Dissertationen zum Thema „Great Britain. Ministry of Supply“
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1
Phillips, V. L. „The labor supply decisions of nurses in Great Britain“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:32714aba-06ac-4266-bec1-177100cc9a28.
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This thesis examines the nursing labor market in Great Britain. It describes the components of supply and demand, their interaction, and the dominant role of supply in the market. It also gives a detailed accounting of the conditions of employment for nurses, their training arrangements, and the system by which their pay is determined. Following this discussion, two types of supply models are estimated. The first is a static model which uses data from the Women and Employment Survey to explain two dimensions of supply at a particular point in time: participation and hours of work; discontinuities in the supply function are also discussed. The second is a dynamic model which uses hazard functions to identify the determinants of nursing quits over time. Work history data collected from the personnel files of the John Radcliffe Hospital are the basis of this analysis and three specific quit models: to leave for another job, to leave the labor market altogether, and to leave to take up training, are estimated along with the aggregate quit function for qualified and unqualified nurses. Finally, the elasticities produced from the supply models are used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of various policies to increase the supply of nurse labor.
2
Fitzgerald, Patrick 1944. „Lost horizons : the British government and civil aviation between the wars, 1919-1939“. Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22586.
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In the inter-war period Great Britain lost its pre-eminence in aviation. The new industries centered on civil aviation were not appropriately nurtured. The roots of this decline were in policies struck for military considerations in the pre 1914 period. The emergent institution of the war, the Air Ministry, continued the military priority. Civil Aviation was controlled by an essentially military institution. In the immediate post-war period airline development was inadequately subsidized. The government's chosen instrument, Imperial Airways, failed to nurture civil aviation development. Emergent national aspirations within the Empire and hostile and indifferent governments without frustrated airline route growth. Equally hampered by poor government stewardship was the manufacturing aspect of aviation.
3
Sadler, Guy. „The helicopter and the struggle for its control between the War Office and the Air Ministry“. Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683045.
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4
Woodfine, Philip. „The Duke of Newcastle's war : Walpole's ministry and the war against Spain, 1737-1742“. Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1994. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/5980/.
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This thesis examines the last years of the Walpole ministry. It attempts to shed light on the inner workings of that ministry through an examination of its foreign policy, exploring the origins and impact of the 1739 war with Spain. This dissertation is the only extended modem study of the Anglo-Spanish diplomacy in these years. It is the only work to give adequate consideration both to the varying influence of British domestic pressures and to Spanish concerns. The thesis attempts to treat Spain's negotiations as variable, contingent on chance and on personalities, as well as on certain intractable beliefs and principles. Events are viewed largely from the perspective of the centre, the handful of leading ministers and diplomats who discussed and made political and diplomatic decisions. The personalities of ministers both in Spain and England, their interactions and rivalries and their differing views, are important to understanding how diplomacy worked. Though concentrating mainly on such interactions, and particularly the growing rivalry between Newcastle and Walpole, the thesis tries to show how influential others were. The inner circle of British ministers was preoccupied with the voice of those `without doors', and public opinion set limits to diplomacy even in Spain. The domestic context of British foreign policy included also a developing popular patriotism. The thesis contends that the Walpole ministry nearly succeeded in procuring a genuine commercial peace with Spain, and that the reasons for failure did not arise exclusively from domestic political clamour. Royal prestige and individual ministerial personalitites, in both countries, affected the outcome at least as much. The full explanation of a complex breakdown can only be found in a close attention to the chronology of negotiation. The thesis is therefore mainly chronological in form. In each chapter, though, an attempt is made to take up relevant themes and develop them with a less strict regard to chronology. Some issues, such as the role of monarchy, and of public opinion, the press campaign and Opposition tactics, the contribution of the South Sea Company, recur.
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Tomlinson, John William Bruce. „From parson to professional : the changing ministry of the Anglican clergy in Staffordshire, 1830-1960“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/154/.
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From 1830 to 1960 the parish ministry of the clergy of the Church of England underwent a transformation, which was expressed in the gradual abandonment of the parson model and the adoption of the professional model. Staffordshire provides a good case-study area because of its wide variety of urban and rural parishes where this development can be assessed. Amongst the many causes of the change, the population size of the parishes and the sources of clerical funding are considered to be crucially important. The evidence suggests that where parishes exceeded 2000 people and where the worshiping community became the main provider of financial support, the parson model was increasingly difficult to operate. Out of necessity, and sometimes subconsciously, the clergy developed a model with significant professional features, even though the parson model continued to be promoted as the ideal. There was a narrowing of the remit of the clergy and within their local communities they were less involved and less influential. If as a consequence the incarnational aspect of local ministry has been eroded then there are far reaching implications. This study shows how practical circumstances, such as those that relate to geography and economics, although not always recognised, have an important effect upon the practice and the theology of ministry.
