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Lee, Keun Ho, Sung Jae Kim, Yong Ho Cha, Jae Lim Kim, Dong Kyu Kim und Sang Jun Kim. „Three-dimensional printed prosthesis demonstrates functional improvement in a patient with an amputated thumb: A technical note“. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, Nr. 1 (20.12.2016): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616679315.
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Background and Aim: Three-dimensional printer is widely used in industry, biology, and medical fields. We report a finger prosthesis produced by a three-dimensional scanner and printer for a 67-year-old man with a right thumb amputation above the metacarpophalangeal joint. Technique: His right amputated and left intact hands were scanned with a three-dimensional scanner, and the left-hand image was rotated to the right side to design the right thumb prosthesis. The designed prosthesis was printed with a three-dimensional printer using the fused filament fabrication output system. Discussion: The Jebsen–Taylor hand function test and Box and Block Test scores improved after application of the prosthesis. Most Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology results were “very satisfied,” and most Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey results were “very easy.” Preparing the prosthesis made by three-dimensional scanner and three-dimensional printer was faster and cheaper than preparing a conventional prosthesis. Clinical relevance Using three-dimensional scanning and printing technique, we can easily produce specifically shaped finger prostheses for specific movements in amputated patients with low cost.
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Avrin, Leila. „Hebraica Now! The Book Arts, 1991-1993“. Judaica Librarianship 8, Nr. 1 (01.09.1994): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1261.
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There have been several positive developments in the areas of Hebrew typography, fine and private printing, and artists' books from 1991 to 1993. The paper discusses recent typefaces by the Jerusalem designer Zvi Narkiss; the typographic experiments of Ariel Wardi, former head of the Printing Department of Hadassah College of Technology in Jerusalem, as well as a new Hebrew display letter, "Hillel," designed by Scott-Martin Kosofsky for the Harvard Hillel Sabbath Songbook. The works of two private presses are examined: that of the Santa Monica private printer Jacob Samuel in a book illustrated by Micha Ulmann, and that of Jerusalem's designer-bookbinder, Yehuda Miklaf. Two significant artists' books have appeared recently: Maftir Yonah, a limited hand-printed edition with calligraphy by David Moss and etchings by Mordechai Beck, printed at the Jerusalem Print Workshop, and The Six Days of Creation, a work in monoprint, with calligraphy and drawing by Malla Carl. Another milestone is the 1992 Hebrew translation by Israel's veteran printing expert, Gideon Stern, of the printer's manual, Bruckmann's Handbuch der Drucktechnik as Sefer ha-defus. It includes the history and essentials of Hebrew typography and serves as an invaluable reference work for the new generation of Hebrew printers.
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Baronio, Gabriele, Sami Harran und Alberto Signoroni. „A Critical Analysis of a Hand Orthosis Reverse Engineering and 3D Printing Process“. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8347478.
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The possibility to realize highly customized orthoses is receiving boost thanks to the widespread diffusion of low-cost 3D printing technologies. However, rapid prototyping (RP) with 3D printers is only the final stage of patient personalized orthotics processes. A reverse engineering (RE) process is in fact essential before RP, to digitize the 3D anatomy of interest and to process the obtained surface with suitable modeling software, in order to produce the virtual solid model of the orthosis to be printed. In this paper, we focus on the specific and demanding case of the customized production of hand orthosis. We design and test the essential steps of the entire production process with particular emphasis on the accurate acquisition of the forearm geometry and on the subsequent production of a printable model of the orthosis. The choice of the various hardware and software tools (3D scanner, modeling software, and FDM printer) is aimed at the mitigation of the design and production costs while guaranteeing suitable levels of data accuracy, process efficiency, and design versatility. Eventually, the proposed method is critically analyzed so that the residual issues and critical aspects are highlighted in order to discuss possible alternative approaches and to derive insightful observations that could guide future research activities.
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Ishikawa, Ren, und Kazuaki Hirana. „Development of Five-finger Robot Hand by Using 3D Printer“. Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2018 (2018): 2P2—D13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2018.2p2-d13.
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Takeda, Kohei, Shunichi Hayashi und Kazunori Ueki. „Deformation Properties of 3D Printed Shape Memory Polymer“. Key Engineering Materials 725 (Dezember 2016): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.378.
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Recently, the 3D printer which can make products in a short time without cutting or casting has been attracted worldwide attention. If we use the 3D printer, it is possible that a customized product which is well suited to the individual is fabricated with low cost and in a short time. On the other hand, in the intelligent materials, shape memory polymer (SMP) has been practically used. In SMP, shape fixity and shape recovery appear based on the difference of properties of molecular motion between above and below the glass transition temperature in temperature variation. The thermomechanical property of SMP is close to that of the human body around glass the transition temperature. Since SMP has these characteristics, it can be applied to the elements coming into contact with body as a nursing-care robot in the medical field. Hence, if we make a product with SMP using the 3D printer, the new device which is well suited to the individual can be developed. In the present paper, the deformation properties of SMP made by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer were investigated. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The deformation resistance and recovery strain in unloading of the 3D printed SMP under a low printing rate are higher and larger than these of the high printing rate. (2) If we heat the 3D printed SMP under a high printing rate, it does not recover the original shape perfectly since the residual stress appears during printing.
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DOWNTON, A. C., R. W. S. TREGIDGO und E. KABIR. „RECOGNITION AND VERIFICATION OF HARDWRITTEN AND HAND-PRINTER BRITISH POSTAL ADDRESSES“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 05, Nr. 01n02 (Juni 1991): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001491000168.
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An algorithmic architecture for a high-performance optical character recognition (OCR) system for hand-printed and handwritten addresses is proposed. The architecture integrates syntactic and contextual post-processing with character recognition to optimise postcode recognition performance, and verifies the postcode against simple features extracted from the remainder of the address to ensure a low error rate. An enhanced version of the characteristic loci character recognition algorithm was chosen for the system to make it tolerant of variations in writing style. Feature selection for the classifier is performed automatically using the B/W algorithm. Syntactic and contextual information for hand-printed British postcodes have been integrated into the system by combining low-level postcode syntax information with a dictionary trie structure. A full implementation of the postcode dictionary trie is described. Features which define the town name effectively, and can easily be extracted from a handwritten or hand-printed town name are used for postcode verification. A database totalling 3473 postcode/address image has used to evaluate the performance of the complete postcode recognition process. The basic character recognition rate for the full unconstrained alphanumeric character set is 63.1%, compared with an expected maximum attainable 75–80%. The addition of the syntactic and contextual knowledge stages produces an overall postcode recognition rate which is equivalent to an alphanumeric character recognition rate of 86–90%. Separate verification experiments on a subset of 820 address images show that, with the first-order features chosen, an overall correct address feature code extraction rate of around 35% is achieved.
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Kalas, David, Silvan Pretl, Jan Reboun, Radek Soukup und Ales Hamacek. „Towards Hand Model with Integrated Multichannel Sensor System for Thermal Testing of Protective Gloves“. Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, Nr. 4 (13.11.2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.13264.
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This paper deals with the development of a temperature sensor system consisting of multiple temperature sensors integrated into a model of a human hand and a system for data collection, processing and 3D visualization. The measuring part of the system uses temperature sensors TMP05, which enable daisy chain serial connection. The individual chains are then connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the temperature measurement and sends data to the computer, where data is processed, evaluated and visualized. The temperature sensors are mounted on flexible printed circuit boards which are placed into the human hand model and subsequently fixed by a UV curable adhesive. The model of the human hand is designed in accordance with the standard models for the production of rubber gloves and it is made on a 3D printer of polyamide PA6 filled with short carbon fibers. The final version of the system will have approximately two hundred sensors, which will be concentrated mainly in the area of fingers and back of the hand.
