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1
Mironova, E. M. „Russian Political Delegation, 1919–1920“. Modern History of Russia 11, Nr. 4 (2021): 871–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.403.
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Using materials from Russian archives as well as from the Leeds Russian Archive (Great Britain), this article traces stages of activity of the Russian Political Delegation (RPD). The Delegation was established in 1919 by the Russian Political Meeting (RPM) in Paris for direct participation in the Versailles Peace Conference. Its activities were authorized by Admiral Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia. The article covers the formation of the RPD, which included Prince Lvov, N. V. Tchaikovsky, V. A. Maklakov, and S. D. Sazonov. Due to circumstances beyond its control, the Delegation did not get the opportunity to participate in the conference, and its international activities were quite limited. However, after the dissolution of the Russian Political Meeting, the Russian Political Delegation continued its activities, claiming the status of the foreign center of a White Movement. Its ranks aggravated the split between public figures and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Movement: social activists wanted the government of Omsk to remove S. D. Sazonov. Admiral Kolchak decided to retain control of his government over foreign missions, keep S. D. Sazonov as Minister, and asked the delegation to continue its work. In fact, in late 1919 and early 1920, the Russian Political Delegation managed to head the foreign mission of the White Movement. However, it was unable to cope with problems standing on its agenda. G. E. Lvov and N. V. Tchaikovsky, who used the situation of the Delegation members to influence affairs, diligently supported its existence. The last statements of the Russian Political Delegation refer to the end of 1920, the period of evacuation of the Wrangel’s army from Crimea. Analysis of the RPD’s activities provides an insight into challenges that in general were characteristic of the Movement and that eventually played their role in its defeat.
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Mills, Susan J. „Baptist archives in Great Britain“. ANZTLA EJournal, Nr. 16 (28.03.2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/anztla.v0i16.885.
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Pecherin, Andrey V. „The Repressed Priest Anatoly Maslennikov (1891-1921): A Biography Reconstruction Experience“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Nr. 468 (2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/17.
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The article presents the first experiment in compiling a biography of the priest Anatoly Aleksandrovich Maslennikov, who was shot in Tomsk in 1920 on charges of belonging to the White Guard organization and canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in 1981. During the study, a huge number of documentary sources stored in state and departmental archives of Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Tomsk Oblasts, as well as church periodicals, reference and scientific literature, and also the personal archive of E. Simpson (Great Britain) have been examined. This study provides materials for compiling a socio-cultural portrait of an Orthodox clergy representative who became a participant of the Civil War: his social background, education, and marital status. Some new biographical details have been discovered and the known data clarified, including the periods of his ministry as the prior of Zavodo-Uspensky parish in Tyumen District of Tobolsk Province (now Tugulymsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast), the regimental priest in the White Army, and the priest in the Baturinskoe village of Tomsk Province (now Tomsk District of Tomsk Oblast). The fact of Maslennikov's training at Kurgan Theological School is published for the first time; his study at Tobolsk Theological Seminary is also considered. The circle of the priest's relatives has been determined. After the successful graduation from Tobolsk Theological Academy in 1913, Maslennikov married, was ordained to the priesthood and appointed Prior of Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the village of Zavodo-Uspenskoye. Before the Civil War, he served in the parish, educating peasants in addition to the church service. Father Anatoly did not share revolutionary ideas, and with the outbreak of the Civil War in the Urals he transferred to the military department and was sent to the 16th Ishim Regiment under the command of Colonel N.N. Kazagrandi. With the retreating army of Admiral Kolchak, the priest and his family arrived to Tomsk, and here, after the defeat of the Whites, he was appointed priest of the Church of St. George the Victorious in the Baturinskoe village near Tomsk in December 1919. On May 14, 1920, he was arrested on charges of belonging to the White Guard organization, and, after a short-term investigation, priest Anatoly was shot on June 25, among many other victims of the fierce civil confrontation. In 1994 Anatoly Maslennikov was rehabilitated. The study of individual biographies within the context of the era allows expanding the possibilities of compiling prosopographies (dynamic collective biographies of social groups) and revealing the socio-cultural characteristics of the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of the most powerful social transformation of society in the 20th century.
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Shevchenko, Oleg K. „Foreign Internet Archives on the Yalta Conference: Revisiting the Theory of ‘Communication Power’: The National Archives (TNA) (Great Britain)“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 3 (2018): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-750-760.
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The article deals with the problems of uploading archival materials on the Yalta conference to open-source websites. The author focuses on the UK experience. The significance of studying open-source archival documents as historical sources is not of purely archival or, rather, source-studies nature, but has a serious political background. The author demonstrates the potential of publication of the ‘Yalta-1945’ archival documents for solving important issues connected to geopolitical interests of various states. The textual analysis of documents and detailed analysis of their structure allow to conclude that national scholars can now access foreign documents on the ‘Yalta-1945,’ and yet they should beware of the ‘communication power’ technologies used by the United States and Great Britain. The author analyzes key series of English-language documents available on The National Archives official website. There are available on-line various catalogues, files descriptions, etc. Great Britain has uploaded a great number of digitized documents and microfilms on Yalta-1945. Most of these are open-sourced. Studying these documents adds to our knowledge of the Yalta Conference and allows to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of documents on the ‘Yalta-1945’ in the United States, Great Britain, and the USSR. However, the way documents are placed and presented and the nature of tools created for primary generalization of the documentation allow to assert that the authorities attempt to manipulate the public conscience.
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Razhev, A. V. „The British Army in 1930s: Activity of Secretaries of State for War A. Duff Cooper and L. Hore-Belisha“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, Nr. 2 (2012): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-2-97-100.
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The article reviews the activities of Secretaries of State for War of Great Britain, Alfred Duff Cooper and Leslie Hore-Belisha on specific issues of modernization of British land forces during the period of 1936–1939. The work is based mainly on archival material: memoranda and conclusions of the British Cabinet, which are available on the official site of the National Archives of Great Britain.
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Schwarz, Suzanne. „Reconstructing the Life Histories of Liberated Africans: Sierra Leone in the Early Nineteenth Century“. History in Africa 39 (2012): 175–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2012.0011.
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Abstract:This article draws attention to the scope and significance of the Registers of Liberated Africans, which were recently retraced in the Public Archives of Sierra Leone after a period of neglect. These registers, spanning the period between 1808 and 1819, provide details of the names and physical characteristics of the first groups of “recaptives” released at Freetown by royal naval patrols in the immediate aftermath of British abolition of the slave trade. This evidence, when combined with other categories of records generated by colonial administrators, offers a rare opportunity to reconstruct biographical information about enslaved Africans after their release from slaving vessels. The methodology discussed in this article demonstrates how nominal linkage across diverse categories of records surviving in Sierra Leone and Britain makes it possible to trace aspects of the subsequent movements of individuals after their cases had been adjudicated by the Vice Admiralty Court at Freetown.