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Chen, Zhimin. „Quality management in international fashion clothing supply chains between Great Britain and China“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410740.
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Tabet, Marie-Christine. „Household labour supply in Great Britain : can policy-makers rely on neoclassical models?“ Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2358/.
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This thesis empirically examines whether the neoclassical economic model provides an adequate framework to analyse a couple's labour supply behaviour in Britain using recent data from the British Household Panel Survey. The thesis comprises three empirical chapters. The first chapter uses the instrumental variable (IV) estimation procedure to model the hours of work of married couples. This approach allows us to test whether some of the assumptions of the neoclassical model (e.g., income pooling and Slutsky properties) are satisfied by the data. In addition, further variables that have been identified as distribution factors in the literature are introduced to the empirical model to assess whether they play a role in explaining a couple's hours of work. The first chapter only considers couples in which both spouses work. In the second chapter, the sample is amended to include all couples (i.e., those that work and those that do not) and the analysis conducted models a couple's labour market participation decisions rather than their hours of work. After testing for income pooling and the impact of distribution factors, a further variable, the wife's mother-in-law work status when the male spouse was aged 14, is introduced into the model. This is done to determine the effect of 'cultural' variables on labour market decisions. In the last chapter, this issue is explored further by explicitly modelling attitudes to a woman's role in the labour market. This approach uses a bivariate ordered probit model given the ordinal nature of responses to the attitudinal questions and again restricts the analysis to couples only. Finally, gender-role attitudes are introduced to the labour supply framework used in the second chapter in order to evaluate whether beliefs regarding women's role impact on a couple's labour market decisions.
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Westaway, Jonathan Howard. „Scottish influences upon the Reformed churches in north-west England, c. 1689-1829 : a study of the ministry within the Congregational and Presbyterian churches in Lancashire, Cumberland and Westmorland“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/61730/.
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This thesis examines developments within the ministry of the Congregational churches of the north-west of England in the period 1689-1829, with a number of aims in mind. In focusing on the role of Scottish-born and Scottish-trained ministers within these churches the attempt had been made to get away from the narrow national and denominational dogmas that have constrained our understanding of English Congregationalism. In line with recent historiographical attempts to produce historical explanations that recognise the inter-connectedness of the nations of the Union, this study attempts to assess the contribution of other national church traditions within one English region and to understand the development of British Evangelicalism amongst British Reformed churches, of which the Congregational Churches of Lancashire in the 1830s were such examples. After providing the historical background of the Protestant Dissenting churches of Lancashire, an attempt to quantify the number of churches within emerging church traditions in the eighteenth century will be made and to assess the survival of orthodox Reformed churchmanship. The argument followed here, in contradistinction to the vast majority of denominational historians, is that denominational theories are poor in explaining the survival of orthodox piety amongst Dissent and that the social and economic profile of congregations provides a far better explanation of the ecclesiology of these churches. Cumberland and Westmorland are examined and an understanding of the geographical spread of Dissent is attempted, noting particularly the survival of orthodox piety in the rural north of the region and in particular the dependence of the churches of Cumberland on Scottish ministers, without whom Protestant Dissent in that county would have disappeared. Finally an attempt is made to assess the contribution of Scottish-born and Scottish-trained ministers in the emergent Congregational tradition in Lancashire in the period 1770-1829. Throughout the study an attempt is made to test all assumptions concerning the ministry by utilising a database of biographical information on ministers within these churches and thus providing figures on nationality and training, attempting to see whether the Scottish cohort within the sample was statistically significant before moving on to more qualitative assessments of their influence.
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Wickramasinghe, Kremlin. „Quantifying the impact of policies addressing sustainable and healthy diets“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711872.
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Thomas, Denise. „Religious polemic, print culture and pastoral ministry : Thomas Hall B.D. (1610-1665) and the promotion of Presbyterian orthodoxy in the English Revolution“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2831/.
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Presbyterianism in the seventeenth century has often been seen as an alien and unpopular Scottish import, and its ministerial proponents as strident polemicists lacking a committed pastoral approach and doomed to failure in their struggle for further godly reformation. This thesis reappraises the development and articulation of orthodoxy and Presbyterianism through the experience of Thomas Hall, pastor and schoolmaster of Kings Norton, Worcestershire, a particularly rigid adherent of these views. It argues that Hall’s beliefs were home-grown responses to English religious and political changes in the 1630s, and explores their development and consolidation during the English Revolution. It also investigates ways he promoted his ideology through his pastoral ministry, his teaching, and his evangelical and polemical writings. Though militant against heresy, Hall’s willingness to engage with popular religious beliefs, to experiment with a variety of media and to present Calvinist ideals in a sympathetic and accessible manner, demonstrate a far more positive and flexible approach than historians have generally acknowledged. Much of the evidence centres on Hall’s unusually large and well-annotated library, and his own publications. This enables a detailed analysis of Hall’s reading practice and activities as a book-collector which were closely integrated with his polemical and religious priorities.