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Narlıoğlu, Nasir, Tufan Salan und Mehmet Hakkı Alma. „Properties of 3D-printed wood sawdust-reinforced PLA composites“. BioResources 16, Nr. 3 (15.06.2021): 5467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5467-5480.
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Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with different amounts of waste pine sawdust were investigated. To determine the mechanical properties of the obtained filaments, test samples were produced using a 3D printer according to the mechanical test standards. The filaments that were produced from blends that contained the wood sawdust at the highest level (20%) could be printed via a 3D printer without any problems. According to the results obtained from the mechanical tests, a decrease in the tensile strength values of the composites was observed with the addition of wood sawdust into the neat PLA polymer. On the other hand, it was determined that the flexural strength values of the wood sawdust/PLA composites significantly increased with the addition of the wood sawdust. It was concluded that the waste pine sawdust is a reasonable reinforcement material for the production of composite filament for 3D printing applications and it can be compatibly extruded with PLA polymer. Thus, sawdust can be used as a value-added waste source for the production of high-quality 3D polymeric materials.
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Kim, Sang Jun, Sung Jae Kim, Yong Ho Cha, Keun Ho Lee und Jeong-Yi Kwon. „Effect of personalized wrist orthosis for wrist pain with three-dimensional scanning and printing technique: A preliminary, randomized, controlled, open-label study“. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, Nr. 6 (16.07.2018): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364618785725.
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Background: Three-dimensional printer technology can produce the personalized orthosis in various forms. Objective: To develop a personalized wrist orthosis using a three-dimensional scanner and three-dimensional printer for patients with wrist pain. Study design: A preliminary, prospective, randomized, open-label study. Methods: A total of 22 patients with wrist pain were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. The control group wore a cock-up orthosis and the experimental group wore a three-dimensional-printed wrist orthosis for 1 week. The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation, Jebsen Hand Function Test, and Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey were checked before and 1 week after the application. Results: The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation showed significant pain relief in both groups. Two items of the 28 Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey questions, “Put toothpaste on brush and brush teeth” and “Dial a touch tone phone,” showed high satisfaction scores, with statistically significant difference in the experimental group ( p = 0.036 and 0.004). Conclusion: The three-dimensional-printed wrist orthosis was superior to the cock-up orthosis for two items of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey. Wrist pain was reduced in the group wearing the three-dimensional-printed wrist orthosis as well as the group wearing the cock-up orthosis, so the three-dimensional-printed wrist orthosis could possibly play the same role as the cock-up orthosis. Clinical relevance A three-dimensional-printed wrist orthosis can be a substitute for a conventional ready-made wrist orthosis for patients with wrist pain with more satisfaction.
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Păcurar, Răzvan, Ancuţa Păcurar, Florin Popişter und Anca Popişter. „Finite Element Analysis to Improve the Accuracy of ABS Plastic Parts Made by Desktop 3D Printing Method“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 760 (Mai 2015): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.760.509.
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The development of low-cost desktop versions of three-dimensional (3D) printers has made these devices widely accessible for rapid prototyping and small-scale manufacturing in home and office settings. Many desktop 3D printers rely fused deposition modeling process, that it is based on heated thermoplastic filiform material that it is extrused through a nozzle and deposited afterwards onto a heated building platform. The extruding accuracy in part fabrication is subject to transmission machinery and filament diameter on one hand and the technological parameters that are used in the manufacturing process (raster angle, tool path, slice thickness, build orientation, deposition speed, building temperature, etc.) on the other hand. The presented work try to investigate by using the finite element method, how the building temperature in close connection with the material characteristics is influencing the accuracy of a test part that has been designed in order to callibrate an Desktop 3D Printer machine that has been originally designed and produced at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (TUC-N).
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Wolterink, Gerjan, Pedro Dias, Remco G. P. Sanders, Frodo Muijzer, Bert-Jan van Beijnum, Peter Veltink und Gijs Krijnen. „Development of Soft sEMG Sensing Structures Using 3D-Printing Technologies“. Sensors 20, Nr. 15 (31.07.2020): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154292.
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3D printing of soft EMG sensing structures enables the creation of personalized sensing structures that can be potentially integrated in prosthetic, assistive and other devices. We developed and characterized flexible carbon-black doped TPU-based sEMG sensing structures. The structures are directly 3D-printed without the need for an additional post-processing step using a low-cost, consumer grade multi-material FDM printer. A comparison between the gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes and the 3D-printed EMG electrodes with a comparable contact area shows that there is no significant difference in the EMG signals’ amplitude. The sensors are capable of distinguishing a variable level of muscle activity of the biceps brachii. Furthermore, as a proof of principle, sEMG data of a 3D-printed 8-electrode band are analyzed using a patten recognition algorithm to recognize hand gestures. This work shows that 3D-printed sEMG electrodes have great potential in practical applications.
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HIRANO, Yasuyuki, Yuuki MISHIMA und Ryuta OZAWA. „3P1-R03 Development of a simple assembly robotic hand with 3D printer(Robot Hand Mechanism and Grasping Strategy (1))“. Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2014 (2014): _3P1—R03_1—_3P1—R03_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2014._3p1-r03_1.
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Mou, Younss Ait, und Muammer Koc. „Dimensional capability of selected 3DP technologies“. Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, Nr. 5 (10.06.2019): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-03-2019-0061.
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Purpose This paper aims to report on the findings of an investigation to compare three different three-dimensional printing (3DP) or additive manufacturing technologies [i.e. fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA) and material jetting (MJ)] and four different equipment (FDM, SLA, MJP 2600 and Object 260) in terms of their dimensional process capability (dimensional accuracy and surface roughness). It provides a comprehensive and comparative understanding about the level of attainable dimensional accuracy, repeatability and surface roughness of commonly used 3DP technologies. It is expected that these findings will help other researchers and industrialists in choosing the right technology and equipment for a given 3DP application. Design/methodology/approach A benchmark model of 5 × 5 cm with several common and challenging features, such as around protrusion and hole, flat surface, micro-scale ribs and micro-scale long channels was designed and printed repeatedly using four different equipment of three different 3DP technologies. The dimensional accuracy of the printed models was measured using non-contact digital measurement methods. The surface roughness was evaluated using a digital profilometer. Finally, the surface quality and edge sharpness were evaluated under a reflected light ZEISS microscope with a 50× magnification objective. Findings The results show that FDM technology with the used equipment results in a rough surface and loose dimensional accuracy. The SLA printer produced a smoother surface, but resulted in the distortion of thin features (<1 mm). MJ printers, on the other hand, produced comparable surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. However, ProJet MJP 3600 produced sharper edges when compared to the Objet 260 that produced round edges. Originality/value This paper, for the first time, provides a comprehensive comparison of three different commonly used 3DP technologies in terms of their dimensional capability and surface roughness without farther post-processing. Thus, it offers a reliable guideline for design consideration and printer selection based on the target application.
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Alsoufi, Mohammad, und Abdulrhman Elsayed. „Quantitative analysis of 0% infill density surface profile of printed part fabricated by personal FDM 3D printer“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 1 (06.01.2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8345.
