Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Griffith (N.S.W.)“

Central Mexico is considered a center of genetic diversity for Phytophthora infestans on the basis of a range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics (3). Surprisingly, while mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes I-a, II-a, and II-b have been reported from central Mexico, haplotype I-b has not been found in central Mexico (1). Therefore, a more extensive search for haplotypes was conducted in areas where sexual reproduction occurs. During the summer of 2003, leaflets of cvs. Rosita and Tollocan with a single lesion of late blight were collected in the area of Villarreal, located in Terrenate County in Tlaxcala, Mexico (170 km northeast of Mexico City). Fourteen P. infestans isolates were characterized for mtDNA haplotype, isozyme genotype (glucose 6- phosphate isomerase [Gpi] and peptidase [Pep]), and mating type. Isolation, mating type, and isozyme genotype were characterized following reported protocols (1,4). MtDNA haplotype was determined by amplifying and digesting the P2 and P4 regions and comparing amplicons to those of reference strains of known haplotype (1,2). Twelve isolates were mtDNA haplotype I-a and two were I-b. While the mtDNA I-b has been associated with the US-1 lineage (mating type: A1, Gpi: 86/100, Pep: 92/100), the genotypes for the Mexican isolates were A2, 86/100 Gpi, 100/100 Pep from cv. Rosita and A2, 86/100 Gpi, 92/100 Pep from cv. Tollocan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the I-b mtDNA haplotype of P. infestans from central Mexico and it is now clear that all four haplotypes exist in Mexico. This finding therefore, stresses the importance of including a representative regional sampling of Mexican and Andean isolates in studies inferring the origin of this species. References: (1) W. G. Flier et al. Phytopathology 93:382, 2003. (2) G. W. Griffith and D. S. Shaw. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:4007, 1998. (3) N. J. Grünwald and W. G. Flier. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 43:171, 2005. (4) N. J. Grünwald et al. Phytopathology 91:882, 2001.

-Michael D. Olien, Edmund T. Gordon, Disparate Diasporas: Identity and politics in an African-Nicaraguan community.Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. xiv + 330 pp.-Donald Cosentino, Margarite Fernández Olmos ,Sacred possessions: Vodou, Santería, Obeah, and the Caribbean. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997. viii + 312 pp., Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert (eds)-John P. Homiak, Lorna McDaniel, The big drum ritual of Carriacou: Praisesongs in rememory of flight. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998. xiv + 198 pp.-Julian Gerstin, Gerdès Fleurant, Dancing spirits: Rhythms and rituals of Haitian Vodun, the Rada Rite. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1996. xvi + 240 pp.-Rose-Marie Chierici, Alex Stepick, Pride against Prejudice: Haitians in the United States. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1998. x + 134 pp.-Rose-Marie Chierici, Flore Zéphir, Haitian immigrants in Black America: A sociological and sociolinguistic portrait. Westport CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1996. xvi + 180 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and temptation in Cuba. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. xxiv + 239 pp.-Jorge L. Giovannetti, My footsteps in Baraguá. Script and direction by Gloria Rolando. VHS, 53 minutes. Havana: Mundo Latino, 1996.-Gert Oostindie, Mona Rosendahl, Inside the revolution: Everyday life in socialist Cuba. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. x + 194 pp.-Frank Argote-Freyre, Lisa Brock ,Between race and empire: African-Americans and Cubans before the Cuban revolution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998. xii + 298 pp., Digna Castañeda Fuertes (eds)-José E. Cruz, Frances Negrón-Muntaner ,Puerto Rican Jam: Rethinking colonialism and nationalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. x + 303 pp., Ramón Grosfoguel (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Félix V. Matos Rodríguez ,Puerto Rican Women's history: New perspectives. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. x + 262 pp., Linda C. Delgado (eds)-Arlene Torres, Jean P. Peterman, Telling their stories: Puerto Rican Women and abortion. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1996. ix + 112 pp.-Trevor W. Purcell, Philip Sherlock ,The story of the Jamaican People. Kingston: Ian Randle; Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1998. xii + 434 pp., Hazel Bennett (eds)-Howard Fergus, Donald Harman Akenson, If the Irish ran the world: Montserrat, 1630-1730. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1997. xii + 273 pp.-John S. Brierley, Lawrence S. Grossman, The political ecology of bananas: Contract farming, peasants, and agrarian change in the Eastern Caribbean. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. xx + 268 pp.-Mindie Lazarus-Black, Jeannine M. Purdy, Common law and colonised peoples: Studies in Trinidad and Western Australia. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Dartmouth, 1997. xii + 309.-Stephen Slemon, Barbara Lalla, Defining Jamaican fiction: Marronage and the discourse of survival. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. xi + 224 pp.-Stephen Slemon, Renu Juneja, Caribbean transactions: West Indian culture in literature.-Sue N. Greene, Richard F. Patteson, Caribbean Passages: A critical perspective on new fiction from the West Indies. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. ix + 187 pp.-Harold Munneke, Ivelaw L. Griffith ,Democracy and human rights in the Caribbean. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1997. vii + 278 pp., Betty N. Sedoc-Dahlberg (eds)-Francisco E. Thoumi, Ivelaw Lloyd Griffith, Drugs and security in the Caribbean: Sovereignty under seige. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1997. xx + 295 pp.-Michiel Baud, Eric Paul Roorda, The dictator next door: The good neighbor policy and the Trujillo regime in the Dominican republic, 1930-1945. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1998. xii + 337 pp.-Peter Mason, Wim Klooster, The Dutch in the Americas 1600-1800. Providence RI: The John Carter Brown Library, 1997. xviii + 101 pp.-David R. Watters, Aad H. Versteeg ,The archaeology of Aruba: The Tanki Flip site. Oranjestad; Archaeological Museum Aruba, 1997. 518 pp., Stéphen Rostain (eds)

BackgroundMupadolimab (mupa) is a humanized FcγR binding-deficient IgG1 anti-CD73 antibody that has agonistic properties.1 CD73 is involved in production of adenosine and in cellular trafficking. Mupa reacts with the majority of circulating B cells leading to activation and expression of differentiation markers CD69, CD138 and CD38, and transformation into plasmablasts with secretion of IgM and IgG. B cell activation provided the rationale to develop mupa for immunotherapy of cancer and Covid-19. Intratumor HPV specific B cells have been reported in HNSCC.2 This report describes properties of mupa and the early signs of clinical activity in HPV+ HNSCC.MethodsELISA and flow cytometry were used to measure binding of anti-CD73. Humanized NSG-SGM3 mice were used to evaluate effects of Mupa on human anti-SARS CoV2 spike protein (SP) response. CD73 expression in biopsies was measured by immunohistochemistry. Mupa (IV q 3 weeks) with or without pembrolizumab is being evaluated in an ongoing phase 1 trial in patients with refractory cancers.ResultsMupa binding to CD73 was blocked by APCP, an analog of adenosine diphosphate that locks CD73 in the closed conformation, indicating mupa binding to the open conformation. Cross blocking and cellular internalization studies showed that mupa is distinct from other anti-CD73 antibodies such as MEDI9447 and AD2. NSG-SGM3 mice were immunized with 50 µg SP subcutaneously and treated with mupa 10mg/kg or control IgG IP. Mupa treated animals mounted an antigen specific human anti-SP response; no antibody responses were seen in controls (P=0.02). In the dose-escalation portion of the phase 1 trial, mupa doses of ≥12 mg/kg saturated CD73 sites on circulating B cells. High stromal CD73 expression was observed in HPV+ HNSCC biopsies from 5 evaluable patients with chemotherapy and anti-PD1 refractory disease, and tumor regression was seen in 2 of these patients receiving 7 and 16 cycles of ≥12 mg/kg mupa without pembrolizumab. Safety of mupa+pembrolizumab was evaluated in 16 patients with no MTD reached and no changes in serum immunoglobulins. Transient reductions in circulating CD73 B cells were observed consistent with redistribution to lymphoid tissues.ConclusionsCD73 plays a role in B cell activation and differentiation. Mupa is an antibody with agonistic activity that stimulates B cells and enhances antigen specific antibody production. This activity supports a strategy to combine mupa with pembrolizumab to enhance both humoral and cellular immunity in the treatment of viral associated cancers such as HPV+HNSCC, and viral infections.Trial RegistrationNCT03454451ReferencesWillingham S, Criner G, Hill C, Hu S, Rudnick J, Daine-Matsuoka B, Hsieh J, Mashhedi H, Hotson A, Brody J, Marron T, Piccione E, Buggy J, Mahabhashyam S, Jones W, Mobasher M, Miller R. Characterization and Phase 1 trial of a B cell activating anti-CD73 antibody for the immunotherapy of COVID-19. medRxiv, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20191486.Wieland A, Patel M, Cardenas M, Eberhardt C, Hudson W, Obeng R, Griffith C, Wang X, Chen Z, Kissick H, Saba N, Ahmed R. Defining HPV-specific B cell responses in patients with head and neck cancer. Nature 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2931-3.Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by Western IRB, approval number 1-1066703-1. Participants gave informed consent before taking part.

Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints. Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System References Allen, I. E., Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. ERIC, ISBN 0984028838. Asilestari, P. (2016). Komputer Interaktif sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2, n. 1, p. 55-62. Association, I. I. S. P. (2018). Penetrasi & Profil Perialku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Coates, H. (2006). Student engagement in campus-based and online education: University connections. Routledge, ISBN 1134161530. Ha, Young. & Im, Hyunjoo. (2020). The Role of an Interactive Visual Learning Tool and its Personalizability in Online Learning: Flow Experience. Online Learning, 24, n. 1. Harjanto, T. & Sumunar, D. S. E. W. (2018). Tantangan Dan Peluang Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan: Studi Kasus Implementas Elok (E-Learning: Open For Knowledge Sharing) Pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta, 5, p. 24-28. Imron, A. (1995). Kebijaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia: Proses, produk dan masa depannya. Bumi Aksara, ISBN 9795262319. Inoue, Y. (2007). Online education for lifelong learning. IGI Global, ISBN 1599043211. Irma, C. N., Nisa, K. & Sururiyah, S. K. (2019). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di TK Masyithoh 1 Purworejo. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 214-224. Jebba, A. M. & Umaru, N. N. (2019). The role of social media in reshaping the academic activities of vocational and technical education lecturers in Nigeria. Int. J. Eval. & Res. Educ. Vol, 8, n. 4, p. 735-741. Johnson, K. & Manning, S. (2010). Online education for dummies. Canada: John Wiley & Sons Publishing ISBN 0470536209. Juwah, C. (2006). Interactions in online education: Implications for theory and practice. Routledge, ISBN 1134247494. Kemendikbud. (2020). Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Kong, S. C., Chan, T.-W., Griffin, P. & Hoppe, U. et al. (2014). E-learning in school education in the coming 10 years for developing 21st century skills: Critical research issues and policy implications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17, n. 1, p. 70-78. Kwon, J. B., Debruler, K. & Kennedy, K. (2019). A Snapshot of Successful K-12 Online Learning: Focused on the 2015-16 Academic Year in Michigan. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5, n. 2, p. 199-225. Layne, M., Boston, W. E. & Ice, P. (2013). A longitudinal study of online learners: Shoppers, swirlers, stoppers, and succeeders as a function of demographic characteristics. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 16, n. 2, p. 1-12. Lynch, M. M. (2002). The online educator: A guide to creating the virtual classroom. Routledge, ISBN 1134542542. Novianti, R. & Garzia, M. (2020). Penggunaan Gadget Pada Anak; Tantangan Baru Orang Tua Milenial. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Nugroho, R. (2008). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan Sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Nugroho, R. (2017). Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan, dan Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Palloff, R. M. & Pratt, K. (2002). Lessons from the cyberspace classroom: The realities of online teaching. California: John Wiley & Sons Publishing, ISBN 0787959960. Pangondian, R. A., Santosa, P. I. & Nugroho, E. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesuksesan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0. Panjaitan, N. Q.; Yetti, E. & Nurani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Digital Animasi dan Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Anak. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 588-596. Pebriana, P. H. (2017). Analisis penggunaan gadget terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1, n. 1, p. 1-11. Pertiwi, W. K. (2020). Penetrasi Internet di Indonesia Capai 64 Persen. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2020/02/20/14090017/penetrasi-internet-di-indonesia-capai-64-persen. Ramadhan, B. (2020). Ini Data Pengguna Internet Di Seluruh Dunia Tahun 2020. Jakarta https://teknoia.com/data-pengguna-internet-dunia-ac03abc7476. Roach, V. & Lemasters, L. (2006). Satisfaction with online learning: A comparative descriptive study. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 5, n. 3, p. 317-332. Rohita, R. (2020). The Ability of Ece Teachers to Use ICT in The Industrial Revolution 4.0. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 502-511. Rostaminezhad, M., Mozayani, N., Norozi, D. & Iziy, M. (2013). Factors related to e-learner dropout: Case study of IUST elearning center. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, p. 522-527. Sari, K. M. & Setiawan, H. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Melaksanakan Penilaian Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 900-912. Seok, S. & Dacosta, B. (2020). Relationships Between Young South Koreans’ Online Activities and Their Risk of Exploitation. Journal of Online Learning Research, 6, n. 1, p. 77-101. Setyaji, A., Iskak, A., Sukmaningrum, R. & Hawa, F. (2015). Komputer Interaktif Sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Pada Anak Usia Dini. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 6, n. 1, p. 1-12. Sharoff, L. (2019). Creative and Innovative Online Teaching Strategies: Facilitation for Active Participation. Journal of Educators Online, 16, n. 2, p. n2. Suhartanto, H. (2010). Survei 2009: Mutu Situs E-Learning Sekolah Indonesia Masih Sangat Minim. Jurnal Sistem Informasi,6, n. 1, p. 80-83. Sum, T. A. & Taran, E. G. M. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Swan, K. (2003). Learning effectiveness online: What the research tells us. p.13-47. Taufik, A., Apendi, T., Saidi, S. & Istiarsono, Z. (2019). Parental Perspectives on the Excellence of Computer Learning Media in Early Childhood Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 13, n. 2, p. 356-370. Tilaar, H.; Nugroho, R. (2009). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan dan Kebijakan Pendidikan sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Ulya, S. I. (2019). Analisis Penggunaan Gedget Terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial Dan Komunikasi Pada Anak Usia Dini. 89-96. Vonderwell, S. & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence participation in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in education, 38, n. 2, p. 213-230. Wang, Q., Zhu, Z., Chen, L. & Yan, H. (2009). E‐learning in China. Campus-Wide Information Systems. Winter, J., Cotton, D., Gavin, J. & Yorke, J. D. (2010). Effective e-learning? Multi-tasking, distractions and boundary management by graduate students in an online environment. ALT-J, 18, n. 1, p. 71-83. Yu, E. (2020). Student-Inspired Optimal Design of Online Learning for Generation Z. Journal of Educators Online, 17, n. 1, p. n1. Zaini, M. & Soenarto, S. (2019). Persepsi Orangtua terhadap Hadirnya Era Teknologi Digital di Kalangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 254-264.

Fast transport of axonal vesicles and organelles is a microtubule-associated movement (Griffin, J. W., K. E. Fahnestock, L. Price, and P. N. Hoffman, 1983, J. Neuroscience, 3:557-566; Schnapp, B. J., R. D. Vale, M. P. Sheetz, and T. S. Reese, 1984, Cell, 40:455-462; Allen, R. D., D. G. Weiss, J. H. Hayden, D. T. Brown, H. Fujiwake, and M. Simpson, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:1736-1752). Proteins that mediate the interactions of axoplasmic vesicles and microtubules were studied using stable complexes of microtubules and vesicles (MtVC). These complexes formed spontaneously in vitro when taxol-stabilized microtubules were mixed with sonically disrupted axoplasm from the giant axon of the squid Loligo pealei. The isolated MtVCs contain a distinct subset of axoplasmic proteins, and are composed primarily of microtubules and attached membranous vesicles. The MtVC also contains nonmitochondrial ATPase activity. The binding of one high molecular mass polypeptide to the complex is significantly enhanced by ATP or adenyl imidodiphosphate. All of the axoplasmic proteins and ATPase activity that bind to microtubules are found in macromolecular complexes and appear to be vesicle-associated. These data allow the identification of several vesicle-associated proteins of the squid giant axon and suggest that one or more of these polypeptides mediates vesicle binding to microtubules.