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Whiteman, Adrian. „The supply and demand for timber, recreation, and community forest outputs from forests in Great Britain“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21603.
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This thesis explores the factors affecting the supply of and demand for two major outputs of forests in Britain: timber and opportunities for recreation. It also examines the recreation and landscape benefits of a recent policy initiative to expand the area of forests around towns (the Community Forest Initiative). Much of the thesis discusses the construction of models of supply and demand for these outputs, and a range of future supply and demand scenarios that were produced from them. It also shows how the models were used to appraise forestry policy in the areas of timber production, forest recreation and community forestry. This was done first by assessing the relative importance of various aspects of policy in light of the results of these models; then future directions for policy were appraised using the forecasting capabilities available in some of the models. The results of the modelling exercise were also used to critically examine some of the previous assumptions underlying forestry policy, as part of this process.
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Borgomeo, Edoardo. „Climate change and water resources : risk-based approaches for decision-making“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a57a491f-96fb-4579-bd8a-ba7e86722dea.
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Water-resource managers are facing unprecedented challenges in accommodating the large uncertainties associated with climate change in their planning decisions. Integration of climate risk information is a pre-requisite for water resources planning under a changing climate, yet this information is often presented outside the decision-making context and in a way which is not relevant for the decision at hand. Furthermore, there is a lack of approaches that explicitly evaluate the impact of nonstationary climate change on decision-relevant metrics and variables. This thesis describes novel methods for incorporating uncertain information on climate change in water resources decision-making and estimating climate change-related risks in water resources systems. The main hypotheses of this thesis are that: (1) shifting away from planning approaches based on abstract supply-demand balance metrics towards risk-based approaches that quantify the frequency and severity of observable outcomes of concern to water users, such as water shortages, can help decision-makers establish preferences among actions and identify cost and climate risk reduction trade-offs (2) adopting risk-based planning methods allows water managers to characterize and account for different sources of uncertainty in the water planning process and to understand their impact on outcomes of value and decisions. To test these hypotheses, this thesis presents an analytic approach for (1) incorporating nonstationary climate change projections and other uncertain factors related to demand changes into water resources decision-making, (2) understanding trade-offs between benefits of climate risk-reduction and cost of climate change adaptation, and (3) characterizing water supply vulnerability to unprecedented drought conditions. The approach is applied to London's urban water supply system located in the Thames river basin, south-east of England. Results from this thesis demonstrate how a systematic characterization of uncertainties related to future hydro-climatic conditions can help decision-makers compare and choose between a range of possible water management options and decide upon the scale and timing of implementation that meet decision-makers' risk tolerability. Additionally, results show the benefits of combining climate information with vulnerability analysis to test decisions' robustness to unprecedented drought conditions. The application of the proposed methods to the London urban water supply system suggests that the risks of exceeding reliability targets in the future will increase if no further supply or demand side actions were to be taken. Results from the case study also show that changes in demand due to population growth could have greater impacts on water security than climate change and that small reductions in climate-related risk may come at significantly higher costs. It should be stressed that the results from the case study are based on a simplified representation of London's water supply system and that they should be further tested with the full system model employed by the water utility which implements more complex operational rules.
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Tate, Jonathan Graham. „Industry, technology and the political economy of empire : Lancashire industrialists and the cotton supply question, c.1850-1910“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228009.
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The role of nineteenth-century industrialists in British imperial expansion and governance has been debated for many years. Major recent interpretations, such as Peter Cain and Tony Hopkins's 'gentlemanly capitalism' and Gary Magee and Andrew Thompson's 'cultural economy', have conceived industrialists' involvement mostly in terms of promoting manufactured exports. Industrialists' reliance on imported raw materials has however been comparatively neglected. Using the case of study of raw cotton, nineteenth-century Britain's most valuable industrial commodity import, this thesis revises how we understand the contribution Lancashire industrialists made to the formation of imperial policy. Analysing examples from the formal and informal empire in India, Egypt, and sub-Saharan Africa, it shows that interactions between technology, business lobbying, and ideas of political economy fostered cotton-growing schemes. Fluctuations in the quantity and, significantly, the quality of cotton supplies fostered interest in reforming or creating new supply chains, promoting the formation of business associations, pre-eminently the Cotton Supply Association and the British Cotton Growing Association. These associations lobbied governments to make supply chains more suited to Lancashire technological systems, and led to the promotion of standardised cotton types through the export of European knowledge and skills, the erection of processing machinery and transportation systems, and the regulation of colonial labour. The main argument is that if the focus is shifted to supplies rather than markets, industrialists, directly and indirectly, were often important influences on imperial governance and overseas economic change. While fiscal and financial considerations often provided the framework for government-backed cotton-growing schemes, because cotton was a complex commodity officials had to implement industrialists' advice to create supply chains that would serve these ends. By providing fresh insights for understanding the relationship between supply chains, business mobilisation, and European imperialism, this thesis lays the foundations for further much-needed work on the 'supply-side' economics of global empires.