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Fused deposition modeling or FDM technology is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology commonly used for prototyping applications which suffer seriously from low levels of fluctuated surface finish quality, demanding some hand finishing tool for even the necessary levels of 3D printed parts. This paper, therefore, aims at giving close attention to the variation in the surface roughness profile between the inner and the outer faces of FDM 3D printed parts based on advanced polylactic acid (PLA+) thermoplastic filament material. The surface roughness is quantitatively analyzed using a contact-type test-rig with a 90° angle measurement on each face along with each zone and sub-zone. The obtained results revealed that the surface finish of the inner faces is rougher than those of the outer faces as regards nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, infill density and layer height is 220°C, 0.5 mm, 0% and 0.3 mm, respectively. The personal FDM 3D printer is thus confirmed to be an excellent platform, flexible, straightforward and cost-effective.
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Ismail, Rifky, Rilo Berdin Taqriban, Mochammad Ariyanto, Ali Tri Atmaja, Sugiyanto, Wahyu Caesarendra, Adam Glowacz, Muhammad Irfan und Witold Glowacz. „Affordable and Faster Transradial Prosthetic Socket Production Using Photogrammetry and 3D Printing“. Electronics 9, Nr. 9 (07.09.2020): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091456.
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This study aims to invent a new, low-cost, and faster method of prosthetic socket fabrication, especially in Indonesia. In this paper, the photogrammetry with the 3D printing method is introduced as the new applicative way for transradial prosthetic making. Photogrammetry is used to retrieve a 3D model of the amputated hand stump using a digital camera. A digital camera is used for photogrammetry technique and the resulting 3D model is printed using a circular 3D printer with Polylactic acid (PLA) material. The conventional casting socket fabrication method was also conducted in this study as a comparison. Both prosthetic sockets were analyzed for usability, and sectional area conformities to determine the size deviation using the image processing method. This study concludes that the manufacturing of transradial prosthetic sockets incorporating the photogrammetry technique reduces the total man-hour production. Based on the results, it can be implied that the photogrammetry technique is a more efficient and economical method compared to the conventional casting method. The 3D printed socket resulting from the photogrammetry method has a 5–19% area deviation to the casting socket but it is still preferable and adjustable for the transradial amputee when applied to the stump of the remaining hand.
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Devaraja, Rahul Raj, Rytis Maskeliūnas und Robertas Damaševičius. „Design and Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand for Object Grasping and Shape Recognition“. Computers 10, Nr. 1 (22.12.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10010001.
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We developed an anthropomorphic multi-finger artificial hand for a fine-scale object grasping task, sensing the grasped object’s shape. The robotic hand was created using the 3D printer and has the servo bed for stand-alone finger movement. The data containing the robotic fingers’ angular position are acquired using the Leap Motion device, and a hybrid Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for object shape identification. We trained the designed robotic hand on a few monotonous convex-shaped items similar to everyday objects (ball, cylinder, and rectangular box) using supervised learning techniques. We achieve the mean accuracy of object shape recognition of 94.4%.
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Jaber, Haneen Mahdi, Muhammed Abdul -Sattar und Nabel Kadhim Abd al-Sahib. „Developing a Prosthesis Design using A Gearbox to Replicate the Human Hand Mechanism“. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 16, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2020.04.001.
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Prosthetic is an artificial tool that replaces a member of the human frame that is absent because of ailment, damage, or distortion. The current research activities in Iraq draw interest to the upper limb discipline because of the growth in the number of amputees. Thus, it becomes necessary to increase researches in this subject to help in reducing the struggling patients. This paper describes the design and development of a prosthesis for people able and wear them from persons who have amputation in the hands. This design is composed of a hand with five fingers moving by means of a gearbox ism mechanism. The design of this artificial hand has 5 degrees of freedom. This artificial hand works based on the principle of under actuated system. The used motor is 6V Polulu high-power carbon brush micro metal gearmotor with gear ratio equal to 50:1. The motor was chosen due to its compactness and cheapness. The hand manufacturing process was done using a 3D printer and using polylactic acid material. Numbers of experiments were accomplished using the designed hand for gripping objects. Initially, the electromyography signal (EMG) was recorded when the muscle contracted in one second, two seconds, three seconds. The synthetic hand was able to produce a range of gestures and grasping for objects.
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Brewin, Robert, Thomas Brewin, Joseph Phillips, Sophie Rose, Anas Abdulaziz, Werenfrid Wimmer, Shubha Sathyendranath und Trevor Platt. „A Printable Device for Measuring Clarity and Colour in Lake and Nearshore Waters“. Sensors 19, Nr. 4 (22.02.2019): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040936.
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Two expanding areas of science and technology are citizen science and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Citizen science has a proven capability to generate reliable data and contribute to unexpected scientific discovery. It can put science into the hands of the citizens, increasing understanding, promoting environmental stewardship, and leading to the production of large databases for use in environmental monitoring. 3D printing has the potential to create cheap, bespoke scientific instruments that have formerly required dedicated facilities to assemble. It can put instrument manufacturing into the hands of any citizen who has access to a 3D printer. In this paper, we present a simple hand-held device designed to measure the Secchi depth and water colour (Forel Ule scale) of lake, estuarine and nearshore regions. The device is manufactured with marine resistant materials (mostly biodegradable) using a 3D printer and basic workshop tools. It is inexpensive to manufacture, lightweight, easy to use, and accessible to a wide range of users. It builds on a long tradition in optical limnology and oceanography, but is modified for ease of operation in smaller water bodies, and from small watercraft and platforms. We provide detailed instructions on how to build the device and highlight examples of its use for scientific education, citizen science, satellite validation of ocean colour data, and low-cost monitoring of water clarity, colour and temperature.
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Liu, Xinhua, Xianhua Zheng und Shengpeng Li. „Development of a humanoid robot hand with coupling four-bar linkage“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 168781401668631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016686313.
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To improve the operating performance of robots’ end-effector, a humanoid robot hand based on coupling four-bar linkage was designed. An improved transmission system was proposed for the base joint of the thumb. Thus, a far greater motion range and more reasonable layout of the palm were obtained. Moreover, the mathematical model for kinematics simulation was presented based on the Assur linkage group theory to verify and optimize the proposed structure. To research the motion relationships between the fingers and the object in the process of grasping object, the grasping analysis of multi-finger manipulation was presented based on contact kinematics. Finally, a prototype of the humanoid robot hand was produced by a three-dimensional printer, and a kinematics simulation example and the workspace solving of the humanoid robot hand were carried out. The results showed that the velocities of finger joints approximately met the proportion relationship 1:1:1, which accorded with the grasping law of the human hand. In addition, the large workspace, reasonable layout, and good manipulability of the humanoid robot hand were verified.
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Ding, Shirun, und Bing Feng Ng. „Particle emission levels in the user operating environment of powder, ink and filament-based 3D printers“. Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, Nr. 6 (16.06.2021): 1124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2020-0039.
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Purpose This study aims to examine on-site particle concentration levels due to emissions from a wide spectrum of additive manufacturing techniques, including polymer-based material extrusion, metal and polymer-based powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition and ink-based material jetting. Design/methodology/approach Particle concentrations in the operating environments of users were measured using a combination of particle sizers including the TSI 3910 Nano SMPS (10–420 nm) and the TSI 3330 optical particle sizer (0.3–10 µm). Also, fumes from a MEX printer during printing were directly captured using laser imaging method. Findings The number and mass concentration of submicron particles emitted from a desktop open-type MEX printer for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polyvinyl alcohol approached and significantly exceeded the nanoparticle reference limits, respectively. Through laser imaging, fumes were observed to originate from the printer nozzle and from newly deposited layers of the desktop MEX printer. On the other hand, caution should be taken in the pre-processing of metal and polymer powder. Specifically, one to ten micrometers of particles were observed during the sieving, loading and cleaning of powder, with transient mass concentrations ranging between 150 and 9,000 µg/m3 that significantly exceeded the threshold level suggested for indoor air quality. Originality/value Preliminary investigation into possible exposures to particle emissions from different 3D printing processes was done, which is useful for the sustainable development of the 3D printing industry. In addition, automatic processes that enable “closed powder cycle” or “powder free handling” should be adopted to prevent users from unnecessary particle exposure.
