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Thematische Bibliographien / Grammatica Amharica

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Grammatica Amharica“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Grammatica Amharica"

1

Ahland, Michael. „From topic to subject“. Studies in Language 33, Nr. 3 (23.07.2009): 685–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.3.06ahl.

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The predicative possessive construction in Amharic exhibits a mismatch in grammatical coding: the possessor receives object marking on the verb while the overt NP exhibits phenomena associated with nominative case in Amharic. This article investigates the mismatch in light of its historical development as attested in archaisms found in proverbs and old Biblical texts, examines both overt and covert syntactic properties of the possessor today, and also considers evidence from other related constructions. The possessive construction developed from the existential construction where the possessor corresponded to a locative/recipient and today shows evidence of developing subject status.

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Kramer, Ruth. „Gender in Amharic: a morphosyntactic approach to natural and grammatical gender“. Language Sciences 43 (Mai 2014): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.10.004.

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3

Mulu, Alemebante, und Vishal Goyal. „Context-Based Text Completion System for Amharic Language“. JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 66, Nr. 03 (2022): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2022.660326.

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This paper discusses the practical aspects of easiness in communication using Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing, correcting misspelt words and checking the grammatical mistakes. There are different data entry mechanisms to insert a text on the computer machine as well as a mobile device, such as a keyboard, soft keys, speech etc. The paper proposed to develop a contextbased auto text completion system for the Amharic language specifically to correct misspelling on Short Message Service (SMS), E-mailing and helps to correct the grammar mistakes as well. Data entry technique can be inserted with the support of text completion (predictive) or non-predictive. Therefore, we are using a statistical model, Predictive Partial Match (PPM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approaches for implementing the Amharic contextbased text completion system. Since the system is developed by using the context-based and statistical model, we adopted the Amharic Part of Speech (POS) tagger system. For training and testing the system, we are using 395,464 unique words with frequency and 750,000 sentences that has been prepared by the Walta Information Centre (WIA) and Ethiopia News Agency (ENA). All those data have been used to build the Amharic dictionary, the corpus of the system and to calculate the frequency occurrences of each word as well. Finally, the results show a 14% improvement from traditional frequency-based Amharic word prediction system.

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4

Gensler, Orin D. „Grammaticalization of qәl ‘gourd’ in Amharic“. Afrika und Übersee 93 (31.12.2020): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.212.

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The Amharic word qəl ‘gourd’ represents a rare case where a plant term serves as the source of a grammaticalization chain. The development occurred in two stages, first metaphoric change, then grammaticalization proper: gourd > skull/head > Intensive (never Plain) Reflexive (‘he himself, etc.’). This process was entangled with the grammatical evolution of two other words, ras and gəll. Ras, which is the basic unmarked term for ‘head’, as such underwent the basic unmarked grammaticalization into a Plain Reflexive (and only secondarily into an Intensive Reflexive). The other word, gəll ‘separate, individual’, phonetically quite similar to qəl but with no etymological connection to ‘head’, grammaticalized directly to the meaning ‘one’s own, by oneself’, thence secondarily to an Intensive Reflexive (but never a Plain Reflexive). Thus two near-synonyms (qəl, ras ‘head’) underwent two parallel grammaticalizations, but yielding different results: qəl, unlike ras, was never a Plain Reflexive. Why? The distinctive semantic evolution of qəl, I suggest, was partly driven by its phonetic similarity to the historically unrelated gəll, which also was never a Plain Reflexive. The phonetic similarity helped to foster a semantic attraction between the two grammaticalizing morphemes.

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Rouaud, Alain. „De quand date le Manuale d'Afä-Wärq Gäbrä-Iyäsus?“ Aethiopica 1 (13.09.2013): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.1.1.653.

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At the end of his life when he was the Ethiopian ambassador in Italy, Afä-Wärq (1868–1947) published a short handbook of Amharic language for Italians. Several chronological cross-checkings make us sure that the book has been published in 1934 or 1936. But most probably we may trace back the grammatical and ideological contents to the beginning of this century. It shows that Afä-Wärq had kept fidelity to his first ideas in favour of a modern Ethiopia.

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6

Miftah, Mohammed. „Analysis of Morphological Shifts Gender and Number Shift Observed in the Translation of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic“. International Journal of Social Sciences 6, Nr. 24 (20.02.2022): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.24.3.