Se analizó la relación entre el uso problemático de internet y la calidad de sueño. La metodología fue no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Participaron 118 estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de universidades e institutos superiores de la ciudad de Quito en Ecuador. Los instrumentos fueron el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet (CERI) y el Cuestionario de Pittsburg de Calidad de Sueño (PSQI). Se evaluó la asociación entre las variables mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y un valor p < 0,05 durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Los resultados muestran que los participantes en 51 % tienen problemas ocasionales con el uso de internet y el 47 % tienen problemas de sueño que además merecen atención y tratamiento médico. La asociación entre la variable independiente y la variable dependiente fue r = 0,195 y p = 0,034. En conclusión, existe una relación significativa moderada entre el uso problemático de internet y la calidad de sueño. Palabras Clave: Calidad de sueño, estudiantes universitarios, salud mental, uso de internet. [1]D. J. Kuss y O. López-Fernández, “Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research,” World journal of psychiatry vol. 6, n° 1, pp. 143-76, Marzo 2016. [2]M. Vázquez-Chacón, S. Cabrejos-Llontop, Y. Yrigoin-Pérez, R. Robles-Alfaro y C. Toro-Huamanchumo, “Adicción a internet y calidad de sueño en estudiantes de medicina de una Universidad peruana, 2016,” Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, vol. 18, n° 5, pp. 817-830, Octubre 2019. [3]P. Carrillo-Mora, K. Barajas-Martínez, I. Sánchez-Vázquez y M. Rangel-Caballero, “Trastornos del sueño: ¿qué son y cuáles son sus consecuencias?,” Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, vol. 61, n° 1, pp. 6-20, Enero-febrero 2018. [4]S. J. Kim, J. W. Kim, Y. S. Cho, K. J. Chung, H. Yoon y K. H. Kim, “Influence of Circadian Disruption Associated With Artificial Light at Night on Micturition Patterns in Shift Workers,” International neurourology journal, vol. 23, n° 4, pp. 258-264, Diciembre 2019. [5]J. Arendt y B. Middleton, “Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75°S),” General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 258, n° 1, pp. 250-258, Marzo 2018. [6]P. Botero, P. Camargo, Y. Riaño y N. Velásquez, “Calidad del sueño en adultos según el grado de exposición a campos electromagnéticos en Bogotá y Duitama en 2017,” Tesis de pregrado, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, COL., 2017. [7]H. Y. Wong, H. Y. Mo, M. N. Potenza, M. Chan, W. M. Lau, T. K. Chui, A. H. Pakpour y C. Y. Lin, “Relationships between Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder, Severity of Problematic Social Media Use, Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress,” International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 17, n° 6, 1879, Marzo 2020. [8]V. Parra, J. Vargas, B. Zamorano, F. Peña, Y. Velázquez, L. Ruiz y O. Monreal, “Adicción y factores determinantes en el uso problemático del Internet, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios,” Edutec-e, n° 56, p. a337, Junio 2016. [9]M. Laguna, “Estudio sobre el uso de internet y sus aplicaciones en el alumnado de último año de carrera de la Universidad de Alicante,” Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, ESP., 2013. [10]A. Rial, P. Gómez, M. Isorna, M. Araujo y J. Varela, “EUPI-a: Escala de Uso Problemático de Internet en adolescentes. Desarrollo y validación psicométrica,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 1, pp. 47-63, 2015. [11]T. Fernández-Villa, J. Alguacil, A. Almaraz, J. Cancela, M. Delgado-Rodríguez, M. García-Martín, E. Jiménez-Mejías, J. Llorca, A. Molina, R. Ortíz, L. Félix y V. Martín, “Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 4, pp. 265-275, 2015. [12]S. Cañón, J. Castaño, D. Hoyos, J. Jaramillo, D. Leal, R. Rincón, E. Sánchez y L. Urueña, “Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 4, pp. 265-275, Julio-diciembre 2016. [13]Z. Granados-Carrasco, A. Bartra-Aguinaga, D. Bendezú-Barnuevo, J. Huamanchumo-Merino, E. Hurtado-Noblecilla, J. Jiménez-Flores, F. León-Jiménez y D. Chang-Dávila, “Calidad del sueño en una facultad de medicina de Lambayeque,” Anales de la Facultad de Medicina, vol. 74, n°4, pp. 311-314, Octubre-Diciembre 2013. [14]Q. Wang, K. Mati y Y. Cai, “The link between problematic internet use, problematic gaming, and psychological distress: does sleep quality matter?,” BMC psychiatry, vol. 21, n° 1, 103, Febrero 2021. [15]M. Bautista y I. Taipe, “Calidad de sueño y factores asociados en internos rotativos de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca 2019,” Tesis de pregrado Médico Cirujano, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, ECU., 2019. [16]El Universo. (2020, Junio 26). El tráfico de internet en los hogares creció hasta 63 % en medio de la pandemia del COVID-19. Diario El Universo [Internet]. Disponible en: https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2020/06/23/nota/7881924/internet-fijo-servicio-operadoras-demanda-cuarentena-covid-19. [17]B. Fernandes, U. Nanda, R. Tan-Mansukhani, A. Vallejo y C. Essau, “The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents,” Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, vol. 7, n° 3, pp. 59-65, Septiembre 2020. [18]J. A. Casas, R. Ruiz-Olivares y R. Ortega-Ruiz, “Validation of the Internet and Social Networking Experiences Questionnaire in Spanish adolescents,” International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, vol. 13, n° 1, pp. 40-48, Enero 2013. [19]Y. Tan, Y. Chen, Y. Lu y L. Li, “Exploring Associations between Problematic Internet Use, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance among Southern Chinese Adolescents,”International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 13, n° 3, 313, Marzo 2016. [20]A. Barquero y F. Calderón, “Influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en el desarrollo adolescente y posibles desajustes,” Revista Cúpula, vol. 30, n° 2, pp. 11-25, 2016. [21]J. P. C. Chang y C. C. Hung. Uso problemático de internet. Libro electrónico de IACAPAP de Salud Mental en Niños y Adolescentes. Geneva: Asociación Internacional de Psiquiatría y Profesiones Aliadas de Niños y Adolescentes. [Internet]. 2016. Disponible en: https://iacapap.org/content/uploads/H.6-Uso-problem%C3%A1tico-de-Internet-SPANISH-2017.pdf [22]S. García y G. 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Background:Partial repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) studies in patients with moderate to high disease activity using biologics [1]. Whether RANKL inhibition by denosumab is efficacious in healing existing erosions in RA patients with low disease activity or in remission on conventional synthetic DMARDs is uncertain.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of denosumab on erosion healing at 2-4 metacarpophalangeal head as determined by HR-pQCT in patients with RA with stable disease.Methods:This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. RA patients with disease activity score 28 joints (DAS28) ≤5.1 were randomized (1:1) to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or placebo once every six months for 24 months. The primary outcome was erosion healing at MCP 2-4 on HR-pQCT at 12 months. The effects of denosumab on erosion and joint space parameters on HR-pQCT and radiographs, disease activity and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) were also examined.Results:At 24 months, HR-pQCT images were analyzed in 98 patients. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and imaging parameters were comparable between the two treatment groups (table 1). Seventeen patients in each group (placebo group: 17/52, 32.6%; denosumab group: 17/50, 34.0%) achieved sustained low disease activity (DAS28 ≤ 3.2) throughout the 24 months. At 12 months, changes in erosion parameters on HR-pQCT were similar between the two groups. At 24 months, new erosions (19% vs 9%, p=0.009) and erosion progression (34% vs 16%, p<0.001) were more common in the placebo group than the denosumab group. Erosion healing was seen in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the denosumab group (20% vs 6%, p=0.045) at 24 months. The details of the changes in HR-pQCT erosion parameters are shown in figure 1. No significant differences in the changes in joint space parameters on HR-pQCT, van der Heijde-Sharp erosion score, DAS28 and HAQ-DI were observed between the two groups at 12 and 24 months.Table 1.Baseline clinical, demographic, disease activity parameters and medicationsPlacebo (n=55)Denosumab (n=55)Total (n=110)Age56.5 ± 7.157.2 ± 8.556.8 ± 7.8Gender (Female)47 (86)41 (75)88 (80)Disease duration (years)8.5 ± 6.87.3 ± 6.97.9 ± 6.8Rheumatoid factor positive40 (72)38 (69)78 (71)ACPA positive43 (78)44 (80)87 (79)DAS28-CRP2.43 ± 0.832.6 ± 0.922.51 ± 0.88DAS28-CRP>3.28 (15)13 (24)21 (19)HAQ-DI (0-3)0.31 ± 0.380.46 ± 0.470.39 ± 0.43csDMARDs49 (89)52 (95)101 (92)Combination csDMARDs26 (47)33 (60)59 (54)Glucocorticoids5 (10)5 (9)10 (9)vdH- Sharp erosion score10.4 ± 18.48.9 ± 13.89.6 ± 16.2vdH- Sharp JSN score12.4 ± 17.711.5 ± 17.211.9 ± 17.4Lumbar spine aBMD, g/cm20.914 ± 0.1470.930 ± 0.1430.922 ± 0.145Total hip aBMD, g/cm20.837 ± 0.1020.847 ± 0.1460.841 ± 0.125Femoral neck aBMD, g/cm20.681 ± 0.0990.695 ± 0.1280.687 ± 0.114Data are reported as mean ± SD or number (%). ACPA: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; DAS28: disease activity score 28; csDMARDs: conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug. HAQ-DI: health assessment questionnaire disability index; vdH- Sharp score: Van der Heijde- Sharp score; aBMD: areal bone mineral densityConclusion:Although no differences in erosion parameters were observed at 12 months, denosumab was more efficacious than placebo in erosion repair on HR-pQCT after 24 months.References:[1]Finzel S, Rech J, Schmidt S, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor blockade induces limited repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: a micro CT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:396-400.Figure 1.Changes in erosion parameters by HR-pQCT. (A) Percentage of patients with overall erosion healing; (B) Outcome of individual erosion with healing, progression and new erosion detected across study period; change in (C) mean erosion volume; (D) total erosion volume; (E) erosion width; (F) erosion depth and (G) marginal osteosclerosis per patient.Disclosure of Interests:Ho SO: None declared, Isaac T. Cheng: None declared, Sze-Lok Lau: None declared, Evelyn Chow: None declared, Tommy Lam: None declared, Vivian W Hung: None declared, Edmund Li: None declared, James F Griffith: None declared, Vivian WY Lee: None declared, Lin Shi: None declared, Junbin Huang: None declared, Yan Kitty Kwok: None declared, Isaac C Yim: None declared, Tena K. Li: None declared, Vincent Lo: None declared, Jolly M Lee: None declared, Jack Jock Wai Lee: None declared, Ling Qin: None declared, Lai-Shan Tam Grant/research support from: Grants from Novartis and Pfizer