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Belen, Aysu, Peyman Mahouti, Filiz Gunes und Ozlem Tari. „Gain Enhancement of a Traditional Horn Antenna using 3D Printed Square-Shaped Multi-layer Dielectric Lens for X-band Applications“. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, Nr. 2 (16.03.2021): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360203.
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In this work, gain of a traditional horn antenna is enhanced up to 2.9 dB over X-band using 3D printed square-shaped multi-layer lens. For this purpose, firstly the multi-layer lenses are designed using Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) and simulated in 3-D CST Microwave Studio (MWS) environment as consisting of square-shaped five layers with variable dielectric constants and heights. Thus, optimum values of the dielectric constants and heights are resulted limiting from 1.15 to 2.1 and 9.2 mm to 10 mm, respectively compatible for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based 3D-printing process. Finally, the optimum lens is realized by 3D printer via FDM evaluating infill rate of cheap Polylactic Acid (PLA) material for each layer. The simulated and measured performance of the multi-layer dielectric structures are hand to hand. The horn antenna equipped by our proposed dielectric lens achieves gain enhancement of the traditional antenna up to 2.9 dB over the operation band. Furthermore, the proposed design is compared with the counterpart designs in literature and based on the comparison results it can be said that the proposed design achieves the better performance in the smaller in size as equipped a traditional X-band horn antenna.
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Nugroho, Yohanes Eko. „Kit Hand Made Berbahan Limbah untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Alat Optik“. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Fisika 9, Nr. 1 (21.05.2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/jp2f.v9i1.2346.
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There are two problems that underlie the classroom action research. First, the learning process is still dominated by lectures method and less empowering environment to develop the lesson materials. As a result, student competence is still far from expectations. Based on preliminary observations, in terms of daily test results VIII C grade on the subject matter “reflection and refraction of light”, indicating learning outcomes are still low. Classical completeness only reached 33.33% is still far from the minimum limit is 75%, and the average value of daily tests only 66.85, it is still far minimum completeness criteria is 75.00. While looking at the aspect of the achievement of scientific character, especially creativity, the majority of students are still far from the creative criteria. The qualitative value of creativity is considered good only 37.04%and 18.52% categorized quite creative. The remaining 44.44% of students categorized as less creative. Second, the quantity of waste every day are increasing the rate of production and consumption patterns. Such concerns foster ideas to make KIT Hand Madebased waste, such as milk cans, plastic bottles, syringes printer ink, plastic straws, plastic pipes, and others. Classroom action research carried out in three cycles. Cycle III, students who demonstrate creativity with a good reach 88.89%. Classical learning completeness reached 81.48% with an average value of 79.07. The science competence have increased significantly.
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Łukaszewski, Krzysztof, Radosław Wichniarek und Filip Górski. „Determination of the Elasticity Modulus of Additively Manufactured Wrist Hand Orthoses“. Materials 13, Nr. 19 (01.10.2020): 4379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194379.
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The article describes the experimental and simulation research on the material properties of the individualized wrist orthoses produced in the additive manufacturing (AM) process by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The authors produced a series of standard (normalized) samples for three-point bending from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament on a low-budget 3D printer and a series of samples in the shape of a fragment of the orthosis and the entire orthosis. All types of samples were subjected to experimental tests on a universal testing machine, which allowed us to determine the modulus of elasticity of the produced materials by comparing it with finite element method (FEM) simulation models in the ABAQUS environment. The adopted research methodology allowed us to compare the material properties of the material of the entire product—wrist hand orthosis (WHO)—with the material properties of standard bending samples. The obtained values of Young’s modulus are characterized by a large discrepancy between the standard samples and the entire orthosis. On the other hand, the samples with the shape of the middle part of the orthosis were similar in the value of Young’s modulus to the results obtained during the examination of the complete orthosis.
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Fan, Qinguo, Hongxia Xue und Yong K. Kim. „Effect of UV Curable Pretreatments on the Color Quality of Inkjet Printed Polyester Fabrics“. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 12, Nr. 1 (01.02.2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-12-01-2008-b001.
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Woven and knitted polyester fabrics were pretreated with formulations containing waterborne UV curable resins and silica particles to improve inkjet print quality. The selected formulations were applied with low add-on to reduce the adverse effect on fabric hand without sacrificing the print quality. A print pattern with block areas and lines in cyan, magenta, yellow, and black colors was designed and inkjet printed on the pretreated fabrics with a wide-format inkjet printer (Encad Novajet 750) to investigate the effects of the UV curable pretreatment on the inkjet print color qualities including color depth, color gamut and color lightness. Experimental results show that both the color depth and gamut of prints on the pretreated taffeta and knitted polyester fabrics were enhanced compared to those on untreated polyester fabrics. However, both the color depth and gamut of the prints on the pretreated satin polyester fabrics were reduced. The lightness change of the inkjet printed colors on pretreated knitted fabrics is similar to that of untreated fabrics whereas the lightness change of prints on pretreated satin and taffeta fabrics shows some differences. All colors have increased lightness on pretreated satin fabrics. However, magenta and black have decreased lightness on the pretreated taffeta fabrics.
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Eylert, G., R. Cheng, S. He, J. Gariepy, A. Parousis, A. Datu, A. Guenther und M. G. Jeschke. „519 Development and Use of an Intraoperatively Usable Hand-Held Bio-Printer Delivering Mesenchymal Stem Cells In-situ“. Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, Supplement_1 (08.03.2019): S235—S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz013.409.
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Rodgers, R. P. C. „A complete system for barcode generation on the HP-41CX hand-held computer using a standard thermal printer“. Computers in Biology and Medicine 15, Nr. 6 (Januar 1985): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4825(85)90075-7.
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Torah, Russel, Yang Wei, Neil Grabham, Yi Li, Marc de Vos, Todor Todorov, Boris Popov et al. „Enabling platform technology for smart fabric design and printing“. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (Januar 2019): 155892501984590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019845903.
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A hardware and software platform is presented enabling the design, and realisation via printing, of smart fabrics. The cultural and creative industries are an important economic area within which designers frequently utilise fabrics. Smart fabrics offer further creative opportunities to the cultural and creative industries, but designers often lack the required specialist knowledge, in electronics, software and materials, to produce smart fabrics. The software platform offers the ability to perform design, layout and visualisation of a smart fabric using a library of standard smart fabric functions (e.g. electroluminescence) so specialist expertise is not needed. Operation of the smart fabric can be simulated, and parameters can be set for smart fabric control electronics, which consists of standard circuit board modules. The software also provides driver code for the hardware platform to print the smart fabric. The hardware platform consists of a bespoke dispenser printer; functional inks are deposited via a pneumatic syringe controlled by the driver software, allowing bespoke rapid prototyped smart fabrics to be printed. Operation of the software and hardware system is demonstrated by the realisation of an interactive smart fabric consisting of electroluminescent lamps controlled by a proximity sensor. The modular electronics are used to control the smart fabric operation using embedded code generated by the software platform. For example, the blink rate of the electroluminescent lamp can be adjusted by the proximity of a hand. This control is achieved by the use of intuitive drop-down menus and input/output selections by the creative user. At present, the platform allows the design, print and implementation of smart fabrics incorporating the functions of colour change, electroluminescence, sound emission and proximity sensing. The platform can be expanded to add additional functions in the future and the printer will be compatible with new inks developed for screen and inkjet printing.