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Kovic, Milos. „The British Adriatic Squadron and the evacuation of Serbs from the Albanian coast 1915-1916“. Balcanica, Nr. 49 (2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1849029k.
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Unpublished sources and archival material can still shed fresh light upon the history of the evacuation of the Serbian Army and civilian refugees from the Albanian coast in 1915-1916. Among them are reports to the British Admiralty written in 1915 and 1916 by the commander of the British Adriatic Squadron, Rear Admiral Cecil Fiennes Thursby. These documents deposited in the National Archives in Kew Gardens have never been used in reconstructing the evacuation operation. Written on an almost daily basis, Thursby?s reports of 1915 and 1916 constitute a unique source not only for the history of the evacuation of Serbs but also for the history of the South-East Europe in the Great War.
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Field, Clive D. „PRESERVING ZION: THE ANATOMY OF PROTESTANT NONCONFORMIST ARCHIVES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND“. Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 33, Nr. 118 (April 2008): 14–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2008.2.
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Shendygaev, Dmitriy I. „Structural Changes in the Royal Navy and the Rotation of the British Naval Elite during the First World War“. Общество: философия, история, культура, Nr. 10 (18.10.2023): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2023.10.20.
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Great Britain, due to geographical location and the need to maintain dominance on the seas, emphasized the actions of its Royal Navy during military conflicts. The realities of World War I forced Great Britain’s military and political leadership to reconsider the country's traditional role in international military conflicts. A pressing issue facing the military and political elite was the development of military plans aimed at harnessing Great Britain’s Naval Forces. Proposed drafts by British Admiralty representatives such as J. Fisher, W. Churchill, and J. Jellico often met with obstruction from the state's political leaders and the Army elite. On the eve of the war and during the hostilities, representatives of the elite proposed various plans for the use of the country’s Royal Navy, the implementation of which led both to the fleet's structural changes and to the rotation of the military elite.
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Mathews, Susann M. „Mathematical Modeling: Convoying Merchant Ships“. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 9, Nr. 7 (März 2004): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.9.7.0382.
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Few events of the twentieth century have had as much impact as who won World Wars I and II. In both wars, Great Britain reduced the sinkings of merchant ships by German submarines through sailing their ships in groups (convoying). Before instituting convoys, Great Britain suffered severe losses to attack by German submarines. In World War II, Japan allowed merchant ships to sail individually. Japan's losses to U.S. submarines were a critical element in Japan's defeat (Roscoe 1949). In a convoy, many merchant ships sail in a large group under the escort of naval warships to protect the poorly armed merchant ships. In World War I, the British admiralty opposed sending merchant ships grouped together in convoys for several reasons that proved to be false. I proposed the problem of whether or not the British should convoy their merchant ships to my preservice teachers in a course in mathematical modeling for middle school teachers. While working on this problem, the students analyze and rebut each of the admiralty's arguments against convoying. Mathematical models are used to support the rebuttals.
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Bressler, Jonas. „Crusade against Bolshevism“. Fascism 13, Nr. 1 (08.04.2024): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10070.
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Abstract During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), many conservatives and fascists in Western Europe supported the Francoist rebels. This paper will outline how conservatives and fascists in Great Britain, France, and Belgium worked together to support the rebellion in Spain. Regarding Great Britain, the pressure group Friends of Nationalist Spain (FNS) will be studied, while for France and Belgium several different groups and individuals will be examined. In all countries, these networks were managed by the Francoist Ambassadors. This paper sheds light on an extensive pro-Francoist network that operated across Western Europe in which conservatives and fascists worked side-by-side. Their cooperation was facilitated by a shared anti-communism and the use of common structures, such as conservative parties. It draws from sources located in archives in Spain, Great Britain, France, and Belgium and includes publications written by the individuals who were involved in this network.
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Beck, Thomas J. „The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI)‐‐Wiley Digital Archives“. Charleston Advisor 21, Nr. 2 (01.10.2019): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.2.34.
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The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a scholarly association dedicated to the study of anthropology. It has an extensive collection of archival and manuscript materials on this topic. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has partnered with RAI to create this Wiley Digital Archive collection of their content. Wiley has digitized everything at RAI that they possibly could, save those items that are unavailable for reasons of privacy, copyright, or sensitivity. RAI internal papers and correspondence in the database generally go back to 1967, though some materials are older than that. It offers tens of thousands of manuscripts and photographs, and over one hundred maps.This database provides a number of searching and browsing options that can be used to locate its various documents and images. Although both options can be used effectively and are generally understandable, each has its idiosyncrasies that might confuse or frustrate users. The type, quality, and age of documents and images in this database vary considerably. These include, but are not limited to, notes, papers, and handwritten letters. Some of these can be difficult to read. However, this is not an uncommon problem with primary documents, like those found in this database.Pricing for this database can vary substantially, and depends on FTE and institution type. For certain institutions, with an FTE of 3,000 or less, pricing is relatively economical, while for those with higher FTEs it grows increasingly expensive, and may ultimately prove unaffordable for some.While the quality and quantity of this database’s content is relatively high, it will generally not be useful to students looking for introductory materials on anthropology and related disciplines. Instead, it will be far more valuable to those doing more in-depth research in these areas, including those hoping to augment research already done using other resources. The licensing agreement for this database is in most ways a standard one, but it’s vague on the question of fees, so purchasers should clarify this issue with the vendor before proceeding.
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Valdés, Juan Núñez. „WOMEN IN THE EARLY DAYS OF PHARMACY IN GREAT BRITAIN“. International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 04, Nr. 12 (01.10.2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v04i12.1.1.
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This paper deals with the beginnings and historical evolution of Pharmacy studies in Great Britain and on the role played by the first women who practiced the profession there, The circumstances of that time, which made very difficult for a woman to work in that area, the biography of the first English woman licensed in Pharmacy, Fanny Deacon, and the biographies of the women who followed her as graduates in Pharmacy in Great Britain are commented, detailing not only their personal data but also the impact they had on the evolution and development of Pharmacy studies in their country. These women were Alice Vickery, Isabella Skinner Clarke, Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan, Rose Coombes Minshull and Agnes Thompson Borrowman.The main objective of the paper is to reveal the figures of these first women in Pharmacy in Great Britain to society, To do this, the methodology used has been the usual in researches of this type: search of data on these women in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As the main results, the biographies of these pioneers pharmacist women mentioned above have been elaborated
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THORPE, ANDREW. „THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN, 1920–1945“. Historical Journal 43, Nr. 3 (September 2000): 777–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99001181.
