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Bennani, Mohamed. „Smarter technologies towards Greener Homes : A Human-Centred Approach“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-73758.
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Advances in technology continuously reshape habits, behaviours and interactions at individual, organisational and societal levels. Information and Communication technology (ICT) is pervasive, and is the bearer of crucial information, analysis and responses to the recipient. It assists in processes such as understanding phenomena and taking appropriate action. It also provides communication means, platforms and tools to interact with one another. In the United Kingdom’s (UK) Energy industry, smart meters are currently being deployed by energy suppliers to their customers. These are presented as a revolutionary device that supports a more efficient energy use at home and/or in the workplace, and helps customers save on their energy bill and reduce carbon footprint. Using interpretivist phenomenological Human-centred qualitative research, The thesis work explores the impact of using smart meter devices, as perceived by UK customers, in helping to monitor, use and manage energy consumption at home. Also, the study looks into alternative technology and customers’ expectations in the context of energy efficiency. And finally, the principles of a design is presented to respond to customers demands and desires. Passive participant observation, Future workshop and inspiration cards session are the methods and techniques applied in this research to collect data. The findings constitute good grounds for individual consumers to be aware of the opportunities made available by alternative technology. At organisational level it is a basis for energy suppliers to change their behaviour towards a changing demand and adapt by switching their core business to supplying Information and analysis as well as energy efficiency management solutions. At societal level government bodies and regulating agencies can tackle sustainability and green energy issues by controlling the profit driven character of privatised energy companies and responding to real market demand as perceived by consumers. Emerging technologies present opportunities that have the capabilities of breaking the status quo of energy supply industry in the UK as well as the rest of world. The value of this research is to show customers’ perceived reality and expectations, as well as opportunities to change the way energy is supplied and consumed.
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Jalali, Elnaz. „Regiospecific P-Bromination of Activated Aromatic Systems – Greener Approach“. TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1950.
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The halogenated derivatives of heterocyclic compounds (haloarenes) are highly utilized in many fields of chemistry, including drug discovery, medicinal, and material chemistry. There are a variety of ways to functionalize an aromatic system and introduce halogen substituent into the ring. However, electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) has been the focus of growing attention, particularly for electronrich substrates.
Electrophilic aromatic bromination protocols are one of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. However, preparation of bromoarenes classically recommends the use of highly oxidative agents along with utilizing various metal catalysts in a halogenated solvent. The corrosive and toxic nature of these reagents and need of harsh conditions for these protocols make their utility less desirable in current practice. Furthermore, lack of regioselectivity for most substituted aromatics is the other distinguished drawback, since most products contain ortho/para directors which afford a mixture of isomers.
The innovation of our procedure for the bromination of various substituted aromatic compounds is twofold in that highly regiospecific para-bromination of activated aryls by treatment with NBS has been accomplished. Although various reaction mediums, such as cyclohexane, acetone, and acetonitrile has been used in this procedure, the significant high yields of the product formation along with the very short reaction times using acetonitrile make this approach more attractive. That this regiospecific p-substitution takes place under such mild conditions leads us to question whether it is EAS.
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Ghosh, Sujit. „Greener approach towards arganic tranformation: application of transition metal catalysts and eco friendly reaction media“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2481.
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Nasr, Kifah. „Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of polyesters by step-growth polymerization : a promising approach towards a greener synthetic pathway“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR030.
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La polymérisation catalysée par des enzymes a fait l'objet d'une attention croissante ces dernières années en tant qu’alternative écologique à la catalyse à base de métal. L'objectif de notre travail est de synthétiser une série de polyesters par catalyse enzymatique basée sur différents diols et diesters aliphatiques et aromatiques, où nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'influence des paramètres de réaction, des structures de monomères et avons décrit les avantages et les limites de la catalyse enzymatique dans la synthèse de polymères. L'enzyme utilisée tout au long de nos travaux était Novozym 435, une lipase de Candida antarctica, immobilisée sur une résine acrylique. Dans le Chapitre 1, nous avons passé en revue les différentes méthodes et approches utilisées dans la littérature pour synthétiser des polymères par catalyse enzymatique. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous avons effectué la réaction entre l’hexane-1,6-diol et l'adipate de diéthyle via une approche de polycondensation en deux étapes où nous avons évalué l'effet de certains paramètres sur la masse molaire moyenne en nombre (Mn). L'effet de la température, du vide et de la charge enzymatique a été déterminé à l'aide d'un plan d’expérience de type plan composite centré. D'autres facteurs tels que le milieu réactionnel, le temps d'oligomérisation et la recyclabilité de l’enzyme ont également été évalués. Dans le Chapitre 3, des copolyesters à base de furane ont été synthétisés, où nous avons montré que nous pouvons incorporer des quantités plus élevées de dérivés furaniques lors de l'utilisation de diols aliphatiques avec des chaînes plus longues tels que le dodécane-1,12-diol. Dans le Chapitre 4, le lévoglucosan, une structure cyclique anhydre à 6 carbones et un produit de pyrolyse d'hydrates de carbone tels que l'amidon et la cellulose, a réagi avec des diesters de différentes longueurs de chaîne en présence de diols aliphatiques et de Novozym 435 comme catalyseur. Les polyesters produits étaient limités en terme de masse molaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) et de quantité de lévoglucosan incorporée. En augmentant la longueur du diester, nous avons augmenté la quantité de lévoglucosan incorporée ainsi que la masse molaire moyenne en nombreEnzyme-catalyzed polymerization have been witnessing a growing attention in recent years as an eco-friendly substitute to metal-based catalysis. The objective of our work is to synthesize a series of polyesters via enzymatic catalysis based on different aliphatic and aromatic diols and diesters, where we focused on the influence of reaction parameters, monomer structures, and depicted the advantages and limitation of enzymatic catalysis in polymer synthesis. The enzyme used throughout our work was Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica, immobilized on an acrylic resin. In Chapter 1, we reviewed the different methods and approaches used in the literature to synthesize polymers via enzymatic catalysis. In Chapter 2, we performed the reaction between hexane-1,6-diol and diethyl adipate via a two-step polycondensation approach where we monitored the effect of certain parameters on the number average molecular weight (Mn). The influence of temperature, vacuum, and the amount of enzyme loading were determined using a central composite design. Other factors such as the reaction media, oligomerization time, and catalyst recyclability were also assessed. In Chapter 3 furan-based copolyesters were synthesized, where we showed that we can incorporate higher amounts of furan when using aliphatic diols with longer chains such as dodecane-1,12-diol. In Chapter 4, levoglucosan, an anhydrous 6-carbon ring structure and a pyrolysis product of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose, was reacted against different chain length diesters in the presence of aliphatic diols and Novozym 435 as a catalyst. The polyesters produced were limited in their number average molecular weight (Mn) and the amount of levoglucosan that was successfully incorporated into the polymeric structure. Nevertheless, by increasing the chain length of the diester, we were able to produce a copolymer containing higher amounts of levoglucosan and a higher molecular weight
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Bangar, P. G. „Visible light photocatalysis - a greener approach towards mizoroki-heck reaction & variables in mizoroki-heck reaction of mono & disubstituted olefins“. Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4565.
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Sharma, Prawin Kumar. „Greener approach to the synthesis of some novel class of isoxazolidine and isoxazoline derivatives using N-methyl and N-phenyl-a-chloro nitrones“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1884.
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Bonfield, Eric. „Application of transition metal catalyzed aldehyde-alkyne-amine coupling reactions to tandem reaction sequences: a greener approach to the preparation of useful organic compounds“. Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40800.
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Tandem reactions are multiple reactions occurring simultaneously in one-pot, where the product of each reaction is the substrate for the next. The hallmark of tandem reactions is a considerable increase in molecular complexity resulting from a single synthetic step. As this represents a substantial gain in efficiency and step-economy, all tandem reaction methodology represents a more sustainable, “Greener,” approach to preparing more complex organic molecules from simple precursors. The aim of this study was to expand the two-step tandem reaction, aldehyde-alkyne-amine coupling, to include two to three additional intermolecular steps. The goal of green chemistry is for the means to justify the end, but for a proof a principle the end should also justify the means. We chose dipropargyl amines and isoindolines due to their well documented importance as synthetic precursors and biologically active compounds. We outline the development of methodology for the preparation of dipropargyl amines (Chapter 2) and isoindolines (Chapter 3) starting from simple amines, alkynes, and aldehydes in one-pot and a single synthetic operation.Les réactions tandem sont des réactions multiples qui se produisent de façon consécutive dans un seul milieu réactionnel. Le produit de chaque réaction est en fait un réactif pour la réaction suivante. Par le biais des réactions tandem, il est possible d'accéder à des molécules complexes en une seule étape synthétique. Comme elle représente un gain significatif en termes d'efficacité et d'économie synthétique, ce type de réaction représente une approche environnementalement durable pour la préparation de molécules complexes à partir de simples précurseurs.Le but de cette thèse consiste à augmenter la complexité de la réaction tandem entre les aldéhydes, les alcynes et les amines et d'y ajouter d'autres réactifs pour augmenter le nombre d'étapes synthétiques. Le but ultime de la chimie pour le développement durable est pour les moyens de justifier la fin. Par contre, comme preuve de principe, la fin doit aussi justifier les moyens. Nous avons choisi de synthétiser des amines dipropargyliques et des isoindolines en raison de leur importance bien documentée comme précurseurs synthétiques et comme composés biologiquement actifs. La méthodologie pour la préparation des amines dipropargyliques est développée dans le Chapitre 2 alors que la synthèse des isoindolines à partir d'aldéhydes, d'alcynes et d'amines simples (dans un seul milieu réactionnel et en une étape synthétique) est développée dans le Chapitre 3.