Children's school readiness is important to discuss because learning loss is an obstacle in preparing early childhood to enter elementary school. This study aims to look at parents' perceptions of their children's readiness for school during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative descriptive survey research design to collect measurable data for statistical analysis from a population sample. The results show that preparing children for school during and after the COVID-19 pandemic is very different from the usual practice. Parents are required to provide appropriate stimulation to children at home to replace the role of teachers at school and restore the motivation and willingness of children to enter elementary school. The perception of parents is certainly very influential on the stimulation that will be given to children. Keywords: early childhood education, parents’ perceptions, school readiness References: Alexander, K. L., Entwisle, D. R., & Olson, L. S. (2007). Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap. American Sociological Review, 72(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240707200202 Araújo, L. A. de, Veloso, C. F., Souza, M. de C., Azevedo, J. M. C. de, & Tarro, G. (2021). The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: A systematic review. Jornal de Pediatria, 97(4), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.008 Atkinsonová, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., SMITH, E. E., Herman, E., Bem, D. J., & Petržela, M. (1995). Psychologies. Victoria Publishing. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Tj9OAAAACAAJ Bao, X., Qu, H., Zhang, R., & Hogan, T. P. (2020). Modeling Reading Ability Gain in Kindergarten Children during COVID-19 School Closures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176371 Benner, A. D., & Mistry, R. S. (2020). Child Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic Through a Life Course Theory Lens. Child Development Perspectives, 14(4), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12387 Brown, S. M., Doom, J. R., Lechuga-Peña, S., Watamura, S. E., & Koppels, T. (2020). Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699 Colizzi, M., Sironi, E., Antonini, F., Ciceri, M. L., Bovo, C., & Zoccante, L. (2020). Psychosocial and Behavioral Impact of COVID-19 in autism spectrum disorder: An Online Parent Survey. Brain Sciences, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060341 Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson. Cushon, J. A., Vu, L. T. H., Janzen, B. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2011). Neighborhood Poverty Impacts Children’s Physical Health and Well-Being Over Time: Evidence from the Early Development Instrument. Early Education and Development, 22(2), 183–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280902915861 Duncan, R. J., Duncan, G. J., Stanley, L., Aguilar, E., & Halfon, N. (2020). The kindergarten Early Development Instrument predicts third grade academic proficiency. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 53, 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.05.009 Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), e2022376118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118 Friedman, M. M., Bowden, V. R., & Jones, E. (2003). Family Nursing: Research, Theory & Practice. Prentice Hall. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=mkBtAAAAMAAJ Gobbi, E., Maltagliati, S., Sarrazin, P., di Fronso, S., Colangelo, A., Cheval, B., Escriva-Boulley, G., Tessier, D., Demirhan, G., Erturan, G., Yüksel, Y., Papaioannou, A., Bertollo, M., & Carraro, A. (2020). Promoting Physical Activity during School Closures Imposed by the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Physical Education Teachers’ Behaviors in France, Italy and Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249431 Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental Burnout and Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Family Violence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00172-2 Hevia, F. J., Vergara-Lope, S., Velásquez-Durán, A., & Calderón, D. (2022). Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. International Journal of Educational Development, 88, 102515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102515 Jandrić, P. (2020). Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(2), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8 Kuhfeld, M., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., & Lewis, K. (2020). Initial findings on students’ reading and math achievement and growth. 12. Maldonado, J. E., & De Witte, K. (2022). The effect of school closures on standardised student test outcomes. British Educational Research Journal, 48(1), 49–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3754 McDowell, K., Jack, A., & Compton, M. (2018). Parent Involvement in Pre-Kindergarten and the Effects on Student Achievement. The Advocate, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.4148/2637-4552.1004 Nevid, J. S. (2012). Psychology: Concepts and Applications. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TpxZXwAACAAJ Skulmowski, A., & Rey, G. D. (2020). COVID-19 as an accelerator for digitalization at a German university: Establishing hybrid campuses in times of crisis. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(3), 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.201 Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ Stress and Children’s Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Britto, P. R., Dreyer, B., Leckman, J. F., Lye, S. J., Ponguta, L. A., Richter, L. M., & Stein, A. (2020). Effects of the Global Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions. The Journal of Pediatrics, 223, 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.020

The Covid-19 pandemic had a dangerous impact on early-childhood education, lost learning in almost all aspects of child development. The house-to-house learning, with the name Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), is an attractive offer as an emergency remote teaching solution. This study aims to describe the application of MHLP designed by early-childhood education institutions during the learning process at home. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The respondents involved in the interview were a kindergarten principal and four teachers. The research data were analyzed using the data content analysis. The Findings show that the MHLP has proven to be sufficiently in line with the learning needs of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although, the application of the MHLP learning model has limitations such as the distance from the house that is far away, the number of meetings that are only once a week, the number of food and toy sellers passing by, disturbing children's concentration, and the risk of damage to goods at home. The implication of this research can be the basis for evaluating MHLP as an adaptive strategy that requires the attention of related parties, including policy makers, school principals, and teachers for the development of new, more effective online learning models. Keywords: Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), Children Remote Teaching References:Abdollahi, E., Haworth-Brockman, M., Keynan, Y., Langley, M. J., & Oghadas, S. M. (2020). Simulating the effect of school closure during COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario , Canada. BMC Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01705-8 Arends, R. I., & Kilcher, A. (2010). 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-Leslie G. Desmangles, Joan Dayan, Haiti, history, and the Gods. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. xxiii + 339 pp.-Barry Chevannes, James T. Houk, Spirits, blood, and drums: The Orisha religion in Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xvi + 238 pp.-Barry Chevannes, Walter F. Pitts, Jr., Old ship of Zion: The Afro-Baptist ritual in the African Diaspora. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xvi + 199 pp.-Robert J. Stewart, Lewin L. Williams, Caribbean theology. New York: Peter Lang, 1994. xiii + 231 pp.-Robert J. Stewart, Barry Chevannes, Rastafari and other African-Caribbean worldviews. London: Macmillan, 1995. xxv + 282 pp.-Michael Aceto, Maureen Warner-Lewis, Yoruba songs of Trinidad. London: Karnak House, 1994. 158 pp.''Trinidad Yoruba: From mother tongue to memory. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. xviii + 279 pp.-Erika Bourguignon, Nicola H. Götz, Obeah - Hexerei in der Karibik - zwischen Macht und Ohnmacht. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1995. 256 pp.-John Murphy, Hernando Calvo Ospina, Salsa! Havana heat: Bronx Beat. London: Latin America Bureau, 1995. viii + 151 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Stephen Stuempfle, The steelband movement: The forging of a national art in Trinidad and Tobago. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. xx + 289 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Jay R. Mandle ,Caribbean Hoops: The development of West Indian basketball. Langhorne PA: Gordon and Breach, 1994. ix + 121 pp., Joan D. Mandle (eds)-Edmund Burke, III, Lewis R. Gordon ,Fanon: A critical reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. xxi + 344 pp., T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting, Renée T. White (eds)-Keith Alan Sprouse, Ikenna Dieke, The primordial image: African, Afro-American, and Caribbean Mythopoetic text. New York: Peter Lang, 1993. xiv + 434 pp.-Keith Alan Sprouse, Wimal Dissanayake ,Self and colonial desire: Travel writings of V.S. Naipaul. New York : Peter Lang, 1993. vii + 160 pp., Carmen Wickramagamage (eds)-Yannick Tarrieu, Moira Ferguson, Jamaica Kincaid: Where the land meets the body: Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994. xiii + 205 pp.-Neil L. Whitehead, Vera Lawrence Hyatt ,Race, discourse, and the origin of the Americas: A new world view. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. xiii + 302 pp., Rex Nettleford (eds)-Neil L. Whitehead, Patricia Seed, Ceremonies of possession in Europe's conquest of the new world, 1492-1640. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. viii + 199 pp.-Livio Sansone, Michiel Baud ,Etnicidad como estrategia en America Latina y en el Caribe. Arij Ouweneel & Patricio Silva. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 214 pp., Kees Koonings, Gert Oostindie (eds)-D.C. Griffith, Linda Basch ,Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorialized nation-states. Langhorne PA: Gordon and Breach, 1994. vii + 344 pp., Nina Glick Schiller, Cristina Szanton Blanc (eds)-John Stiles, Richard D.E. Burton ,French and West Indian: Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana today. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia; London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1995. xii + 202 pp., Fred Réno (eds)-Frank F. Taylor, Dennis J. Gayle ,Tourism marketing and management in the Caribbean. New York: Routledge, 1993. xxvi + 270 pp., Jonathan N. Goodrich (eds)-Ivelaw L. Griffith, John La Guerre, Structural adjustment: Public policy and administration in the Caribbean. St. Augustine: School of continuing studies, University of the West Indies, 1994. vii + 258 pp.-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Kelvin A. Santiago-Valles, 'Subject People' and colonial discourses: Economic transformation and social disorder in Puerto Rico, 1898-1947. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994. xiii + 304 pp.-Alicia Pousada, Bonnie Urciuoli, Exposing prejudice: Puerto Rican experiences of language, race, and class. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. xiv + 222 pp.-David A.B. Murray, Ian Lumsden, Machos, Maricones, and Gays: Cuba and homosexuality. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. xxvii + 263 pp.-Robert Fatton, Jr., Georges A. Fauriol, Haitian frustrations: Dilemmas for U.S. policy. Washington DC: Center for strategic & international studies, 1995. xii + 236 pp.-Leni Ashmore Sorensen, David Barry Gaspar ,More than Chattel: Black women and slavery in the Americas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. xi + 341 pp., Darlene Clark Hine (eds)-A. Lynn Bolles, Verene Shepherd ,Engendering history: Caribbean women in historical perspective. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1995. xxii + 406 pp., Bridget Brereton, Barbara Bailey (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Mary Turner, From chattel slaves to wage slaves: The dynamics of labour bargaining in the Americas. Kingston: Ian Randle; Bloomington: Indiana University Press; London: James Currey, 1995. x + 310 pp.-Carl E. Swanson, Duncan Crewe, Yellow Jack and the worm: British Naval administration in the West Indies, 1739-1748. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993. x + 321 pp.-Jerome Egger, Wim Hoogbergen, Het Kamp van Broos en Kaliko: De geschiedenis van een Afro-Surinaamse familie. Amsterdam: Prometheus, 1996. 213 pp.-Ellen Klinkers, Lila Gobardhan-Rambocus ,De erfenis van de slavernij. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit, 1995. 297 pp., Maurits S. Hassankhan, Jerry L. Egger (eds)-Kevin K. Birth, Sylvia Moodie-Kublalsingh, The Cocoa Panyols of Trinidad: An oral record. London & New York: British Academic Press, 1994. xiii + 242 pp.-David R. Watters, C.N. Dubelaar, The Petroglyphs of the Lesser Antilles, the Virgin Islands and Trinidad. Amsterdam: Foundation for scientific research in the Caribbean region, 1995. vii + 492 pp.-Suzannah England, Mitchell W. Marken, Pottery from Spanish shipwrecks, 1500-1800. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xvi + 264 pp.