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Yurchenko, A. V. „Formation of the database using the results of mechanical testing of the samples obtained by additive technologies“. Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, Nr. 10 (14.10.2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-10-56-65.
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We present methodological developments and approach to the formation of the database proceeding from the results of mechanical tests of the samples obtained by Fused Deposition Method (FDM) on a Fortus 380 mc 3D-printer using ABS-plastic. The material of 3D-printed structures reveals a natural anisotropy of the mechanical characteristics which are to be studied prior to developing of the mathematical models. Such studies are always limited by the goals and capabilities of researchers, on the one hand, but, on the other hand, they are aimed at sharing and integrating of the results obtained by various research groups. The accumulated data provide the opportunities for in-depth study and understanding of the general patterns and features of deformation of the materials obtained by additive technologies. Therefore, the data on their mechanical testing and processing should be available in the open (or limited) access. Data of standard tests for three-point bending of the samples that differ in the orientation of deposited layers considered together with the initial data and documents, the developed test program and data the final report were used to form a desired database. Formation of this database is an example that demonstrates an approach to arranging the scientific data which implements the key principles of data availability. The developed approach provides the possibility of structuring complex data sets keeping an independent access to each of the objects. The generated database is available at https://od.ict.sc/DuPXcR.
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De León, Alejandro Bonnet, Jose Luis Saorin, Jorge De la Torre-Cantero, Cecile Meier und María Cabrera-Pardo. „Flexible 3D Printed Molds for Educational Use. Digital Fabrication of 3D Typography“. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 15, Nr. 13 (30.09.2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v15i13.11155.
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<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the drawbacks of using 3D printers in educational environments is that the creation time of each piece is high and therefore it is difficult to manufacture at least one piece for each student. This aspect is important so that each student can feel part of the manufacturing process. To achieve this, 3D printers can be used, not to make pieces, but to make the molds that students use to create replicas. On the other hand, for a mold to be used to make several pieces, it is convenient to make it with flexible material. However, most used material for 3D printers (PLA) is very rigid. To solve this problem, this article designs a methodology that allows the use of low-cost 3D printers (most common in school environments) with flexible material so that each mold can be used to manufacture parts for several students. To print flexible material with low-cost printers, it is necessary to adapt the machine and the print parameters to work properly. This article analyzes the changes to be made with a low cost 3D printer and validates the use of molds in school environments. A pilot test has been carried out with 8 students of the subject of Typography, in the School of Art and Superior of Design of Tenerife. During the activity, the students carried out the process of designing a typography and creating digital molds for 3D printing with flexible material. The designs were made using free 3D modeling programs and low-cost technologies.</span></p>
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Chen, Yi Ping, und Ming Der Yang. „Micro-Scale Manufacture of 3D Printing“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (Oktober 2014): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.936.
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3D printing as additive manufacturing enables to give concept proposers and designers a great possibility of producing physical parts and concept models at acceptable cost during a short time. Such technology is quite distinct from traditional machining techniques adopting subtractive process. The purpose of this study is to briefly describe new micro-scale manufacture utilizing a series of process of 3D printing, including 3D modeling, 3D model slicing, printing, and products. Especially, 3D modeling is one of major components in 3D printing process and becomes a barrier to entry the business of micro-scale manufacture for everyone with a 3-D printer. This paper introduces two low-cost approaches to generate 3D models, including active and passive approaches. 3D scanning as an active approach allows the replication of real objects without the need of moulding techniques. On the other hand, image-based modeling as a passive is an alternative of un-touch model reconstruction without a threat of destructive impact to the modeled object. Also, a statue in gypsum was made by a 3D printer based on a digital 3D model generated through the low-cost active approach for demonstration.
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Kuschmitz, Sebastian, Arne Schirp, Johannes Busse, Hagen Watschke, Claudia Schirp und Thomas Vietor. „Development and Processing of Continuous Flax and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by a Modified Material Extrusion Process“. Materials 14, Nr. 9 (30.04.2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092332.
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Additive manufacturing, especially material extrusion (MEX), has received a lot of attention recently. The reasons for this are the numerous advantages compared to conventional manufacturing processes, which result in various new possibilities for product development and -design. By applying material layer by layer, parts with complex, load-path optimized geometries can be manufactured at neutral costs. To expand the application fields of MEX, high-strength and simultaneously lightweight materials are required which fulfill the requirements of highly resilient technical parts. For instance, the embedding of continuous carbon and flax fibers in a polymer matrix offers great potential for this. To achieve the highest possible variability with regard to the material combinations while ensuring simple and economical production, the fiber–matrix bonding should be carried out in one process step together with the actual parts manufacture. This paper deals with the adaptation and improvement of the 3D printer on the one hand and the characterization of 3D printed test specimens based on carbon and flax fibers on the other hand. For this purpose, the print head development for in-situ processing of contin uous fiber-reinforced parts with improved mechanical properties is described. It was determined that compared to neat polylactic acid (PLA), the continuous fiber-reinforced test specimens achieve up to 430% higher tensile strength and 890% higher tensile modulus for the carbon fiber reinforcement and an increase of up to 325% in tensile strength and 570% in tensile modulus for the flax fibers. Similar improvements in performance were achieved in the bending tests.
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bin Imtiaz, Muhammad Saad, Channa Babar Ali, Zareena Kausar, Syed Yaseen Shah, Syed Aziz Shah, Jawad Ahmad, Muhammad Ali Imran und Qammer Hussain Abbasi. „Design of Portable Exoskeleton Forearm for Rehabilitation of Monoparesis Patients Using Tendon Flexion Sensing Mechanism for Health Care Applications“. Electronics 10, Nr. 11 (27.05.2021): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111279.
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Technology plays a vital role in patient rehabilitation, improving the quality of life of an individual. The increase in functional independence of disabled individuals requires adaptive and commercially available solutions. The use of sensor-based technology helps patients and therapeutic practices beyond traditional therapy. Adapting skeletal tracking technology could automate exercise tracking, records, and feedback for patient motivation and clinical treatment interventions and planning. In this paper, an exoskeleton was designed and subsequently developed for patients who are suffering from monoparesis in the upper extremities. The exoskeleton was developed according to the dimensions of a patient using a 3D scanner, and then fabricated with a 3D printer; the mechanism for the movement of the hand is a tendon flexion mechanism with servo motor actuators controlled by an ATMega2560 microcontroller. The exoskeleton was used for force augmentation of the patient’s hand by taking the input from the hand via flex sensors, and assisted the patient in closing, opening, grasping, and picking up objects, and it was also able to perform certain exercises for the rehabilitation of the patient. The exoskeleton is portable, reliable, durable, intuitive, and easy to install and use at any time.
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Liu, Pengpeng, Yawen Guo, Yihong Wu, Junyan Chen und Yabin Yang. „A Low-Cost Electrochemical Metal 3D Printer Based on a Microfluidic System for Printing Mesoscale Objects“. Crystals 10, Nr. 4 (28.03.2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040257.
