Zeitschriftenartikel: „Great britain - espionage“

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Holman, Brett. „The Phantom Airship Panic of 1913: Imagining Aerial Warfare in Britain before the Great War“. Journal of British Studies 55, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2015.173.

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AbstractIn late 1912 and early 1913, people all over Britain reported seeing airships in the night sky, yet there were none. It was widely assumed that these “phantom airships” were German Zeppelins, testing British defenses in preparation for the next war. The public and press responses to the phantom airship sightings provide a glimpse of the way that aerial warfare was understood before it was ever experienced in Britain. Conservative newspapers and patriotic leagues used the sightings to argue for a massive expansion of Britain's aerial forces, which were perceived to be completely outclassed by Germany's in both number and power. In many ways this airship panic was analogous to the much better known 1909 dreadnought panic. The result was the perfect Edwardian panic: the simultaneous culmination of older fears about Germany and the threat of espionage, invasion, and, above all, the loss of Britain's naval superiority. But, in reality, there was little understanding about the way that Zeppelins would be used against Britain in the First World War—not to attack its arsenals and dockyards, but to bomb its cities.

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WRÓBLEWSKA, Angelika. „SELECTED ADVANCED CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS“. Cybersecurity & Cybercrime 1, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8016.

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The article presents examples of highly advanced cyber espionage operations aimed atthe structures of states and non-state entities with high impact on the economic activity.The attacks took place between 2003 and 2017. The article presents the steps ofOperation Titan Rain and Operation Gh0stNet and also one of the longest espionageoperations revealed to the public, which is Operation The Night Dragon. Anotheroperation is a series of cyber attacks identified by McAfee - Operation Shady RAT. Theyears 2009-2010 belong to Operation Aurora, whose victims were dozens oforganizations, including Google. One of the described attacks is Operation Nitro,targeting entities mostly located in the United States, Bangladesh and Great Britain. Thecourse of Project Raven was based on a Reuters investigation. The spy campaigntargeting various victims around the world, monitored by a team of BlackBerryResearch and Intelligence specialists, was named as CostaRicto.

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HILEY, NICHOLAS. „Counter-espionage and security in Great Britain during the First World War“. English Historical Review CI, Nr. CCCC (1986): 635–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ci.cccc.635.

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MADEIRA, VICTOR. „MOSCOW'S INTERWAR INFILTRATION OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE, 1919–1929“. Historical Journal 46, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2003): 915–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003352.

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The celebrated ‘Cambridge five’ have hitherto been believed to be the first long-term communist penetration agents in HM government, beginning with Donald Maclean in 1935. However, new research indicates that by 1919 another Cambridge man – like four of the ‘five’, a Trinity graduate – had already begun working for Moscow. This article is the first to examine how William Norman Ewer, known as ‘Trilby’ to his co-conspirators, organized networks in Great Britain and France to target the governments of those two powers. Under close Soviet supervision, Ewer's subordinates infiltrated half-a-dozen Whitehall departments, foremost among them Scotland Yard. Operating under the aegis of the home office, the Yard was a vital cog in the machinery of government set up to combat the ‘red menace’ in this country immediately after the First World War. By compromising the lead agency tasked with fighting them, the Bolsheviks thus created the requisite conditions for the metastasis in Great Britain of Soviet espionage in the 1920s.

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Totten, Robbie. „National Security and U.S. Immigration Policy, 1776–1790“. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 39, Nr. 1 (Juli 2008): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2008.39.1.37.

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An examination of U.S. immigration policy during the early Republic from a security perspective—a common analytical focus within the field of international relations—reveals the inadequacy of traditional economic and ideological interpretations. Security concerns, based on actual threats from Great Britain and Spain, permeated the arguments both for and against immigration. Those in favor of immigration hoped to strengthen the nation, primarily by providing soldiers and money for the military; those opposed to immigration feared that it would compromise national security by causing domestic unrest and exposing the new nation to espionage and terrorism. These issues are not unlike those that beset contemporary policymakers.

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Manchester, Margaret Murányi. „The Corporate Dimension of the Cold War in Hungary: ITT and the Vogeler/Sanders Case Reconsidered“. Journal of Cold War Studies 23, Nr. 2 (2021): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00983.

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Abstract In 1949, two executives at the Hungarian subsidiary of the U.S. conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), Robert Vogeler of the United States and Edgar Sanders of Great Britain, along with five Hungarian nationals, were arrested, tortured, given peremptory trials, and imprisoned for espionage and economic sabotage. This article reexamines the case in light of the diplomatic efforts to secure their release. The case needs to be understood in the context of U.S. intelligence agencies’ policies during the early Cold War. Numerous organizations that were not necessarily well coordinated embarked on intelligence-gathering and a variety of covert operations, some of which were undertaken with the cooperation of multinational corporations such as ITT. Vogeler and Sanders were indeed guilty of many of the charges leveled against them, and their ordeal was significant because it revealed the ineffectiveness of Cold War policies to influence behavior behind the Iron Curtain during the Stalin era.

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Faustino, Paulo. „Foreword - The iron curtain, geopolitics and the cultural exception“. Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies 8 (2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56140/jocis-v8-1.

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As I write this editorial, the war going on the air space and on the field and over communication (invasion or the special military intervention, in the words of the Russian government in Ukraine by Russia continues. A situation that would be unthinkable to happen in the 21st century where humanist values seem to follow a path of increasing strength; at least in most continents, although the democratic political system is largely a minority in the world; dictatorships or autocracies are dominating the political landscape, especially in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. We must not forget this! I believe that even analysts and experts in international relations, including the ones in the countries with sophisticated espionage systems like USA or Great Britain, would be far from predicting a conflict of this intensity and negative impact on humanity: more than three million refugees and thousands of deaths (both amongst military and civilians) in both countries.

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Labutina, Tatyana. „British Intelligence Ambassadors at the Court of Anna Ioannovna“. Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, Nr. 3 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020235-6.

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In the first third of the eighteenth century, relations between Russia and Britain remained strained. Although Russia, under Empress Anna Ioannovna (1730–1740), welcomed Britain, restoring the diplomatic relations it had severed under Peter I and concluding a trade treaty favourable to the British in 1734, official London continued to pursue a policy far from friendly towards the Russian Empire. The intelligence activities of the British official diplomats at the Imperial Court were a vivid illustration of this. King George II of Great Britain, when he sent his ambassadors to their destination, urged them to gather information on everything they would see in Russia. He specifically listed those the diplomats were to focus on: the Russian Empress, her ministers and other high-ranking officials, as well as courtiers and favourites. The British authorities were particularly interested in the state of the nation's armed forces. On their return home, the ambassadors were expected to give a detailed account of everything they had seen and heard at Court. Drawing on an analysis of the ambassadors' diplomatic correspondence with the British Secretary of State, as well as some of their essays, the author examines the problem of British ambassadors' intelligence activities at the court of Anna Ioannovna. As it turns out, the ambassadors collected information on the high-ranking dignitaries close to the Tsarina, their predilections and weaknesses; on the alignment of political powers at court, as well as on the state of the army and navy. Attention is drawn to the fact that the informants of diplomats were often not only Britons in Russian service, but more often high-ranking officials themselves, ready to defend British interests for the sake of monetary rewards or gifts. Few of them realised that by revealing secret information to British ambassadors, they were committing a high crime and harming their homeland. The history of British espionage in Russia in the first third of the eighteenth century, which has not previously been the subject of a special study in historical scholarship, reveals the real purpose of British diplomacy, namely to study the potential enemy, as it viewed the Russian Empire at that time.

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Custură, Ştefania Maria. „Ion Valjan: With the Voice of Time. The Hypostasis of a Romanian Belle Epoque“. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 6, Nr. 1 (01.12.2014): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0003.

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Abstract Ion Valjan is the literary pseudonym of Ion Al. Vasilescu (1881-1960), famous lawyer, playwright, writer of memoirs, publicist and politician. Dramatic author in the line of Caragiale, he was the manager of The National Theatre in Bucharest between 1923 and 1924, and general manager of theatres between 1923 and 1926. He wrote drama, he collaborated with Sburătorul, Vremea, Rampa, being appreciated by the exigent literary critique of the inter-war period. After the war, in 1950, he was involved in a political trial, accused of high treason, espionage for Great Britain, and got sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, where he died. Valjan is the author of the only theatrical show, played in a communist prison, Revista Piteşti 59. Ion Valjan’s memoirs, With the Voice of Time. Memories, written during the Second World War, represent a turn back in time, into the age of the author’s childhood and adolescence, giving the contemporary reader the chance to travel in time and space, the end of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the past century projecting an authentic image, in the Romanian version of a Belle Epoque, interesting and extremely prolific for the Romanian cultural life. Also, evoking his childhood years spent in cities by the Danube (Călăraşi, Brăila, Turnu-Severin), Valjan unveils the harmonious meeting of different peoples and their mentalities, which transform the Danube Plain into an interethnic space of unique value.

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Żurawski, Damian. „Implementation of intelligence and diplomatic tasks by the military attache office of the legation of the republic of poland in berlin in 1928-1932“. Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 189, Nr. 4 (01.10.2018): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0724.

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The article presents the origins and functioning of the Military Attaché Office in Berlin in the years 1928-1932 led by Lieutenant Colonel Witold Dzierżykraj-Morawski, who carried out the intelligence activities under the guise of a military diplomat. Within the scope of his operational activities, Lieutenant Colonel Morawski established contacts with other military attachés and gathered and transmitted information on the country of residence in order to identify its military potential as well as internal and external political situation in the Weimar Republic. In his work, Lieutenant Colonel Morawski did not conduct intelligence activity of a purely operational nature, however, he managed to obtain a wide range of contacts for intelligence work, in which he used the meetings with military attachés of foreign countries, people from various circles from German pacifists and the Union of Poles in Germany as well as the environments related to the armaments industry. From 1929 to 1932 he expanded his activity to include open sources, i.e. the official press and announcements of the Ministry of the Reichswehr that gave him knowledge about the dates of the next maneuvers and detailed information about their course, which he received in a wider range from Japanese or Spanish military attachés. Moreover, he obtained information about the cooperation between Germany and the USSR, which was to serve to devalue contacts between the military attaché of Great Britain and the German military authorities. One of such information was obtained in 1931 from the military attaché of Sweden through the Finnish military attaché office. In spite of quite secretive action, in November 1931 he was accused of espionage and was expelled in March 1932. He also gave a lecture at the Center for Higher Military Studies in Warsaw (February 1932) where he presented the possible directions of attack of the German Army and the entire doctrine of combat activity of the Reichswehr.

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Chernysh, R. „INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE SPHERE ENSURING CYBER SECURITY“. Herald of criminal justice, Nr. 3-4 (2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2021.3-4/112-121.

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The article states that in recent years global cyberspace has been more objectively assessed by the world community as one of the most important security priorities, as its functioning is a significant factor in the development of the economy, military, social, security and other sectors. The threat of hacking Internet systems with criminal intent or in the interests of special services of foreign countries is on the same level as terrorism, espionage and the use of weapons of mass destruction. Taking into account the insufficient experience of counteracting the specified negative phenomena by special entities, the help of foreign partners and the use of their diverse efforts in this direction is considered relevant. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the article is to analyze the organizational activities of certain special entities of foreign states in the field of cyber security. It is claimed that special services of the Russian Federation are purposefully carrying out cyber attack campaigns in the USA and EU countries. These challenges led to the formation of the socalled cyber troops Analyzing open sources of information, we can come to the conclusion that at the official level their existence is recognized only in a part of the countries in the world (USA, Iraq, Great Britain, Russian Federation, etc.), but in reality they function in almost every developed state. It is noted that currently Ukraine organizes cooperation with international partners on a systematic basis, and one of the priority steps should be the development of national legislation taking into account the provisions of the updated strategy of the European Union in the field of cyber security in the conditions of digital modernization for the coming years. One of the primary tasks in the specified area is also the formation of an effective mechanism for ensuring the security of the information space, taking into account the relevant best international experience. To a large extent, this concerns our country in view of European integration hopes, the need to implement effective mechanisms for the development of the economy, modern information technologies, etc., and the country’s stay in a state of «undeclared war» on the part of the Russian Federation.

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Purdon, James. „Rose Macaulay and Propaganda“. Modernist Cultures 16, Nr. 4 (November 2021): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2021.0347.