Oszacowanie możliwego do popełnienia błędu, przy wykorzystaniu określonej metody, jest bardzo ważne z uwagi na fakt stosowania współczynnika bezpieczeństwa w trakcie wymiarowania części maszyn. W pracy podjęto próbę takiej analizy w ujęciu jakościowym i ilościowym

ABSTRACT: EARTHWORKS.An Architectural Essay for the Reclamation of the Post-industrial Landscape at S. Domin­ gos, Portugal. 37"40'06.S"N 7"29'28.2''W Anthropocene man has sought to dominate nature by transforming her and by exploiting her finite resources. Pol­ lution, waste and abandoned industrial sites have increased, alongside the exponential rise in population. Man, in the extraction processes of mining in particular,has created new sediments which no one knows what to do with: spoil heaps,rubble and great quantities of toxic matter. The 1960s and 1980s saw the beginnings of a global ecological consciousness and consequential acts of reclamation in the mining industry, which gave land artists not only a platform for their views relating to the post-industrial trial landscape,but a new "medium" to explore in their art. Whether it was an opportunity to acquire space and machinery to produce large-scale earthworks,or an intentional act of reclamation of the post-industrial landscape through art/ architecture,they saw the potential for post-industrial landscapes to become places to be engaged with through sublime contemplation and interaction. The following thesis aims to create an understanding of artists who used post-industrial sites for the creation of earthworks and proposes an architectural project as a gesture of reclamation for the open pit at S. Domingos Mine,Portugal ( 37°40'05.8"N 7°29'28.2"W) and its surrounding post-industrial landscape as a means of reclamation through the discipline of Architecture; RESUMO: 0 homem do antropoceno procurou dominar a natureza através da transformação e exploração dos seus recursos finitos. A poluição, o lixo e os locais industriais abandonados aumentaram devido ao crescimento expo­ nencial da população. Dos processos de extração de minerio, resultaram sedimentos inutilizados, como por exemplo, montes de escórias, entulho e grandes quantidades de matéria tóxica. As décadas de 1960 e 1970 viram o inicio de uma consciência ecológica global e os actos consequentes de reclamation na industria mineira deram a land artists desta época não só uma oportunidade para concretizar as suas ideias e perspectivas, mas também um novo medium para explorar a sua arte. Seja isto uma oportunidade de adquirir espaço e maquinaria para produzir Eatthworlcs em grande escala como puramente obras de arte, ou seja um ato intencional de recuperação da paisagem pós-industrial através da arte/ arquitectura. Estes artistas viram o potencial da paisagem pós-industrial para se tornar num lugar de contemplação e interação com o sublime. A presente dissertação compreende um essaio escrito sobre alguns dos artistas que utilizaram sitios pós-industriais para a realização de Earthworks e uma proposta de projecto arquitectónico para a corta da mina de S. Domingos, Portugal ( 37 • 40'05.8" N 7 • 29'28.2 'W ), que visa arecuperação da paisagem pó-industrial através da disciplina da Arquitectura.

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A composição, abundância e freqüência de ocorrência das espécies de peixes demersais do estuário amazônico foram estudadas em três áreas delimitadas pelos estratos de profundidade de 5 — 10 m, 10 — 20 m e 20 — 50m. Os objetivos principais deste estudo foram de comparar a diversidade, abundância e distribuição das espécies de peixes demersais, nestas três áreas, durante um ciclo hidrológico, e avaliar a influência dos fatores ambientais sobre a estrutura da comunidade. As amostragens foram feitas a bordo de dois navios da frota industrial piramutabeira, com uma rede de arrasto sem porta, em seis cruzeiros com duração de quinze dias cada, divididos entre os períodos seco (entre março e abri1/97) e chuvoso (entre agosto e setembro/97). Foram capturadas 91 espécies em 237 amostragens, sendo que as famílias Sciaenidae e Ariidae foram as mais diversificadas, representando juntas 25% do número de espécies. Todas as espécies de arlideos com ocorrência na região foram muito abundantes. As espécies mais abundantes numericamente no inverno foram Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (56,2%) e Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Pimelodidae) (13,6%), e no verão Macrodon ancylodon (31%) e Stellifèr rastrifer (15,8) (Sciaenidae). Na área delimitada pelas isóbatas de 5 a 10 m (área 1), Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Pimelodidae) e Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) foram as mais abundantes em ambos os períodos. O mesmo aconteceu para Macrodon ancylodon e Stellifer rastrifer (Sciaenidae) na área definida pelas isóbatas de 10 a 20 m (área 2), e para iviacrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) e Bagre bagre (Ariidae) na área delimitada pelas isóbatas de 20 a 50 m (área 3). As espécies mais freqüentes nas amostragens foram Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (40,9%) e Anchoa spinifer (Engraulididae) (35%) no inverno, e Ivlacrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (45,6%) e Anus grandicassis (Ariidae) (38,4%) no verão. Na área 1 Brachyplatystoma vaillantii e Brachypialystorna flavicans (Pimelodidae) tiveram maior freqüência de ocorrência nas amostragens, para os dois períodos; o mesmo acontecendo para Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) e Bagre bagre (Ariidae), na área 2; e para Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) e Anchoa spinifer (Engraulididae), na área 3. As espécies dominantes foram: Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), no inverno (56% dos exemplares coletados); e Macrodon ancylodon, Stellifér rastrifer (Sciaenidae) e Anus quadriscutis (Afiidae) no verão, que representaram 61% das capturas. Na área 1 dominaram Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Pimelodidae) e Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (73%), no inverno e, no verão, as duas espécies já citadas mais Anus grandicassis (Ariidae) (53%). Na área 2 foram dominantes apenas Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (64%) no inverno, e Macrodon ancylodon e Stellifèr rastrifer (Sciaenidae) (53%) no verão e, na área 3, apenas il/lacrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (70% no inverno e 49% no verão). Os padrões de distribuição foram principalmente influenciados pela salinidade. A área 1 apresentou a maior diversidade e eqüitabilidade em relação ás outras. Na área 2 a riqueza de espécies foi maior e, na área 3, houve uma maior dominância. Três assembléias de peixes foram identificadas na região: uma composta de espécies de águas continentais que exploram as áreas rasas entre 5 a 20 m; outra é composta de espécies resistentes ao gradiente salino, com ampla distribuição no estuário, principalmente na faixa dos 10 a 20 m; e a terceira é composta de espécies marinhas que se distribuem pelas áreas mais profundas do estuário, desde os 10 até a faixa dos 50 m.
The composition, abundance and frequency of the demersal fish fauna from the Amazon estuary were studied in three areas which ones were defined as circumscribed within the isobath ranges of 5-10 m, 10-20 m and 20-50 m. The main objectives of this work were to compare the diversity, abundance and distribution of demersal fish fauna in these three areas during one hydrological cycle, and evaluate the infiuence of environmental variables on the community structure. Samples were taken on board of two piramutaba fishing vessels, using a bottom trawl net, for a given seasonal survey of six 15-day trips in the dry season (March and Apri1/97) and in the rainy season (August and September/97). A number of 91 species were caught in a total of 237 samples and Sciaenidae and Ariidae were the most diverse families, represented by 25% of total species. The Ariidae' species which ocurred in the area were very abundant. The most abundant species were Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (56,2%) and Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Pimelodidae) (13,6%) in the rainy season, and Macrodon ancylodon (31%) and Stellifer rastrifer (15,8%) (Sciaenidae) in the dry season. In area 1 Brachyplatystoma vaillantli (Pimelodidae) and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) were the most abundant species in both periods, and the same occurred for Macrodon ancylodon and Stellifèr rastrifer (Sciaenidae) in area 2, and for Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) and Bagre bagre (Ariidae) in area 3. The most frequent species sampled were Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (40,9%) and Anchoa spinifer (Engraulididae) (35%) in the rainy season, and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) (45,6%) and Anus grandicassis (Ariidae) (38,4%) in the dry season. In area 1 Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and Brachyplatystoma flavicans (Pimelodidae) were the most frequent species, considering each period; the same was observed for Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) and Bagre bagre (Ariidae) in area 2, and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) and Anchoa spinifér (Engraulididae), in area 3. The dominant species were: Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) in the rainy season (56% of the specimens collected); and Macrodon ancylodon, Stellifér rastrifer (Sciaenidae) and Anus quadriscutis (Ariidae) in dry season, which represented 61% of fishes caught. In area 1, Brachypiatystoma vaillantii (Pimelodidae) and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae), were dominant (73%) in the rainy season, and both of them together with Anus grandicassis (Ariidae) were dominant (53%) in the dry season. area 2 only Adacrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) was dominant (64%) in the rainy season, and Macrodon ancylodon and Stellifer rastrifèr (Sciaenidae) were dominant (53%) in the dry season. In area 3, just one species Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) was considered dominant (70% in the rainy season and 49% in the dry season). Distribution patterns were influenced by salinity. Area 1 presented the greatest diversity and evenness as compared with the others. Area 2 presented the greatest richness, and area 3 presented the highest dominance. Three communities were identified: one characterized by species from continental waters that explore shallow areas at depths of less than 20 m; another one formed by salinity resistant species, distributed through a wide range from the estuary, mostly in the area circumscribed within the isobath range of 10-20 m; and a third one with marine species distributed in areas at depths of 10 m to 50 m.