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Wietgrefe, Wade Wesley. „Infrastructure Planning: A Green Approach“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190409.
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Ferra, Ioanna. „Digital media in Greece : a cyberconflict approach“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42164.
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This project examines the influence of digital media on the contentious politics in Greece, as well as, the political economic sphere’s impact on the formation of the digital mediascape. The research concentrated on the parallel evolution of the (debt) crisis and the digital communications in Greece, by examining four different online media platforms and covering a seven-years period (2008; 2011-12; 2015). The research employed cyberconflict theory to situate online mediated conflict (sociopolitical and ethnoreligious cyberconflict) in a geosociopolitical and historical context, indicating the dynamic relation between the online media and the offline world. This research suggests the use of online data for the examination of cyberconflict and updates the framework, so to efficiently support the study of social media platforms. The research reflected the evolution of the sociopolitical debates and the political transformations emerged in the Greek crisis context (anti-/pro- austerity debate to the euro-vs-drachma/or grexit discussion, the anti-/pro-governmental debate, and the anti-/pro-European discourse). The pre-crisis era and discourse online, had already indicate the debates, which later, shaped the crisis discourse online and offline. Then, the SYRIZA network rides the mobilization wave of Aganaktismenoi, offering a platform and promising representation of all the included actors. During the referendum. polarization helped to the formation of less fluid identities online and offline, which further developed focusing on the division between the political Us and Them. In the crisis context, the internet used as a magnifying glass, pointing out conflict, opposition and supporting polarization. The research concludes that, indeed, digital media use supported the development of collective action and alternative structures of mobilizations, as well as political discourse, challenging both the dominant media and the traditional political structures. However, online media discourse didn’t manage to dominate public sphere, but instead it resulted to fragmentation. Overall, online media reproduced existed polarization and historical discursive continuities and limitations.
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Ožana, Marek. „Mesoscopic superconductivity : quasiclassical approach“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91484.
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This Thesis is concerned with the quasiclassical theory of meso-scopic superconductivity. The aim of the Thesis is to introduce the boundary conditions for a quasiclassical Green’s function on partially transparent interfaces in mesoscopic superconducting structures and to analyze the range of applicability of the quasiclassical theory. The linear boundary conditions for Andreev amplitudes, factoring the quasiclassical Green’s function, are presented. The quasiclassical theory on classical trajectories is reviewed and then generalized to include knots with paths intersections. The main focus of the Thesis is on the range of validity of the quasiclassical theory. This goal is achieved by comparison of quasiclassical and exact Green’s functions. The exact Gor’kov Greens function cannot be directly used for the comparison because of its strong microscopic variations on the length-scale of λF. It is the coarse-grain averaged exact Green’s function which is appropriate for the comparison. In most of the typical cases the calculations show very good agreement between both theories. Only for certain special situations, where the classical trajectory contains loops, one encounters discrepancies. The numerical and analytical analysis of the role of the loop-like structures and their influence on discrepancies between both exact and quasiclassical approaches is one of the main results of the Thesis. It is shown that the terms missing in the quasiclassical theory can be attributed to the loops formed by the interfering paths. In typical real samples any imperfection on the scale larger than the Fermi wavelength disconnects the loops and the path is transformed into the tree-like graph. It is concluded that the quasiclassical theory is fully applicable in most of real mesoscopic samples. In the situations where the conventional quasiclassical theory is inapplicable due to contribution of the interfering path, one can use the modification of the quasiclassical technique suggested in the Thesis.
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Talaganov, Goce. „Green VoIP : A SIP Based Approach“. Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98795.
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This master thesis presents, examines, designs, implements, and evaluates with respect to energy efficiency a secure and robust VoIP system. This system utilizes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructure assisted by a cloud service, specifically focusing on small to medium sized enterprises (SME) and homes. This research focuses on using inexpensive, flexible, commodity embedded hardware (specifically a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router for the local site with a customized operating system, specifically DD-WRT). The idea is to reduce the local site's power consumption to very low levels by examining which functions can be done in a cloud service rather than at the local site. The thesis presents the design of a low-power IP telephony system for the local site and the cloud site. A number of different usage scenarios and desirable features are described. The methodology for conducting a set of experiments is defined to perform stress-testing and to evaluate the low- power IP telephony system's design. The experiments concern the overall power consumption of the local site under various configurations, the VPN link's call capacity, the QoS metrics for the VoIP calls, the session request delay (SRD) and the registration request delay (RRD). The results from these experiments show that there is a potential for significant power savings when using the proposed design for an IP telephony system.Detta examensarbete presenterar, undersöker, utformar, implementerar, och försöker att utvärdera ett säkert och robust VoIP-system med energieffektivitet. Detta system använder en Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-infrastruktur med hjälp av en molntjänst med särskild inriktning på, små, och medelstora företag (SME) och hemmanvändare. Denna forskning fokuserar att använda en prisvärt, billig, flexibel, med program inbyggd hårdvara (speciellt en Linksys WRT54GL trådlös router för den lokala platsen med ett anpassat operativsystem DD-WRT). Tanken är att minska energiförbrukningen på, den lokala platsen till mycket låga nivåer genom att undersöka vilka funktioner, som kan köras på, ett molntjnst snarare än på, den lokala platsen. Avhandlingen presenterar utformningen av ett IP-telefonisystem på, den lokala platsen med ett lågt strömbehov och på, molntjänsten. Ett antal olika användningsförhållanden och önskvärda egenskaper är beskrivna. Metodiken för att genomföra en rad experiment definieras för att utföra stresstester och för att utvärdera designen av IP-telefonisystem med ett lågt effektbehov. I försöken experimenteras den totala energiförbrukningen av den lokala platsen under olika konfigurationer, VPN-länkens samtalskapacitet, QoS-mätning för VoIP-samtal, Session Request Delay (SRD) och Registration Request Delay (RRD). Resultaten från dessa experiment visar att det finns en potential för betydande energibesparing när du använder den föreslagna designen för en IP-telefoni system.
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Roy, Babli. „Studies on Solid-Phase Organic Reactions & Catalysis: Greener Approaches“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2761.
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Lalou, Theodora. „Gender inequalities in Greece : A critical discourse analysis onthe 2016-2020 National Plan for Gender Equality in Greece“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173001.
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This research uses a modified version of Carol Bacchi’s (2016) “What’s theProblem Represented to Be?” approach to conduct a critical discourse analysison the 2016-2020 National Plan for Gender Equality for Greece published bythe Greek General Secretariat for Gender Equality under the auspices of theGreek Ministry of the Interior (MoI, 2018). The aim of this research study is toshow how gender equality is represented by the Greek General Secretariat forGender Equality and which are the implications and allegations throughdifferent problem representations.
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Saliaris, Orestis G. „A systems approach to operations management in a Greek manufacturing company“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12324.
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The intention of this work was to examine the infra-structure of a medium-sized Greek textile manufacturing enterprise. The Organisation became a leading acrylic blanket producer at national level, as a result of the management's receptivity to transfer of the highest standards of technology and expertise. The business was geared to the quality end of the market and offered its customers a high added value range of products. At the initiation of the systems study, the problem was conceived as one of inadequate production planning and stock control procedures. The high customer service level policy was accomplished through substantial stockholding on the part Of the firm and resulted in inventories being the company's highest current assets component. A systems approach to the operations of the Organisation indicated problems of information discontinuity, while barriers of communication were caused by lack of clear objectives. Analysis of the existed procedures led to the creation of three new sub-systems: the production scheduling, the quality control and the marketing departments. Material and information closed-loop controls were established and job description systems were introduced. An internal management reporting system was designed to facilitate improved decision making - In the implementation stage the author concentrated on training the systems/users while operational difficulties were resolved during actual running. The project's objective was the development of an open system which would maintain dynamic equilibrium with its surrounding environment. Planning and control procedures made the internal sub-systems interactions controllable, but the external changes created difficulty. Growing recession and government austerity policies exercised considerable influence on the operations of the system/organisation. company viability was safeguarded, a make-to-order policy was Pursued and a new business structure was created. This work is considered to exemplify the Greek industrial sector and the difficulties which will be experienced in deploying modern management methods in Greek manufacturing industry.
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Crabtree, Charles Rawcliffe Airey. „A cognitive-informed approach to 'sacrifice' in ancient Greece“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-cognitiveinformed-approach-to-sacrifice-in-ancient-greece(1be11c7e-df36-4c57-87b5-47f75aed3706).html.
