22.09.2023): 2494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i3.17106.

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Reactive Oxygen Spesies (ROS) adalah radikal bebas oksigen atau molekul dengan elektron tidak berpasangan yang sangat reaktif, ROS ini dapat merusak sel membrane. Keseimbangan antara antioksidan dan oksidan berguna dalam homeostasis sel tubuh. Keadaan dimana oksidan melebihi antioksidan akan memicu stres oksidatif sehingga mengakibatkan terjadi kerusakan ke-empat makromolekul yang merupakan komponen struktur sel. Peran antioksidan diperlukan untuk mencegah gangguan tersebut salah satunya dari kelompok tanaman herbal yaitu daun sembung (blumea balsamifera) yang merupakan antioksidan eksogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kandungan metabolit sekunder dan kemampuan antioksidan serta toksisitas ekstrak daun sembung (blumea balsamifera). Daun sembung dikeringkan dan dihaluskan hingga terbentuk simplisia, kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan methanol, kemudian dievaporasi.Ekstrak yang terbentuk dilakukan uji kualitatif fitokimia berdasarkan Harborne, kapasitas antioksidan dengan uji DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) menggunakan metode Blois dan uji toksisitas mengunakan uji BSLT (Mayer). Uji fitokimia ekstrak daun sembung mengandung alkaloids, anthocyanin dan betacyanin, cardio glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, quinones, steroids, coumarins, terpenoids dan tannins dan kapasitas antioksidan daun sembung dengan DPPH dalam IC50 sebesar 36,135 µg/mL dan uji toksisitas ekstrak daun sembung dengan BSLT dalam LC50 didapatkan sebesar 168,178 µg/mL. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun sembung memiliki bebepara kandungan metabolit sekunder serta berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antimitosis.

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Charlwood, Barry V. „Jeffrey B. Harborne and Herbert Baxter (Editors) Phytochemical dictionary Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 1993, £150.00, ix + 791 pp, ISBN 0-85066-736-4“. Phytochemical Analysis 4, Nr. 5 (September 1993): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800040512.

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Bässler, M. „Harborne, J. B., Boulter, D. & Turner, B. L. (eds.), Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae. XV + 612pp. Academic Press London and New York, 1971, £ 10,50“. Feddes Repertorium 84, Nr. 5-6 (18.04.2008): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730840504.

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Chan, Kamfai, William G. Miller, Robert E. Mandrell und Sophia Kathariou. „The Absence of Intervening Sequences in 23S rRNA Genes of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Turkeys Is a Unique Attribute of a Cluster of Related Strains Which Also Lack Resistance to Erythromycin“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, Nr. 4 (22.12.2006): 1208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01995-06.

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ABSTRACT Certain Campylobacter strains harbor a transcribed intervening sequence (IVS) in their 23S rRNA genes. Following transcription, the IVS is excised, leading to fragmentation of the 23S rRNA. The origin and possible functions of the IVS are unknown. Furthermore, the distribution of IVS-harboring strains within Campylobacter populations is poorly understood. In this study, 104 strains of Campylobacter coli from turkeys, representing 27 different multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (STs), were characterized in terms of IVS content and erythromycin susceptibility. Sixty-nine strains harbored IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes, whereas the other 35 strains lacked IVSs from at least one of the genes. The STs of the latter strains belonged to an unusual cluster of C. coli STs (cluster II), earlier found primarily in turkey strains and characterized by the presence of the C. jejuni aspA103 allele. The majority (66/69) of strains harboring IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes were resistant to erythromycin, whereas none of the 35 strains with at least one IVS-free 23S rRNA gene were resistant. Cluster II strains could be transformed to erythromycin resistance with genomic DNA from C. coli that harbored IVS and the A2075G transition in the 23S rRNA gene, associated with resistance to erythromycin in Campylobacter. Erythromycin-resistant transformants harbored both the A2075 transition and IVS. The findings suggest that the absence of IVS in C. coli from turkeys is characteristic of a unique clonal group of erythromycin-susceptible strains and that IVS can be acquired by these strains via natural transformation to erythromycin resistance.

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Hapid, Abdul, Mery Napitupulu und Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair. „Ethnopharmacology and Antioxidant Activity Studies of Woody Liana Original Wallacea“. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, Nr. 5 (29.10.2021): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160503.