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For the additive manufacturing (AM) of metal objects, the powder-based fusion (PBF) method is routinely utilized to fabricate macroscale parts. On the other hand, electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM), in which metallic structures are deposited through the electrochemical reduction of metal ions, is a promising technique for producing micro- and nanoscale objects. However, a gap exists in terms of fabricating mesoscale objects within the current AM techniques. The PBF method is limited by fabrication precision due to pronounced residual stresses, and most current ECAM systems are difficult to scale up to print mesoscale objects. In the present paper, the novel design of a low-cost ECAM 3D printer based on a microfluidic system is proposed for fabricating mesoscale metal parts. The meniscus-guided electrodeposition approach is utilized, in which a meniscus is formed between the print head and substrate, and electrodeposition is confined within the meniscus. A 3D object is fabricated by the meniscus moving with the print head according to the programmed pattern and the material subsequently being deposited at the designated locations. The key to the proposed design is to maintain a mesoscale meniscus, which normally cannot be sustained by the electrolyte surface tension with a print nozzle having a mesoscale diameter. Therefore, a microfluidic system, called the fountain pen feed system, constituting a semi-open main channel and comb structure, was designed to maintain a mesoscale meniscus throughout the printing process. Two materials, copper and nickel, with various geometric shapes were attempted to print by the proposed ECAM system, and, during the printing process, both fluid leaking and meniscus breaking were completely prevented. Free standing tilted copper pillars with controlled angles were printed to show the ability of the proposed design in fabricating 3D structures. A copper circuit was also printed on a non-conductive substrate to demonstrate a possible application of the proposed ECAM system in the fabrication of functional electronics.
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Joshi, Kushal, Vanessa Velasco und Rahim Esfandyarpour. „A Low-Cost, Disposable and Portable Inkjet-Printed Biochip for the Developing World“. Sensors 20, Nr. 12 (25.06.2020): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123593.
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Electrowetting on dielectric-based digital microfluidic platforms (EWOD-DMF) have a potential to impact point-of-care diagnostics. Conventionally, EWOD-DMF platforms are manufactured in cleanrooms by expert technicians using costly and time consuming micro-nanofabrication processes such as optical lithography, depositions and etching. However, such high-end microfabrication facilities are extremely challenging to establish in resource-poor and low-income countries, due to their high capital investment and operating costs. This makes the fabrication of EWOD-DMF platforms extremely challenging in low-income countries, where such platforms are most needed for many applications such as point-of-care testing applications. To address this challenge, we present a low-cost and simple fabrication procedure for EWOD-DMF electrode arrays, which can be performed anywhere with a commercial office inkjet printer without the need of expensive cleanroom facilities. We demonstrate the utility of our platform to move and mix droplets of different reagents and physiologically conductive buffers, thereby showing its capability to potentially perform a variety of biochemical assays. By combining our low-cost, inkjet-printed EWOD-DMF platform with smartphone imaging technology and a compact control system for droplet manipulation, we also demonstrate a portable and hand-held device which can be programmed to potentially perform a variety of biochemical assays.
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Steenhuis, Harm-Jan, und Leon Pretorius. „Consumer additive manufacturing or 3D printing adoption: an exploratory study“. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 27, Nr. 7 (05.09.2016): 990–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore what underlies the development of the consumer 3D printing industry and gain insight into future developments and its potentially disruptive impact on the existing manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach A combination of approaches was followed. Initially a consumer 3D printer was purchased to gain first-hand experience as part of a practical research case study. Results were discussed with manufacturers and additional information was sought, and triangulated, via a survey and an exploratory bibliometric study. Findings Many characteristics are in place to identify consumer 3D printing as a potential disruptive technology for the manufacturing industry. For example, the cost of consumer 3D printing is lower than for traditional manufacturing. However, the current adoption rate is low and the user friendliness and technological capabilities need to improve. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the exploratory nature of the study which does not allow generalizations. Practical implications If developments and adoption patterns continue, then traditional manufacturing industries, distribution channels and the transportation sector may become threatened. Social implications Technological advances in consumer manufacturing can potentially threaten several economic sectors, which can lead to loss of jobs and affect budgets of states of countries that depend on sales tax. Originality/value One of the first studies to employ experiments in combination with other methods to gain insight into adoption patterns and the disruptive nature of consumer 3D printers specifically, rather than industrial 3D printers or new business models as a result of 3D printing technology.
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Walravens, Hartmut. „Letters by J.P.A. Rémusat to Schilling von Canstadt (1817–1829) in the Orientalists Archives of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences“. Written Monuments of the Orient 6, Nr. 1 (25.08.2020): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo35191.
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The paper documents the relationship between the inventor, printer and collector of Oriental books P.L. Schilling von Canstadt and the Orientalist J.P. Abel Rmusat by means of their extant correspondence. The bibliophile with a splendid Oriental library was a welcome partner and correspondent as he could and often would help colleagues with his rarities not to be found anywhere else in Europe. His expertise in printing Oriental scripts was attractive, too, as Orientalists were in need of adding Oriental scripts to their publications. Rmusat, on the other hand, wrote evaluations for the Petersburg dictionary project and publicized Schillings Chinese publications as models of perfect printing art. There is also a memo from Fr. Gass to Schilling, which gives some details about their printing experiments.
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Sule, Salil S., Aliaksei L. Petsiuk und Joshua M. Pearce. „Open Source Completely 3-D Printable Centrifuge“. Instruments 3, Nr. 2 (18.05.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3020030.
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Centrifuges are commonly required devices in medical diagnostics facilities as well as scientific laboratories. Although there are commercial and open source centrifuges, the costs of the former and the required electricity to operate the latter limit accessibility in resource-constrained settings. There is a need for low-cost, human-powered, verified, and reliable lab-scale centrifuges. This study provides the designs for a low-cost 100% 3-D printed centrifuge, which can be fabricated on any low-cost RepRap-class (self-replicating rapid prototyper) fused filament fabrication (FFF)- or fused particle fabrication (FPF)-based 3-D printer. In addition, validation procedures are provided using a web camera and free and open source software. This paper provides the complete open source plans, including instructions for the fabrication and operation of a hand-powered centrifuge. This study successfully tested and validated the instrument, which can be operated anywhere in the world with no electricity inputs, obtaining a radial velocity of over 1750 rpm and over 50 N of relative centrifugal force. Using commercial filament, the instrument costs about U.S. $25, which is less than half of all commercially available systems. However, the costs can be dropped further using recycled plastics on open source systems for over 99% savings. The results are discussed in the context of resource-constrained medical and scientific facilities.
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Ji, Dong-Min, Won-Suk Jung und Sung-Hoon Kim. „Wireless Manipulation Mechanism and Analysis for Actively Assistive Pinch Movements“. Sensors 21, Nr. 18 (16.09.2021): 6216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186216.
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Pinching motions are important for holding and retaining objects with precision. Therefore, training exercises for the thumb and index finger are extremely important in the field of hand rehabilitation. Considering the need for training convenience, we developed a device and a driving system to assist pinching motions actively via a lightweight, simple, and wireless mechanism driven by the magnetic forces and torques generated by magnets attached to the tip of these two fingers. This device provides accurate pinching motions through the linking structures connecting the two magnets. The fabricated device has minimal mechanical elements with an ultralightweight of 57.2 g. The magnetic field, the intensity of which is based on the time variant, generates a pinching motion between the thumb and index finger, thus rendering it possible to achieve repetitive training. To verify the generation of an active pinching motion, we fabricated a finger model using a 3D printer and a rubber sheet and observed the active motions generated by the newly developed device. We also verified the performance of the proposed mechanism and driving method via various experiments and magnetic simulations. The proposed mechanism represents an important breakthrough for patients requiring hand rehabilitation and wearable assistive motion devices.