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My thesis presents a significant new understanding of ‘sacrifice’ and demonstrates the applicability of a cognitive-informed approach. I begin by outlining my methodology and then discuss how 'sacrifice' has been approached by scholars up until the present day. I demonstrate the emergence of the term ‘sacrifice’ in a particular cultural milieu that is not reflective of ancient experience. I then address the issue of 'sacrifice' through the lens of the 'other', focusing specifically on Herodotus and the range of issues he does, or does not, show interest in when discussing 'barbarian' practices. I then continue to deconstruct the modern category of 'sacrifice' in my next two chapters, where I analyse the evidence for the main range of practices involving the ritual killing of animals as well as so-called 'bloodless offerings'. I demonstrate, for example, the way 'sacrifice' can be broken down into smaller elements, how difficult it is to draw simple lines between different kinds of ritual activity and how the same or similar elements are used in different contexts. I then dedicate a chapter in turn to my two main approaches: an approach based on sensory analysis and an approach based on cognitive ritual theories. These correspond to emic (insider) and etic (outsider/modern scholar) perspectives and are used to supplement each other's conclusions and mitigate each other's weaknesses. The emic perspective emphasises the largely conscious, culture-specific, sensory and purposeful whereas the etic approach highlights the mainly unconscious, cross-cultural and automatic. In both instances, however, the emphasis is on the experiential nature of 'sacrifice'. I show that ‘sacrifice' is far more complicated than has been generally understood and multiple interpretations are necessary, both traditional and cognitive. Although an appreciation of cognitive experience, emotion and sensory perception is necessary to explain ‘sacrifice’, these aspects have been largely neglected by modern scholars.
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Vatikiotis, Pantelis. „The echoes of grassroots media practices in Greece : a sociological approach“. Thesis, University of Westminster, 2004. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/93498/the-echoes-of-grassroots-media-practices-in-greece-a-sociological-approach.
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This thesis probes into grassroots media projects by addressing them in a broad theoretical framework that evaluates such projects in macro terms, along the interplay between 'public sphere' and 'civil society', as well as in micro terms, across the 'lived experience' of their practice, on the grounds of the expression and enactment of 'citizenship' correspondingly. From this perspective, the study researches media projects that are implemented `on the margins' in Greece, drawing both on their contribution to and intervention in the public and political life. By evaluating these projects in a resonant context the study prioritizes the 'agents', citizens/social groups, who are engaged in their practice. Using empirical evidence from fieldwork conducted in Greece in 2003 involving: indepth interviews with people engaged (forty four participants) in the practice of diverse, heterogeneous media projects - one newspaper, two periodicals, three pirate radio stations and three Internet sites - this thesis evaluates the limits and the challenges of the practice of such projects in terms of their contribution to the public sphere and their intervention in the sphere of 'the political'. It argues that while such projects constitute a realm for the representation of various social domains, collectives/social groups and their discourses, as well as, for their intervention in civic life, at the same time their practice is entrapped in traditional 'politics' that deter the expansion of these projects, and negate the potential their practice encompasses for the constitution of `the political' in the realm of everyday life as well.
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Shepley, N. S. „Henry Green : an oblique approach to the everyday“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/803468/.
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Most work on the mid-twentieth-century English novelist Henry Green either seeks to place his writing firmly within its social and historical context or else offers up a single reading of the novels, focusing on the poetic or recreative qualities of Green's 1940s work. This thesis offers a different reading, neither taking the novels as all of a piece nor ignoring Green's later work. It suggests that his fiction plays with narrative form and the obliqueness of language to explore and reveal the indeterminacy of the everyday, from the earliest short stories -published in 1923 in the Eton ephemeral, College Days -right through to his last two dialogic novels, Nothing (1950) and Doting (1952). This thesis begins, drawing on Green's letters to Nevill Coghill and building on Jeremy Treglown's 2000 biography of Green, with an examination of how the open-ended pseudonym Henry Green, as a nominal half of Henry Yorke, the novelist's real name, provides neither total anonymity nor authorial authenticity. This ambivalence continues with the growing narratorial impersonality and indirection of the novels: the enigmatic multiplicity of symbols in Living (1929) and Party Going (1939); the underlying psychological impact of trauma in Caught (1943) and Back (1946); and the recurrent deflation or relegation of the event throughout Green's oeuvre. With Nothing and Doting, the author's presence is virtually erased, creating a connotative intensity reminiscent of the pseudonym Green -albeit stylistically rather than nominally where the repetition of conversational cliches can go by unnoticed, be read as poetry, or anything in between. Green's writing is undoubtedly poetic and extraordinary, but attention is also due to the cliched, repetitive or uneventful aspects of his fiction, which critics continue to dismiss. This study sets out to uncover a little more of the vast potential Which lies within this unostentatious backdrop of Green's work.
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Salinas, Vaccaro Alejandro Andrés. „Synthetic biology approach for green macroalgal biomass depolymerization“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31454.
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Green macroalgae represent an attractive source of renewable carbon. Conversion of algal biomass to useful products requires depolymerization of the cell wall polysaccharides cellulose and ulvan. Cellulose saccharification has been widely studied and involves synergistic action of endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases. The enzymatic depolymerization of ulvan has not received the same attention and additional studies are required in order to fully understand the mechanisms involved in its biodegradation. Synthetic biology offers the possibility of importing modules such as biomass-degrading systems and biofuel producing pathways from different organisms into a genetically tractable host such as Escherichia coli. In this study it was shown that E. coli expressing the glycosidase CHU2268 of Cytophaga hutchinsonii grows well on cello-oligosaccharides such as cellohexaose, and co-expression with the endoglucanase CenA of Cellulomonas fimi allows growth on untreated crystalline cellulose. Moreover, a model for ulvan utilization was built for the first time based on a polysaccharide utilization locus from the alga-associated flavobacterium Formosa agariphila. It was also shown that F. agariphila, is able to grow using biomass from the green macroalga Ulva lactuca as its sole carbon source, and enzymes with ulvanase activity are induced by the presence of this alga in the culture medium. Enzymes for ulvan depolymerization from F. agariphila, including an ulvan lyase, xylanases and rhamnosidases, were cloned using the PaperClip DNA assembly method and expressed in active form in E. coli. Furthermore, a secretion system based on the use of the Antigen 43 was successfully used to secrete an active ulvan lyase using E. coli and ribosome binding sites of different strengths were studied and used to optimize the system. These results represent a first step for the design of a microorganism capable of utilizing green macroalgal biomass for the production of biofuels and other valuable bio-products.
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Boyer, de la Giroday Elsa, und David Stenvall. „Green Investments Under Uncertainty : - A cross-quantilogram approach“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158100.
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In this study, we analyze the quantile dependence for green bond returns and renewable energy stock returns with three major asset classes: corporate bonds, stocks and oil. Furthermore, we control the dependence structure for technology, uncertainties as well as lag structures and time-varying effects. We apply the cross-quantilogram developed by Han et al. (2016) that allows us to study the dependence structures between two time series in arbitrary quantiles. The results led us to three key findings: 1) The returns of thegreen bond market are tail-dependent on the returns of both long and short-term maturities for the corporate bond market but are not dependent on the stock market nor the oil market. The tail-dependence indicates that while investors may hold green bonds due to moral incentives, it is not enough during times of turbulence. Further, the dependence structures are short-lived. 2)The renewable energy market is dependent on oil returns of similar quantiles, suggesting that renewable energy substitutes oil when oil prices increase. However, renewable energy does not influence the oil market, indicating that oil is not a substitutional energy source for renewable energy driven firms. Renewable energy stocks are further highly dependent on the returns of the general stock market but are not influenced by the returns on the corporate bond market. 3) The dependence of both renewable energy and green bonds with the asset markets are time-varying. Our overall results obtained by this paper provides information that could help facilitate new investment allocations towards green investments. Further, the results may have immediate and important implications for investors. For those in the corporate bond market, adding green bonds does not add diversification benefits during turbulence. Similarly, renewable energy stock does not add diversification benefits to investors in the oil or stock market.
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CABRAS, VALENTINA. „Green Synthesis Approach to Coordination Polymers by Mechanochemistry“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/249603.
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The field of Metal-Organic Frameworks, also known with the abbreviation MOFs, has been subjected to an accelerated growth in the last 15 years. The process of mixing quickly available metal precursors with organic ligands—many of which are commercially available—to produce a wide range of frameworks, is capturing the interest of chemists and materials scientists worldwide.
There is an important link between MOF chemistry and fields of inorganic and coordination chemistry, there is also a conceptual link into the field of materials chemistry that has evolved applications ranging from catalysis to energy storage. Organic chemistry is also able to contribute to the MOFs design by the synthesis of new ligands with the aim of giving different properties to the MOF wall. X-ray crystallography and solid-state chemistry provide information about the structures of MOFs so that the process of designing and synthesizing MOFs can be refined to control a targeted property of those frameworks.
