Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Gomme de T. cordifolia“

Tinospora cordifolia is known as Giloe and Guduchi, with significant importance in the traditional medicinal systems. It is dioeciously plant. It is mostly used in Ayurved system. It is also known as a ‘Rasayans’ of medicinal system, which develops immune system of the body and protect against infection. The aim of this study is carried out to analyse the phytochemical compounds in leaves and stem extracts of T. cordifolia by using phytochemical screening tests and estimate total flavonoid content (TFC) by using aluminium chloride method in the sample extracts. The leaf and stem extracts of T. cordifolia expressed the presence of several phytochemicals viz., flavonoids, amino acids, diterpines, protein, saponins and carbohydrates. The result of phytochemical screening tests revealed that diterpines and carbohydrates are positive in all extracts of T. cordifolia, but flavonoids and saponins only present in methanol and ethanol extracts. TFC of T. cordifolia was higher in ethanolic leaves extracts than mathanolic leaves extracts. The studies justify that T. cordifolia use in traditional medicines. The investigation further proposed that the phytochemicals present in stems and leaves of T. cordifolia, which can be use as natural antioxidants in medicinal drugs. Keywords: Tinospora cordifolia, Phytochemicals, Flavonoids

Triumfetta cordifolia is a medicinal plant that has been widely utilized in Africa for its therapeutic properties in treating various ailments. The purpose of this research was to investigate phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of T. cordifolia. Standard methods were employed to conduct qualitative phytochemical screening of the plant extract. This study used the DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power method to assess antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis of T. cordifolia leaves indicated the existence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids but no anthraquinones. In the DPPH scavenging test, the IC50 value of the methanolic extract was discovered to be 1.29 µg/mL, and the standard reference value for ascorbic acid was 2.14 µg/mL. The leaf extract of T. cordifolia displayed stronger inhibition of DPPH activity, showing a higher potency than ascorbic acid. The DPPH scavenging activity was also shown to increase with concentration. In FRAP assay, the T. cordifolia leaf extract and the ascorbic acid revealed reducing power of 71.01±0.15 and 548.39±1.62 μM Fe2+ per mg of extract, respectively. The FRAP assay demonstrated that ascorbic acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the leaf extract of T. cordifolia. The presence of flavonoids and phenols in T. cordifolia leaves may account for the observed antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the study's findings suggest that that T. cordifolia leaf extract could be a source of lead compounds with promising antioxidant activity.

Tinospora cordifolia (wild) Hook.f. (Thomas) is an important medicinal plant distributed throughout in Sri Lanka and commonly known as Rasakinda in Sinhala and Giloy in English. It is widely used in Sri Lankan traditional medical system and Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, fever, arthritis, skin diseases and for Rasayana (rejuvenating) therapies due to its anti-inflammatory, hypoglyceamic, immunomodulatory, antioxident, anti-allergy, antipyretic, antiarthritic and various other medicinal properties. Imported T. cordifolia stems and Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems can be found in Sri Lankan herbal market. Moreover, different varieties of Tinospora species known as Tikthakinda, Bukinda and Gatakinda are available in the market under the name of Rasakinda which leads to adulteration. Hence, in this research an attempt was made to develop standards for genuine T. cordifolia grown in Sri Lanka. Stems of T. cordifolia evaluated for macroscopical, microscopical, physico-chemical, phytochemical constituents, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint patterns. Microscopical examinations of T. cordifolia stem exhibited the wheel shaped appearance at the transverse cut surface, which is a main characteristic feature of the family Menespermaceae. Stem also showed the mucilage cells and abundant starch granules. Percentages of total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash, were 9.1%+0.1, 2.31%+0.1, <0.1% respectively. Among the percentages of extractable matter of T. cordifolia, highest amount was shown in hot water extract (16.2 %+0.3). Heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb) were within the limits given in WHO guidelines. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. TLC fingerprint of T. cordifolia was developed using butanol: ethyl acetate: acetic acid: water in a ratio of 5: 8: 6:2 v/v and compared with one of its marker compound, Berberine. The HPTLC fingerprint patt ern of T. cordifolia showed a spot bearing the same Rf value corresponds to Berberine, at wavelength 254 nm. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study can be used as a standard reference for Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems.

Background: Guduchi, also known as an Amrita, is one of the important medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. Though Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Miers, considered as the official botanical source plant of Guduchi other two species such as Tinospora malabarica (Lam.) Hook. f. &Thomson and Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson are also used as a source plant in different parts of India. Though it looks very similar in morphological characters, the micrometric differentiation of two species that is T. cordifolia and T. malabarica are still lacking. Aim: To differentiate the two species of Tinospora through micrometric analysis. Materials and methods: This study portrays both authenticate fresh stem and leaf and with their powdered samples standard histochemical materials, and other laboratory equipment. Result: T. cordifolia and T. malabarica are deciduous woody climbers. The Habitats of both plants are different. T. cordifolia having more prominent lenticels than that of T. malabarica. Main differentiating feature present in the leaf is the presence of trichomes. Most abundant uniseriate trichomes are present in T. malabarica. Trichomes are absent in T. cordifolia. Conclusion: Present data may encourage researchers to use the various dimensions of the research to flourish the different species of Guduchi.