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Lore Lindu National Park is a habitat located in the middle of the Wallacea Region, consisting of various types of medicinal plants, including lianas. This area is surrounded by the Kaili Tribe, which possesses adequate ethnopharmacology knowledge and local wisdom in managing living natural resources. Studies on the medicinal plant species of lianas original Wallacea have not been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to reveal Kaili’s ethnopharmacology of woody liana plants and identify the metabolic content and antioxidant activity. This study was carried out at the Lore Lindu National Park with the purposive and snowball sampling methods used to determine the respondents. Furthermore, the Harborne and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were used to analyze the phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the Kaili people used the lianas Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr, Arcangelisia Flava (L.) Merr, Fibrauea Tinctoria Lour, and Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner are medicine for treating various types of chronic diseases. The plant's bark and wood are used as medicine by processing boiled/brewed hot water, or by pounded, and smeared over the wound. The phytochemical analysis results showed that alkaloids are contained in all types of lianas, while flavonoids and tannins are found only in 3 types. Meanwhile, the P. suaveolens contained saponin, A. flava bark extract has potential to be developed as an antioxidant.

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Hartini, Hartini, Karolina Rosmiati und Agnes Farianti Rezeki Sihombing. „Analisis Kandungan Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Mikroalga Chlorella sp. Berdasarkan Variasi Waktu Pencahayaan“. JURNAL KESEHATAN PERINTIS (Perintis's Health Journal) 8, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v8i2.642.

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Mikroalga mengandung metabolit sekunder yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Metabolit sekunder digunakan untuk pertahanan kimia terhadap predator di lingkungan air. Salah satu jenis mikroalga yang dapat dikembangkan metabolit sekundernya adalah Chlorella sp. Kondisi lingkungan saat kultivasi Chlorella sp. mempengaruhi jumlah sel, kandungan metabolit sekunder dan kestabilan senyawa antioksidan mikroalga. Faktor lingkungan yang menjadi fokus penelitian adalah faktor cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan fitokimia dan antioksidan biomassa mikroalga Chlorella sp. dengan variasi waktu pencahayaan. Variasi pemberian cahaya pada proses kultivasi menggunakan periode terang : gelap yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 12:12 (terang:gelap) jam dan 18:6 (terang:gelap) jam. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis kandungan fitokimia menggunakan metode Harborne dan analisis aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak mikroalga Chlorella sp. dengan variasi waktu pencahayaan (terang:gelap) 12:12 jam mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, kuinon dan terpenoid. Sedangkan, ekstrak mikroalga Chlorella sp. dengan variasi waktu pencahayaan (terang:gelap) 18:6 jam mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak mikroalga Chlorella sp. dengan variasi waktu pencahayaan (terang:gelap) 12:12 jam IC50 sebesar 40,421 dan ekstrak Chlorella sp. dengan variasi waktu pencahayaan (terang:gelap) 18:6 jam memiliki IC50 sebesar 8,992. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak mikroalga yang diberi waktu pencahayaan tinggi menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih kuat dibandingkan pencahayaan rendah.

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Sounder, Lucia, und Victor Arockia Doss. „CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF AERVA LANATA BY HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE“. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, Nr. 6 (01.06.2017): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.16658.

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Objective: This study was designed to determine the bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, glycosides, phenol, and tannins by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) which will help in crude drug identification and in the standardization of Aerva lanata in pharmacological industries. Methods: HPTLC studies were conducted as Harborne described. The toluene-acetone-formic acid (4.5:4.5:1); ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (10:1.35:1); ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8:2:1.2); toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-methanol (3:3:0.8:0.2) were employed as mobile phase for phenol, alkaloid, glycoside, and tannin profiles. Result: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. lanata illustrated the presence of 11 different types of phenol with 11 different Rf values with range 0.06- 0.95, 10 different types of alkaloid with 10 different Rf values from 0.02 to 0.92, 12 different types of glycoside with 12 different Rf values from 0.02 to 0.96, 9 different types of Tannin with 9 different Rf values from 0.07 to 0.93. Conclusion: This study supplements valuable information about known and unknown bioactive compounds with the bioactivity of A. lanata. Further, pharmacological studies on structure of the bioactive compounds can be formulated to treat diseases. Thus, the ethanolic extract of A. lanata plant can be utilized as a useful medicinal herb for alleviation of various illness and disorder.