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Thornhill, Paula Georgia. „Catalyst for coalition : the Anglo-American supply relationship, 1939-1941“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e66ee069-43c1-423b-8d54-d883c8ff4040.
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This thesis explores the Anglo-American supply relationship, 1939-1941, and the ability of these two nations to wage a coalition war immediately after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Organisationally, the first chapters of the thesis look at the impact of the Great War and the interwar period on this relationship. The remaining chapters are devoted to the evolution of the supply relationship between September 1939 and December 1941. The evidence found in British and American archives indicates that early supply discussions, conducted under the supervision of Arthur Purvis and Henry Morgenthau, established a common ground for Anglo-American co-operation during the early days of the Second World War. The fall of France prompted the British Government to seek much closer ties with the United States. However, in mid-1940 many senior US officials insisted that America should concentrate on its own defence against the Nazi threat because of the likelihood of Britain's defeat. By the end of 1940, the American defence planners were more confident of Britain's ability to survive, and therefore they were willing to consider the creation of Anglo-American defence plans. At the same time President Roosevelt requested Congressional approval for the Lend-Lease Act, to ensure the British Government could still acquire US war supplies even if it lacked the dollars to pay for them. Because of the inability of US industry to produce adequate war materiel for the British effort and American rearmament, representatives from the two countries were forced to work closely together to determine production and allocation priorities. Moreover, since these decisions influenced the fighting capability of British and American forces, war planners rather than civilians officials began to make these supply decisions. Subsequently, British and American officials determined that their efforts should be based on a joint strategy. Ultimately this realisation inspired the creation of the Victory Programme, which effectively acknowledged that supply needs, strategic considerations, and an overall commitment to defeat Germany and its allies were indistinguishable. Thus the supply relationship, 1939-1941, provided the foundation for the Anglo-American wartime coalition against Hitler.
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Stone, Jamie. „Development of a framework for enhancing resilience in the UK food and drink manufacturing sector“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33501.
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This thesis presents research undertaken to understand and enhance resilience in the UK Food and Drink Manufacturing Sector. It focuses on the development of a conceptual framework which establishes how specific vulnerabilities link to individual mitigation strategies available to the sector and the impact of such strategies on wider sustainability. The research in this thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part consists of three complementary review chapters exploring resilience as a theoretical concept, resilience in the UK Food and Drink Manufacturing sector and existing methods used to study and/or enhance resilience. The second part of the thesis begins by describing how the pragmatic philosophy and abductive stance underpinning the research, in combination with review findings, helped to determine the research techniques used in this work, which included the systematic review process and the mixed methods case study. Next, the research facilitating a novel conceptual framework describing how real-time vulnerabilities can be identified and mitigated in a way that is complimentary to the wider sustainability of the organisation is discussed. The third part of the thesis describes the practical set of tools, presented in the form of a workbook, which enable a Food and Drink Manufacturer to utilise the conceptual framework teachings to enhance their own resilience. The final section details key conclusions regarding the conceptual nature and practical enhancement of resilience for Food and Drink Manufacturers and the wider food system, as well as opportunities for future work. The conceptual integrity and practical usefulness of the conceptual framework and its derivative workbook toolset have been demonstrated through case studies with two UK Food and Drink Manufacturers. Results suggest two major benefits of the framework are the ability to identify an organisation's vulnerabilities based on actual mapping of their supply network and the ability to evaluate mitigating resilience strategies based on their broader impacts elsewhere within the organisation. In summary, the research reported in this thesis has concluded that resilience cannot be seen as a one-off solution for returning to how things were before disruption, but instead is a constant process of learning and adaptation in response to a company's ever-changing operating environments. The framework and workbook presented provide a novel and practical method for UK Food and Drink Manufacturers, of all sizes and production ranges, to identify and respond to their evolving vulnerabilities, as well as providing much needed synthesis and directions for future work at an academic level.
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Race, Christopher. „A reconsideration of identity through death and bereavement and consequent pastoral implications for Christian ministry“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3762/.