The taxonomic status of Sloanea cordifolia has been questionable as a variation of S. tomentosa by Coode. After field investigations, careful examination of herbarium specimens, the results showed that the flower of S. cordifolia is similar to S. tomentosa, and the difference between these two species is hair-related only. The statistical analysis revealed S. cordifolia and S. tomentosa clearly belong to the category of short prickles compared to species throughout the area; prick length of S. longiaculeatae is shorter compared to S. mollis, but the discontinuity is not particularly obvious; the width showed S. longiaculeatae is different from S. mollis, and S. cordifolia is larger than S. tomentosa. It is also the first time that the description of Sloanea cordifolia was completed. S. cordifolia K. M. Feng ex Hung T. Chang treated as Sloanea tomentosa (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson var. cordifolia (K. M. Feng ex Hung T. Chang) Y. F. Xie & Z. X. Zhang. The new species Sloanea longiaculeatae have been described and illustrated.

Mitigation and control of bacterial corrosion must have been prioritized for failure anticipation by corrosion associated with microorganisms. Using synthetic inhibitor for material protection from corrosion have problems because it is not eco-friendly. This work conducted preliminary studies on T. cordifolia stem extracts at various methanol ratios against P. aeruginosa biofilm as a new eco-friendly inhibitor. The T. cordifolia stem was extracted by the maceration method with a different ratio of methanol solvent (100, 75 and 50 %). The bacterial activity was assessed using the dilution method (MTT assay) to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Follin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric, respectively. Meanwhile, the structure of the active compounds in the extract was identified by using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The yields of T. cordifolia extracts are 9.45, 7.56 and 8.40 % at 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol ratios, respectively. The total phenolic content (TPC) in crude methanol extract of T. cordifolia is 11.20, 9.46 and 6.56 % for 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol ratios. Meanwhile, the flavonoid content (TFC) was obtained is about 5.25, 0.64 and 0.33 % for 100, 75 and 50 % of methanol concentrations, respectively. The T. cordifolia extract has antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa in all ratios of methanol concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of T. cordifolia methanol extract was found at 4096 µg/mL. Methanol solvent concentration with the most active antibacterial activity of the extract was 50 %, followed by 75 and 100 %. The structures of the active compound in the methanolic extract of T. cordifolia are a phenolic group, and it is in the alkaloid derivatives (Calopiptin, d-Lirioferine (Lirioferine), Moupinamide, Piperanine, and Yuanhunine). HIGHLIGHTS The crude methanol extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem has potential against aeruginosa in the marine environment The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found at 4096 µg/mL of extract in a ratio of 50:50 (v/v) of methanol to water The compound structures in cordifolia methanol extracts are Calopiptin, d-Lirioferine (Lirioferine), Moupinamide, Piperanine, and Yuanhunine GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants contained an impressive number of modern drugs and are believed to be a precious natural reservoir that has been continuously studied for its pharmacological activities against various ailments. Tinospora cordifolia and Justicia adhatoda are widely used shrubs in folk and ayurvedic systems of medicine. Phytochemical screening of different fractions of the extract of the bark of T. cordifolia and leaf, stem, and flowers of J. adhatoda was done and results show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides, terpenoids in both plants. The antibacterial potency of medicinal plant extracts has been tested against Bacillus subtilis ATC6051 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 by disc diffusion assay. The leaves extract of J. adhatoda showed good antibacterial activities towards both the Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis bacteria, however, the extract of T. cordifolia was found not soo effective with those bacteria. The methanol extract of T. cordifolia stem showed the strongest 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 8.213μg/mL very close to standard ascorbic acid (22.451 μg/mL). Furthermore, results showed that T. cordifolia is a good source of antioxidants as compared to the J. adhatoda. The total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in methanolic extract of T. cordifolia (46.463 mg GAE/g extract) while the J. adhatoda had lower values (31.167 mg GAE/g extract) by taking gallic acid as a standard. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was highest in methanol extract of J. adhatoda leaves (13.030 mg QE/g extract) while T. cardifolia had lower values (2.112 mg QE/g extract) which were determined by taking quercetin as a standard. The result revealed that the TPC is higher in T. cordifolia and TFC value higher in J. adhatoda and that can be correlated with the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phytoconstituents although the plants have been used for the similar ethnomedical purpose in society.

Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and China. The whole plant is used in folk and the Ayurvedic system of medicine alone and in combination with other plants. Due to its commercial importance, T. cordifolia has been of intense research interest for the last four decades with the isolation of diverse compounds such as alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, phenolics, steroids, aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides, along with the discovery of a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties like immunomodulation, anticancer, hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic. Although pharmacological activities of extracts and compounds of T. cordifolia have been studied both in vitro and in vivo, only few mechanisms of action have been explored and need further elaboration. In the present review, the pharmacological activities of compounds and different extracts of T. cordifolia are highlighted, along with those of the marketed products, showing the relevance of phytochemicals and the standardization of the marketed products for medicinal use. This compilation of the extensive literature of T. cordifolia here will be a referral point for clinical study and the development of standardized phytomedicines in healthcare.

In the present study, novel genomic-SSR (g-SSR) markers generated in our laboratory were used to characterize Tinospora cordifolia and related species. The g-SSR marker was also compared with EST-SSR and SCoT markers used earlier in our laboratory to assess the genetic diversity of T. cordifolia. A total of 26 accessions of T. cordifolia and 1 accession each of Tinospora rumphii and Tinospora sinensis were characterized using 65 novel g-SSR markers. A total of 125 alleles were detected with 49 polymorphic g-SSR markers. The number of alleles per locus varied from 1–4 with a mean value of 2.55 alleles per locus. Mean PIC, gene diversity, and heterozygosity were estimated to be 0.33, 0.41, and 0.65, respectively. The two species, namely T. rumphii and T. sinensis, showed cross-species transferability of g-SSRs developed in T. cordifolia. The success rate of cross-species transferability in T. rumphii was 95.3% and 93.8% in T. sinensis, proving the usefulness of this marker in genetic diversity studies of related species. The Tinospora accessions were also used for molecular characterization using SCoT and EST-SSR markers and compared for genetic diversity and cross-species transferability. The PIC, gene diversity, heterozygosity, and principal coordinate analysis showed that g-SSR is the better maker for a genetic diversity study of T. cordifolia. Additionally, high cross-species transferability of g-SSRs was found (95.3% and 93.8%) compared to EST-SSRs (68.8% and 67.7%) in T. rumphii and T. sinensis, respectively.

Blood is crucial for the human body's health and survival. It carries out a variety of functions, including as delivering nutrients and oxygen. RBCs, WBCs, plasma, and platelets are the blood's major four constituents. It serves as a pathological sign for the condition of animals under different situations and toxicant exposure. This work aimed to explore the in vivo therapeutic mechanism of Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extracts against the haematotoxic effects of HgCl2. Ameliorative effect of T.cordifolia aqueous extract was evaluated in two groups of rats, including a treated group and a control group. The treated group was divided into following subgroups, I: HgCl2 treated, subgroup II: HgCl2 + T. cordifolia treated, subgroup III: T. cordifolia treated. These treated subgroups were further divided into 5 set of rats, one for acute (1d), three for sub-acute (7, 14 and 28ds), and one for sub-chronic (60 ds) study. The controls were run simultaneously. Male Wistar rats were given aqueous extracts of T. cordifolia (400 mg/kg body weight, orally, once daily) along with HgCl2 treatments. Dose of HgCl2 administered to animals after calculation of LD50 (25 mg/kg body weight). Animals used in acute, sub-acute, and sub-chronic studies of mercuric chloride received 1/10, 1/50, and 1/100 of the calculated LD50. This corresponds to 2.5, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg respectively. In mercury-treated mice, significant reductions in WBC, RBC, Hb, PCV and platelet count were also observed. These HgCl2-related effects were circumvented by regular intake of T. cordifolia aqueous extract. These results show that T. cordifolia protects against HgCl2 poisoning.