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Hidayat, Taufik. „IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI RUMPUT LAUT TROPIKA (DARI KEPULAUAN SERIBU ) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKU KOSMETIK“. Creative Research Journal 4, Nr. 02 (21.01.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34147/crj.v4i02.165.

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Rumput laut merupakan bahan baku yang keberadaanya melimpah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik bahan baku rumput laut tropika yang nantinya dapati diaplikasikan dalam industri pangan dan non pangan. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini meliputi karakteristik sampel dengan identifikasi, perhitungan rendemen dan proksimat menggunakan metode AOAC, ekstraksi menggunakan beberapa pelarut dengan metode Harborne. Hasil identifikasi rumput laut tropika yang diambil di kepulauan seribu yaitu E.Cotonii, Sargassum sp, Gellidium sp, Caulerpa sp, dan Padina sp. Kelima rumput laut dari kepulauan seribu mempunyai kondisi penampakan segar dengan nilai organoleptik berkisar 6-7. Pada perendaman dengan konsentrasi 0;0,3;0,5 memiliki kondisi warna keunguan, thalus sedikit kaku, dan mempunyai bau agak amis. Kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada Caulerpa dengan nilai 90% dan terendah didapat E.cotonii (77,27%. Kadar abu tertinggi tertinggi terdapat pada padina dengan nilai 6,63% dan terendah Caulerpa dengan 1,95%. Kandungan lemak masing-masing rumput laut berkisar antara 0,1-0,4. Kandungan protein masing-masing rumput laut berkisar antara (1,13-2,19%). Kandungan serat kasar berkisar diantara 0,41-1,25%. Untuk tahap selanjutnya dipilih Rumput laut E.cotonii dan Sargassum sp untuk di ekstraksi. Rumput laut E.cotonii dan Sargassum yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan etil asetat menghasilkan rendemen ekstrak tertinggi yaitu 396 mL dan 325 mL. Hasil karakteristik awal menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut kepulauan seribu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan untuk menjadi kosmetik.

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Yasir, Juwita Wita, Lidya Irma Momuat und Julius Pontoh. „Efektivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Bunga Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius L.) dan Potensinya Sebagai Antihiperkolesterolemia“. JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 21, Nr. 2 (31.10.2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.v21i2.32555.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis kandungan metabolit sekunder dan efektivitas antioksidan dari ektrak etanol bunga kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius L.), serta potensinya sebagai antihiperkolesterolemia. Bunga kasumba turate yang telah dikeringanginkan, dihaluskan dan dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%, lalu dievaporasi pelarutnya. Ekstrak etanol (EE) yang diperoleh dipartisi berturut-turut dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air, sehingga diperoleh ekstrak fraksi n-heksana (FH), etil asetat (FEA) dan air (FA). Selanjutnya, EE, FH, FEA, dan FA diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya (metode Harborne) dan efektivitas antioksidannya (metode DPPH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EE dan FEA mengandung alkaloid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid. FA mengandung fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpenoid. FH mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid dan triterpenoid. Efektivitas antioksidan bunga kasumba turate (dinyatakan dalam IC50) yang tertinggi pada FEA, diikuti FH, FA dan EE, dengan nilai IC50 53,59, 75,45, 77,43, dan 89.,9 µg/mL. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa bunga kasumba turate dapat menghambat oksidasi LDL dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bunga kasumba turate memiliki efektivitas antioksidan yang kuat dan efek antihiperkolesterolemia.Kata kunci: Antihiperkolesterolemia; antioksidan; Carthamus tinctorius L.; etanolAntioxidant Effectiveness of Kasumba Turate Flower Extract (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and Its potential as an AntihypercholesterolemiaABSTRACTResearch has been carried out to analyze the secondary metabolite content and antioxidant effectiveness of the ethanol extract of kasumba turate flower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), as well as its potential as antihypercholesterolemia. Kasumba turate flowers that have been dried and mashed, macerated with 70% ethanol solvent, then evaporated the solvent. The ethanol extract (EE) obtained was partitioned successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water as solvents, so that the extracts of the n-hexane (FH), ethyl acetate (FEA) and water (FA) fractions were obtained. Furthermore, EE, FH, FEA, and FA were tested for their phytochemical content (Harbourne method) and antioxidant effectiveness (DPPH method). The results showed that EE and FEA contained alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. FA contains phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. FH contains alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The antioxidant effectiveness of casumba turate flower (expressed in IC50) was highest in FEA, followed by FH, FA and EE, with IC50 values of 53,59, 75,45, 77,43, and 89,19 g/mL, respectively. The results of the literature review show that kasumba turate flowers can inhibit LDL oxidation and reduce blood cholesterol levels. This study concluded that kasumba turate flower extract has a strong antioxidant effectiveness and antihypercholesterolemic effect.Keywords: Antihypercholesterolemia; antioxidant; Carthamus tinctorius L.; ethanol