Ce travail concerne l'etude d'especes organometalliques stables des types >m, >m = y (y = o, s, se, n-sime 3) et (>m) nm (m : metal de transition) a metal 14 a coordinence non usuelle. Le premier chapitre est une mise au point bibliographique concernant les basses coordinences stables des types > m et (> m) nm (m = ge, sn, pb). Le deuxieme chapitre concerne la synthese et l'etude physicochimique des nouvelles especes divalentes l 2m (m = ge, sn, pb ; l 2 = base de schiff). Les donnees spectroscopiques soulignent la coordination intramoleculaire n-m-n. Des reactions de cycloaddition et la structure rx de l'adduit (salen)sn-3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone sont presentes. Des insertions d'aldehydes ou de clivage par des acides organiques et des chlorures d'acides conduisent, a partir de (salen)m, a de nouveaux composes divalents heteroleptiques. Le troisieme chapitre concerne les complexes (salen)m nm(co) 6 - n (m = ge, sn, pb ; m = cr, w, n = 1, 2) 2. Les structures rx indiquent le caractere double de la liaison sn = m. Les complexes (salen)m = m(co) 5 (m = ge, sn ; m = cr, w) conduisent, par des reactions de cycloaddition et de substitution de ligands, a de nouvelles especes a enchainement p-w-sn ou a des composes trimetalles sn-m-sn (m = cr, w). Le quatrieme chapitre decrit les complexes (salen)m = mncp(co) 2 (m = ge, sn, pb), (salen)sn = fe(co) 4 et leurs structures rx. Le caractere double de la liaison (salen)m-ml n, du au caractere -donneur et au fort caractere -accepteur de (salen)m, est demontre par l'obtention de la plus courte liaison sn-mn connue dans (salen)sn = mn(cp)(co) 2. La position axiale de (salen)sn dans la structure de (salen)sn = fe(co) 4 demontre que (salen)sn est plus -donneur que -accepteur vis-a-vis du fer. Le cinquieme chapitre traite de la reactivite des especes divalentes (salen)m vis-a-vis d'oxydants conduisant a de nouvelles especes insaturees de type (salen)m = y (m = ge, sn ; y = s, se, n-sime 3) ; certains aspects de leur reactivite sont egalement presentes. La derniere partie concerne des transferts de ligands entre (salen)sn et des composes halogenes (bf 3. Me 2o, cp 2ticl 2, nicl 2. Dppe, pcl 3, tbupcl 2, cl 3p = x (x = o, s)) conduisant a de nouveaux composes lineaires ou cycliques a ligand salen du bore, du titane, du nickel et du phosphore (neutres ou cationiques).

Ce travail concerne l'étude d'espèces organométalliques stables du germanium et de l'étain L2M14(X), L2Ge(X)Y, (L2(X)M14)xM'(CO)n-x stabilisées par le ligand béta-diiminate L2 (X = Cl, I, Me, OMe, OTf; Y = S, Se; M' = W, n = 6, x = 1, 2; M' = Fe, n = 5, x = 1; L2 = PhNC(Me)CHC(Me)NPh). Le premier chapitre est une mise au point bibliographique sur les espèces hétéroleptiques à métal 14 de type (R)(X')M14 (M14 = Ge, Sn, X' = halogène) et les métallanechalcogénones (R)(R')M14=Y (M14 = Ge, Sn, Pb ; Y = O, S, Se, Te). Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à l'étude physicochimique et structurale des germylènes hétéroleptiques halogénés L2(X)Ge (X = Cl, I). Une étude expérimentale de spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement UV (S. P. E. ) et théorique (D. F. T. ) contribue à une meilleure compréhension de la structure électronique de ces espèces. Le troisième chapitre concerne les synthèses, les analyses structurales et quelques aspects de la réactivité des premiers exemples de chlorures de thio- et sélénoacides germaniés L2(Cl)Ge=Y (Y = S, Se). Le quatrième chapitre décrit les complexes L2(X)M14M'(CO)n-x. Les structures RX montrent de courtes liaisons M14-M'. Une étude théorique de ces complexes permet d'attribuer au ligand L2(Cl)Ge un fort caractère sigma-donneur et un faible caractère pi-accepteur. Le complexe méthylé L2(Me)GeW(CO)5 est également décrit. La dernière partie concerne les tentatives de synthèse des complexes cationiques [L2Ge+W(CO)5] et [(L2Ge+)2W(CO)4]. Par réaction de métathèse, le germylène L2(TfO)Ge et les complexes L2(TfO)GeW(CO)5 et (L2(Cl)Ge)2W(CO)4 ont été obtenus ; les structures des deux complexes germanium(II)-tungstène sont rapportées et analysées. Un équilibre entre une forme covalente et une forme ionique des dérivés à groupement triflate a été observé dans la pyridine. Les réactions réalisées avec AgPF6 ou NaB(Ph)4 conduisent à de nouveaux composés essentiellement issus de réactions d'hydrolyse ou de transfert de phényle
This work concerns the study of stable organometallic germanium(II) and tin(II) species L2M14(X), L2Ge(X)Y, (L2(X)M14)xM'(CO)n-x stabilized by the beta-diketiminate ligand L2 (X = Cl, I, Me, OMe, OTf; Y = S, Se; M' = W, n = 6, x = 1, 2; M' = Fe, n = 5, x = 1; L2 = PhNC(Me)CHC(Me)NPh). The first chapter reviews the group 14 element heteroleptic species (R)(X)M14 (M14 = Ge, Sn, X = halogen) and the metallanechalcogenones (R)(R')M14=Y (M14 = Ge, Sn, Pb ; Y = O, S, Se, Te). The second chapter concerns the syntheses and the physicochemical and structural analyses of heteroleptic halogenated germylenes L2(X)Ge (X = Cl, I). The halogen substitutions lead to new alkyl and methoxy germylenes. Experimental UV-photoelectron spectroscopy (U. P. S. ) and theoretical (D. F. T. ) studies contribue to a better understanding of the electronic structures of these species. .