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This work seeks to examine traditional Christian doctrines regarding life after death, from a pastoral perspective. The study explores new ways of interpreting the meaning in human identity, dis-innocence and forgiven-ness specifically as relating to the continuing evolution of Humankind, and offers a description of humankind as Homo sanctus. The thesis is built around three individual selected case examples of death and dying together with a constructed narrative of ‘problem dying’, and a group of five persons in a Fellowship of the Dying; it describes the development and praxis of new approaches to ministry in these areas. A number of new terms are introduced to better convey the substance of meanings. The study itself may be considered as offering significant new insight in two respects: 1. It engages with the idea that bio-death has teleological meaning within the evolution of Personhood in resurrection. 2. It offers the experiences of Christian pastoral ministry pro-actively engaging with dying as a pilgrimage into and through bio-death, in which every member of the immediate community of faith is pro-active in pilgrimage with the dying Person. The study draws on extensive cross-cultural and multi-faith experience in Britain and Africa.
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Miller, Christopher William. „Planning and profits : the political economy of private naval armaments manufacture and supply organisation in Britain, 1918-41“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6976/.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the private naval armaments industry, businessmen and the British Government’s supply planning framework between 1918 and 1941. More specifically, it reassesses the concept of the Military-Industrial Complex by examining the impact of disarmament upon private industry, the role of leading industrialists within supply and procurement policy, and the successes and failings of the Government’s supply organisation. This work blends together political, naval and business history in new ways, and, by situating the business activities of industrialists alongside their work as government advisors, it sheds new light on the operation of the British state. This thesis argues that there was a small coterie of influential businessmen, led by Lord Weir, who, in a time of great need for Britain, first gained access to secret information on industrial mobilisation as advisers to the Supply Board and Principal Supply Officers Committee (PSOC), and later were able to directly influence policy. This made Lord Weir and Sir James Lithgow among the most influential industrial figures in Britain. This was a relationship which cut both ways: Weir and others provided the state with honest, thoughtful advice and policies, but, as ‘insiders’ utilised their access to information to build a business empire at a fraction of the normal costs. Outsiders, by way of contrast, lacked influence and were forced together into a defensive ‘ring’ – or cartel – and effectively fixed prices for British warships in the lean 1920s. However, by the 1930s, the cartel grew into one of the most sophisticated profiteering groups of its day, before being shut down by the Admiralty in 1941. More generally, this work argues that the Japanese invasion of Manchuria was a turning point for supply organisation, and that between 1931 and 1935, the PSOC and its component bodies were governed by necessity. Powerful constraints on finance and political manoeuvre explain the nature of industrial involvement. Thus, it is argued that the PSOC did a broadly effective job at organising industry with the tools it was given, and the failings were down to the top levels of policymaking – the Cabinet – not acting upon advice to ease procurement bottlenecks early enough, to the extent that British warship construction was more expensive and slower than it could have been. In sum, this group of industrialists, the Admiralty and a few key figures in the PSOC such as Sir Harold Brown, effectively saved MacDonald, Baldwin and Chamberlain’s National Government from itself.
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Barton, Graham J. „The rôle of supply-chains in the development of cross-channel exchange in the Romano-British period“. Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2015. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3870/.
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This thesis explores the early phases of marketing activity in Britain by investigating the supply-chains through which imports arrived during the Roman period. The study adopts a cross-disciplinary approach which draws on archaeological evidence, as few written records survive from this era. The investigation commences with a review of the structure of the Roman economy, after which the characteristic features of a traditional supply-chain are presented and the rôles and relationships of its key members examined. The empirical evidence relating to cross-channel exchange in the Romano-British period (c. 120 BC-AD 410) is reviewed by means of four product-based case studies; two of which relate to amphorae-borne commodities (olive-oil and wine) and two involve types of ceramic pottery (samian ware and Rhenish-beakers). The contribution of this thesis is to combine methodologies from apparently disparate fields such as archaeology and marketing to enable new questions to be asked of existing data to enhance understanding in each discipline. In addition to using archaeological evidence to trace the evolution of marketing practices in the Romano-British period, the reciprocal aim of the study was to explore ways in which archaeologists may be able to utilize economic and marketing models to offer new insights into their own subject area. Supply-chain analysis forms the central focus of this thesis. Its main insight is to recognize that through their contacts with clients in both Britain and Gaul, Romano-British and Gallo-Roman merchants must inevitably have gained asymmetric knowledge of market conditions in each location, thus enabling them through their choice of cargoes to control the vital ‘choke-point’ of the channel-crossing. In addition to the principal theme of supply-chain analysis, the inclusion of economic and marketing models such as industrial location criteria (Weber, 1929; Ohlin, 1933) and product-cycle analysis (Vernon, 1966; Wells, 1968) all represent new applications of business theories to the archaeological domain and add to the uniqueness of this research.