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Frank, M. S., und E. J. Stern. „Composing documents for radiologic education: value of a computer workstation integrated with a hand-held digitizer and a 600 DPI laser printer.“ American Journal of Roentgenology 163, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1994): 1501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.163.6.7992755.
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Saniman, M. N. F., M. H. M Hashim, K. A. Mohammad, K. A. Abd Wahid, W. M. Wan Muhamad und N. H. Noor Mohamed. „Tensile Characteristics of Low Density Infill Patterns for Mass Reduction of 3D Printed Polylactic Parts“. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, Nr. 2 (03.07.2020): 7927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.2.2020.11.0592.
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Various infill patterns are introduced in 3D printing to generate low density objects that leads to reduced cost and fabrication time through mass reduction. However, as a trade-off, the strength of the 3D printed component is uncertain. Confusions arise in determining the infill pattern with highest value of tensile strength since most studies limited only to rectilinear, honeycomb, and concentric infill patterns. As consequences, there are very little information on rarely used infill patterns such as Hilbert curve, Archimedean cord and octagram spiral. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the tensile strength and strain of all infill patterns in mass reduction of 3D printed components experimentally. Following ASTM D638 type III standard, ten tensile test specimens of each infill patterns with 20% density were printed with an FFF 3D printer and were then tested. It was found that Archimedean cords infill pattern had the highest specific tensile strength of 33.23×103 MPa∙mm3/g which made it as the optimum infill pattern for the mass reduction of 3D printed parts with a high tensile strength. On the other hand, having the highest specific tensile strain of 18.21×103 %∙mm3/g, concentric infill pattern was found to be more suitable for producing lightweight parts with a higher elongation before break. Additionally, Hilbert curve infill was the worst selection for mass reduction since it had the lowest values of specific tensile strength and specific strain of 19.80×103 MPa∙mm3/g and 8.34 %∙mm3/g, respectively. Nevertheless, the trends of tensile strength and strain of all six infill patterns had been obtained, especially for rarely investigated infill patterns of Archimedean cords, octagram spiral, and Hilbert curve. Specifically, the trend from the strongest to the weakest (in % compared to solid) for specific tensile strength is rectilinear (38.57%), Archimedean chords (37.29%), concentric (36.57%), octagram spiral (34.79%), honeycomb (27.84%), and Hilbert curve (22.25%), while for specific strain is concentric (102.6%), octagram spiral (83.94%), rectilinear (78.22%), Archimedean cords (77.99%), honeycomb (54.84%), and Hilbert curve (45.14%).
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Kitamura, Kazuhiro. „Shape Memory Properties of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy / Shape Memory Polymer Composites Using Additive Manufacturing“. Materials Science Forum 1016 (Januar 2021): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.697.
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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have the disadvantage that cooling is difficult and the actuating speed during cooling is slow. To resolve this problem, shape memory material actuators that operate only with heating is required. SMAs are characterized by a low apparent Young's modulus below the transformation temperature and a strong shape recovery force above the reverse transformation temperature. Alternatively, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have two properties: shape fixability and shape recovery. The SMPs are hardened below the glass transition (Tg) temperature and the material is recovered to memorized shape above the Tg temperature. The other hand, 3D printer is a machine that can directly output a 3D-designed product designed by a computer in 3D, and molded materials such as polymer, resin, metal, and ceramics. In this research, we developed the SMC of SMA wire and SMP sheet using adhesive that develops actuates into two shapes only by heating.
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Almind, Richard, und Henning Bergenholtz. „Klæder skaber folk: Om layout i ordbøger“. HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 3, Nr. 4 (27.07.2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v3i4.21421.
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Advertisements for dictionaries usually comment on the amount of information given, but few if any give any notion to the layout of the product. What fonts are used, what is the paper quality, and binding? We assume that the layout of a dictionary is quite important for the dictionary user, and we are therefore convinced that the lexicographer (who has to know about the needs of the dictionary user) should be more in control of the layout of his dictionary. With today's desktop publishing tools at hand the gap between printer and editor has lost some of its width and this calls for increased cooperation between the two. In this article we will try to prove this by examining and criticising a number of existing dictionaries and by giving some clues as to how layout can be like. The latter is exemplified by extracts from a few new dictionaries.
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Munteanu, Adriana, Dragos Chitariu und Florentin Cioata. „The FDM 3D Printing Application for Orthopedic Splints“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.375.
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The FDM technology is an easy solution when someone need freedom of design but with a high precision of manufacturing and so, one can built conceptual models or molds, engineering models, manufacturing tools, and functional testing prototypes. The problem addressed in this paper is to identify and investigate the possibility of design and the achieving sustainability of a temporary hand prosthesis used for supporting and immobilizing a broken bone. The research tries to highlight some common and distinct aspects specific to FDM printing technology. One of the objectives of this paper is to use the FDM technology in order to achieve a modern version of the classics splints or of the orthopedic cast. The prototype models proposed can be made vertically on a 3D printer with small motherboard and are easy to wear, attractive to children through its colors and can be made with a manufacturing low price.
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Fenlon, Iain. „Cardinal Scipione Gonzaga (1542–93): ‘Quel padrone confidentissimo’“. Journal of the Royal Musical Association 113, Nr. 2 (1988): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/113.2.223.
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If Scipione Gonzaga is remembered at all today, it is most likely to be for his friendship and patronage of Torquato Tasso; as the dedicatee of the poet's youthful Discorsi dell'arte poetica and one of his dialogues, the transcriber (in the crucial year 1575) of all the stanzas of the Liberata then available to him, and the editor of the celebrated edition of the full text of the poem brought out by the Mantuan printer Osanna in 1584. Of his own literary efforts little remains. A handful of poems in a respectable if conventional Petrarchesque idiom appeared during his lifetime; on the other hand the Commentam, evidently inspired by classical precedent and a rare example from the period of a prelate's autobiography, was not published until the end of the eighteenth century when it appeared in an elaborate edition with annotations by Giuseppe Marotti.
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Stano, Gianni, Luca Arleo und Gianluca Percoco. „Additive Manufacturing for Soft Robotics: Design and Fabrication of Airtight, Monolithic Bending PneuNets with Embedded Air Connectors“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 5 (09.05.2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11050485.
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Air tightness is a challenging task for 3D-printed components, especially for fused filament fabrication (FFF), due to inherent issues, related to the layer-by-layer fabrication method. On the other hand, the capability of 3D print airtight cavities with complex shapes is very attractive for several emerging research fields, such as soft robotics. The present paper proposes a repeatable methodology to 3D print airtight soft actuators with embedded air connectors. The FFF process has been optimized to manufacture monolithic bending PneuNets (MBPs), an emerging class of soft robots. FFF has several advantages in soft robot fabrication: (i) it is a fully automated process which does not require manual tasks as for molding, (ii) it is one of the most ubiquitous and inexpensive (FFF 3D printers costs < $200) 3D-printing technologies, and (iii) more materials can be used in the same printing cycle which allows embedding of several elements in the soft robot body. Using commercial soft filaments and a dual-extruder 3D printer, at first, a novel air connector which can be easily embedded in each soft robot, made via FFF technology with a single printing cycle, has been fabricated and tested. This new embedded air connector (EAC) prevents air leaks at the interface between pneumatic pipe and soft robot and replaces the commercial air connections, often origin of leakages in soft robots. A subsequent experimental study using four different shapes of MBPs, each equipped with EAC, showed the way in which different design configurations can affect bending performance. By focusing on the best performing shape, among the tested ones, the authors studied the relationship between bending performance and air tightness, proving how the Design for Additive Manufacturing approach is essential for advanced applications involving FFF. In particular, the relationship between chamber wall thickness and printing parameters has been analyzed, the thickness of the walls has been studied from 1.6 to 1 mm while maintaining air tightness and improving the bending angle by 76.7% under a pressure of 4 bar. It emerged that the main printing parameter affecting chamber wall air tightness is the line width that, in conjunction with the wall thickness, can ensure air tightness of the soft actuator body.