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Francisco, A. „J. B. HARBORNE (ED.) The flavonoids–Advances in research since 1986 Chapman & Hall, London, U.K. 1994, £195.00, 676 pp. ISBN 0-412-48070-0“. Phytochemical Analysis 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800060109.

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Jacob, S. S., R. Vanitharani, A. S. Karthikeyan, Y. Chinchore, P. Thillaichidambaram und K. Veluthambi. „Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vi Agroinfection by Codelivery of DNA A and DNA B From One Agrobacterium Strain“. Plant Disease 87, Nr. 3 (März 2003): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.247.

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Agroinfection of bipartite geminiviruses is routinely done by mixing two Agrobacterium strains that independently harbor partial tandem repeats of DNA A and DNA B. We report here an improved agroinfection method for bipartite geminiviruses that utilizes one strain of Agrobacterium that harbors DNA A and DNA B partial tandem repeats on two compatible replicons. A cointegrate vector, pGV2260∷pGV1.3A, with the partial tandem repeat of Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vi (MYMV-Vi) DNA A and a binary vector, pGA1.9B, with the partial tandem repeat of MYMV-Vi DNA B gave an agroinfection efficiency of 24% when harbored in two Agrobacterium strains and an efficiency of 61% when harbored in one Agrobacterium strain. A combination of binary vectors, pGA1.9A with MYMV-Vi DNA A partial tandem repeat and pGA1.9B with DNA B partial tandem repeat, gave an agroinfection efficiency of 74% when harbored in two strains. But pGA1.9A and pPZP1.9B (a partial tandem repeat of DNA B), when present in the same Agrobacterium strain, gave 100% agroinfection. Accumulation of viral DNA was shown by Southern blotting. The single-strain method using two compatible replicons consistently gave 100% agroinfection efficiency.

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Khumaisah, Lela Lailatul, Vina Juliana Anggraeni und Muhamad Salman Fareza. „Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Test of Leaf Extract of Canar Susu (Smilax macrocarpa Blume) Against Eschercihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis“. Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo 7, Nr. 1 (31.03.2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.api.2019.7.1.2451.

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Smilax is one of the genus Smilacaceae is widely used as a medicinal plant because it contains various secondary metabolites with some bioactivity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial. One species of Smilax that has not been studied and only grew in Indonesia is Smilax macrocarpa Blume (canar susu). Therefore, a preliminary study of phytochemicals and biological activities is required to encourage progress and novelty in science and to know its phylogenetics in Indonesia's biodiversity. The research was done by extraction method using maceration with methanol as a solvent. Simplicia characteristic, toxicity test with BSLT method, phytochemical screening according to Harborne method, and antibacterial activity test using microdilution against including Escherihia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were performed to leaf extract of canar susu. The results obtained that methanol extract of canar susu leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and glycosides. Water content, ash content, acid-soluble ash content, water sari content, and alcohol sari concentration 8.74%; 3.60%; 0.11%; 19.01% and 5.40% respectively. Toxicity results obtained LC50 680.07 ppm. Antibacterial activity test against E. coli has MIC 625 ppm, whereas in P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 are 1.250 ppm. The MBC values for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 were 5,000 ppm. Based on this result known S. macrocarpa Blume is not potential as antibacterial, but potential as biopesticide according to toxicity result.

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Thangaraj, Rajeshwaran, Sumathy Raj und Kumuthakalavalli Renganathan. „WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF KING ALFERD’S MUSHROOM (DALDINIA CONCENTRICA) USED BY TRIBES OF SIRUMALAI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA“. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, Nr. 7 (01.07.2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i7.20628.