Les polysaccharides sont omniprésents dans le quotidien de l’homme à travers leur implication dans des domaines vitaux dont l’alimentation, la cosmétique, les domaines pharmaceutique et biomédicaux (…) où ils assurent des fonctions très variées. Ce caractère versatile couplé à leur grande disponibilité, leur caractère biocompatible et biodégradable, avec une toxicité limitée, et leurs propriétés biologiques recherchées, en font des ingrédients de prédilection pour de nombreuses industries, ce qui explique leur forte demande au détriment d’ingrédients moins recommandables à l’exemple de polymères pétrosourcés.Ce travail s’inscrit dans la recherche d’alternatives vertes pouvant valablement substituer les polymères synthétiques et contribuer à satisfaire la demande grandissante en ingrédients naturels pour de nombreuses industries intéressées à développer des formulations limitant l’usage d’ingrédients pétrosourcés. L’une des stratégies pour y parvenir consiste à explorer de ‘‘nouvelles’’ ressources disponibles de la biomasse au profil recherché. L’un des candidats potentiels est la gomme de T. cordifolia, une ressource aux propriétés singulières, utilisée depuis de nombreuses générations dans l’alimentation et la médecine Africaine, mais encore sous-étudiée et sous-exploitée.Le but de ce travail était d’apporter une meilleure connaissance et compréhension des propriétés de la gomme de T. cordifolia, puis de démontrer par la suite son potentiel de valorisation. Pour cela il a été essentiel de développer dans un premier temps une méthode d’extraction efficace et reproductible, capable de produire une gomme de haute pureté et à bon rendement, d’effectuer ensuite une série de caractérisations chimiques, physico-chimiques et rhéologiques, avant de mener enfin des essais de valorisation. De cette manière, nous avons pu accéder aux propriétés intrinsèques de la gomme à l’exemple de la composition chimique et monosaccharidique, la viscosité intrinsèque, les régimes de concentrations, les propriétés viscoélastiques en fonction de divers paramètres (concentration de gomme, température, pH, nature et concentration saline) et avons par la suite démontré son potentiel comme émulsifiant et stabilisant d’émulsions dès les faibles concentrations, un potentiel dû à la fois à son excellente capacité d’abaisser la tension superficielle de l’eau, à sa capacité de texturation marquée, ainsi qu’à son caractère polyélectrolyte.En somme, de par ses propriétés intrinsèques et fonctionnelles très marquées, la gomme de T. cordifolia présente un certain nombre de propriétés, en solution comme en émulsion, qui en font un candidat à fort potentiel de valorisation comme ingrédient multifonctionnel pour la formulation d’émulsions vertes et innovantes
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous in everyday human life, through their involvement in vital fields such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine (...), where they perform a wide variety of functions. Their versatility, combined with their availability, biocompatibility and biodegradability, with limited toxicity, and their relevant biological properties, make them the ingredients of choice for many industries, which explains their high demand to the detriment of less recommendable ingredients such as petro-based polymers.This work focuses on the search for green alternatives that can validly replace synthetic polymers and help meet the growing demand for natural ingredients from many industries interested in developing formulations that limit the use of petroleum-based ingredients. One strategy for achieving this is to explore "new" biomass resources with the desired profile. One potential candidate is T. cordifolia gum, a resource with singular properties that has been used for many generations in African food and medicine, but is still under-studied and under-exploited.The aim of this work was to gain a better knowledge and understanding of the properties of T. cordifolia gum, and then to demonstrate its valuation potential. To achieve this, it was essential to develop an efficient and reproducible extraction method capable of producing high-purity gum with good yields, then to carry out a series of chemical, physico-chemical and rheological characterizations, before proceeding with valorization trials. In this way, T. cordifolia gum's intrinsic properties, such as chemical and monosaccharide composition, intrinsic viscosity, concentration regimes and viscoelastic properties as a function of various parameters (gum concentration, temperature, pH and salt concentration) were elucidated, and its potential as emulsifier and stabilizer in oil-in-water emulsions was demonstrated at very low concentrations; a potential due to its excellent ability to lower the surface tension of water, its marked texturizing ability and its polyelectrolyte nature.All in all, the relevant intrinsic and functional properties of T. cordifolia gum, both in solution and in emulsion, make it a very promising candidate for use as a multifunctional ingredient in the formulation of innovative green emulsions

Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia), commonly known as Guduchi, is extensively utilized in traditional and Ayurvedic medicine, including Ayurvedic 'Rasayanas,' to enhance the immune system and serve as a general tonic. It is valued for its anti-periodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and anti-diabetic properties. Numerous studies have explored the health benefits of different parts of the Guduchi plant, with a predominant focus on T. cordifolia stem powder microscopy. In this investigation, stem powders microscopy of T. cordifolia were done through compound microscope. The morphology of the powders was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Tinospora cordifolia is a Rasayana herb of Ayurveda, commonly known as “Heavenly Elixir” or “Amrita”, and one of the most exploited herbs in herbal medicines. T. cordifolia is well reported for its various pharmacological properties, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders is increasing worldwide. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are among the major pathologic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter discusses the pieces of scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of T. cordifolia in various brain-related ailments. Various research groups have demonstrated the ability of T. cordifolia and its extracts to normalize oxidative stress and suppress the inflammatory response against various causative agents, and thus suggested that T. cordifolia has the potential to be a neurotherapeutic drug candidate in the future.

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. &amp; Thomson belongs to the family Menispermaceae. The origin of the species is from Indian subcontinent to Indo-China. The plant has antipyretic, antiperiodic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, spasmolytic, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective properties. Due to over-exploitation of this medicinally important species, attention has been given to its conservation through invitro micropropagation techniques. The present chapter emphasizes the ample research work on in-vitro regeneration and enhancement of secondary metabolites from T. cordifolia. Additional information on the importance of this genus in various systems of medicine, active components, biological activities and its sustainable utilization for the welfare of mankind is also discussed in the present chapter.