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Thin, Jeremy. „The Pre-History of Royal Air Force Area Bombing, 1917-1942“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1740.
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This thesis charts the development of area bombing in British theory and practice before its formal adoption in the Second World War, and seeks to discover where its earliest origins can be located. Area bombing was the official policy of Royal Air Force Bomber Command between 1942 and 1945 in its strategic air offensive against Germany, and involved the bombing of industrial cities with the purpose of breaking down civilian morale and disrupting the German war economy. Most historical accounts present area bombing as a gradual development in bombing policy during 1940 and 1941, forced by a lack of success in destroying precise industrial targets from the air. This was the Air Force’s stated policy during the previous two decades, but it proved impossible to implement under wartime conditions. Area bombing was thus gradually adopted by progressively broadening the definition of targets from individual installations to entire towns and cities. This thesis rejects the traditional view, arguing instead that area bombing was at the heart of British bombing policy as early as the First World War. The legacy of this saw an ‘area bombing mentality’ cemented in the strategy of the Royal Air Force during the interwar period. As it was not possible to openly advocate the bombing of civilians during the 1920s and 1930s, this was shrouded in ambiguous language and kept hidden. However, the roots of area bombing come to the surface several times between the wars, and the speed with which area bombing was adopted in 1940 and 1941 shows that they were never deeply buried. While many historians have uncovered individual details that collectively support this contention, none have traced the development of this thought across the period 1917-42. Using a selection of contemporary documents and a thorough review of the secondary literature, this work shows that far from being an improvisation forced by necessity, the adoption of area bombing was unsurprising and can be traced back to 1917.
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Cui, Cathy Xin. „The UK electricity market : its evolution, wholesale prices and challenge of wind energy“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3041.
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This thesis addresses the problems associated with security of the electricity supply in the UK. The British electricity supply industry has experienced a significant structural change. Competition has been brought into the electricity industry and a single wholesale electricity market of Great Britain has been established. The evolution of the British electricity market raises new challenges, such as improving the liquidity of wholesale markets and developing clean energy. The wholesale electricity prices are less transparent and trading arrangements are very complex in the British electricity market. In this thesis a fundamental model, called a stack model, has been developed in order to forecast wholesale electricity prices. The objective of the stack model is to identify the marginal cost of power output based on the fuel prices, carbon prices, and availability of power plants. The stack model provides a reasonable marginal cost curve for the industry which can be used as an indicator for the wholesale electricity price. In addition, the government's targets for climate change and renewable energy bring new opportunities for wind energy. Under the large wind energy penetration scenario the security of the energy supply will be essential. We have modelled the correlations between wind speed data for a set of wind farms. The correlation can be used to measure the portfolio risk of the wind farms. Electricity companies should build their portfolio of wind farms with low or negative correlations in order to hedge the risk from the intermittency of wind. We found that the VAR(1) model is superior to other statistic models for modelling correlations between wind speeds of a wind farm portfolio.
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Johnson, Mark. „Seditious theology : imaginative re-identification, punk and the ministry of Jesus“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2038.
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The following thesis investigates the British punk movement of the mid-late seventies and suggests that, by performing acts of imaginative re-identification, we may gain greater insights into both the phenomenon of punk and aspects of Jesus’ life, ministry, and teaching despite their axiomatic and sometimes problematic differences. To do this we explore the power of the sartorial creations that the movement adopted and the way in which they conveyed an oppositional protest message and stance. We explore punk graphics and the way in which they could offer a targeted critique of the nation. We look at punk performances and how they confrontationally engaged with their audiences and what they wanted to elicit in return. We reflect on women in punk, punk in Northern Ireland and the relationship between punk and the black community and the degree to which punk exhibited a counter-cultural attitude to relationships. Concluding our look at punk we investigate how society, the authorities and commerce reacted to the movement, before investigating punk as a trans-historical essence. Having explored punk and established imaginative connections we then revisit aspects of Jesus’ life and consider him as a subversive who negated some of the national symbols of Israel, collided with Jewish national authority and reversed many of the nation’s perspectives. We look at the more confrontational nature of Jesus, his use of symbolic physical statements and his interaction with women, teaching on enemies and the way he related to the outcast. We then conclude by showing the degree to which the present-day church has been absorbed into the surrounding culture and explore two instances in post-war theology where there has been a recovery of the more seditious pattern within Jesus’ life before seeing whether there is anything that the church may learn from imaginatively identifying with punk.