My PhD thesis aims to explore, especially from the point of view of synthetic and structural, morphological, thermal and textural characterizations, the chemistry of Coordination Polymers (CPs) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Mechanochemical synthesis has been adopted as a powerful method for environmentally-friendly CPs and MOFs synthesis. The experimental section, have been divided in four parts: the first part concerns the efficient mechanosynthesis of an iron(III) trimesate MOF and its usage for the adsorption of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) from a simulated low-sulfur diesel fuel. In the second, the structural, thermal and morphological properties of CPs based on unsatured Ni(II) dithiophostato/ dithiophospnonato complexes and 4,4’-bipyridine as linker are outlined. The third part dials with an array study of reactivity under mechanochemical conditions of a set of CPs based on the same unsatured Ni(II) complexes with different topologies of polydentate ligands. The final part is dedicated to the attempt to obtain thio-functionalized ligands for design, synthesis and future application in CP/ MOF architecture.
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Vrotsou, Christina. „Stories about sex trafficking in Greece : A productive power play“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110638.
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The theme of this thesis regards power manifestations in sex trafficking in Greece, through the context of a particular women’s NGO situated in Athens, Greece. The stories that are analysed here are in one way or the other drawn from that NGO context, specifically: the story of the president of the NGO, the story of an activist in that NGO and the story of a woman who has been sex trafficked. What this thesis explores, under a poststructuralist road, influenced by a genealogical approach and inspired by Foucault’s notions of power, is how power can be productive in sex trafficking and the relevant anti-sex trafficking activism. Additionally, using intersectionality as an analytical tool, it explores which social markers are part of that productive play. Situated in crisis Greece, where several issues/problems are intensified, entangled, spread and spilled over in several areas, I find that there is relevance in research concerning how power, in the respective context, can work in productive ways. What is shown through the stories are several contradictions regarding conceptualizations of the role of the police, law, justice, and their relation with rights, religion, ethnicity, race, sex and gender. I treat these contradictions as key illustrators of the productive power play, visualized as a network that entangles different elements and draws its power through their relations. Productive power is seen through corrupt police officers; the accusation of the president of the NGO; through subjects of law, religion and debt; through gender performances; through prolific captivity and so on. What is shown is that the manifestations of power through these stories vary according to the context, but the productive element of power is their joint effect.
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Psarras, Alkiviadis C. „Trade mark licensing in England and Greece : a comparative approach“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358920.
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Martin, Olivier Martin Olivier Martin Olivier Martin Olivier. „A numerical green's function approach to investigate vectorial field-matter interactions /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1199.
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Olsen, Sarah. „Synthesis of Copper Sulphides: A Green Chemistry Microwave Approach“. Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279452.
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Peratt, Cody Alan. „Green ingrained : a sustainable approach to mountain resort development“. Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1479.
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Rajabi, Khamesi Atieh. „A Stochastic Geometry approach towards Green Communications in 5G“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422676.
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In this dissertation, we investigate two main research directions towards net- work efficiency and green communications in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) as a promising network structure for the fifth generation of mobile systems. In order to analyze the networks, we use a powerful mathematical tool, named stochastic geometry. In our research, first we study the performance of MIMO technology in single-tier and two-tier HetNets. In this work, we apply a more realistic network model in which the correlation between tiers is taken into account. Comparing the obtained results with the commonly used model shows performance enhancement and greater efficiencies in cellular networks. As the second part of our research, we apply two Cell Zooming (CZ) techniques to HetNets. With focus on green communications, we present a K−tier HetNet in which BSs are only powered by energy har- vesting. Despite the uncertain nature of energy arrivals, combining two CZ techniques, namely telescopic and ON/OFF scenarios, enables us to achieve higher network performance in terms of the coverage and blocking probabilities while reducing the total power consumption and increasing the energy and spectral efficiencies.In this dissertation, we investigate two main research directions towards net- work efficiency and green communications in heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) as a promising network structure for the fifth generation of mobile systems. In order to analyze the networks, we use a powerful mathematical tool, named stochastic geometry. In our research, first we study the performance of MIMO technology in single-tier and two-tier HetNets. In this work, we apply a more realistic network model in which the correlation between tiers is taken into account. Comparing the obtained results with the commonly used model shows performance enhancement and greater efficiencies in cellular networks. As the second part of our research, we apply two Cell Zooming (CZ) techniques to HetNets. With focus on green communications, we present a K−tier HetNet in which BSs are only powered by energy har- vesting. Despite the uncertain nature of energy arrivals, combining two CZ techniques, namely telescopic and ON/OFF scenarios, enables us to achieve higher network performance in terms of the coverage and blocking probabilities while reducing the total power consumption and increasing the energy and spectral efficiencies.
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Petridou, Evangelia. „Milk ties : a commodity chain approach to Greek culture“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349871/.
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The thesis explores aspects of contemporary Greek culture as it emerges from the study of production, distribution and consumption of dairy products. Contrary to views of commoditisation as cultural homogenisation, this research is based on the premise that commodity chains constitute a central mechanism for the negotiation of cultural meaning and the construction of social relations in contemporary societies. As part of material culture studies, the research draws on insights provided by a variety of disciplines, such as social anthropology, human geography, cultural studies and marketing. In its totality, the thesis allows for a study of the transition to a highly marketised economy, considering simultaneously multiple levels of meaning formation and identity construction related to food. With particular focus on representations of time and space, the traditional and the modern, a variety of sites are explored, where cultural meaning is produced and negotiated: the marketing department of dairy companies, advertising agencies, small food stores, supermarkets and consumer households, while special reference is made to a rural-urban network of food provisioning established as a result of extensive internal migration. Fieldwork within those contexts is complemented with a consideration of global processes, such as the EU regulation on geographical indications and scientific claims about the Mediterranean model of diet. Dairy products are approached as the link between the various contexts of meaning that emerge through their circulation in society, and as mediators in the construction of social relations.
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Lani, Giovanna. „Towards a novel approach for the calculation of many-body Green's functions“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/66/79/23/PDF/thesis-glani.pdf.
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Dans ce travail, une nouvelle voie pour le calcul de la fonction de Green (GF) à une particule a été développée. L' objectif est de remédier aux défauts de nombreuses autres approches à plusieurs corps, par exemple l'approximation GW (GWA), dans le traitement des forts effets de corrélation dans les solides. L'idée consiste à résoudre un ensemble d'équations différentielles fonctionnelles et non-linéaires, qui sont centrales à la théorie des perturbations à plusieurs corps. Dans un premier temps, ce qu'on appelle le modèle à un 1-point est employé (une seule valeur pour chaque variable d'espace, temps, spin est retenue) et l'ensemble des équations se réduit alorsà une seule équation algébrique, pour laquelle une solution exacte et explicite est obtenue. La solution est utilisée comme outil de référence pour analyser les performances des autres méthodes bien établies (par exemple, des versions différentes de GW). Par ailleurs, des approximations alternatives sont conçues et pour les plus prometteuses la généralisation à la forme fonctionnelle (complète) est discutée. La dernière partie de cetravail aborde la généralisation de l'approche au-delà du cadre à1-point. Tout d'abord la dépendance en fréquence de la GF est restaurée (tout en conservant le modèle à un 1-point pour les variables d'espace et despin) et l'ensemble des équations est résolu. Il est montré que dans un tel cadre, il est possible de retrouver ce que l'on appelle "l'expansion en cumulants" pour GF- une approximation qui va au-delà de GW et fournit des fonctions spectrales en bon accord avec les expériences de photo-émission. Enfin, à l'aide d'un ansatz, une famille de solutions pour les equations dans leur forme fonctionnelle est obtenue et des moyens sont proposés, allant bien au delà de l'état de l'art, afin d'obtenir des approximations pour celles ayant une signification physiqueIn this work, a novel route to the calculation of the one particle Green's function (GF) has been developed. Its aim is to remedy to the shortcomings of other many-body approaches, e. G. The GW approximation (GWa), in treating strong effects of correlation in solids. The idea consists of solving a set of non-linear, differential, functional equations, which are pivotal to many-body perturbation theory. In a first instance, a so called 1-point model is employed (only one value for each time, spin, spatial variable is retained) and the set of equations reduces to a single algebraic equation, for which an explicit exact solution is obtained. The solution is used as a benchmark tool to analyze the performances of established many-body methods (e. G. Different GW flavours), moreover alternative approximations are devised and for the most promising ones the generalization to their full functional form is discussed. The last part of the work deals with the generalization of the approach beyond the 1-point framework. First the frequency dependence of the GF is restored (while still retaining the 1-point approximation for the space and spin variables) and the set of equations is solved. It is shown that in such framework it is possible to recover the so-called cumulant expansion for the GF- an approximation which is beyond GW and provides accurate spectral functions for photo emission experiments. Finally, through an ansatz, a family of solution for the equations in their full functional form is obtained and routes to approximate the physical one, far beyond the present state-of-the-art, are proposed
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Xygalatas, Dimitris. „Firewalking in Northern Greece : a cognitive approach to high-arousal rituals“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486243.