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Objective: The present investigation is an attempt to an ethnomycological mushroom survey carried out among the paliyar tribals of five settlements in Sirumalai hills. Daldinia concentrica, mushroom reported by the tribals for the wound healing activity was evaluated in vivo in rat model. Methods: The indigenous information of the tribal people was collected through personal interviews during field trips and also the ethno reported mushroom Daldinia concetrica was analysed for its phytochemical constituents by Harborne method and its potential wound healing activity in Albino Wistar rats by excision wound model.Results: The exploration revealed that 92% of the respondents consume mushroom as food and four mushrooms are used in ethnomedicine in the study area namely, Daldinia concentrica, Calvatia gigantean, Termitomyces microcarpus and Podaxis pistillaris. Daldinia concentrica for wound healing, is the first ethnomycological report, thus the further study on Daldinia revealed that the mushroom sample consists of alkaloid 0.97±0.07 mg/kg, flavanoid 2.97±0.12 mg/kg, phenol 0.32±0.01 mg/kg, tannin 0.17±0.02 mg/kg, terpenoid 0.07±0.01 mg/kg and saponin 0.09±0.02 mg/kg; and it’s in vivo wound healing activity was found to be outstanding around 75–87% compared to that of the commercial ointment neosporin.Conclusion: We believe that wound healing activity of Daldinia mushroom was due to the synergestic effect of phytochemicals present in them. Our results throw in the insight of the traditional use of mushrooms in various treatments.

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Nugraha, Media Fitri Isma, Fasya Hadaina Maharani, Hessy Novita, Muh Alias L. Rajamuddin, Rossa Yunita, Reflinur Reflinur, Wening Enggarini, Atriyon Julzarika und Berna Elya Elya. „Identification Of Aquatic Plant Species From Bantimurung Waterfall And Their Phytochemical Compounds Analysis“. ANNALES BOGORIENSES 23, Nr. 1 (22.10.2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/ann.bogor.2019.v23.n1.41-48.

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A total of 21 aquatic plant species were collected from Bantimurung waterfall areas, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2017. These plant materials were subjected to both species and phytochemicals identification. The aims of this study were to determine the species or taxonomic rank of Indonesian aquatic plants collected from Bantimurung waterfall, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and to identify their chemical compounds (phytochemicals) as a candidate for new herbal medicine. Plant genetic materials used in this study were collected from Bantimurung Bulusaraung waterfall and were then identified based on standard botanical techniques for species identification in the Herbarium Bogoriense, Research center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong, West Java. The samples were subjected to the phytochemistry screening such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids and anthraquinone followed the procedures of Indonesian Materia Medika and Harborne. Results showed that all collected aquatic plant samples were able to be identified, including their species names. Phytochemical screening of each sample revealed the presence of glycoside in all of the tested species. However, no alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenoids were observed in those tested plant samples. Of the total 21 aquatic plants, 14 species contained flavonoids, 8 species contained phenol compound, and 10 species contained saponins. Among these species Donnax canniformis possessed good antioxidant activity, which correlated to its total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Our results would be beneficial for any future effort in the development of new herbal drugs derived from aquatic plants.

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Sidhartha, Elizabeth, John Jackson Yang, Renni Sherlin Novi Dimara, Fri Rahmawati und Siska Wati Dewi Purba. „Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity Test of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)“. European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 5, Nr. 1 (09.03.2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejchem.2024.5.1.151.

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Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis (Binahong) is a medicinal plant that has been used by the indigenous Indonesian community to treat various ailments including surgical wounds, stomach ulcers, and skin problems such as itching and sores. Candida albicans is the most important species responsible for infections in patients with immunological problems associated with invasive fungal diseases. The resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs has made scientists pay more attention to traditional herbal medicine. Binahong contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids which have antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. This research was conducted to determine the compounds contained in binahong leaf extract using the Harborne method, determine the antioxidant power of binahong leaf extract through DPPH assay, and its antifungal activity using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against Candida albicans. The results of the phytochemical screening confirmed that ethanol extract of binahong leaves contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroid compounds. Meanwhile, methanol extract of binahong leaves contains saponin and steroid compounds. The antioxidant test using the DPPH method showed that ethanol and methanol binahong leaf extracts had weak antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 370.26 ppm for ethanol extract and 318.85 ppm for methanol extract. Both the ethanol and methanol extracts displayed significant anfungal activity against Candida albicans, with extract concentration as low as 6.25%. With the results obtained, it is suggested that ethanol and methanol extracts can be used as antioxidants and antifungals.

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