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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Graphène – Propriétés optiques“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Graphène – Propriétés optiques"
Zhao, Shen. „Propriétés optiques de nanorubans et boites quantiques de graphène“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript presents an experimental study on the optical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) synthesized by bottom-up chemistry.For the part on GNRs, the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra as well as the life-time measurements on the dispersion of solution-mediated synthesized GNRs implies the formation of excimer states as a result of aggregation of GNRs. By means of confocal fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we observe the emission of small GNR aggregates confirming the ability of GNRs to emit light in the solid state. On the other hand, the optical characterizations of on-surface synthesized GNRs shows remarkable Raman features, implying the distinct vibrational properties of GNRs compared to graphene and carbon nanotubes. The observed PL is spectrally broad with higher energy instead of a bright bandgap emission, which might be related to the defects created during the sample preparation.For the part on GQDs, the optical spectroscopy results indicate that GQDs are individualized in dispersions rather than in the form of aggregates. Then by means of microphotoluminescence, we directly address the intrinsic properties of single GQDs. Second-order photon correlation measurements reveal that GQDs exhibit single-photon emission with a high purity. Notably, the emission of GQDs has good photo-stability with high brightness. As a first example of the optical tunability of GQDs through the control of their structure, we observe that the emission of single edge-chlorinated GQDs is redshifted by almost 100 nm while maintaining the single-photon emission
Leszczynski, Przemyslaw. „Propriétés optiques et magnéto-optiques de systèmes électroniques purement bidimensionnels graphène“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the massive attention that graphene has attracted in recent years, there are still many unanswered questions about its fundamental properties. In this work we present the results of a series of magneto-optical experiments performed on different graphene systems. The micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy was used as our method of choice, due to its non-invasive character, powerful characterization possibilities and high spatial resolution. The high magnetic fields were used to continuously tune the energy of inter-Landau level electronic excitations into a resonance with other excitations existing in the system. The magnetic field evolution of Raman active inter-Landau level excitations, and the details of the magneto-phonon resonance, gave us important information about the details of the electron-phonon interaction in graphene. Three different types of graphene are studied in this work. The first one consists of graphene flakes that can be found on the surface of graphite. It is possibly the least investigated graphene system, yet the one that shows the highest electronic quality. In Chapter 7 we present results of our magneto-Raman scattering experiments on this system. Our method for locating these flakes with the use of the magnetic field and without it is presented. The evolution of electronic excitations in magnetic fields is discussed. The effects of temperature, excitation wavelength and different coupling to the substrate are shown. We demonstrate that at high magnetic fields a fine-structure of the principal interband electronic excitation develops and discuss it in terms of doping and electron-hole asymmetry. A new type of a resonant electron-phonon interaction is observed, which involve an inter-valley carrier scattering and an emission of a K-point phonon. An analogous process for the phonons from the vicinity of the Γ point is observed.The second studied system consists of a graphene flake encapsulated between two layers of atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). It is a representative of a novel class of materials, where different 2D crystals, are stacked on top of each other in a predefined order, to modify some properties of its constituents. Depositing graphene on a thin layer of hBN is expected to largely improve its electronic properties, as compared to graphene deposited on Si/SiO2. In Chapter 8 we present results obtained on such system. We show how spatial mapping with Raman scattering technique can be used for characterization and selective visualization of each constituent of the complex, stacked structures. A first, clear observation of a magneto-phonon resonance and L(-1,1) electronic excitation in an intrinsic, exfoliated graphene is shown. The Fermi velocity dependence on the magnetic field is demonstrated. Also, the Fermi velocity and 2D band energy dependence on the substrate is observed and discussed in terms of dielectric screening of the electron-electron interaction.The last studied system is the CVD grown graphene flake with electrical contacts. In Chapter 9 we show the results of an experiment, where strength of the electron-phonon interaction in a gated, CVD grown, graphene was successfully tuned by the applied gate voltage. We compare these results with the theoretical calculations and show that the intra-band electronic excitations play an important role in the renormalization of the phonon energy