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In the village of Agia Eleni in Greece, firewalking rituals are performed by a community called the Anastenaria. Its members are Orthodox Christians. In addition to the Church ritualS, however, they observe a separate annual ritual cycle, focused on the worship of saints Constantine and Helen. The most important event in this cycle,is the festival of the two saints, which lasts for three days and includes various processions around the village, an animal sacrifice, music, and ecstatic dancing. The most dramatic moment of the festival is the firewalking ritual itself, where the participants, carrying the icons of the saints, dance over the burning-red coals. This dissertation is a cognitive ethnography of the Anastenaria. Its goal is twofold. As an ethnographic project. it intends to record and present this tradition within its specific social. political, and economic context. At the same time. as a cognitive endeavour, it aims to identify the psychological factors that contribute to the persistence and the transmission of the Anastenaria and other emotionally arousing rituals. These two directions of my research, the cognitive and the ethnographic, will be interrelated and interacting: on the one hand, cognitive theories and methods will serve as a tool for the interpretation of my ethnography. On the other, the ethnographic data will help me test the claims and the validity of some of these theories.
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Mantzari, Elisavet. „Adoption of international financial reporting standards in Greece : a critical approach“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adoption-of-international-financial-reporting-standards-in-greece(f907ab6d-4fdc-43a2-9cf0-3e68008d1190).html.
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This thesis studies the way the profession, key actors and other users perceive the use of IFRSs in Greece. The focus is mainly on providing evidence of perceptions towards the transition and implementation process, the way financial statements are used, what challenges are encountered and the recognised benefits after the adoption of IFRSs. The thesis explores the views of actual users about the usefulness of financial reports relating to the impact of IFRSs in an economy with different institutional infrastructures and accounting tradition from the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ model. It provides a critical perspective on the understanding of actors’ experience and interpretation of accounting change and challenges unquestioned beliefs and taken-for-granted assumptions surrounding the adoption of IFRSs. Drawing on a historical and political economy analysis of (inter)national accounting standard-setting and practices the driving rationale behind actors’ views is investigated. Gramsci’s conceptual vocabulary is utilised in order to encourage a theoretical insight into the empirical material. Empirical evidence has been gathered through interviews with key individuals in the implementation and establishment of IFRSs and secondary data, such as public statements, policies and the IASB’s exposure drafts and comments. The impact of IFRSs is evident in areas of measurement and disclosure while the user groups that make meaningful use of IFRSs’ financial information is narrow. The identified benefits of IFRSs in terms of the usefulness of financial information feature great similarity and consensus among local key actors. However, there are still challenges in the implementation and interpretation of IFRSs hindering the accomplishment of the IASB’s pronouncements in regard to the benefits of the standards. IFRSs convergence seems to improve over time. The state exerts significant influence over accounting practices and taxation considerations are generally considered as inhibiting compliance with IFRSs. It appears that there is a shift in the perceptions and beliefs of key individuals about the role of financial reporting in line with the neo-liberal shift in the rationale of IFRSs as promoted by standard-setters and dominant capital economies. The thesis challenges the position purported by standard setters that the adoption of IFRSs is a necessity driven by the natural forces of economic globalisation and that it results in improved decision usefulness of financial statements. There is more to financial reporting quality and comparability than imposing a common set of standards. Despite the inconsistencies in the application of IFRSs and the contradictions in actors’ views about the actual benefits of IFRSs, this has not led them to challenge the basic assumptions and hegemonic structures inherent in the domain of accounting and capital markets.
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O'Kane, Michael Patrick. „Considering the Irish Greens : an ethnographic approach to identity and environmentalism“. Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5238.
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Kastis, Stelios, und Vaggelis Kitsios. „The energy system of Greece : A Techno-economic and Environmental Approach“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23879.
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The human effort to continuously improve their standard of living in conjunction with the rapid growth of world‟s population, the reckless and the wasteful misuse of energy reserves threaten to lead mankind in an energy deadlock. In an effort to realize the size of the waste of our planet‟s available energy resources, we only need to point out that people have spent the last century stocks of raw materials and energy, which were saved and produced during the lifetime of our planet. The management of the energy systems in a proper and best way is considered to be essential worldwide. In this project the energy system of Greece is studied. The power production systems used in different sectors of life were analyzed. The study emphasized in the electricity production from different sources. Lignite electricity power plants were first introduced in the country followed by the gas power plants and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) installations. The deregulation of electricity market formed the new energy scenery of the country. Electricity grid reinforcements with smart metering and energy storage proved to be necessary in order the RES to be fully penetrated to the national grid, so as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced as much as possible. The further expansion of RES could help to cope with the barriers of the country‟s electrification due to singularity of hundred islands that are not yet interconnected to the mainland. Analytical theory methods and numerical skills used to derive the appropriate data and results. Installed capacity of the power sources was verified as well as costs and polluted emissions per unit and type of sources involved. Weaknesses and abnormalities of the electric system were pointed out. Proved gains from the RES use were verified for ensuring the sustainability of the country‟s energy system
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North, Peter. „Local exchange trading systems : a social movement approach“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361077.
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Wortmann, Daniel. „An embedding green function approach for electron transport through interfaces“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96909860X.
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Du, Preez Riekert. „A model for green IT strategy : a content analysis approach“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1485.
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Society’s reliance on Information Technology (IT) has increased tremendously in the last few decades. Unfortunately, the growth of the IT sector has occurred at the expense of the environment. The adverse environmental impact of IT operations is partly due to the production and disposal of IT equipment, which can result in harmful pollution and toxic materials being released into the environment. Furthermore, IT equipment consumes large amounts of electricity, and this results in significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) being released into the atmosphere. Since CO2 is classified as a greenhouse gas, it contributes to the phenomenon of climate change. Organisations are socially and ethically required to minimise the environmental impact of their IT operations. However, in addition to fulfilling their responsibility towards environmental sustainability, organisations can gain a competitive advantage through adopting green IT practices. In order to reap the benefits of green IT and to fulfil their social and ethical responsibilities, organisations need to formulate and implement a comprehensive green IT strategy. When formulating strategic decisions, the use of a clear decision process enhances the effectiveness of such decisions. As a result, top IT management require a model or framework which could guide their thinking and allow for a clear decision process when formulating green IT strategy. However, after an extensive search of the literature had been conducted, a research gap was identified for the definition of a model which deals specifically with the formulation and execution of green IT strategy. As a result, this treatise sets out to answer the question of what organisations should consider when formulating and implementing green IT strategy. To answer the research question, the treatise defines a model for green IT strategy. The model was defined by conducting a content analysis of the literature on green IT. The content-analysis ABSTRACT iii research technique was utilised to identify the underlying concepts within the literature related to green IT strategy formulation and execution. The resulting model indicates that green IT strategy formulation requires holistic thinking, since several forces affect green IT strategy. As a result, these forces should be considered when a green IT strategy is to be formulated. However, even if a strategy is formulated by considering all the forces at play, it is of little use if it is not implemented effectively. The model indicates that green IT strategy should be implemented though a series of practices. These practices are not limited to IT practices alone, but include, in addition, several business practices. This indicates that green IT adoption extends far beyond the mere implementation of green technology.
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Chandra, Shailja Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. „Investigating green building assessment tools: a risk-analysis based approach“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24970.
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This research investigates risks arising from the mechanism of green building assessment tools that may impact on the consistency of their outcomes and render them ineffective in reliably fulfilling their goals in the building industry. None of the past efforts at developing assessment tools have focused on the risk aspects of assessment tools. Moreover, slowly the building industry has started placing considerable reliance on them without completely understanding the consequences of potential risks. The origin of risks lies in the realization that assessing sustainability in buildings is complex and full of conflicting concepts and opinions, and that amidst all this, assessment tools are expected to deliver multiple performance objectives and goals. Given that the importance of assessing sustainability in buildings cannot be ignored, it becomes extremely important that assessment tools are understood well and are free from risks. To accomplish this, an array of potential risks are systematically brought together using a risk categorization method, which facilitated a basis to critically analyse the literature in the light of risks. This addressed the acknowledged gap in the literature on risks relating to assessment tools. Four categories are discussed under this categorization. These categories provide a basis for the quantitative investigation, which applies techniques of uncertainty analysis to quantify these risks. In the quantitative investigation, uncertainty in 40 input parameters is propagated through several alternative forms of the mechanism of assessment tools. The input parameters are selected using the assessment data of a case study (Arts Faculty building, University of Sunshine Coast). The design of alternative forms of the mechanism is based on the identified risk categories and is carried out using a vehicle assessment tool (Green Building Tool). The uncertainty propagation is carried out using a risk analysis tool (@Risk). Descriptive statistics is deployed to analyse the results of the uncertainty propagations. Analysis of the results has brought an understanding and insights into various aspects of the mechanism in the context of their predisposition to increase or decrease risks. To ensure that an assessment tool's specific goals are fulfilled, the mechanism needs to be designed carefully so that it is low-risk and appropriate to the intent. By providing in-depth insights into the mechanism, the methodology and outcomes of this research are important for the future development of green building assessment tools.