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Dale, Paul. „Technical change and electricity generation and supply in Great Britain 1960-1980 : with special reference to the evaluation of schemes for the combined production of electricity and heat“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312152.
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Streer, Jan. „Die Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie im englischen Recht durch die Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002 /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/523584539.pdf.
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Rážková, Michaela. „Komparace využití neoliberálních koncepcí v hospodářské politice Margaret Thatcherové a Ronalda Reagana“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264393.
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The aim of this work is to answer questions of effectiveness in controlling inflation, changes in unemployment rate, reduce government spendings, deregulation and decentralization in both countries, confirm or refute theoretical assumptions of Laffer´s curve on the example of consequence of tax cuts in United States of America, privatization and the implications of the fight with the unions in Great Britain and the overall effect of the implementation of neoliberal concepts in both countries. This work compares the implementation and impact of neoliberal concepts of economic policy in the UK and in the United States and it provides insight into the effectiveness of the chosen means.
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Grosclaude, Jérôme. „La question des ministères dans les relations entre l'église d'Angleterre et les méthodistes [1791-1979]“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030049.
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Si l’on porte un regard d’ensemble sur les pratiques par lesquelles, dès leur naissance en 1738, les méthodistes se démarquaient de l’orthodoxie de leur « Eglise-mère », l’Eglise d’Angleterre, il est possible d’identifier une base commune, qui serait une conception différente des ministères. C’est en effet, sur cette question que se cristallisèrent les divergences entre les disciples de John Wesley d’une part, et l’Eglise d’Angleterre d’autre part. Le père du méthodisme considérait en effet que prêtres et évêques étaient du même ordre presbytéral et que, en conséquence, ils avaient les mêmes pouvoirs, et notamment celui d’ordonner. Les méthodistes se distinguaient également des anglicans par leur conception du ministère de la Parole, puisqu’ils estimaient que Dieu pouvait désigner des laïcs pour prêcher l’Evangile. C’est donc à la question des ministères que l’on peut,en fin de compte, rattacher toutes les divergences qui se firent jour entre méthodisme et anglicanisme. Ces divergences se prolongèrent après la mort de John Wesley en 1791. Tout au long du XIXe siècle, les deux Eglises s’éloignèrent de plus en plus l’une de l’autre en raison du désaccord qui existait quant à la validité du ministère méthodiste qui ne s’inscrivait pas dans la succession apostolique. Il fallut attendre les années 1950-1960 pour que l’idée d’une fusion du méthodisme britannique et de l’Eglise d’Angleterre au sein d’une même Eglise épiscopalienne germe au plus haut niveau, avant d’échouer définitivement en 1972 devant le refus de l’Assemblée de l’Eglise puis du Synode général de l’avaliserIf we cast a global look on the practices through which, from the beginning of the movement in 1738, the Methodists deviated from Church of England’s (their « mother-Church »’s) orthodoxy, we can identify a common factor: a different conception of the ministries. It is on this single question that John Wesley and his disciples fundamentally diverged from the Church of England’s principles, since the father of Methodism considered that priests and bishops formed essentially a single “presbyter” order and consequentially had the same powers, including that of ordination. The Methodists also had a different conception of the Ministry of the Word, since they considered that God could call lay people to preach the Gospel. All the differences that arose between Methodism and the Church of England can then be traced to the question of the ministries. These differences continued after the death of John Wesley in 1791. Throughout the XIXt! h century, the two denominations grew further apart because of their disagreement concerning apostolic succession. In the 1950s and 1960s, however, the reunion of British Methodism and the Church of England in a single Episcopalian confession was contemplated but finally abandoned in 1972 because of the refusal of the Church of England’s Church Assembly and then of its General Synod to approve this union
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Dheeriya, P. L. (Prakash Lachmandas). „A Comparison of Money Demand in Four Industrialized Countries Using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330950/.
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In this study, the possibility that money demand of one country might be affected by macroeconomic activities of other countries is investigated. We use the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) technique, which takes into account all covariances between residuals of country-specific money demand equations. Efficiency of estimates using the SUR technique is enhanced because it uses information contained in the contemporaneous correlation of the error terms. The hypothesis of economic interdependence is tested. A proxy for foreign influence, deviation from interest rate parity (DIRP), is tested for significance in the money demand function.
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Polák, Jiří. „Citlivostní analýza nákladů na výpadky plynoucí z nedodržení zákaznických standardů nepřetržitosti dodávky“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218536.
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The goal of the thesis is to describe the approaches used for the regulation of the continuous supply of electric power in the selected countries of European Union and to determine the power outages costs in the specific distribution network, resulting from non-observance of the customer standards used in Great Britain, Sweden and Finland. The costs have been calculated for the entire network, as well as for the individual outputs. The thesis carries out the sensitivity analysis of the power outages costs, resulting from the breaching the supply restoration standards and the multiple interruptions standard used in the Great Britain. The costs of the individual limits are shown in the tables and the graphs. The comparison of the individual outputs according to the height of the penalty costs have been carried out on the selected set of limits. The comparison of the order of the individual outputs is then carried out for the customer standards used in Great Britain, Sweden and Finland.
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Banzetová, Diana. „Způsoby ocenění nemovitostí ve Velké Británii se zaměřením na rodinné domy“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233088.
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This thesis deals with residential real estate market in the Great Britain and its development. The thesis describes all evalution methods used in the Great Britain, it also describes the current state of the property market, expert work and in the end are described in detail the methods used for the valuation of the house. In thesis attachment is an exemplar of the evalution report for a house in the Great Britain according to the standards and the methodologies used by the evaluation experts in the United Kingdom.
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MCMULLIN, Patricia. „Onwards or upwards? : pathways and persistent inequality in the United Kingdom's comprehensive education system“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/41507.
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Defence date: 23 May 2016Examining Board: Professor Hans-Peter Blossfeld, European University Institute; Professor Fabrizio Bernardi, European University Institute; Professor Angela M. O'Rand, Duke University; Professor Cristina Iannelli, The University of Edinburgh
The UK's comparatively open and flexible education system provides more options for individuals from less advantaged backgrounds to participate, and has a high uptake of tertiary and adult education. However, individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds remain proportionately under-represented at the highest levels of post-compulsory education. The complex relationship between expansion, the diversification of educational systems and freedom of choice in modern liberal societies means that the background from which students are drawn remains highly relevant to their progression. Multiple options and qualitative differences between courses and institutions puts the onus on students and parents to make correct career decisions - if students from lower socio-economic backgrounds are found more often in less prestigious educational pathways, then prestigious higher level institutions are likely to remain exclusive. The major contribution of my dissertation is the development of an overview of UK educational and labour market pathway formation and its influence on individuals' educational trajectories and social positions. More specifically, I expand on Kerckhoff's (1993) work on "Diverging Pathways: Social Structure and Career Deflections", taking into account changes since the introduction of the comprehensive system, gender differences and adult education. I further the distinction between a pathway and a trajectory in life-course research and elaborate on the debated question of "persistent inequality", taking the theoretical perspective of "effectively maintained inequality" (Lucas 2001) into account. Finally, I consider the role of interactions between different types of inequality (cumulatingdimensions). This thesis finds that students from more educated backgrounds are more likely to choose academic subjects and pathways early, which influences their performance and further progression opportunities. It also finds that men and women differ regarding educational pathways, that vertical gender inequalities and horizontal gender differences at first labour market entry have remained relatively stable over the latter half of the 20th century. And finally, that adult education and learning is subject to a "Matthew effect" (Merton 1968).
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ADDABBO, Tindara. „A dynamic model of married women's labour supply with an application to Great Britain and Germany“. Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4864.
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Defence date: 30 November 1992Examining Board: Prof. Richard Blundell (University College London, co-supervisor) ; Prof. Ugo Colombino (Università di Torino) ; Prof. François Laisney (Universität Mannheim) ; Prof. John Micklewright (E.U.I., supervisor) ; Prof. Nicola Rossi (Università di Venezia)
First made available online on 1 February 2017.
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Ingleton, C., S. Payne, Anita R. Sargeant und J. Seymour. „Barriers to achieving care at home at the end of life: transferring patients between care settings using patient transport services“. 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6872.
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Enabling patients to be cared for in their preferred location often involves journeys between care settings. The challenge of ensuring journeys are timely and safe emerged as an important issue in an evaluation of palliative care services, which informed a service redesign programme in three areas of the United Kingdom by the Marie Curie Cancer Care 'Delivering Choice Programme'. This article explores perceptions of service users and key stakeholders of palliative care services about problems encountered in journeys between care settings during end-of-life care. This article draws on data from interviews with stakeholders (n = 44), patients (n = 16), carers (n = 19) and bereaved carers (n = 20); and focus groups (n = 9) with specialist nurses. Data were gathered in three areas of the United Kingdom. Data were analysed using a framework approach. Transport problems between care settings emerged as a key theme. Four particular problems were identified: (1) urgent need for transport due to patients' rapidly changing condition; (2) limited time to organise transfers; (3) the management of specialist equipment and (4) the need to clarify the resuscitation status of patients. Partnership working between Ambulance Services and secondary care is required to develop joint protocols of care to ensure timely and safe transportation between care settings of patients, who are near their end of life. Commissioning of services should be responsive to the complexities of patients' needs and those of their families.