Apretna, Thibault. „HgTe nanocrystals and graphene quantum dots for THz optoelectronics : intraband absorption, carrier dynamics and coherent THz emission“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile the applications of terahertz (THz) electomagnetic waves are very promising, their development is still currently limited by the lack of efficient sources and detectors operating at these frequencies. Indeed, this spectral domain lies outside the frequency ranges accessible by conventional electronic or optical devices. The research of new materials and concepts as well as the development of novel technologies are thus essential to fully exploit these THz waves. In this context, my thesis work aims at evaluating the potential of two new nanomaterials, large HgTe nanocrystals and large graphene quantum dots (GQD), for the development of optoelectronic devices operating at THz frequencies. We first present an in-depth study of the optical properties of HgTe nanocrystals. In particular, we have demonstrated a broad resonance in the absorption spectrum, centered around 4.5THz. We have developed a microscopic model and interpreted this absorption at THz frequencies as the result of multiple intraband transitions of single carriers between quantized electronic states. The second part of this work concerns the study of the photoresponse and the dynamics of hot carriers in HgTe nanocrystals. We report a relatively long recombination time of non-equilibrium carriers, of the order of a few picoseconds. The third part presents coherent THz emission measurements from HgTe nanocrystals under femtosecond optical excitation. We develop a formalism describing the second-order nonlinear processes and we demonstrate that the physical phenomena involved in the measured THz coherent emission are the photo-galvanic and photon-drag effects. Finally, the last part is devoted to theoretical and experimental work on the optical properties at THz frequencies of graphene quantum dots
Massabeau, Sylvain. „Optical and electronic properties of graphene quantum dots in the Terahertz spectral range“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of the present thesis is to explore the electronic and optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the THz spectral range. Using tight-binding modelling, we first calculate the energy levels of GQDs of diameters ranging from 6 to 50 nm and analyse the different nature of these energy states. We further calculate their coupling to low energy photons and determine the absorption probability spectra in the THz spectral range. We finally explore how the size, temperature and doping of the GQDs affect their absorption spectra. Secondly, we focus on the experimental investigation of the optical properties of GQDs at THz frequencies, using THz time-domain spectroscopy. Multilayer epitaxial graphene (MEG) samples are probed and then nanostructured in 107 GQDs arrays. We show that the THz response of GQDs with diameters of few tens of nm is mainly characterised by a deep absorption around 6 THz at low and room temperature. These original outcomes are supported by the theoretical analysis and are strongly different from what is observed in MEG. Finally, we study the electronic transport properties of a single GQD in the Coulomb-blockade regime. A single GQD, made of exfoliated graphene encapsulated with hBN layers, is inserted within single electron transistor coupled to a bow-tie THz antenna. Dark transport measurements in the GQD-based transistors show Coulomb blockade regime and excited states of the GQD. Finally, we provide the photoresponse of the GQD in the Coulomb blockade regime under incoherent THz illumination. These results open very exciting perspectives for the development of GQD-based devices for THz photonic applications such as THz lasers
Ubrig, Nicolas. „Optical properties of carbon based materials in high magnetic fields“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1627/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbon nanotubes are unique nano-objects with highly anisotropic electrical, magnetic and optical properties. In the past years the physics of carbon nanotubes made important steps toward the comprehension of its various complex physical properties. The optical response of nanotubes is driven by excitons. Of the sixteen possible exciton states only one decays radiatively. However a magnetic field can brighten one of the dark states. The aim of the first part of this thesis investigates the issue of the brightening of dark excitons. In the second part we use the magnetic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes to investigate their dynamic alignment in a pulsed magnetic field. Semiconducting tubes are diamagnetic both along and perpendicular to their long axis but the magnitude of the perpendicular susceptibility is higher. Metallic tubes are paramagnetic along their long axis and diamagnetic perpendicular to it. This constrains SWNT to align parallel to a magnetic field. Our data will be analysed with the aid of a theoretical model based on rotational diffusion of rigid rods. In the third part we study the magneto-optical properties of epitaxially grown multi-layer graphene. The Landau levels of graphene are different from standard two dimensional electron gases. They show a sqrt{B}dependence due to the relativistic nature of their charge carriers. We measure the system at high fields and high energies to probe the limit of massless Dirac fermions. The discovery of massless relativistic particles in graphene, a mono-layer of graphite, has completely renewed the interest in graphite. As a matter of fact graphite the optical properties of graphite are best described by bi-layer graphene. We show that the magneto-transmission experiments on thin graphite are in very good agreement with an effective bi-layer model. In addition we observe a non-predicted double structure in the graphene-like transitions which is not reported before