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Beauchamp, Pierre. „Water-centric approach to developing green infrastructure (framework and cost)“. Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123225.
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WATER-CENTRIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: Framework and CostPierre Beauchamp, P. Eng., 15 avril 2014AbstractGreen infrastructure (GI) has emerged as an active term of reference in project development planning. However, elaboration and discussion of integrated frameworks to assist engineering organizations in planning the start-up of new projects are largely absent from GI research literature, particularly in the context of greening and sustainability. The present study attempts to bridge this gap by developing and proposing an integrated framework focused on the start-up development of green projects relating to storm water, water supply, and wastewater.The present study's first objective was to explore the use of fully integrated GI in the engineering design of a biophilic development incorporating sustainability principles. To achieve the desired teamwork, a clear sequence of tasks to define the workflow was required. A review of the literature led to the identification of several different approaches, from which I selected four, improved, and then employed them to build a ready-to-use framework of sequenced tasks. These tasks included all components of water management (precipitation and drainage, water supply and wastewater). A case study in China employed in testing this framework demonstrated that all GI components could be integrated into one approach. While the structuring of an integrated water-centric development (IWCD) approach was found to be applicable to a wide range of projects, appropriate capacity building was critical to its success.In support of the study's second objective, the newly proposed framework was implemented to compare, in the form of a feasibility study, the economic benefits of investment and overall cost of designing green with those of designing conventionally in the case of a new institutional pole for the city of Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec, Canada. While the study showed increases in the value of GI projects to mirror the construction costs of such projects, it also found that implementing GI (vs. conventional) infrastructure can result in savings in both construction and life cycle costs. Therefore, GI can provide significant economic benefits to cities.The study showed that a GI project including components from water source to wastewater disposal would cost 15 percent more, at the level of each housing unit, than a conventional infrastructure design. However, the study also demonstrated that the value of each housing unit would be 15 to 27 percent greater in a green neighborhood than in a conventionally designed neighborhood. This would provide an equivalent increase in tax revenues for the municipality. Although many frameworks have been proposed for stimulating a green urban agenda, few have offered a start-up methodology for incorporating biophilia within the engineer's design. This study served to develop a new integrated framework for storm water, wastewater, water supply, and street layout for GI projects.WATER-CENTRIC APPROACH TO DEVELOPING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE: Framework and CostPierre Beauchamp, ing. 15 avril 2014RésuméLe thème des infrastructures vertes (GI) est devenu un terme de référence dans la planification du développement des projets. Toutefois, les approches intégrées pour aider les organisations d'ingénierie dans la planification de la mise en place de nouveaux projets verts sont largement absents de la littérature, en particulier dans le contexte du développement durable. La présente étude vise à combler cette lacune en développant et en proposant une approche axée sur le développement d'une structure de démarrage des projets verts, et en tenant compte du drainage, de l'approvisionnement en eau et du traitement des eaux-usées.Le premier objectif de la présente étude est d'explorer l'utilisation des infrastructures vertes pleinement intégrées dans la conception technique d'un développement durable et dans le contexte d'un développement biophile d'une ville. Pour supporter un travail d'équipe, l'élaboration d'une séquence claire des tâches à exécuter a été nécessaire. Une revue de la littérature a conduit à l'identification de plusieurs approches différentes, à partir de laquelle quatre propositions ont été retenues. De là une approche améliorée, a été conçue pour définir les tâches séquentielles permettant de démarrer un projet vert. Ces tâches comprennent toutes les composantes de la gestion de l'eau (drainage, approvisionnement en eau et eaux-usées). Une étude de cas en Chine a permis de vérifier l'acuité de cette approche. Cette étude a permis de démontrer que toutes les composantes de l'infrastructure verte pourraient être intégrées dans un nouveau projet de développement. Cette approche est nettement centrée sur l'eau.Pour satisfaire un deuxième objectif de l'étude, la nouvelle approche proposée a été utilisée pour comparer, dans le cadre d'une étude de faisabilité, les avantages économiques d'un investissement vert avec celle d'une conception classique, pour l'élaboration du concept d'un nouveau pôle institutionnel de la ville de Vaudreuil- Dorion PQ, Canada. Bien que l'étude ait montré que le coût de construction des projets verts était plus élevé, il a été constaté que sur un cycle de vie les infrastructures vertes peuvent entrainer des économies d'entretien. Les infrastructures vertes peuvent apporter des avantages économiques importants pour les villes.L'étude a démontré que les coûts d'immobilisation des infrastructures vertes étaient de 15% supérieures à comparer à des infrastructures conventionnelles sur la base d'une unité de logement. Par contre, l'étude a également démontré que la valeur de chaque unité d'habitation serait de 15 à 27 pour cent plus élevée dans un quartier vert plutôt que dans un quartier de conception conventionnelle. Cela permet une augmentation équivalente des recettes fiscales pour une municipalité.Bien que de nombreuses approches ont été identifiées, peu d'entre elles permettre de démarrer un projet d'ingénierie biophile. Cette étude a permis d'élaborer une nouvelle approche intégrée pour la mise en place d'infrastructures vertes qui tient compte de la place de l'eau dans le développement.
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Keville, Kurt (Kurt Lawrence). „Green HPC : a system design approach to energy-efficient datacenters“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67557.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
Green HPC is the new standard for High Performance Computing (HPC). This has now become the primary interest among HPC researchers because of a renewed emphasis on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and the pursuit of higher performance. Quite simply, the cost of operating modern HPC equipment can rapidly outstrip the cost of acquisition. This phenomenon is recent and can be traced to the inadequacies in modern CPU and Datacenter systems design. This thesis analyzes the problem in its entirety and describe best practice fixes to solve the problems of energy-inefficient HPC.
by Kurt Keville.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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O, Connor Francis Joseph. „A multi-stakeholder abridged environmentally conscious design approach“. Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324207.
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Rios, Huguet Arnau. „Thermodynamical Properties of Nuclear Matter from a newline Self-Consistent Green's Function Approach“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1588.
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The main contribution of this thesis concerns the application of the Luttinger-Ward formalism to the study of the thermodynamical properties of nuclear matter. This formalism is devoted to compute the different thermodynamical potentials from the Green's functions and therefore offers a consistent theoretical framework within which the microscopic as well as the macroscopic properties of nuclear matter can be treated at the same level.In this thesis, the Luttinger-Ward formalism has been applied to nuclear matter within two different approximations. The Hartree-Fock approximation leads to unrealistic results, but it is very useful to check the validity of the formalism in the mean-field case. Within the ladder approximation, the application of the Luttinger-Ward formalism leads to analytical results for the thermodynamical potentials in terms of the microscopical properties of the system. Therefore, using the Self-Consistent Green's Function scheme, which offers a realistic description of nuclear systems at the microscopical level, one obtains a set of microscopical properties (spectral functions, NN interaction in the medium, etc) which can be used directly in the calculation of the thermodynamical observables of dense matter.
In particular, in this thesis special attention has been paid to the computation of the entropy of a system of correlated nucleons within the dynamical quasi-particle approximation. From this quantity, the free energy as well as other thermodynamical potentials of the system have been computed, leading to a full characterization of nuclear matter at the macroscopic level. In addition, the thermodynamical consistency of the approach has been shown by means of the microscopic and macroscopic chemical potentials. Finally, the liquid-gas phase transition of nuclear matter has been studied at a qualitative level.
La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi ha estat l'aplicació del formalisme de Luttinger-Ward a l'estudi de les propietats termodinàmiques de la matèria nuclear. Aquest formalisme permet obtenir els diferents potencials termodinàmics a partir de les funcions de Green i constitueix doncs un marc teòric consistent en què les propietats microscòpiques i macroscòpiques de la matèria nuclear poden ser tractades al mateix nivell.
En aquesta tesi, el formalisme de Luttinger-Ward s'ha aplicat a la matèria nuclear per a dues aproximacions diferents. En l'aproximació de Hartree-Fock, els resultats obtinguts són poc realistes, però permeten comprovar la validesa del formalisme en el cas del camp mig. En l'aproximació d'escala, l'aplicació del funcional de Luttinger-Ward dóna resultats analítics per als potencials termodinàmics a partir de les propietats microscòpiques del sistema. D'aquesta manera, mitjançant l'esquema de Funcions de Green Autoconsistents, que ofereix una descripció realista del sistema nuclear a nivell microscòpic, obtenim una sèrie de propietats microscòpiques (funcions espectrals, interacció NN en el medi nuclear, etc) que poden ser utilitzades directament en el càlcul dels observables termodinàmics de la matèria densa.
En particular, en aquesta tesi hem fet èmfasi en el càlcul de l'entropia d'un sistema de nucleons correlacionats en l'aproximació de quasi-partícula dinàmica. A partir d'aquesta quantitat, s'han obtingut l'energia lliure i altres potencials termodinàmics del sistema, fet que ens permet caracteritzar-lo a nivell macroscòpic. A més, s'ha demostrat la consistència termodinàmica de l'aproximació a partir de càlculs del potencial químic macroscòpic i microscòpic. Finalment, s'ha estudiat de manera qualitativa la transició líquid-gas de la matèria nuclear.