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The opening of archives in recent years makes it possible to reassess the membership of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) before 1945. The revised aggregate figures, while not startling, suggest that revisions to established views of the effects of the General Strike, the shift to the ‘new line’ and the popular front, are in order. The party's membership was very predominantly male, tended to be young, often included a high proportion of unemployed people, and was heavily working class, with miners especially significant. Geographically, its membership was dominated for most of the period by London, Scotland, Lancashire, and South Wales. There was also a very high turnover of membership for much of the period. The reasons for this turnover, and explanations for the circumstances in which the party was best able to recruit, are discussed. Over time the party's membership did become less unrepresentative of Britain as a whole, enabling it to become an organic, if minor, part of British political life. CPGB membership patterns have similarities with those of other Western Communist parties and its predecessor organizations in Britain, showing how the CPGB reflected features of both international Communism and the British left.
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Zherlitsina, Natalia. „French and English Methods of Colonial Expansion in the Maghreb on the Example of the Franco-Moroccan Crisis of the Late 1840s — Early 1850s“. ISTORIYA 14, S23 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025637-9.
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The article is devoted to the Franco-Moroccan crisis of the late 1840s — early 1850s, in which Great Britain was directly involved. This historical event is not covered at all in Russian/Soviet historiography and only in the few works of French and English scientists. The research is based on the study of published documents of archives and works of historians of France and Great Britain of the late 19th — early 20th centuries — the heyday of European colonial empires. The analysis of the causes, course and consequences of the crisis allows the author to compare the methods of colonial expansion used by France and Great Britain when creating their colonial empires in the 19th century. The article shows that both European empires were interested in subjugating the sultanate, but if France sought to include Morocco in its colonial empire, then Britain, using economic and political pressure, gradually turned the North African country into its obedient puppet. The author concludes that Morocco's loss of independence was only a matter of time — when France and Britain could agree on the terms of this seizure. Thus, the fact that the sultanate of Morocco remained independent throughout the 19th century was explained by the conflicting interests of European empires in this region, and not by the success of the policy of the authorities of this country.
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Valdés, Juan Núñez Valdés. „International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies“. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 04, Nr. 12 (24.12.2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v04i12.1.
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This paper deals with the beginnings and historical evolution of Pharmacy studies in Great Britain and on the role played by the first women who practiced the profession there, The circumstances of that time, which made it very difficult for a woman to work in that area, the biography of the first English woman licensed in Pharmacy, Fanny Deacon, and the biographies of the women who followed her as graduates in Pharmacy in Great Britain are commented, detailing not only their personal data but also the impact they had on the evolution and development of Pharmacy studies in their country. These women were Alice Vickery, Isabella Skinner Clarke, Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan, Rose Coombes Minshull, and Agnes Thompson Borrowman. The main objective of the paper is to reveal the figures of these first women in Pharmacy in Great Britain to society, To do this, the methodology used has been usual in researches of this type: search of data on these women in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As the main results, the biographies of these pioneers pharmacist women mentioned above have been elaborated.
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Ivanov, A. G. „How Great Britain Entered the Second World War On Materials of the Foreign Office’s Archives)“. Общество: философия, история, культура, Nr. 11 (2022): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2022.11.18.
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Markovich, Slobodan. „Activities of Father Nikolai Velimirovich in Great Britain during the Great War“. Balcanica, Nr. 48 (2017): 143–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748143m.
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Nikolai Velimirovich was one of the most influential bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the twentieth century. His stay in Britain in 1908/9 influenced his theological views and made him a proponent of an Anglican-Orthodox church reunion. As a known proponent of close relations between different Christian churches, he was sent by the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic to the United States (1915) and Britain (1915-1919) to work on promoting Serbia and the cause of Yugoslav unity. His activities in both countries were very successful. In Britain he closely collaborated with the Serbian Relief Fund and ?British friends of Serbia? (R. W. Seton-Watson, Henry Wickham Steed and Sir Arthur Evans). Other Serbian intellectuals in London, particularly the brothers Bogdan and Pavle Popovic, were in occasional collision with the members of the Yugoslav Committee over the nature of the future Yugoslav state. In contrast, Velimirovich remained committed to the cause of Yugoslav unity throughout the war with only rare moments of doubt. Unlike most other Serbs and Yugoslavs in London Father Nikolai never grew unsympathetic to the Serbian Prime Minister Pasic, although he did not share all of his views. In London he befriended the churchmen of the Church of England who propagated ecclesiastical reunion and were active in the Anglican and Eastern Association. These contacts allowed him to preach at St. Margaret?s Church, Westminster and other prominent Anglican churches. He became such a well-known and respected preacher that, in July 1917, he had the honour of being the first Orthodox clergyman to preach at St. Paul?s Cathedral. He was given the same honour in December 1919. By the end of the war he had very close relations with the highest prelates of the Church of England, the Catholic cardinal of Westminster, and with prominent clergymen of the Church of Scotland and other Protestant churches in Britain. Based on Velimirovich?s correspondence preserved in Belgrade and London archives, and on very wide coverage of his activities in The Times, in local British newspapers, and particularly in the Anglican journal The Church Times, this paper describes and analyses his wide-ranging activities in Britain. The Church of England supported him wholeheartedly in most of his activities and made him a celebrity in Britain during the Great War. It was thanks to this Church that some dozen of his pamphlets and booklets were published in London during the Great War. What made his relations with the Church of England so close was his commitment to the question of reunion of Orthodox churches with the Anglican Church. He suggested the reunion for the first time in 1909 and remained committed to it throughout the Great War. Analysing the activities of Father Nikolai, the paper also offers a survey of the very wide-ranging forms of help that the Church of England provided both to the Serbian Orthodox Church and to Serbs in by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement. general during the Great War. Most of these activities were channelled through him. Thus, by the end of the Great War he became a symbol of Anglican-Orthodox rapprochement.
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Finnell, Joshua. „Missionary activity in the Victorian era: a selective bibliography“. Reference Reviews 28, Nr. 5 (10.06.2014): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-12-2013-0322.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify unique Victorian-Era collections of British and American missionary activity, which provide an introduction to the breadth and depth of primary sources in the field of missiology. Design/methodology/approach – This article provides a list of physical archives, digital repositories, microfilm collections and subscription databases with relevance to missionary activity in the Victorian Era. Collections were purposefully selected based on denominational importance or historical relevance. The bibliography consists of collections from both the USA and Great Britain. Findings – Through grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the digital availability of Victorian Era missionary materials has increased significantly over the past decade. Originality/value – This bibliography includes archival collections housed or hosted in the USA and Great Britain. The annotations describe the scope and uniqueness of each archive, and will be of interest to scholars interested in the field of missiology.
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Préneuf, Jean de. „1904. La Royal Navy vue par l'attaché naval français : un géant en pleine réforme“. Revue Historique des Armées 241, Nr. 4 (2005): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5769.