Solane, Pierre-Yves. „Spectroscopie optique du graphite-graphène sous champs mégagauss“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1874/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince its experimental discovery in 2004, graphene (a single layer of graphite) has attracted a lot of attention. It also leads to a renewed interest in graphite. Subsequently, both these materials have extensively been studied using different experimental techniques. In this thesis we demonstrate that transmission measurements performed in extremely high magnetic field (> 1 million times the earth's magnetic field) are a very useful tool to investigate the electronic structure of graphene and graphite. In particular, we will demonstrate that electron-hole asymmetry in graphite is caused by the often neglected free-electron kinetic energy term. This term is also present in the Hamiltonian describing electronic properties of graphene, hence it will lead to an asymmetry in graphene. Additionally, using near-infrared and visible sources from 200meV to 2eV we observe strong series of interband transitions in graphite between the four interlayer split bands (E3+, E3-, E1 and E2) up to 150 T at room temperature. The K-point electron resonances can be described well using an effective bilayer graphene model and the H-point transitions correspond to monolayer graphene. It is demonstrated that this can be reduced to a single measurement of the dispersion relation which is described by the relativistic formula where E2=m02v4 + p2v2 with v the Fermi velocity and a single particle rest energy m0v² of 385 meV for the K-point electrons and zero as expected for the H-point
Chong, Michael. „Electrically driven fluorescence of single molecule junctions“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a study of the optoelectronic properties of molecular junctions performed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). First, the molecular structures are synthesized on a Au(111) surface. Then, by manipulation we lift and suspend a molecule between the tip of the STM and the gold surface, creating a single molecule junction. By applying a voltage bias between the tip and the sample, a current is generated, which leads to the excitation of the molecule. This process is mediated by the localized surface plasmon modes of the tip. Eventually, the molecule de-excites in a radiative way, generating a fluorescence signal. We use this technique to study two different molecular junctions. First, an emitting unit (fused-porphyrin) is suspended in the junction by means of organic linkers (oligothiophene). This type of junction generates a narrow-line emission of light whose color is controlled by selecting the chemical structure of the emitting unit. Moreover, control over the linewidth is obtained by progressively detaching the emitting unit from the surface. Also, we observe red-shifted vibronic features that provide a chemical fingerprint of the emitter, and blue- shifted vibronic features that are a sign of hot-luminescence. For the second type of junctions we use graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of atomically precise width and edge structure. When lifted in the junction, GNRs with a specific type of termination (C-terminated) exhibit a light emission spectrum with a main peak and two red-shifted vibrational features. The main peak is associated to an intra-ribbon transition between a localized state (Tamm) and a delocalized state
Graef, Holger. „Dirac fermion optics and plasmonics in graphene microwave devices“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis addresses three different phenomena in the DC and GHz electronic transport properties of ballistic, hBN-encapsulated graphene: Firstly, the total internal reflection of electrons is investigated in a gate-defined corner reflector. Both geometric and coherent electron optics effects are demonstrated and the device is shown to be sensitive to minute phonon scattering rates. It is then used as a proof-of-concept for GHz electron optics experiments in graphene, paving the way for phonon time-of-flight measurements. Secondly, we introduce top-gated graphene field-effect capacitors as a platform to study ultra-long wavelength plasmons with a vector network analyzer. We simultaneously measure resistivity, capacitance and kinetic inductance. A resonance is observed at 40 GHz, corresponding to a plasmon of 100 µm wavelength. This result sets a milestone for the realization of resonant plasmonic devices and the investigation of plasmon propagation in bipolar superlattices. Finally, we move our attention to the quantum Hall breakdown in a bilayer graphene sample. DC transport and GHz noise measurements show that the elusive intrinsic breakdown field can be reached in graphene. Its signature is an abrupt increase of noise, with a super-Poissonian Fano factor. A magnetoexciton instability is proposed as the origin of breakdown