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Abstract In this article, morphological shifts, number and gender shits observed in the translation of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic have been discussed and analyzed. Shifts in agreement in number and gender between parts of a sentence have been discussed. From the discussion given in the article one can conclude that agreement in number and gender is sensitive to word order in Arabic. For example, when the subject follows the verb the suffixes that show agreement are absent, but they are obligatorily present if the subject precedes the verb. Therefore, sometimes agreement in number and gender may not be strict in Arabic. However, in Amharic there should always be strict agreement in gender and number. Therefore shifts in number and gender have been obligatorily made by the translators of the Holy Qur’aan from Arabic into Amharic to produce grammatical sentences in the target language structure. However, in some instances, as discussed in the article, the translators closely adhered to the source language structure which produced ungrammatical or unknown structures in the target language structure. This may make some structures in the target text incomprehensible. Key Words: Source text, target text, target language structure, morphological shifts, gender and number Shift

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7

Daniel, Aberra. „Grammaticalization of the Amharic word fit face from a body part to grammatical meanings“. Journal of Languages and Culture 7, Nr. 9 (31.10.2016): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jlc2016.0364.

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8

Wagner, Ewald. „Betrachtungen zu Harariner grammatischen Termini“. Aethiopica 17 (19.12.2014): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.17.1.863.

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In 1986, Abdurahmān Maḥamad Qorām published a Harari Grammar which made him the first Harari to describe his mother tongue in the language, itself. For this purpose he had to invent a grammatical terminology in Harari. 26 years later, Ali Naji, also a native speaker, used in his book on Harari grammar almost the same terms. That shows that Qorām’s terminology has won acceptance in the meantime.The present article investigates the means which Qorām applied to create the new terminology. Rarely he took over the terms of foreign languages unchanged. More often he translated Arabic, English and Amharic terms. In most cases, however, he formed new expressions, exploiting the inherent lingusitic possibilities of the Harari language.

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T.Y., Zeleke. „Valency Increasing in South Ethio-Semitic“. Macrolinguistics 10, Nr. 16 (30.06.2022): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.16.5.

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The present paper focuses on a descriptive method of valency-increasing devices in five South Ethio-Semitic languages (Amharic, Harari, Kɨstane, Məsqan, and Endəgaɲ). The five languages were selected for two reasons. The first reason is that conducting a valency study on all South Ethio-Semitic languages would have been impossible. With limited resources and time, it will prove difficult to cover all languages. The second reason is that, except for Amharic, these languages are known for being the least studied. Most of them even lack sufficient recording and description. So this research needs to choose the representative language in each branch. As a result, no explicit theoretical framework is followed; data analysis is guided solely by a descriptive perspective. The study’s data was gathered by consulting native speakers via elicitation. Valency has been considered as both a semantic and syntactic notion. As a semantic notion, it is used to refer to the participants in an event; as a syntactic notion, it is used to indicate the number of arguments in a construction. There are different types of transitivity classes of verbs in the South Ethio-Semitic Language, which is spoken in Ethiopia: intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive. Apart from these, there are verbs that can be used both intransitively and transitively. The facts that provide clear evidence for grammatical relations in South Ethio-Semitic languages are crucial to the study of the concept of valency-increasing devices. As is the case in many languages, South Ethio-Semitic languages possess morphosyntactic means through which the valency of verbs can be adjusted. The application of these morphosyntactic processes decreases or increases the valency of verbs. This article looks at valency-increasing devices in Causative and Applicative South Ethio-Semitic languages.

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Amberber, Mengistu. „The grammatical encoding of thinking in Amharic“. Cognitive Linguistics 14, Nr. 2-3 (12.01.2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2003.008.

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Mehr Quellen

Bücher zum Thema "Grammatica Amharica"

1

Ludolf, Hiob. Grammatica Amharica. Halle (Saale): Wissenschaftspublizistik der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, DDR, 1986.

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2

Titov, E. G. Grammatika amkharskogo i͡a︡zyka. Moskva: "Nauka," Glav. red. vostochnoĭ lit-ry, 1991.

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3

Demeke, Girma A. Grammatical changes in Semitic: A diachronic grammar of Amharic. Princeton, NJ: WibTaye Publishers, 2014.

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4

Supplement to Grammatica Amharica, Grammatica Aethiopica. Halle (Saale): Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 1986.

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5

Ullendorff, Edward. Amharic Chrestomathy: Introduction, Grammatical Tables, Texts, Amharic-English Glossary. Taylor & Francis Group, 2005.

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6

The Kemantney Language: A sociolinguistic and grammatical study of language replacement. Köln: Köppe, 2003.

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7

Huang, Minyao, und Kasia M. Jaszczolt, Hrsg. Expressing the Self. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.001.0001.