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The novelist Rose Macaulay (1881–1958) had direct professional experience of Britain's secret propaganda operation during the First World War. She was among the first British novelists to take propaganda seriously as a subject for fiction, and wrote insightfully about its methods and its social implications. Moreover, her long career illuminates both the continuity and the development of the British state's clandestine efforts to shape public opinion at home and abroad, from the beginnings of systematic, state-directed propaganda in the First World War to the more diffuse strategies of early Cold War anti-communism. Despite her close connections to propaganda in both world wars, however – and notwithstanding the interest her fiction very frequently takes in the worlds of official information, disinformation, and espionage – Macaulay has hardly figured in recent scholarship on the links between literature and national information systems. This article argues that Macaulay approached the challenge of reconciling propaganda and literature differently from many of her modernist contemporaries, refusing to abandon the idea of fiction as a persuasive and socially-engaged form of imaginative writing. If this position made her an outlier in the climate of reaction against propaganda which followed the First World War, it would, by the early years of the Cold War, seem much more tenable. In its first half, the article establishes Macaulay's bona fides as a participant in Britain's wartime propaganda establishment, and describes the impression this experience left on her early fiction. It then turns to Macaulay's final novel, The Towers of Trebizond, in which religious propaganda and anti-communist rhetoric combine, to great comic effect, in the febrile atmosphere of the Cold War middle east.

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Watson, David, Keith Jenkins, Peter Clark, Babara Yorke, Philip Cardew, D. R. Woolf, Stevie Simkin et al. „Reviews: Twilight of the Literary: Figures of Thought in the Age of Print, the History and Narrative Reader, Mapping Lives: The Uses of Biography, Textual Histories: Readings in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Tools of Literacy: The Role of Skaldic Verse in Icelandic Textual Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England, Beyond, a Companion to Milton, the Writing of Royalism, 1628–1660, the Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories, Heroes and States: On the Ideology of Restoration Tragedy, Distant Fields: Eighteenth-Century Fictions of Wales, the other Enlightenment: How French Women Became Modern, a Frenchman's Year in Suffolk, 1784, the Great Exhibition of 1851: New Interdisciplinary Essays, Railways and Culture in Britain: The Epitome of Modernity, the New Woman in Fiction and in Fact: Fin de siècle Feminisms, Fragmenting Modernism: Ford Madox Ford, the Novel and the Great War, the Cambridge Companion to Travel WritingCochranTerry, Twilight of the Literary: Figures of Thought in the Age of Print , Harvard University Press, 2001, pp. 288, £27.50.RobertsGeoffrey, The History and Narrative Reader , Routledge, 2001, pp. 452, £55, £16.99 pb.FrancePeter and St ClairWilliam (eds), Mapping Lives: The Uses of Biography , published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2002, pp. x + 350, £35.BredehoftThomas A., Textual Histories: Readings in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , University of Toronto Press2001, pp. 229, £50.NordalGuorun, Tools of Literacy: The Role of Skaldic Verse in Icelandic Textual Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries , University of Toronto Press, 2001, pp. 440, £60.SwannMarjorie, Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England , University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001, pp. 280, $49.95.ErneLukas, Beyond The Spanish Tragedy: A Study of the Works of Thomas Kyd , Manchester University Press, 2001, pp. xix + 252, £45.CornsThomas N. (ed.), A Companion to Milton , Blackwell, 2002, pp. xvi + 528, £80; LoewensteinDavid, Representing Revolution in Milton and his Contemporaries , Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. xiv + 413, £40.WilcherRobert, The Writing of Royalism, 1628–1660 , Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp. 400, £40.PooleRobert (ed.), The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories , Manchester University Press, 2003, pp. xiv + 226, £45, £14.99 pb.CranfieldJ. Douglas, Heroes and States: On the Ideology of Restoration Tragedy , University Press of Kentucky, 2000, pp. xvii + 249, $39.95.DearnleyMoira, Distant Fields: Eighteenth-century Fictions of Wales , University of Wales Press, 2001, pp. xxii + 246, £25.HesseCarla, The Other Enlightenment: How French Women Became Modern , Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. xix + 233, £24.95; HillBridget, Women Alone: Spinsters in England 1660–1850 , Yale University Press, 2001, pp. viii + 219, £25.00.ScarfeNorman (ed. and transl.), A Frenchman's Year in Suffolk, 1784 , Suffolk Records Society, vol. 30, 1988, pp. xv + 226, 44 illus., £25.00; ScarfeNorman, Innocent Espionage: The La Rochefoucauld Brothers' Tour of England in 1785 , Boydell Press, 1995, pp. xx + 270, 62 illus., £25; ScarfeNorman, To the Highlands in 1786: The Inquisitive Journey of a Young French Aristocrat , Boydell Press, 2001, pp. xxiv + 276, 71 illus., 2 maps, £30.PurbrickLouise (ed.), The Great Exhibition of 1851: New Interdisciplinary Essays , Texts in Culture, Manchester University Press, 2001, pp. xii + 217, £45, £15.99 pb.CarterIan, Railways and Culture in Britain: The Epitome of Modernity , Manchester University Press, 2001, pp. xi + 338, £49.99, £16.99 pb.RichardsonAngelique and WillisChris (eds), The New Woman in Fiction and in Fact: fin de siècle Feminisms , Palgrave, 2001, pp. 258, £42.50.HaslamSara, Fragmenting Modernism: Ford Madox Ford, the Novel and the Great War , Manchester University Press, 2002, pp. 233, £40.HulmePeter and YoungsTim (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Travel Writing , Cambridge University Press, 2002, illustrations, pp. x + 343, £45, £15.95 pb.“ Literature & History 12, Nr. 2 (November 2003): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/lh.12.2.7.

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Virabyan, Vanik. „ՄԱՀՄԵԴԱԿԱՆ ԲՆԱԿՉՈՒԹՅԱՆ 1919 Թ. ԶՈԴ – ԲԱՍԱՐԳԵՉԱՐՅԱՆ ԽՌՈՎՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ ՄԵԾ ԲՐԻՏԱՆԻԱՅԻ ԶԻՆՎՈՐԱԿԱՆ ՆԵՐԿԱՅԱՑՈՒՑԻՉ ԳՆԴԱՊԵՏ ՔԼԱՅՎ ԹԵՄՊԵՐԼԻԻ ԳՈՐԾՈՒՆԵՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ / ZOD-BASARGECHARYAN MUSLIM POPULATION REBELLION 1919 IN ARMENIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GREAT BRITAIN MILITARY REPRESENTATIVE COLONEL CLIVE TEMPERLEY'S ACTIVITIES“. Աշխատություններ Հայաստանի պատմության թանգարանի / Transactions of the History Museum of Armenia, 2022, 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56653/18290361-2022.9-124.

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During 1918 – 1920s the Republic of Armenia made huge efforts in preventing hostile forces and intrigues especially in the regions of Surmalu, Kars, Aralich, Zangibasar, Vedibasar, Boyuk Vedi, Nachijevan, Zangezur, Zod Basargechar and in other areas. From the existing archives and other documents it follows what difficulties of Armenian government went for preventing Azerbaijan-Turkish special activities. In the days of the First Republic of Armenia, the successful activity of the Armenian government had considerable results in the cause of revealing the evident anti-Armenian intrigues and espionage activity of the Azerbaijan in Yerevan to undermine the bases of Armenian Statehood and bring about anti-Armenian revolts in Zangibasar, Boyuk-Vedi as well as in Zod and other Armenian districts by directly bribing the local Azerbaijanians for the purpose of tearing away the primordial Armenian territories in the presence of the British representative, Colonel C. Temperley.

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Virabyan, Vanik. „The Suppression Of The 1919 Anti-Armenian Unrest Of The Muslim Population In The Zod-Basargechar Region And The Restoration Of The Territorial Integrity Of Republic Of Armenia InThe Context Of The Activity Of Colonel Clive Temperley, The Military And Political Representative Of Great Britain“. Fundamental Armenology, 28.12.2022, 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.54503/1829-4618-2022.2(16)-79.

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In 1918-1920s, the Republic of Armenia made huge efforts to prevent hostile forces and conspiracies, especially in Surmalu, Kars, Aralitch, Zangibasar, Vedibasar, Böyük-Vedi, Nakhijevan, Zangezur, Zod, Basargechar and other regions. Available archives and other documents show the difficulties the Armenian government faces in preventing the special operations of Azerbaijani-Turkish activities. During the days of the First Republic of Armenia, the successful activity of the Armenian government had significant results in revealing the apparent anti-Armenian intrigues and espionage activities of Azerbaijan in Yerevan aimed at undermining the foundations of Armenian statehood. The anti-Armenian uprisings in Zangibasar, BöyükVedi, as well as in Zod and other Armenian territories, directly sought to separate these territories from Armenia, and this took place in the immediate presence of the British military representative, Colonel C. Temperley.

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