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1904 : The Royal Navy as seen by the French naval attaché in London a titan in the process of major reform ; At the beginning of the twentieth century Great Britain was struggling to maintain its naval supremacy, the keystone of the Pax Britannica that had lasted since 1815. The Admiralty, under the impulsion of Admiral Sir John Fisher, embarked on a massive reform of the Royal Navy - a reform whose outlines were disclosed in a memorandum dated 6 December 1904. The report from the French naval attaché in London, Commander Mercier de Lostende, serves as a reminder of the principal measures in what remains a major turning point in British naval policy. His assessments offer insights into the complex relationships that the French naval officers of the period enjoyed with the Royal Navy, in the immediate aftermath of the agreements earlier in 1904 that set the seal on the Entente Cordiale
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Reber, Vera Blinn. „Archival Sources for Latin American Business History“. Business History Review 59, Nr. 4 (1985): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3114600.
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Since the Business History Review's special issue on Latin America twenty years ago, many articles and monographs have been published utilizing archival sources. An examination of many of these studies and experience in archives suggest that the historian of Latin American business must use a variety of sources to study individual firms and the relationships between business and the national societies in which they operate. In this essay Professor Reber discusses eight types of archives found in the United States, Latin America, Great Britain, France, and Spain which hold manuscripts of interest to those studying both the economic and business history of Latin America. She also offers advice about bibliographic aids, guides, and, briefly, printed primary source materials useful in supplementing the often hard-to-find archival data.
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Farrell, Milly, und Sam Alberti. „The Odontological Collection: recent progress“. Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 93, Nr. 9 (01.10.2011): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363511x13135061295085.
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For the last three years the Faculty of Dental Surgery has supported the cataloguing and re-storage of the Odontological Collection by the Museums and Archives Department. The collection dates back to 1859, when the Odontological Society of Great Britain announced the need for a dental collection to encourage further research in the field. Owing to the recent work in both cataloguing and promoting the collection, this original purpose has been re-established and the collection is once again the focus of several research projects.
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Roberts, Priscilla. „British Commonwealth Archives from Far North to Distant South: Neglected Resources for Cold War International History“. Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, Nr. 2 (29.06.2022): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29020003.
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Abstract British Commonwealth archives constitite a rich and often under-utilized source of material for understanding the international history of the 20th and 21st centuries. From the late 19th Century onward, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand each enjoyed close and confidential relations with not just Britain, but with each other and increasingly, too, with the United States. They also participated in major international organizations at both an official and non-governmental level. Although or perhaps because each was a “middle” rather than “great” power, as each country developed its own diplomatic bureaucracy, their representatives often had informal and even intimate insights into the policies of a wide range of countries. This article introduces the highlights of each nation’s major archival repositories for materials relating to international affairs. While the holdings of the Library and Archives of Canada in Ottawa, the National Archives of Australia and the National Library of Australia in Canberra, and the National Archives of New Zealand in Wellington all feature prominently, the author casts a wider net and draw researchers’ attention to additional important and often under-utilized collections scattered across the different countries.
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Pressey, Andrew. „A quiet revolution“. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 9, Nr. 4 (20.11.2017): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-05-2017-0018.
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Purpose The study aims examine the popular master narrative that marketing education in Britain first appeared in the 1960s and understand if its origins can in fact be traced to an earlier period. This is undertaken through an examination of the courses taught from 1902 to 1969 at the Faculty of Commerce, University of Birmingham, Great Britain. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on a number of primary source materials held at the archives at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham, that are related to the Faculty of Commerce. Findings The study identifies that marketing courses were being taught in Britain long before the 1960s by the new business schools; we can trace its origins to the beginning of the twentieth century at Birmingham. From 1902 onwards, marketing was consistently part of the syllabus of the undergraduate programme and it became part of the core syllabus of the post-graduate programme. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study require marketing education scholars and scholars of the emergence of marketing thought to revise their beliefs concerning the emergence of marketing education in Great Britain and situate this in an earlier period. Originality/value The paper demonstrates the historical value of studying early commerce syllabi and the manner in which marketing-themed content was delivered to students.
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HICKSON, CHARLES R., und JOHN D. TURNER. „The Trading of Unlimited Liability Bank Shares in Nineteenth-Century Ireland: The Bagehot Hypothesis“. Journal of Economic History 63, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2003): 931–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703002493.
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In the mid-1820s, banks became the first businesses in Great Britain and Ireland to be allowed to form freely on an unlimited liability joint-stock basis. Walter Bagehot warned that their shares would ultimately be owned by widows, orphans, and other impecunious individuals. Another hypothesis is that the governing bodies of these banks, constrained by special legal restrictions on share trading, acted effectively to prevent such shares being transferred to the less wealthy. We test both conjectures using the archives of an Irish joint-stock bank. The results do not support Bagehot's hypothesis.
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Ashplant, T. G. „Writing the Lives of the Poor“. European Journal of Life Writing 3 (14.03.2014): R1—R6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.3.96.
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The conference 'Writing the Lives of the Poor' arose out of a joint Anglo-German research project, “Pauper Letters and Petitions for Poor Relief in Germany and Great Britain,1770–1914”, funded by the UK’s Arts & Humanities Research Council,and directed by Prof. Steven King (University of Leicester) and Prof.Dr. Andreas Gestrich (Director, German Historical Institute London. These narratives comprise letters and petitions written by paupers seeking some form of relief. In describing the circumstances which led them to appeal for help, the authors construct autobiographical vignettes. The project aims to construct an online, edited corpus of such texts, which survive in considerable numbers in British and German archives.
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KHUDAYBERDIEV, AZIZ. „Italian and British policy in Yemen between two world wars“. Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, Nr. 02 (01.09.2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-02-13.
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Based on the documents of the National Archives of India, including diplomatic correspondence of the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Colonies, minutes of meetings classified as "secret", this article reveals the features of the policy of Italy and Great Britain in the south of the Arabian Peninsula in the 20-30s of the XX century. The relevance of this article topic lies in the fact that even after 100 years, in the 20s of the XXIst century, Yemen remains as the object of interference by the external actors, rivalry and attempts to divide this country. The article examines the methods used by Italy and Great Britain to expand their influence in the Red Sea, in particular, attempts to win over the ruler of Asir al-Idrisi and the ruler of Northern Yemen Imam Yahya. It was revealed that Great Britain and Italy focused their efforts on unleashing the Saudi-Yemeni war, aiming to weaken Yemen and Hijazo-Nejd. At the same time, each of the parties hoped to strengthen their own influence in the Red Sea basin. The article shows that Italy had certain economic interests in Yemen. The use of Yemen as a market for Italian products, the profitable trade of the famous Yemeni coffee, the monopoly on the sale of petroleum products in Yemen and other trade advantages provided by Imam Yahya in return for Italian aid, allowed the Italians to receive some additional profits. The reorientation of Yemeni trade from Aden to Massawa would significantly reduce the role of the British colony and increase the importance of Italian colony Eritrea. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the rivalry in the south of the Arabian Peninsula between Great Britain and Italy, in which the ruler of Northern Yemen, Imam Yahya, saw the threat of a new enslavement of Yemen, largely contributed to the choice of isolation policy, which, on the one hand, helped to preserve the independence of the country, but, on the other hand, slowed down the economic and socio-political progress of Yemen.
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Baker, Charles Richard. „What can Thomas Jefferson’s accounting records tell us about plantation management, slavery, and Enlightenment philosophy in colonial America?“ Accounting History 24, Nr. 2 (15.05.2018): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373218772589.
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Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States of America and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence of the American Colonies from Great Britain. Less well known is that he was a meticulous record keeper. He kept daily records of every receipt and expenditure that he made, no matter how small, for a period of over 60 years. Most of these records have survived and are located in various libraries throughout the United States. Two questions are raised in this article: first, what can Jefferson’s accounting records tell us about plantation management in colonial America? Second, what do these accounting records reveal about Jefferson’s perspectives on eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy? This article investigates original archives in an effort to answer these questions.
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BOWAN, KATE. „Reconstructing a ‘Special Relationship’ from Scattered Archives: America, Britain, Europe and the ISCM, 1922–45“. Journal of the Royal Musical Association 147, Nr. 2 (November 2022): 616–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rma.2022.29.
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In an account of the early history of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM) for a 1946 BBC broadcast, president of the ISCM Edward Dent recounted the ‘two main reasons’ why London was proposed as the society’s initial headquarters at that first meeting in 1922 in Salzburg. Firstly, he maintained, ‘it stood apart from all the quarrels and jealousies of the Continent’, and secondly, and most importantly for the purposes of this article, he outlined a triangulated relationship: ‘[London] was regarded as a link between Europe and America.’ ‘American music’, he continued, ‘really needed that link in those days; and the general feeling of the European musicians was that they would provide the music and England the money to pay for it.’ But then (again using ‘the Continent’ and ‘Europe’ interchangeably) he signalled a profound shift: ‘Today the situation has changed. It is Europe now which needs the link with America, for America has become a great music-producing country, while it will take the Continent some little time to recover its creative energy.’262 Tantalizing though Dent’s references to ‘links’ may be, obtaining clarity on what these transatlantic connections were and how they operated has proved elusive. The telling of an international and transnational history by way of searches of nationally bounded archival collections has raised certain methodological challenges.263 Rising to meet them, however, has uncovered some interesting threads which in turn offer an alternative dimension to a story that is often told from a Eurocentric perspective; one, as already noted by the editors of this round table, which places the Austro-Germanic modernist tradition at its centre.264 Moreover, Dent’s framework of a transatlantic musical internationalism that triangulated England, Europe and America as three distinct entities with a set of different and fluid musical relationships and roles has obvious resonances today as Britain, the USA and Europe are once again struggling to rearticulate their positions in respect of each other in a rapidly shifting world order.
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Vasiliu, Andrei. „Perspectives for Researching British Appeasement of Nazi Germany in the Inter-War Years Using the Digitized Newspaper Collections of the British Library“. Hiperboreea 4, Nr. 1 (01.06.2017): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.4.1.0047.
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Abstract This paper aims to verify that the methods for researching the British appeasement policy towards Germany in the inter-war years can include the new method of studying the digitized collections of newspapers of the British Library. The policy of appeasement led by Great Britain during the inter-war years still represents a very attractive subject of research. The challenge lies not only in the new data harvested from primary sources such as documents and newspapers but also in the new methods of researching that may be applied, and that may increase the interest of scholars. Today, researching the digitized collections of archives are not even a futuristic resource, but a growing necessity. Accessing the British Library's digitized collections through the British Newspaper Archive website is often easier and more efficient than going to the archives. The site has more than 40 million digitized newspapers, mainly local periodicals, which can be accessed by searching for keywords, establishing filters and saving results to retrieve them later. The electronic resources of the digitized collections provide valuable help in my doctoral research on the Anglo-French appeasement reflected in the newspapers, which proves to be a great challenge, given the fact that the subject was widely covered in many of the central newspapers. But, of course, this method immediately poses multiple questions: is this method of research as rigorous as the traditional research conducted in the archives? Does this method provide the intercoder reliability framework required for such works? These are the research questions that remain at the center of this article. Previous research on the subject of digitized collections and also the analysis of the resources of the British Newspaper Archive in comparison with the traditional British Library resources can provide an answer.
31
Graff, Karol. „Review: Kaczorowski, B. (2022). Wojna Salazara. Polityka zagranicz-na Portugalii w okresie drugiej wojny światowej“. Perspektywy Kultury 43, Nr. 4/2 (29.12.2023): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2023.430402.40.
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The book written by Bartosz Kaczorowski depicts Portuguese foreign policy in the period of World War II which is silhouetted against the international situation and the ideological rudiments of Estado Novo. The author presents the goals of Salazar’s policy and its methods in this period. This topic, as Kaczorowski shows, was almost unknown not only to Polish historiography, but also did not find an objective and holistic approach nor in Portuguese publications, nor in texts of other foreign scholars. Even though, some aspects of Portuguese foreign policy during World War II have their comprehensive studies (the question of the Azores, relations with the Jewish population). That is why the author was supposed to conduct the extensive query in libraries and archives primarily abroad (the archive of Portuguese Foreign Office, other archives in Portugal, USA, Spain, Great Britain, France, Italy and Ireland). Thanks to this query was completed significantly the source material known by historians and thorough and conscientious work of the author is definitely commendable. The big advantage of the book is also the presence of original quotes (mainly in English or Portuguese) in the notes, because they can help in better understanding of the test.
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Novotný, Lukas. „Sudeten German Party Complaint to the League of Nations and the Situation of the German Minority in Czechoslovakia“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, Nr. 4 (2021): 1177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.409.
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The ethnic problem had never before been such a pressing issue at the international level as it was in the initial post-war years, in particular, in the areas of Central and Southeast Europe. Based on post-war negotiations, the idea of international protection of national minorities was born, which was closely connected with the system of peace treaties concluded with defeated states. The submitted study uses unpublished sources of Czechoslovak (National Archives in Prague, Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Prague) and British (National Archives in Kew) provenance, published sources and specialist publications to look at the complaints of national minorities to the League of Nations during the 1930s; specifically — at the petition of the Sudeten German Party in Czechoslovakia in 1936, which concerned an instruction from the Ministry of National Defence to companies intending to apply for state contracts about the ethnic composition of their employees. It uses this example to demonstrate the instrumental nature of Sudeten German Party policy, showing that it did not represent a real attempt at improving the living conditions for the German minority in the First Czechoslovak Republic but rather was a deliberate effort to increase the visibility of the political entity and to internationalize the issue of the cohabitation of Czechs and Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia. The study also demonstrates that another objective of the Sudeten German Party was to attract attention from Great Britain, which had been avoiding significant engagement in Central Europe.
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Kochegarov, S. A., und V. V. Mikhailov. „REACTION IN GOVERNMENT AND PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN ON SOVIET-ESTONIAN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS IN 1919-1920“. Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), Nr. 3 (2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-3-58-71.
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The article focuses on the contradictions in the British regarding the continuation of military operations against the Soviet Republic at the end of 1919 and the participation of Estonia in the White struggle. Documents of British archives, and transcripts of proceedings of Parliament shows that after a series of military setbacks of the White forces, and the failure of formation with the direct pressure from the British military advisers of the government of the North-West Russia to create anti-Bolshevik coalition under the political control of the British commissioners in the Baltic countries, the mood in Parliament and the War Cabinet of Britain has changed. Speeches of liberal members of Parliament at the meetings of 1919-1920, note that the issue of concluding a Bolshevik-Estonian peace Treaty has become positively evaluated in wide circles of British society. Criticism of the «militarism» of the government became particularly acute after the peace of Tartu in January 1920, and the firmness of the Estonian government, which had making peace, was welcomed by a number of deputies. Minutes of meetings of the British Imperial War Cabinet and documents of the War Council also shows a shift from the policy of active involvement of the Baltic countries in the anti-Bolshevik struggle to recognition of the failure of this struggle and the impossibility of its revival by spending the financial and material resources, which were strongly necessary to solve other problems that arose in the British government after the end of the First world war.
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Petrov, Alexander. „Aggravation of the Colonial Struggle in the Pacific Ocean in 1760—1770s“. ISTORIYA 14, Nr. 10 (132) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028746-9.
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The article is devoted to the struggle for colonies in the North Pacific in the context of the interaction between Russia, Great Britain and Spain in the second half of the 18th century, with an emphasis on the voyage of J. Cook to the coast of Alaska. The activity of Russia and the Western European powers related to the intensification of efforts in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean is considered. The article notes that the region studied by us has long attracted the attention of European countries. The factors that contributed to the development of the North-West of America are revealed. The authors show that it was a very complex and multifaceted process, in which various levels of state power, up to the emperors, participated. The importance of the initiative of private commercial companies in the colonization of territories is noted. The authors of the article draw attention to the fact that the expansion of the Spanish Empire became possible due to Madrid’s fears about the strengthening of Russia in the North Pacific. In turn, Great Britain carried out active intelligence activities, which resulted in a phase of military conflict at the end of the 18th century. On the basis of Russian and foreign documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the authors of the article try to show the validity of the fears of the Madrid court regarding Russian colonization, as well as the ambitions of London in this region. Promotion of Russia to the northwest of America was due to economic and political reasons. The access to the Pacific Ocean of Russian private structures was caused by the desire to collect yasak from the indigenous peoples, as well as to obtain furs, which were highly valued in world markets. The article notes the changes in the position of Great Britain, Spain and Russia in relation to the colonies in the 18th century. It is concluded that, in general, the policy of Spain and Great Britain was aimed at curbing the Russian advance in the Pacific Ocean. Russian-Anglo-Spanish relations in the Northwest Pacific at the end of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century made a significant contribution to the subsequent active colonization of the North Pacific. The article was written using an interdisciplinary approach based on a wide range of sources from domestic and foreign archives.
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Pivovar, Efim I., Irina E. Khanova und Marya V. Katagoshchina. „Archival Heritage as a Sphere of Kazakhstan Integration into the Scientific, Informational, and Cultural Space of Eurasia: 1998–2021“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 4 (2021): 1106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-4-1106-1117.
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The paper is devoted to the activities of the Republic of Kazakhstan archives aimed at identifying, studying, and popularizing the historical and documentary heritage of Kazakhstan, and to the role of this area of historical and cultural activity in the development of international cultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia and other states of Eurasia. The authors’ hypothesis is that the commonality of historical experience in the field of archiving and the similarity of contemporary tasks of the historical and cultural policy of the CIS countries, including Russia and Kazakhstan, are the basis for the participation of archives in the development of Eurasian integration and cooperation in the field of science and culture. In Kazakhstan, this process received significant additional incentives over the period 1998–2021. The adoption in 1998 of the Law on the National Archival Foundation of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be considered as the beginning of a large-scale project to identify, publish, and popularize the archival heritage of Kazakhstan, and this work was initially carried out both in Kazakhstani archives and abroad — in Russia, Uzbekistan, Great Britain, France, Turkey, and other countries of Greater Eurasia. In the 2000s, the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev in a series of articles and speeches had formulated an idea of referring to the history as the main source for formation of the national idea of modern Kazakhstan, including the approval of the world historical and cultural significance of the concept of the Great Steppe — the cradle of the Kazakh people. One of the central tasks in the implementation of this strategy was collection and promotion of documents related to the history of Kazakhstan in the international scientific and information space. In 2018, N. Nazarbayev came up with the “Archive – 2025” initiative, which further confirmed the role of the heuristic and archaeographic activities of archives and set the task of creating the most complete digitization of the archival heritage of Kazakhstan. The article provides an overview of the main directions of work of the Kazakhstani archives in 1998–2021: archaeographic expeditions abroad, publication of documentary collections, and scientific research on the history of the peoples, social life, and statehood of Kazakhstan in the 18th – 20th centuries, digitization of the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, conducting international scientific conferences and seminars. The facts revealed by the authors show that the archival heritage of Kazakhstan is an area of fruitful and productive cooperation of humanitarians of the countries of Eurasia and also an incentive for integration processes in science and culture in the post-Soviet space.
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Eckert, Astrid M. „The Transnational Beginnings of West German Zeitgeschichte in the 1950s“. Central European History 40, Nr. 1 (27.02.2007): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000283.
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The study of Zeitgeschichte, or contemporary history, was not an invention of the postwar era. But it was in the wake of the Second World War that it carved out a space in the historical professions of the United States, Great Britain and, most pronouncedly, West Germany. In each country, it came with similar definitions: in West Germany as “the era of those living, and its scholarly treatment by academics”; in the United States as “the period of the last generation or two”; and in Britain as “Europe in the twentieth century” or “the histories of yesterday which are being written today.” Such definitions contained a generational component and left contemporary history open to continuous rejuvenation. Yet during the postwar decades, the above definitions steered interest clearly toward the history of National Socialism, the Second World War, and foreign policy of the 1920s and 1930s. The horrific cost in human lives of Nazi racial and anti-Semitic policies gave an instant relevance to all aspects of Germany's past. The German grip on much of Europe had made National Socialism an integral component in the history of formerly occupied countries, and the Allied struggle to defeat Nazism added yet more countries to the list of those that had seen their histories become entangled with that of Germany. Hence, the academic writing of German contemporary history was never an exclusively German affair. Scholars outside Germany, especially in Great Britain and the United States, were part of the endeavor from the outset. Their involvement was facilitated by the fact that the Western Allies had captured an enormous quantity of German records and archives at the end of the war, part of which would become available to historians over the course of the 1950s and 1960s.
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Murphy, Philip. „Censorship, declassification and the history of end of empire in Central Africa“. African Research & Documentation 92 (2003): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016307.
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There may appear to be little point in an “outsider” attempting to write about the censorship of the historical record. Those employed to vet official records in Great Britain perform their task behind closed doors; and since even the titles of the files they continue to withhold are often kept a secret, scholars have little opportunity to question their decisions. As editor of the Central Africa volume of the British Documents on the End of Empire project (BDEEP), my own status is certainly that of an outsider. Established in 1987, BDEEP seeks to make available an edited and annotated selection of British government documents from The National Archives (TNA), formerly the Public Record Office, charting developments in colonial policy during the decolonisation era. Yet although its volumes are published by the Stationery Office, BDEEP is emphatically not an official publication.
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Murphy, Philip. „Censorship, declassification and the history of end of empire in Central Africa“. African Research & Documentation 92 (2003): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016307.
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There may appear to be little point in an “outsider” attempting to write about the censorship of the historical record. Those employed to vet official records in Great Britain perform their task behind closed doors; and since even the titles of the files they continue to withhold are often kept a secret, scholars have little opportunity to question their decisions. As editor of the Central Africa volume of the British Documents on the End of Empire project (BDEEP), my own status is certainly that of an outsider. Established in 1987, BDEEP seeks to make available an edited and annotated selection of British government documents from The National Archives (TNA), formerly the Public Record Office, charting developments in colonial policy during the decolonisation era. Yet although its volumes are published by the Stationery Office, BDEEP is emphatically not an official publication.
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Likharev, Dmitrii. „Arthur Jacob Marder: A Glorifier of the British Sea Power“. Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, Nr. 3 (2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640025917-6.
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In this article the author analyses the academic career of Arthur Jacob Marder, a prominent student of British naval policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Even though he graduated from Harvard, Marder faced serious difficulties in obtaining a position at American universities because of the ethnic and religious prejudices prevalent in the 1930s. Marder chose British naval policy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as his field of research. A key issue in this vast area of study were the reforms put in place by Admiral John Fisher to prepare the British Navy for the Great War. His first monograph, “The Anatomy of British Sea Power”, was published in 1940. After encountering restrictions on access to British Admiralty documents in the 1940s and 1950s, Marder turned to private archives to locate sources for his study. He managed to publish both Sir Herbert Richmond's diaries and the three-volume correspondence of Sir John Fisher. The five-volume treatise “From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow” was the crowning achievement of Marder's research. Marder is considered the founder of the classic concept of the so-called naval revolution of Sir John Fisher. Marder had the unique opportunity to study British naval documents, most of which no longer exist today and are forever lost to future generations of historians. This is the primary reason why Marder's work retains its significance to this day.
40
Davies, R. R. „Presidential Address: The People of Britain and Ireland, 1100–1400, 1.Identities“. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4 (Dezember 1994): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440100019691.
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PEOPLES are back on the historian's agenda. Their return to the historical limelight, or at least out of the historical shadows, is doubtless in part a response to the growing awareness of the power of ethnicity in our own contemporary world. So it is with changes of historical fashion at all times. But it also no doubt arises in part from the growing recognition that the centrality that academic historians have so long given to the unitary nation state as the natural, inevitable and indeed desirable unit of human power and political organisation is itself a reflection of the intellectual climate in which modern academic historiography was forged in the nineteenth century. The linear development of the nation state is no longer of necessity the overarching theme and organising principle in the study of the past that it once was. Once our historical gaze could be shifted from the state and its institutions and from the seductive appeal of its prolific archives, other solidarities and collectivities could come more clearly into historical focus. Some of them seemed to have as great, if not occasionally greater, depth and historical resilience than did the nation state. At the very least they deserve to be studied alongside it. Not least in prominence among such collectivities are the peoples of Europe.
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Raphael, Marc Lee, und Moshe Davis. „With Eyes toward Zion. Vol. 2, Themes and Sources in the Archives of the United States, Great Britain, Turkey, and Israel“. Ethnohistory 37, Nr. 2 (1990): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482558.
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42
Ponce, Javier. „Allied blockade in the Mid-East Atlantic during the First World War: cruisers against commerce-raiders“. International Journal of Maritime History 32, Nr. 4 (November 2020): 882–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420982200.
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This article examines the Allied blockade around the Canary Islands as a response to the German cruiser war, since the crossroads of trade routes from the South Atlantic that took place in the Canary Islands allowed the German commerce-raiders to ensure, on the one hand, the encounter with numerous enemy merchant ships, objectives of this economic war and, on the other hand, the aid of the numerous German merchant ships that were in their ports, especially as colliers. The immediate Allied action to block the ports in the Canary Islands took advantage of the undisputed hegemony of Great Britain in the archipelago: the British control of the main infrastructures and port and communication services was added by the joint diplomatic pressure of the British and French, although it was the clear superiority of the British naval forces and the vigilance of their cruisers that most contributed to limiting assistance to German commerce-raiders. Primary and secondary sources, diplomatic and military, both British and Spanish, and also French, shed light on the diplomatic and strategic dimension of a blockade in which the British Admiralty managed to end the threat of German commerce-raiders between August 1914 and March of 1915, and limit the operations of the following German auxiliary cruisers, which briefly operated in the eastern central Atlantic in the early months of 1916.
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Borisyonok, Yuriy A. „The “Polish-Belarusian Knot” 1918–1921 in the interpretation of modern Polish historiography“. Slavic Almanac, Nr. 3-4 (2020): 568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.7.02.
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1918–1921 became an important milestone in the formation of both Polish and Belarusian statehood. The goals and aspirations of various political forces on both sides are reflected in detail in an extensive collection of documents and materials, which has no analogues in Polish historiography. It was edited by the famous Polish historian Wojciech Materski and published in Warsaw in 2018. The significance of the book is not only that it first published several dozen sources on Belarusian topics, iamong them those available only in the archives of the United States and Great Britain, but also in a new formulation of a number of research problems for the historical science of Poland. Among them, it is worth highlighting the concept of the “Polish-Belarusian knot” and the comparison of attempts to restore Polish statehood since 1916 with the formation of Belarusian state structures since 1918.
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Gewald, Jan-Bart. „Rumours of Mau Mau in Northern Rhodesia, 1950-1960“. Afrika Focus 22, Nr. 1 (25.02.2008): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02201005.
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In 1950s Northern Rhodesia, present day Zambia, rumours abounded amongst the African population intimating that the white settlers and administration were extensively involved in witchcraft, cannibalism and blood-sucking. In turn, members of the white settler community believed very much the same with regard to the African population of the territory. The development of nationalist politics and the increasing unionization of African workers in colonial Zambia led to agitation that was matched with increasing disquiet and fears on the part of white settlers. The emergence of ‘Mau Mau’ in Kenya and rumours of ‘Mau Mau’ in Northern Rhodesia served to underscore European settler fears in Northern Rhodesia. Based on research in the National Archives of Zambia and Great Britain, this paper explores the manner in which public rumour played out in Northern Rhodesia and gave emphasis to settler fears and fantasies in the territory.