This practice-led PhD aims to answer the question: how can processual/improvisation, spatial and plurilingual poetics be used to adapt text from other sources in order to create new effective forms? T=Y=W=Y=S=O=G=I=O=N is a discursive long sequence that aims to answer this question through variously translating, transforming, appropriating and adapting text drawn from the Welsh medieval cycle of stories the Mabinogi. In addition, this thesis uses specifically the Oxford Jesus College MS. 111, (The Red Book of Hergest) as its source. The creative work is broken into three sections which deal with these separate motifs. ‘The Red Book of Hergest Ward’ uses spatial and multilingual motifs to explore the word Hergest. ‘Cych’ explores spatial and improvisatory motifs. Finally, ‘Branwen’ deals with improvisation and adaptation. While the creative work seeks to explore the three critical strands of the thesis it also obeys its own aesthetic logic, and in so doing omits and includes different thematic motifs beyond the remit of the three critical chapters. The critical part of the thesis explores the individual thematic strands separately, answering more specific questions that address aspects of the creative work. The foundation of these chapters are close-read examples of authors who use the relevant approaches in their work. Finally, I discuss writers who show hybridity in their work incorporating more than one of these (critical) strands in their writing, David Jones as an example of a writer who uses all three strands. Comparisons with my own work are drawn throughout this thesis. Audio recordings of performed work from the creative portfolio accompanies this thesis, recorded by and with improvised accompaniment from Dario Lozano-Thornton.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the presentation of race relations in two Sesotho novels written after 1994. The purpose of the study is to establish whether or not post-apartheid Sesotho novels present race relations as they were presented during the apartheid era. The novels of focus are, N.S. Zulu's Nonyana ya Tshepo (The bird of hope) (1997) and T.W.D. Mohapi's Lehfaba fa fephako (The pain of hunger) (1999). The manner in which the authors who wrote during the two distinct eras presented the issue of race and presented race relations will be the focal point. At the end of this study it should be clear whether or not authors after 1994, that is, after the apartheid era continue to present race relations in an idealistic manner. During the apartheid era authors such Lesoro (1968) and Mophethe (1966) were very cautious when presenting race relations in their novels. The common factor in these novels is the portrayal of the white Afrikaner characters by the authors. White characters were portrayed as very merciful, good Samaritans and their relationship with their black counterparts were often harmonious and crisis free. Attributes of race such as racial discrimination, racial hatred, racial conflict and racial intolerance were seldom spoken about in those novels. This is reminiscent of the notorious apartheid laws, which prohibit freedom of press. White characters in some novels published during the apartheid era were not characters derived from real life. In N.S. Zulu's novel, Nonyana ya Tshepo we examine the portrayal of the characters from the two distinct races, black Africans and white Afrikaners. The author portrays the two groups of characters to be what Scholes (1981 :11) calls characters representative of a social class, race and a profession. Black characters are portrayed as the exploited, which are always inferior, submissive and subjected to racial discrimination by their white counterparts. White Afrikaners are portrayed as the exploiters, who are superior, oppressors and the ones who further the policy of apartheid. This state of affairs prompted the black Africans to develop hatred towards the Whites. Instead of idolizing their masters, Blacks do the opposite. Our main character, Tshepo who is said to be fathered by the white Afrikaner, is marginalized by his fellow Blacks and declared an outcast. In T.W.D. Mohapi's novel, Lehlaba la lephako, the main character, Seabata who lusts for power and wealth is seen struggling for both at the expense of his fellow black Africans. Seabata is used by his white boss, Sepanapodi, to maintain the legacy of apartheid. The narrator portrays Seabata in such a way that he could carry out his boss' mission. Seabata is power hungry and always likes to please his boss to attain that, even if that means creating enmity with his own black people. Seabata's socio-economic status makes him vulnerable to manipulation by Sepanapodi. Seabata was advised by his father that he should always strive to please his master in order to gain glory and wealth. He followed the advice slavishly and that left him devastated. He found himself at loggerheads with his colleagues, with the pastor, Nkgelwane, with a local teacher, Mohanelwa and with his wife, Mmabatho. Conflict between Seabata and the community is caused by the pain of hunger.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstelling van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel of die twee Sesotho novelles wat na 1994 geskrywe is, die verhouding tussen verskillende rasse behandel. Die doel van die studie is om uit te vind of die Sesotho novelles wat gedurende die tydperk van apartheid die aanbieding van rasse-verhouding dek, soos wat dit aangewys was gedurende die tydperk van apartheid. Die ondersoek sal gedoen word met die vergelykking van twee novelles wat na 1994 geskrywe is, d.w.s. N.S. Zulu se Nonyana ya Tshepo en T.W.D. Mohapi se Leh/aba /a /ephako . Die manier waarop die twee skrywers wat gedurende die twee afsonderlike tydperk, die kwessie van rasse behandel, en hoe hulle dit aangebied het, sal die fokuspunt wees. Aan die einde van hierdie studie moet dit duideliker word aan die lesers tot watter mate die skrywers wat na 1994 geskryf het, d.w.s na die apartheid tydperk, nog die rasse-verhouding op 'n idealistiese manier aangebied het. Die skrywers wat gedurende die apartheid tydperk geskrywe het, soos Lesoro (1968) en Mophethe (1966) was baie versigtig toe hulle die rasse-verhouding in hulle novelles aangebied het. Die gewone faktor van hierdie novelles is die uitbeelding van die wit Afrikaners se karakters deur die skrywers. Wit karakters is altyd as baie barmhagtig, en as goeie Samaritane beskrywe, en hul verhouding teenoor hulle swart teenhangers is dikwels eensgesind en vry van krisis uitgebeeld. Die hoedanigheid van rasseonderskeiding wat rassehaat, rasse in stryd met mekaar, en rasse onverdraagsaamheid, is in daardie tyd seide van geskryf in die novelle. Dit herinner die leser aan die ongunstige apartheidswette wat nie vryheid van die pers toegelaat het nie. Wit karakters, in sommige novelle wat gedurende die tydperk van apartheid gepubliseer is, is nie karakters wat van die ware lewe afgelei is nie. In N.S. Zulu se novelle, Nonyana ya Tshepo word 'n uitbeelding gemaak van karakters van die twee afsonderlike rasse, die swart Afrikaners en die wit Afrikaners. Die skrywer beeld die twee groepe van karaktes as die wat Scholes (1981 :11) noem die wat verteenwoordigend van 'n sosiale klas, rasse en beroep is. Swart karakters is beskrywe as diegene wat geeksploiteer word, wat altyd as minderwaardige, onderworpe en mindere rasse beskou word. Hulle word gediskrimineer deur hulle wit landgenote. Wit Afrikaners is beskou as die eksploiteerders, wat die voortreflike onderdrukkers is en wat wat die beleid van apartheid laat voortgaan. Hierdie toestand het die swart Afrikaners gelei om haat te ontwikkel teenoor die Wittes. In plaas van om hulle meesters eer te bewys, het die swart Afrikaners die teenoorgestelde gedrag. Die hoofkarakter, Tshepo, wat geglo is dat hy kind van die wit Afrikaner is, is deur sy mense verban en as verworpeling verklaar. In T.W.D. Mohapi se novelle, Lehlaba la lephako het die hoofkarakter, Seabata, begeertes van mag en rykdom. Hy word opgelei as 'n stryder op koste van sy medemense, swart Afrikaners. Seabata is deur sy wit meester, Sepanapodi misbruik om die nalatenskap van apartheid te handhaaf. Die verteller beeld Seabata af op so 'n manier dat dit duidelik is dat Seabata sy baas se opdrag sou voortdra. Hy, Seabata het 'n wens om mag te he en bo alles om sy baas tevrede te stel op koste van ander swart Afrikaners, al maak dit hom 'n vyand van sy mense. Seabata se sosiale status het hom laat kwesbaar ge stel teenoor Sepanapodi se manipulasie. Sy vader het hom advies gegee dat hy altyd sy meester moes bevredig ter wille van glorie en rykdom. Hy het toe die advies van sy vader slaafs nagevolg, daarom het dit hom in 'n neerdrukkende gevoel laat eef. Aan die einde is hy in 'n konflik met andere soos sy kollegas, die plaaslike predikant, Nkgelwane, die onderwyser, Mohanelwa en sy vrou. Die stryd wat Seabata met al die mense in die gemeenskap het, is die oorsaak van hongersnood.

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Bifunctional catalysts based on zircon oxide modified by tungsten (W = 10, 15 and 20 %) and by molybdenum oxide (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) containg platinum (Pt = 1%) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. For comparison, catalysts the tungsten base was also prepared by the impregnation method. After calcinations at 600, 700 and 800 ?C, the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The profile of metals reduction was determined by temperature programmed reduction. The synthesized catalysts were tested in n-heptane isomerization. X-ray diffractogram of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts revealed the presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and platinum metallic phases in all calcined samples. Diffraction peaks due WO3 and ZrO2 monoclinic also were observed in some samples of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts. In the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts also were observed diffraction peaks due ZrO2 monoclinic and Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. These phases contained on Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied in accordance with the W or Mo loading and in accordance with the calcination temperature. The infrared spectra showed absorption bands due O-W-O and W=O bonds in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts and due O-Mo-O, Mo=O and Mo-O bonds in the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts. Specific surface area for Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 30-160 m2 g-1 and for the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 10-120 m2 g-1. The metals loading (W or Mo) and the calcination temperature influence directly in the specific surface area of the samples. The reduction profile of Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts showed two peaks at lower temperatures, which are attributed to platinum reduction. The reduction of WOx species was evidenced by two reduction peak at high temperatures. In the case of Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts, the reduction profile showed three reduction events, which are attributed to reduction of MoOx species deposited on the support and in some samples one of the peak is related to the reduction of Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were active in the n-heptane isomerization with high selectivity to 3-methyl-hexane, 2,3- dimethyl-pentane, 2-methyl-hexane among other branched hydrocarbons. The Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts practically didn't present activity for the n-heptane isomerization, generating mainly products originating from the catalytic cracking
Catalisadores bifuncionais a base de ?xido de zirc?nio modificado por ?xidos de tungst?nio (W = 10, 15 e 20 %) ou molibd?nio (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) contendo platina (Pt = 1 %) foram preparados pelo m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos. Por compara??o, catalisadores a base de tungst?nio tamb?m foram preparados pelo m?todo de impregna??o. Ap?s calcina??es a 600, 700 e 800 ?C, os catalisadores foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios-X, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho, an?lise termogravim?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, adsor??o de nitrog?nio e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os perfis de redu??o dos metais foram determinados por redu??o a temperatura programada. Os catalisadores sintetizados foram testados na isomeriza??o do n-heptano. Os difratogramas de raios-X dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 revelaram a presen?a do ZrO2 tetragonal e da platina met?lica em todas as amostras calcinadas. Picos de difra??o referentes ao WO3 e ao ZrO2 monocl?nico tamb?m foram observados em algumas das amostras dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2. Nos catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 tamb?m foram observados picos de difra??o referente ao ZrO2 monocl?nico e ao ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. O aparecimento destas outras fases contidas nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variaram de acordo com o teor de W ou Mo e de acordo com a temperatura de calcina??o. Os espectros de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho exibiram bandas de absor??o referentes as liga??es O-W-O e W=O nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e referentes as liga??es O-Mo-O, Mo=O e Mo-O nos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2. A ?rea superficial espec?fica dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 variou de 30-160 m2 g-1 e para os catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variou de 10-120 m2 g-1. O teor de metais (W ou Mo) e a temperatura de calcina??o exercem uma influ?ncia direta no valor da ?rea superficial espec?fica das amostras. Os perfis de redu??o dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 exibiram dois picos a baixas temperaturas, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o da platina. A redu??o das esp?cies WOx foi evidenciada por dois picos de redu??o a altas temperaturas. No caso dos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2, os perfis de redu??o mostram tr?s eventos de redu??o, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o das esp?cies MoOx depositadas no suporte e em algumas amostras um dos picos ? relacionado com a redu??o do ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. Os catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 foram ativos para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano com alta seletividade a 3-metil-hexano, 2,3-dimetil-pentano e 2-metil-hexano entre outros hidrocarbonetos ramificados. Os catalisadores Pt/MoOx- ZrO2 praticamente n?o apresentaram atividade para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano, gerando principalmente produtos oriundos do craqueamento catalitico