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This book addresses different linguistic and philosophical aspects of referring to the self in a wide range of languages from different language families, including Amharic, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Newari (Sino-Tibetan), Polish, Tariana (Arawak), and Thai. In the domain of speaking about oneself, languages use a myriad of expressions that cut across grammatical and semantic categories, as well as a wide variety of constructions. Languages of Southeast and East Asia famously employ a great number of terms for first-person reference to signal honorification. The number and mixed properties of these terms make them debatable candidates for pronounhood, with many grammar-driven classifications opting to classify them with nouns. Some languages make use of egophors or logophors, and many exhibit an interaction between expressing the self and expressing evidentiality qua the epistemic status of information held from the ego perspective. The volume’s focus on expressing the self, however, is not directly motivated by an interest in the grammar or lexicon, but instead stems from philosophical discussions of the special status of thoughts about oneself, known as de se thoughts. It is this interdisciplinary understanding of expressing the self that underlies this volume, comprising philosophy of mind at one end of the spectrum and cross-cultural pragmatics of self-expression at the other. This unprecedented juxtaposition results in a novel method of approaching de se and de se expressions, in which research methods from linguistics and philosophy inform each other. The importance of this interdisciplinary perspective on expressing the self cannot be overemphasized. Crucially, the volume also demonstrates that linguistic research on first-person reference makes a valuable contribution to research on the self tout court, by exploring the ways in which the self is expressed, and thereby adding to the insights gained through philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Grammatica Amharica"

1

Amberber, Mengistu. „Amharic“. In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 414—C21P148. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.21.

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Abstract This chapter covers Amharic, which is the working language of the Federal Government of Ethiopia. Amharic belongs to the Transversal branch of South Ethiosemitic within the Ethiosemitic language family. It is one of the best studied Ethiosemitic languages with a rich body of grammatical description going back to the 17th century. Furthermore, due to its role as a medium of instruction in schools, it has a number of traditional and pedagogical grammars including monolingual dictionaries going back to the 1930s. The Amharic writing system, known as Fidel, is an alpha-syllabary or abugida. Diachronically, there is evidence to suggest that Modern Amharic is distinct from Old Amharic both in terms of phonology and morphosyntax. Amharic has a root-and-pattern morphology which is more prevalent with verbs rather than with other word classes. There are two clearly open lexical classes: verbs and nouns. There is no obvious morphological distinction between common nouns and adjectives nor between common nouns and adverbs. The closed lexical classes are adpositions, conjunctions, copulas, demonstratives, interjections, and pronouns. Amharic is a nominative-accusative language with differential case marking properties: the nominative is unmarked while the accusative is marked typically if the noun is definite/specific. Verbs are marked for agreement: obligatorily for subject agreement but often optionally for object/oblique agreement. There are valency-decreasing and valency-increasing derivations. The former includes the passive, reflexive, anticausative and reciprocal, while the latter includes the causative and applicative. The unmarked constituent order in Amharic is SOV.

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2

„Manner of movement in Amharic“. In Grammatical and Sociolinguistic aspects of Ethiopian Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.48.07yim.

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3

„An acoustic analysis of Amharic fricatives“. In Grammatical and Sociolinguistic aspects of Ethiopian Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.48.13ado.

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4

Bryant, Michael. „Suri (Tirmaga-Chai)“. In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 834—C37P212. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.37.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the Tirmaga-Chai language recorded among the Suri people living in Southwest Ethiopia near the border of South Sudan. Dizi, Suri (Kacipo-Balesi), and Amharic are the languages with the most contact with Suri, especially with Amharic as the language of wider communication in Ethiopia. The Tirmaga-Chai, and Suri Woreda representatives have chosen their orthography based on a modified Roman script with the indication of grammatical tone. Tirmaga-Chai has an inventory of 22 consonants and 7 vowels which have suprasegmental features such as vowel length, gemination and tone. The language is fairly polysynthetic with most morphemes being agglutinative, although some are fusional. It predominately has SVO word order and is considered to be a nominative-accusative language.

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Gensler, Orin D. „Ethiopian English“. In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 1149—C48P118. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.48.

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Abstract This chapter presents a detailed structural account of the salient points of “Ethiopian English” (EE): English as it is actually spoken and written in Ethiopia. As far as I know, it is the first description of this sort. Although highly distinctive, EE is undiscussed in studies of African Englishes. There have been articles on “English in Ethiopia”, but these are almost entirely sociolinguistic in nature (variations on the theme “the role of English vs. Amharic in Ethiopia”). This study, by contrast, is heavily descriptive, structural and grammatical, and only minimally sociolinguistic. Methodologically, a major point is the phonological insight into EE to be gained by studying the nature of spelling mistakes. Typologically, in every sphere (phonology, morphosyntax, lexicon and phraseology), EE reveals itself over and over as a near-clone of Amharic --- a textbook case of substratal influence.

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Wetter, Andreas. „Argobba“. In The Oxford Handbook of Ethiopian Languages, 443—C22P153. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728542.013.22.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the grammar of Argobba, an Ethiosemitic minority language closely related to Amharic. The grammatical sketch comprises the outline of the phoneme inventory and the explanation of morphophonological processes, a description of the verbal and the nominal systems, as well as an introduction in to the syntax of the language. Argobba is an understudied language with several regional varieties which seem not be mutual intelligible. This chapter provides the first grammatical description of the most northerly Argobba variety spoken in the two villages of Shonke and T’ollaħa. It is characterized by many archaic features such as retention of pharyngal consonants, a much more complex verb morphology and allomorphy in object indexes.

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