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Roberts, Geoffrey. „Infamous encounter? The Merekalov-Weizsäcker meeting of 17 April 1939“. Historical Journal 35, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1992): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00026224.
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AbstractThis article uses recently released documents from the Soviet diplomatic archives to examine the Merekalov–Weizsäcker meeting of April 1939. It argues that these documents show that western historians have been mistaken in assuming that this meeting was the occasion for Soviet signals of a desire for détente with Nazi Germany. The significance attached to the meeting in this respect is part of the cold war myth that the USSR's negotiations for a triple alliance with Great Britain and France in the spring and summer of 1939 were paralleled by secret Soviet–German discussions which eventually lead to the Nazi–Soviet pact of August 1939. The article seeks to demolish those elements of the myth that concern the Merekalov–Weizsäcker encounter and to present an alternative interpretation of the provenance and meaning of the so-called political overture by the Soviet ambassador at the meeting.
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Kosterev, Artyom. „«Let’s protect the Second Spanish Republic!» volunteers from English-speaking coun-tries and their support for the Second Re-public during the Spanish Civil War, 1936 - 1939 (historiographical essay)“. Latin-American Historical Almanac 41, Nr. 1 (27.03.2024): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2024-41-1-172-187.
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The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, which in many aspects was a "rehearsal" for the Second World War, attracted the in-terest of the world community almost from the very begin-ning and caused an unprecedented surge of volunteerism, act-ing in opposition to the "non-intervention policy" of the League of Nations. The biographies of thousands of volun-teers from 54 countries have been studied in varying detailed elaboration, and some aspects remain unexplored to this day. Volunteers from English-speaking countries, who have tradi-tionally received little attention in Russian historiography, de-serve special attention. In this paper we attempt a brief histo-riographical analysis of this topic using materials from Russian and foreign studies: monographic literature, essays and publications by researchers from the USA, Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand, as well as digital archives, document databases and other Internet resources.
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Klochkov, Victor, Veronica Nazarova und Igor Uznarodov. „Catholic Emancipation in the Great Britain and Irish Policy of Sir Robert Peel (1812–1829)“. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, Nr. 5 (November 2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.5.9.
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Introduction. The subject of research in this work is a historical and historiographical review of the Irish policy of one of the Tory leaders, Sir R. Peel (1788–1850), from the moment of his appointment as Secretary for Ireland in 1812 to the political crisis associated with the Catholic Emancipation in 1829. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the Irish policy of R. Peel is investigated here not only in the traditional problem-chronological way but also in a biographical context. Methods. The broad research context of the work is provided by the use of the prosopographic method and the historical-critical method of data processing of sources, some of which (archival sources from the Library of the University of Southampton and the Archive Bureau of Northamptonshire) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Analysis. The aim of this work is to revise the thesis established in traditional British historiography, according to which the Irish policy of R. Peel in the period from 1812 to 1829 was based on the principles of “Orangism,” whereas after the Catholic Emancipation of 1829, R. Peel became “emancipated.” The analysis of R. Peel’s political strategy in the Irish question carried out in the article shows that none of these definitions fully reflects his actual position. Results. The result of the study is the thesis that R. Peel’s Irish policy turned out to be the personification of a conservative approach to problems, in solving which he was forced to concede in detail while preserving the basics. It is shown that R. Peel’s position on the issue of Catholic emancipation was not a rejection of Anglicanism, as it often seemed to contemporaries, but a rejection of anti-Catholicism. This circumstance makes it possible today to avoid extreme assessments of R. Peel as an unprincipled politician in favor of a more moderate assessment of his Irish policy. Authors’ contribution. V.V. Klochkov determined the basic concept of the article and the methodological foundations of the study, as well as identified unpublished sources from the regional archives of Great Britain; V.S. Nazarova prepared the introduction of the article, created its structural composition, and analyzed the historiography of the problem; I.M. Uznarodov carried out general editing of the text and formulated the main results of the study.
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Tebinka, Jacek. „Gdańsk in British Diplomacy, 1945–1989“. Studia Historica Gedanensia 13 (2022): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.22.016.17436.
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Great Britain participated in the decision at the Potsdam Conference to hand over to Poland the territory of the former Free City of Danzig. The area was not recognized as part of Germany by the Great Powers. The aim of the article is to analyze the role that Gdańsk played in British policy towards Poland from the end of the Second World War to the fall of communist rule. It is based on archival research in the National Archives, Kew, supplemented by published British and Polish diplomatic documents, diaries and academic literature on the subject. Based on these sources, the author argues that the importance of the city of Gdańsk in British policy toward the region of East Central Europe diminished during the Cold War in comparison to the city’s role as the Free City of Danzig 1919–1939. However, its place was dynamic as Gdańsk became an important center of protests against the communist authorities in the 1970s and 1980s. The city played a special role since the strikes in August 1980, becoming the center of activity of the Solidarity Trade Union. The culmination of British interest was Margaret Thatcher’s visit to Gdańsk in 1988.
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Weinberg, Gerhard L. „German Documents in the United States“. Central European History 41, Nr. 4 (14.11.2008): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000848.
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At the end of World War II, vast quantities of German documents had fallen into the hands of the Allies either during hostilities or in the immediately following weeks. Something will be said near the end of this report about the archives captured or seized by the Soviet Union; the emphasis here will be on those that came into the possession of the Western Allies. The United States and Great Britain made agreements for joint control and exploitation, of which the most important was the Bissell-Sinclair agreement named for the intelligence chiefs who signed it. The German naval, foreign office, and chancellery archives were to be physically located in England, while the military, Nazi Party, and related files were to come to the United States. Each of the two countries was to be represented at the site of the other's holdings, have access to the files, and play a role in decisions about their fate. The bulk of those German records that came to the United States were deposited in a section of a World War I torpedo factory in Alexandria, Virginia, which had been made into the temporary holding center for the World War II records of the American army and American theater commands. In accordance with the admonition to turn swords into plowshares, the building is now an artists' boutique.
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Bantman, Constance. „Reencountering The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914: Archival and Historiographic Reassessments“. Revista Mundos do Trabalho 14 (08.08.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-9222.2022.e89542.
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This article follows up on the book The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914 (2013), by exploring some primary material uncovered since this publication, and considering the ways in which research into the history of anarchism as a transnational movement has evolved. In the years since the publication of this book, a great deal of research has furthered or challenged its findings, especially in relation to print culture and the study of global anarchist networks. The mass digitisation of periodicals (both anarchist and mainstream) and archives in the last ten years offers new tools to find detailed information about the personal and political lives of these elusive anarchists in London – and further afield, thus rectifying the original study’s London-centric focus. These sources are also crucial in documenting the ways in which anarchists were perceived and portrayed in Britain, France and internationally, and constructed into a major public threat through media discourse.