RESUMEN:
La principal contribución de esta tesis concierne la aplicación del formalismo de Luttinger-Ward al estudio de las propiedades termodinámicas de la materia nuclear. Este formalismo permite obtener los diferentes potenciales termodinámicos a partir de las funciones de Green y constituye por lo tanto un marco teórico consistente en el que las propiedades microscópicas y macroscópicas de la materia nuclear pueden ser tratadas al mismo nivel.
En esta tesis, el formalismo de Luttinger-Ward se ha aplicado a la materia nuclear para dos aproximaciones distintas. En la aproximación de Hartree-Fock, los resultados obtenidos son poco realistas, pero permiten comprobar la validez del formalismo en el caso del campo medio. En la aproximación de escalera, la aplicación del funcional de Luttinger-Ward da lugar a resultados analíticos para los potenciales termodinámicos a partir de las propiedades microscópicas del sistema. De este modo, mediante el esquema de Funciones de Green Autoconsistentes, que ofrece a una descripción realista del sistema nuclear a nivel microscópico, obtenemos una serie de propiedades microscópicas (funciones espectrales, interacción NN en el medio nuclear, etc) que pueden ser usadas directamente en el cálculo de los observables termodinámicos de la materia densa.
En particular, en esta tesis se ha prestado especial atención al cálculo de la entropía de un sistema de nucleones correlacionados en la aproximación de quasi-partícula dinámica. A partir de esta cantidad, se ha obtenido la energía libre, así como otros potenciales termodinámicos del sistema, lo que nos permite caracterizarlo a nivel macroscópico. Así mismo, se ha demostrado la consistencia termodinámica de la aproximación a partir de los cálculos del potencial químico macroscópico y microscópico. Finalmente, se ha estudiado de forma cualitativa la transición líquido-gas de la materia nuclear.
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Pillay, Samara. „The narrow escape problem : a matched asymptotic expansion approach“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1428.
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We consider the motion of a Brownian particle trapped in an arbitrary bounded two or three-dimensional domain, whose boundary is reflecting except for a small absorbing window through which the particle can escape. We use the method of matched asymptotic expansions to calculate the mean first passage time, defined as the time taken for the Brownian particle to escape from the domain through the absorbing window. This is known as the narrow escape problem. Since the mean escape time diverges as the window shrinks, the calculation is a singular perturbation problem. We extend our results to include N absorbing windows of varying length in two dimensions and varying radius in three dimensions. We present findings in two dimensions for the unit disk, unit square and ellipse and in three dimensions for the unit sphere. The narrow escape problem has various applications in many fields including finance, biology, and statistical mechanics.
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Bitar, Marianne. „Biotechnological approach for the removal of green pigments from Canola oil“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78248.
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Optimization of the culture conditions for the biomass production of the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum was investigated in relation to chlorophyllase activity. To obtain the highest total chlorophyllase activity, the biomass of P. tricornutum was harvested after a period of 7 days of incubation during which the incubation temperature was maintained at 18°C for 18 h during the day and 10°C for 6 h during the night. During culture incubation, illumination was provided by fluorescent lamps projecting an incident intensity of 330 mumol/m2.s and the pH of the culture was maintained at 8.4, adjusted by a stream flow of CO 2. The hydrolytic activity of a partially purified chlorophyllase extract, obtained from the fresh biomass of P. tricornutum, was investigated in an aqueous/miscible organic solvent system containing refined bleached deodorized (RBD) canola oil, and chlorophyll or pheophytin as substrate. The effect of a wide range of oil contents, chlorophyll and pheophytin concentrations, acetone concentrations, incubation temperatures and agitation speeds on the enzyme activity was studied. The optimum reaction conditions for chlorophyllase biocatalysis were determined to consist of 20% oil, 10% acetone and a 200 rpm agitation speed with optimum temperatures and substrate concentrations of 35°C and 12.6 muM for chlorophyll, and 30°C and 9.3 muM for pheophytin. The presence of RBD canola oil showed an inhibitory effect on chlorophyllase activity whereas acetone acted as an activator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at higher ones. Moreover, chlorophyllase showed a limited affinity towards pheophytin as substrate compared to that obtained for chlorophyll. Selected samples of crude commercial canola oil were analyzed for their green pigment content using high-performance liquid chromatography and chlorophyllase biocatalysis was investigated on eight varieties of crude commercial canola oil. The chlorophyllase activity was lower in th
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Tripoli, Regis. „A green route to oxindole alkaloids : a new approach to horsfiline“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273443.
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Kayan, Brit Anak. „Green maintenance for historic masonry buildings : a life cycle assessment approach“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2676.
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This research establishes the concept of ‘Green Maintenance’ modelling for historic masonry buildings. It recognises the important role of maintenance and repair in reducing embodied carbon expenditure, thus minimising the Environmental Maintenance Impact (EMI) typically associated with the deterioration of external stone masonry walls. The model was developed using a mathematical framework, and it generated results described in terms of EMI. This model utilises life-cycle assessment (LCA) ‘cradle-to-site’ over a selected maintenance period. The work evaluates embodied carbon expenditure from different stone masonry wall repair techniques for historic masonry buildings during their maintenance phase. It was discovered that embodied carbon expenditure for these repair techniques are highly influenced by the number of maintenance interventions, longevity of repairs, total wall surface repaired (m2), the embodied carbon coefficient value (‘cradle-to-gate’) and kg/km emission factors (‘gate-to-site’) associated with materials and repair processes. Based on the EMI in terms of embodied carbon expenditure generated from the results of ‘Green Maintenance’, the efficiency of stone masonry wall repair techniques can be determined. This not only aids in maintenance decisions making processes, but also contributes in substantiating the philosophical defensibility and sustainability of interventions. In the broader sense, this model is not simply confined to masonry and will be of use to those entrusted with the repair of other elements and components.
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Lloyd, Rhiannon. „An institutional approach to understanding the green paradox of nuclear power“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58700/.
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This thesis proposes that the range of institutional logics provided by both Friedland and Alford (1991) and Thornton, Ocasio and Lounsbury (2012) has overlooked the inclusion of an environmental societal logic. The concept of an environmental logic is therefore developed and applied in order to understand how a ‘green paradox’ surrounding nuclear power emerged over the past sixty years of the UK civil nuclear energy programme. The research employs a Critical Realist ontology (Bhaskar 1975) and constructs a qualitative and historical case study of the nuclear power industry via the analysis of newspaper articles and Government policy documents. The findings show that the green nuclear debate was informed by four ‘situated’ manifestations of an environmental societal logic which informed the environmental values and expectations of different actor groups engaged in the debate. In particular, the thesis shows how a situated target-based environmental logic emerged within the energy industry as a result of embedded institutional work and eventually informed the arguments promoting green nuclear. These arguments remained in contention with those of the environmental movement who maintained that nuclear power was definitively not environmentally friendly. Additionally, the Critical Realist ontology provides a framework with which to explore levels of meaning and structure and thus offers a means to explain this ‘situated’ nature of institutional logics. This thesis contributes to existing institutional theory in three key ways: Firstly it proposes and illustrates the theoretical and analytical utility of an environmental institutional logic. Secondly it develops the concept of a situated logic and, in doing so, builds an improved understanding of the ways in which agency, institutional logics and the institutional structure of industries interconnect. Thirdly it demonstrates and explains how one societal logic may become situated in multiple and possibly contradictory ways depending on the actor groups in which it manifests.
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Graber, Jay. „The green tailgate: alternative approach to stormwater management at sports venues“. Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4485.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
William P. Winslow III
Sports venues require large amounts of parking to facilitate the number of spectators attending an event. The parking, mostly surface, is underutilized when compared to traditional parking lots accommodating daily use. Large parking surfaces alter the natural hydrological cycle by generating large volumes of runoff. Over time, pollutants build up on a parking surface and are discharged into a stormwater drainage system during a rain event. The intent of the research is to investigate the use of Best Management Practices that ultimately reduce the pollutant loads created by stormwater runoff while creating amenities for spectators that could potentially generate revenue. The focus of the study will be on a 400 acre sports venue in Kansas City, Missouri, the Truman Sports Complex. To understand retrofitting stormwater management practices, one must understand how large parking lots are constructed and understand successful examples. Through the use of archival research, interviews and analysis of two parking lot case studies, Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington and US Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois, the research analyzed how retrofitting design solutions are utilized to reduce stormwater pollutant loads. Each case study documents a distinct type of retrofitting strategy; bioswales at Northgate Mall and permeable concrete pavers at US Cellular Field. Using the Design Point Method developed by the Center for Watershed Protection, the research analyzes each case study retrofit design solution - conceptually and post construction. The Design Point Method allowed the research to measure the success of retrofitting strategies and informed the research to as to how the strategies could be implemented at the Truman Sports Complex. The conclusion of the project is a retrofit design solution of a surface parking lot at the Truman Sports Complex. Using the Design Point Method as an analysis tool, the final study provides compelling evidence that retrofitting existing surface parking lots at sports venues using Best Management Practices provides a sustainable solution to reducing pollutant loads while creating the potential for enhancing the tailgate experience for the sports fan.
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Fairlie, Reinoso Alan. „Graduate Programs in Green Growth and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Approach“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117886.
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Since the concern about the negative impacts of the current economic modelin the scarcity of natural resources and their conservation, it comes the need toconfront them and create, from academia, some research areas that include thesenew features and development trends. In this paper, an overview of the conceptualaspects of the main proposals for the transition to sustainable development isperformed, such as the Green Growth, Bio-Commerce, Bio-Economy, amongothers. Then, it is identified and analyzed a group of graduate programs developedon the sustainable development. Finally, a comparative balance, based on the offerof the Master of Bio and Sustainable Development.Dada la preocupación por los impactos negativos que tiene el actual modeloeconómico en la escasez de recursos naturales y la conservación de estos, nacela necesidad de enfrentarlos y crear, desde la academia, áreas de estudios quecontemplen estas nuevas opciones y tendencias de desarrollo. En el presentedocumento, se realiza una introducción a los aspectos conceptuales de lasprincipales propuestas para la transición hacia el desarrollo sostenible, como sonel crecimiento verde, biocomercio, bioeconomía, entre otros. Luego, se identificay analiza un grupo de programas de posgrado desarrollados en las líneas dedesarrollo sostenible. Por último, se consolida un balance comparativo sobre labase de la oferta de la Maestría de Biocomercio y Desarrollo Sostenible.
Dada a preocupação com os impactos negativos do atual modelo econômicona escassez de recursos naturais e à conservação destes, vem a necessidade deenfrentá-los e criar, a partir de universidades, áreas de pesquisa que incluemesses novos recursos e tendências de desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho, uma visãogeral dos aspectos conceituais das principais propostas para a transição para odesenvolvimento sustentável é realizada. o crescimento verde, Bio-Comércio,Bio-Economia, entre outros. Em seguida, identifica e analisa um grupo deprogramas de pós-graduação desenvolvidos sobre as linhas de desenvolvimentosustentável. Finalmente, um balanço consolidado comparativo baseado na ofertado Mestrado em Bio e Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
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Chinenyeze, Samuel Jaachimma. „Mango : a model-driven approach to engineering green Mobile Cloud Applications“. Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/976572.
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With the resource constrained nature of mobile devices and the resource abundant offerings of the cloud, several promising optimisation techniques have been proposed by the green computing research community. Prominent techniques and unique methods have been developed to offload resource/computation intensive tasks from mobile devices to the cloud. Most of the existing offloading techniques can only be applied to legacy mobile applications as they are motivated by existing systems. Consequently, they are realised with custom runtimes which incur overhead on the application. Moreover, existing approaches which can be applied to the software development phase, are difficult to implement (based on manual process) and also fall short of overall (mobile to cloud) efficiency in software qualityattributes or awareness of full-tier (mobile to cloud) implications. To address the above issues, the thesis proposes a model-driven architecturefor integration of software quality with green optimisation in Mobile Cloud Applications (MCAs), abbreviated as Mango architecture. The core aim of the architecture is to present an approach which easily integrates software quality attributes (SQAs) with the green optimisation objective of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). Also, as MCA is an application domain which spans through the mobile and cloud tiers; the Mango architecture, therefore, takesinto account the specification of SQAs across the mobile and cloud tiers, for overall efficiency. Furthermore, as a model-driven architecture, models can be built for computation intensive tasks and their SQAs, which in turn drives the development – for development efficiency. Thus, a modelling framework (called Mosaic) and a full-tier test framework (called Beftigre) were proposed to automate the architecture derivation and demonstrate the efficiency of Mango approach. By use of real world scenarios/applications, Mango has been demonstrated to enhance the MCA development process while achieving overall efficiency in terms of SQAs (including mobile performance and energy usage compared to existing counterparts).
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Bormpoudakis, Dimitrios. „Green infrastructure and landscape connectivity in England : a political ecology approach“. Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56639/.
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'Conservation is about people, not just animals' argued Prince William in a letter to The Financial Times , written to gather support for ending ivory poaching and trading. This truism is often repeated by conservationists; we are frequently reminded that what we do - as humans - influences nature 'out there'. Nevertheless, conservation science often hesitates to interrogate what we do as organised human societies. Time and again, that leads to somewhat simplifying analyses of humanity's enormous power in shaping the whole Earth System -currently argued to surpass the power of geological forces. A case in point could be the isolation of corruption in Africa as the main driver for ivory market explosion in the last decade. Without considering the political-economy not just of ivory, but of the global-to-local societal organisation that allows for thousands of elephants and rhinos to be killed - for something of so low use-value such as ivory - little understanding can be shed on this alarming trend. I argue, and hope I have shown in this thesis, that we should aim towards enriching what conservation understands as its field of vision and allow the latter to encompass not just human and nonhuman nature and societies, as Prince William rightfully argues, but also the political and societal. I would be satisfied if by going through this thesis the reader would be convinced of just this argument. I am not claiming to be the first to identify this contradiction within conservation, but contra a sizeable number of scientists who work on similar subjects, I am normatively for conservation. A wealth of research has been published on conservation-society relationships that interrogates wider political, societal and economic constrains and opportunities as they relate to conservation. Usually though, research on what could be called critical conservation studies is (a) published in journals that conservationists do not read, and (b) is conducted by non-conservationists, often critical of conservation as a science and praxis per se. Thus all this wealth has little import to wider discussions about the future of conservation science and practice, and is even considered by conservationists as hostile to their agenda. I hope it is obvious from the above that I place this piece of research within the wide field of conservation science - despite drawing from a variety of disciplines. In essence, this piece of work looks at the relation between political-economic transformations and the way societies think about, manage and regulate nature. Geographically, my focus is on England, but with a sideways glance to developments at the EU level. Historically, the scope is circumscribed by two years: 1981, the year of the Toxteth riots in Liverpool, and 2015, the year I submitted. Naturally, in this country-wide, 24 year study I have not even attempted to include 'everything'. I focused on what after examination of empirical data I considered to be key moments and places in the evolution of English conservation. I begin with a section that introduces the reader into the area of study , followed and a brief literature-based summary of conservation in England from the beginning of the 20th century. The next three chapters should be read as a small trilogy that discusses the general trends in conservation policy and governance in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis (Chapter 3), followed by two smaller chapters (vignettes) that study post-financial crisis landscape scale conservation from: (a) a policy and governance perspective (Chapter 4); a use of science and scientific metaphors perspective (Chapter 5). The following two chapters try to reconstruct the where and when (geography and history are important) specific conservation policies and practices emerge, always in relation to economic and political changes. Chapter 6 is a genealogy of green infrastructure, from its emergence in the post-riot Liverpool landscape of 1981, to its current amalgamation with ecosystem services and monetary-valuation-of-nature milieu. Chapter 7 looks at biodiversity offsetting and argues that changing economic and transport geographies are crucial in understanding why biodiversity offsetting emerged as a solution to wildlife-development conflict in this instance and in the South East of England in particular. I conclude with a proposal for a new conservation that places utopia at the centre of its methodology (Chapter 8).
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Nash, Caroline. „Brownfield-inspired green infrastructure : a new approach to urban biodiversity conservation“. Thesis, University of East London, 2017. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6678/.
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Brownfield sites can support nationally and internationally important biodiversity that is being lost from the broader landscape. This research was undertaken in response to the need for targeted solutions to compensate for the loss of brownfield habitat mosaics to development. The research investigated innovative approaches to urban green infrastructure (UGI) design, based on ecomimicry of brownfield habitat mosaics. The aim being to support new developments in meeting sustainability goals in terms of no net loss of biodiversity. The research comprised three main studies: an experimental investigation of the feasibility of creating novel wetland habitat mosaics on extensive green roofs (EGRs); a niche study of a novel biosolar brownfield roof; and an innovative brownfield landscaping experiment. Surveys of plant and invertebrate communities were undertaken to explore community development, and evaluate the effectiveness of the brownfield mosaic ecomimicry approach to UGI design. Elements of the research were co-created with a developer to facilitate knowledge sharing. The novel drainage EGR design successfully created ephemeral pools, and substrate heterogeneity produced a vegetation mosaic. Invertebrates recorded on the roofs included key conservation priority species, and important brownfield assemblages, but a limited representation of wetland species. This novel design could augment existing EGR typologies. The biosolar brownfield roof study demonstrated that PV panels influenced vegetation development, and that PV ‘edge’ zones were more diverse, contributing to creation of a habitat mosaic. Invertebrates groups responded differently to PV presence. Nonetheless the roof provided resources for several target endangered species. The experimental brownfield landscaping supported key conservation priority brownfield species and assemblages, and a much richer plant and invertebrate community than traditional landscaping. The results validated the ecomimicry approach as a framework for UGI design, and the innovative measures investigated could make a valuable contribution to compensating for brownfield habitat loss in the region.