The partial penetration of Railroad Redoubt by Sgt. Joseph E. Griffith and twelve men of the 22^nd Iowa had never really threatened to capture that work for the Federals. Nor could the Confederates easily evict those Unionists. The work constituted part of no-man’s-land for most of May 22 until orders arrived from Pemberton to reclaim the entire redoubt. Brigade leader Stephen D. Lee assigned the task to Col. Thomas N. Waul, who organized a small band of volunteers from his Texas Legion. Helped by Col. Edmund W. Pettus of the 20^th Alabama, who volunteered to lend his services to the group, they counterattacked along the parapet that extended toward the southeast corner of the work where Griffith’s party had been ensconced. By this time, late in the afternoon, Griffith and his men had quietly evacuated the work but there were still Federal troops taking shelter in the ditch in front of it. Pettus’ counterattack not only reclaimed all of Railroad Redoubt but soon drove the Federals out of the ditch as well. Far from a campaign-winning opportunity, as McClernand portrayed Griffith’s penetration to Grant earlier that day, the struggle for Railroad Redoubt ended with a relatively easy Confederate defensive success.

Between territories: Incremental changes to the domestic spatial interface between private and public domains. Agnieszka Wir-Konas¹, Kyung Wook Seo¹ ¹Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle City Campus, 2 Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST. E-mail: agnieszka.wir-konas@northumbria.ac.uk, kyung.seo@northumbria.ac.uk Keywords (3-5): building-street interface, incremental change, micro-morphology, private-public boundary, territory Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space In this paper we investigate incremental changes to the relationship between private and public territory on the micro-morphological scale of the residential building-street interface. The building-street interface lies on the edge between two distinctively different spatial domains, the house and the street, and provides a buffer which may be adjusted to aid the transition from private to public territory. The structure of the space impacts both domains: it provides a fit transition from the private dwelling to the public territory, creates a space for probabilistic encounters between inhabitants and strangers, and maintains the liveability of the public street. The aim of this paper is threefold: Firstly, we recognise morphological differences in the structure of the interfaces and the way the transition from private to public territory was envisioned and designed in different societal periods. Secondly, we study incremental changes to the interface, representing individual adjustments to the private-public boundary, in order to recognize common types of adaptations to the existing structure of the interface. The history of changes to each individual building and building-street interface was traced by analysing planning applications and enforcements publicly provided by the city council. Lastly, we compare the capacity of each building-street interface to accommodate incremental change to the public-private transition. We argue that studying the incremental change of the interface and the capacity of each interface to accommodate micro-scale transformations aids in the understanding of the complex social relationship between an individual and a collective in the urban environment. References (180 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis. Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers) 27, iii-122. Gehl, J. (1986) ‘Soft edges in residential streets’. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 3(2), 89-192 Gehl, J. (2013) Cities for People (Island Press, Washington DC). Habraken, N. J. and Teicher, J. (2000) The structure of the ordinary: form and control in the built environment (MIT press, Cambridge). Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (1984) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Middlesex: Penguin, Harmondsworth). Lawrence, R. J. (1987) Housing, dwellings and homes: Design theory, research and practice (John Wiley, Chichester). Palaiologou, G., Griffiths, S., and Vaughan, L. (2016), ‘Reclaiming the virtual community for spatial cultures: Functional generality and cultural specificity at the interface of building and street’. Journal of Space Syntax 7(1), 25-54. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Morton, N. J. and Carr, C. M. H. (1999) ‘Urban Morphogenesis at the Microscale: How Houses Change’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26(4), 503-515.

Three fractions of different molecular weight (M. W.) were obtained from gel-filtration of porcine mucosal heparin. These fractions along with unfractionated and a low M. W. heparin (CY 216) were compared for relative bioavailability in primates (Macaca mulatta: n = 5). The M. W.'s of all fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography - gel permeation and characterizied in terms of mean M. W., peak M. W. and M. W. distribution. Area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal method after intravenous and subcutaneous administration and used as an index of bioavailability. For the AUC calculations, plasma heparin concentrations were determined using a Xa/IIa clotting assay (Heptest) and individual callibration curves. Using the AUC data, relative bioavailability was calculated using the following formula:Bioavailability = subcutaneous AUC / dose intravenous AUC / dose Significant differences in the bioavailability of the various molecular weight fractions were observed and inversely related to M. W. The highest M. W. fraction (23,000) showed the least bioavailability at 3 %. The bioavailability of the 13,300 M. W. fraction was 9 % while the 5,100 M. W. fraction was 93 % bioavailable. CY 216 (M. W. 5,400) displayed a relative bioavailability of 88 % while unfractionated heparin (M. W. 12,600) was 40 %. The apparent discrepancy in the bioavailability of the unfractionated heparin is likely due to differences in molecular weight distribution.These studies suggest that the M. W. of heparin preparations influences the relative bioavailability. Heparins of lower M. W. exhibit greater relative bioavailability compared to high M. W. preparations. Furthermore, characterization of both mean M. W. and M. W. distribution are necessary for predicting the bioavailability characteristics of heparin. The relationship between relative bioavailability and the M. W. of heparin may help identify low M. W. heparins as a more efficient agent for subcutaneous regimens in the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis.

Previous measurements in a n-i-p-i structure with InAs/GaAs superlattice quantum wells in the i regions seemed to indicate that the field-screening nonlinearity saturates at low intensities I ~ 5 W/cm2. We present evidence here that carriers that are "stuck" in the wells near this intensity can escape beyond I ~ 15 W/cm2 so that field screening turns on again. We used a sample grown by migration enhanced epitaxy and having 12 periods of n-i-p-i doped GaAs with three InAs/GaAs quantum wells in each i region. The quantum wells were periods of a superlattice grown to be (InAs)2(GaAs)5. The spectrum of the nonlinear transmission, ΔT/T, was measured by using 50-s pulses from a cw Ti-sapphire laser tuned near the exciton absorption peak at 970 nm. For I = 0.1 W/cm2 to I = 103 W/ cm2 the exciton absorption peak has a blue shift, compatible with photo-carrier field screening. The magnitude of ∆T/T increases with light intensity in a nonlinear way, with plateaus near I = 5 W/cm2 and I = 150 W/ cm2. We will show that this intensity dependence reflects the change in the ability of carriers to escape the wells as the built-in field decreases with increasing intensity.

Tissue factor (TF) is a widely distibuted membrane glycoprotein and the most potent trigger of bloodcoagulation. It serves as an essential cofactor for the activation of Factor IX and X by Factor Vll/VIIa.TF is a lipoprotein composed of a phospholipid portion and a glycosylated apoprotein (apo-TF). The procoagulant activity of bovine brain TF is inhibited bythe lectin Con A indicating that the carbohydrates of TF might play a functional role in its interactionwith Factor Vll/VIIa.In the present study apo-TF was purified from human placenta by repeated SDS-PAGE to a purity of 95%. The carbohydrates of apo-TF wereanalyzed by capillary gas- liquid-chromatography andmass-fragmentography. This analysis revealed that apo-TF contains about 16% (w/w) carbohydrate consistingof 50.4 mole% N-acetylglucosamine, 22.2 mole% mannose, 21.0 mole% galactose, 3.2 mole% fucose and 3.2 mole% N-acetylgalactosamine. Further information on the structure of the carbohydrate moieties of the apoTF was achieved by determining the binding affinities of the apo-TF to ten different lectins. For this purpose a semiquantitative spot lectino sorbent assaywas developed. This assay is based on the detection of peroxidase-labeled lectins after being bound to the carbohydrate moieties of apo-TF adsorbed onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Human placental apo-TF showed the strongest affinity to wheat germ agglutinin which specifically binds to N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid residues.In contrast to bovine brain apo-TF, human placental apo-TF only weakly interacted with Con A, which is known to recognize mannosyl residues in mannose-rich, hybrid- and biantennary glycans,but not in tri- or tetraantennary oligosaccharides of the complex type. From the carbohydrate constituent analysis and from the lectin binding studies it can be concluded that human placental apo-TF carriesabout four N-linked higher branched oligosaccharide chains.

Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.