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Uysal, Emrah, Mustafa Çakir und Bülent Ekici. „Graphene oxide/epoxy acrylate nanocomposite production via SLA and importance of graphene oxide surface modification for mechanical properties“. Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, Nr. 4 (05.03.2021): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2020-0114.
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Purpose Traditional nanocomposite production methods such as in situ polymerization, melt blending and solvent technique, have some deficits. Some of these are non-homogeneous particle distribution, setup difficulties, time-consuming and costly. On the other hand, three-dimensional printing technology is a quite popular method. Especially, Stereolithography (SLA) printing offers some benefits such as fast printing, easy setup and smooth surface specialties. Furthermore, surface modification of Graphene Oxide (GO) and its effects on polymer nanocomposites are quite important. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of surface modification of GO nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy acrylate (BisGMA/1,6 hexane diol diacrylate) matrix nanocomposites. Design/methodology/approach In this study, Ultraviolet (UV) curable end groups of synthesized resin were linked to functional groups of graphene oxide, which are synthesized by the Tour method, which is a kind of modified Hummer method. In addition, synthesized GO nanoparticle’s surfaces were modified by 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane. Significant weight percentages of GO were added into the epoxy acrylate resin. Different Wt.% of modified graphene oxide/acrylate resins was used to print test specimens with SLA type three-dimensional printer. Findings Surface modification has a significant effect on tensile strength for graphene oxide nanoparticles contained composites. In addition, a specific trend was not observed for tensile test results of non-modified graphene oxide. The tendency of impact and hardness test finding were similar for both surfaces modified and non-modified nanoparticles. Finally, the distribution of particles was homogeneous. Originality/value This paper is unique because of the inclusion of both surface modifications of graphene oxide nanoparticles and SLA production of nanocomposites with its own production of three-dimensional printer and photocurable polymer resin.
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Vidal, C., L. Melo Vidal und M. J. Alvarenga Lage. „Misophonia: Case Report“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2259.
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IntroductionMisophonia refers to a condition in which there is a strong aversion to certain sounds, in response to it the person reports unpleasant emotional experiences and autonomic arousal.ObjectivesTo present the case of misophonia carrier and discuss diagnostic features.MethodologyCase report and literature review.ResultsFemale, 32 years old, married, two children. In anamnesis reported obsessional symptoms (Check doors and windows, concerned with order and symmetry of objects; read all that lies ahead, pull the hand two or three times on mobile) since adolescence. Also reported triggering situations of anger: intolerance to some noises and sounds, like chewing third, mobile keyboard, click the “mouse” computer, printer and rub hands. In the presence of these noises, she tries to move away, and already tried to attack physically relatives and insulting co-workers. She was treated with escitalopram and re-evaluation after thirty days, reported partial relief misophonia and reduction of obsessional symptoms.ConclusionThe condition was first described in the early 2000s by two audiologists, and has become the focus of interest in the field of psychiatry. Some reports suggest that misophonic symptoms may be part of other conditions such as Tourette's syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Specifically, the characteristics shared between misophonia and OCD, as the relief of discomfort associated with avoidance behaviour suggest that the condition is part of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, which seems to happen with the case described above.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Cuellar, Juan Sebastian, Gerwin Smit, Paul Breedveld, Amir Abbas Zadpoor und Dick Plettenburg. „Functional evaluation of a non-assembly 3D-printed hand prosthesis“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, Nr. 11 (06.09.2019): 1122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919874523.
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In developing countries, the access of amputees to prosthetic devices is very limited. In a way to increase accessibility of prosthetic hands, we have recently developed a new approach for the design and 3D printing of non-assembly active hand prostheses using inexpensive 3D printers working on the basis of material extrusion technology. This article describes the design of our novel 3D-printed hand prosthesis and also shows the mechanical and functional evaluation in view of its future use in developing countries. We have fabricated a hand prosthesis using 3D printing technology and a non-assembly design approach that reaches certain level of functionality. The mechanical resistance of critical parts, the mechanical performance, and the functionality of a non-assembly 3D-printed hand prosthesis were assessed. The mechanical configuration used in the hand prosthesis is able to withstand typical actuation forces delivered by prosthetic users. Moreover, the activation forces and the energy required for a closing cycle are considerably lower as compared to other body-powered prostheses. The non-assembly design achieved a comparable level of functionality with respect to other body-powered alternatives. We consider this prosthetic hand a valuable option for people with arm defects in developing countries.
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Jaśkiewicz, Marek, Damian Frej, Dariusz Tarnapowicz und Milos Poliak. „Upper Limb Design of an Anthropometric Crash Test Dummy for Low Impact Rates“. Polymers 12, Nr. 11 (10.11.2020): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112641.
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The article presents the design of the upper limb joints of an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests for low impact speeds. These joints represent the connection of the hand to the forearm, the forearm to the arm, and the arm to the shoulder. The designed joint is adapted to the construction of a dummy representing the 50th percentile male. The joints currently used on Hybrid III dummies require calibration after each crash test. The construction of the new joint ensures the appropriate strength of individual joint elements and the repeatable value of the joint characteristics without the need for frequent calibrations. The designed joints have the ability to set a variable stiffness characteristic, thanks to which it is possible to use this joint universally in dummies representing populations of other percentile sizes. The range of movement of the joints has been selected to reflect the range of mobility of the upper limb of an adult. The characteristics of the joints were compared with those used in the joints of the Hybrid III 50 percentile male dummy. Moreover, it should be noted that the constructed joints of the upper limb are made by hand; therefore, their comparison with the Hybrid III dummy shows some deviations in the moments of resistance. Making the joints with a 3D printer, taking into account the appropriate material, will ensure greater accuracy and will also result in joining the individual elements of the joint into a whole. The obtained results show slight differences between the moment of resistance in the joints of the constructed anthropometric dummy compared to the hybrid III dummy.
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Hoshino, Kiyoshi, und Keita Hamamatsu. „Three-Dimensional Input System Employing Pinching Gestures for Robot Design“. International Journal of Automation Technology 11, Nr. 3 (28.04.2017): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0378.
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Several studies of input interfaces capable of recognizing the gestures have been conducted but most of them use the user’s fingers to enter the position data. These finger-based input interfaces are difficult to provide a so-called click & drag function (as in a mouse) and some of them request for the user to take uncomfortable gestures. When people pinch any objects, however, basically their thumb and index finger come into contact with each other or separate them from each other. These pinching gestures provide superior benefits as the gestures, which may contribute to the input interfaces. This study proposes the method for detecting 3D finger positions and estimating 3D hand postures in pinching gestures based on information on depth images captured by a depth sensor, especially from the viewpoint of robot design. That produces benefits including button-clicking-like input operation by means of contact between the fingers; user’s comfortable gestures as in daily life; clicking action independent of input of positions and postures; and clear identification between ON and OFF. As the evaluation of the 3D input interface proposed here, the authors design real products with the system and a 3D printer, suggesting that the users can design precise and fine 3D objects with his/her comfortable daily gestures with highest usability.