Essaddek, Abderrahim. „Sur l'insertion des alliages césium-antimoine dans le graphite“. Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLapointe, François. „Propriétés optiques dans l'infrarouge des nanotubes de carbone et du graphène“. Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10539.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbon nanotubes and graphene are sp2 hybridized carbon nanostructures which electrical and optical properties raise considerable interest for the design of a new generation of electronic devices and optically active materials. However, many challenges remain before their implementation in industrial processes on a large scale. Materials chemistry, especially covalent functionalization, is a privileged avenue to resolve the difficulties related to the processing of these nanostructures. Covalent functionalization, however, disrupts the sp2 carbon nanostructures’ crystalline structure, and pertubs not only said electrical properties, but also the deriving optical properties. It is therefore essential to characterize the effects of defects and disorder in order to understand their consequences, but also to potentially exploit the benefits. This thesis deals with the optical properties in the infrared of carbon nanotubes and graphene, with the aim to understand and explain the fundamental mechanisms at the origin of the optical response in the infrared of sp2 carbon nanostructures. Subject to strict selection rules, infrared spectroscopy measures the high frequency AC conductivity of materials in an energy range corresponding to molecular vibrations, phonon modes and low energy electronic excitations. Our experimental method is therefore to explore a parameter space defined by the three axes that are i. the dimensionality of the material, ii. the chemical potential, and iii. the disorder level, which allows us to identify the various contributions to optical properties in the infrared of sp2 carbon nanostructures. At first, we focus on the infrared spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes as a function of doping and disorder level. We start by amending the commonly accepted origin of single-walled carbon nanotubes vibrational spectra. Using controlled chemical doping experiments, we show that the anomalies in the carbon nanotube spectra appear through electron-phonon interactions. The Fano resonance model provides a phenomenological explanation for the observations. Then, we establish the existence of localized states induced by covalent functionalization, which appear as a surface plasmon polariton resonance (nanoantenna) contributing to the terahertz conductivity peak. Control of the disorder level in carbon nanotube films allows us to observe the evolution of the nanoantenna resonance. We therefore conclude to an effective segmentation of the nanotubes by the grafts. Finally, we show that disorder activates phonon modes that are usually forbidden by infrared spectroscopy’s selection rules. Disorder-induced infrared activity originates from elastic collisions on defects that give access to phonon modes with non-zero wave vectors. In a second part, we focus on the properties of graphene. First, we demonstrate an electrografting method to rapidly functionalize graphene with high-density, regardless of the substrate. Subsequently, we use electrografting to show that disorder activates chemical potential dependent anomalies in the vibrational spectra of single-layer graphene. These anomalies are absent in the spectra of pristine samples. In order to explain this phenomenon, we present a theory based on the interaction of intraband optical transitions, phonon modes and elastic collisions. We conclude by studying the infrared spectra of graphene with bilayer islands, for which we propose to review the nature of the coupling mechanism in the light of our findings on single-layer graphene.
Bücher zum Thema "Graphène – Propriétés optiques"
Graphene Science Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGraphene Science Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGraphene Science Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGraphene Science Handbook. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAli, Nasar, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, William I. Milne, Cengiz S. Ozkan und Stanislaw Mitura. Graphene Science Handbook: Fabrication Methods. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAli, Nasar, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, William I. Milne, Cengiz S. Ozkan und Stanislaw Mitura. Graphene Science Handbook: Applications and Industrialization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAli, Nasar, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, William I. Milne, Cengiz S. Ozkan und Stanislaw Mitura. Graphene Science Handbook: Applications and Industrialization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAli, Nasar, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, William I. Milne, Cengiz S. Ozkan und Stanislaw Mitura. Graphene Science Handbook: Size-Dependent Properties. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGraphene Science Handbook: Mechanical and Chemical Properties. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenAli, Nasar, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, William I. Milne, Cengiz S. Ozkan und Stanislaw Mitura. Graphene Science Handbook: Nanostructure and Atomic Arrangement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden