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1
Maugeri, Giuseppe, und Graziano Serragiotto. L’insegnamento della lingua italiana in Giappone Uno studio di caso sul Kansai. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-525-4.
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This research stems from the need of the Italian Cultural Institute to map the institutions involved in teaching Italian in the area considered and to analyse the quality of the teaching and learning process of the Italian language. The objectives are multiple and linked to the importance of finding the causes that slow the growth of the study of Italian in Japanese Kansai. Therefore, the first part of this action research will outline the cultural and linguistic education coordinates that characterize the Japanese context; in the second part, the research data will be interpreted in order to trace new methodological development trajectories to increase the quality of the Italian teaching process in Kansai.Part 1 This part focuses on the situation of foreign language teaching in Japan. It also describes the strategies to promote the teaching of the Italian language in Japan from 1980 to now. 1 Modern Language Policy in Japan Between Past and Present This first chapter describes linguistic policy for the promotion of foreign languages in Japan by the Ministry of Education (MEXT). 2 Japanese Educational System Focus of this chapter are the cultural, pedagogical and linguistic education characteristics of the context under investigation. 3 Teaching Italian Language in Japan The purpose of this chapter is to outline the general frame of the spreading of the Italian cultural model in a traditional Japanese context. Part 2In the second part the action research and the training project design are described. 4 The Action-Research Project This chapter describes the overall design of the research and the research questions that inspired an investigation in the context under study. The aim is to understand whether there is a link between the methodological choices of the teachers and the difficulties in learning Italian for Japanese students. Part 3 In this third part, the situation of teaching Italian in relation to different learning contexts in Japanese Kansai will be examined. 5 A Case Study at Italian Culture Institute in Osaka The goals of this chapter are to analyse the problems of teaching Italian at the IIC and suggest methodological improvement paths for teachers of Italian language at IIC. 6 A Case Study at Osaka University The data obtained by the informants will be used to analyse the situation of the teaching of Italian at Department of Italian language of this university and suggest curricular and methodological improvements to increase the quality of teaching and learning Italian. 7 A Case Study at Kyoto Sangyo University The chapter outlines the methodological and technical characteristics used to teach Italian at Kyoto Sangyo University and suggests strategies aimed at enhancing students’ language learning.
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Halbesleben, Jonathon, und Tom Bellairs. What Are the Motives for Employees to Exhibit Citizenship Behavior?: A Review of Prosocial and Instrumental Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Herausgegeben von Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie und Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.16.
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In this chapter, we review the literature concerning motives for engaging in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and frame this review within the broader literature on the functional, goal-driven approach to behavior. We extend this approach by viewing OCB in a context of one’s future work self—aspirations based on one’s salient view of his or her future in a work context—and how individuals can accomplish many goals through a single behavior (i.e., multifinality) or substitute various means (i.e., equifinality) in order to best satisfy goal-driven approaches to connect individuals to their ideal future work selves. In essence, we argue that people are motivated to select behaviors that give them the best opportunity to achieve their future goals with respect to work, which often manifests as OCBs.
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Machery, Edouard, Stephen Stich, David Rose, Amita Chatterjee, Kaori Karasawa, Noel Struchiner, Smita Sirker, Naoki Usui und Takaaki Hashimoto. Gettier Was Framed! Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865085.003.0007.
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Gettier cases describe situations where an agent possesses a justified true belief that p, without, at least according to mainstream analytic epistemology, knowing that p, while the “Gettier intuition” is the judgment that a protagonist in a Gettier case does not know the relevant proposition. Our goal in this chapter is to show that we can make the Gettier intuition compelling or underwhelming by presenting it in different contexts. We report a surprising order effect whereby people find the Gettier intuition less compelling when a case describing a justified but false belief is presented before a Gettier case. We also report a surprising framing effect: two Gettier cases that differ only in their philosophically irrelevant narrative details elicit substantially different judgments. Finally, we discuss the metaphilosophical implications of these effects.
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Diamond, Lisa M. Contemporary Theory in the Study of Intimacy, Desire, and Sexuality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658540.003.0012.
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This chapter reviews contemporary theory and research on romantic love, sexual desire, and sexual orientation, highlighting some of the most intriguing recent developments and future questions, and taking a fundamentally interdisciplinary approach that seeks to integrate different disciplinary perspectives (biological, evolutionary, psychological, cultural). A chief goal of the chapter is to move beyond many of the hackneyed and simplistic “nature/nurture” debates that continue to dominate work in this area. It provides a forum in which different frames of reference—and the tensions between them—can be engaged to highlight the nuances and complexities of human experience. Topics discussed include romantic love, sexual desire, sexual orientation, and change over time in the expression of sexuality.
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Rizzo, Matteo. ‘Life is War’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0003.
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This chapter has two goals. First, it unpacks the private sector, asking who owns what in the bus public transport sector to reveal the significance of socio-economic differentiation and class. Drawing on grey literature, a labour relations questionnaire, newspapers, and interviews with bus owners and workers, the chapter shows that informal and highly precarious wage employment relationships are central to understanding why private buses operate as they do. The second goal is to question the claim that informal wage employment hardly exists. The categories and terms with which workers describe their employment situation are contrasted with those used to frame the questions in the 2006 Labour Force Survey. The analysis scrutinizes how key employment concepts and terms have been translated from English, and how the translation biases respondents’ answers towards ‘self-employment’, thus contributing to the invisibility of wage labour in statistics on employment in the informal economy.
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Miron-Spektor, Ella, und Miriam Erez. Looking at Creativity through a Paradox Lens. Herausgegeben von Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski und Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.22.
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This chapter contributes to the research and practice of creativity by increasing awareness of the inherently paradoxical nature of creativity, and offering strategies for managing the paradox. The authors’ framework delineates contradictory yet interrelated creativity outcomes, processes and identities of individuals, leaders, and groups. They highlight the paradox of creativity from multiple perspectives and suggest that when engaging in creativity, people experience paradoxical thoughts, processes, goals, identities, and perspectives. Creative people need to be generative and evaluative, flexible and persistent, passionate and disciplined, and learning and performance orientated. Drawing from related research on innovation management, attention control, and goal setting, we discuss strategies for achieving both novelty and usefulness including using paradoxical frames, task switching, pursuing contradictory goals, and gaining experience in different cultural contexts that stress different aspects of the creative process.
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Troberg, Michelle, und Heather Burnett. From Latin to Modern French: A punctuated shift. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0008.
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This chapter presents data that challenge the prevailing assumption that as Latin evolves into French, it passes gradually from a satellite-framed language to a verb-framed language. In fact, Medieval French presents an unexpected intermediate stage, a grammar that includes a number of satellite-framed constructions that are present neither in Latin nor in Modern French (verb particles, goal-of-motion constructions, complex adjectival resultative constructions). Moreover, there is evidence that these constructions disappear abruptly during the same period. We provide a micro-parametric account for the presence of verb particles and goal-of-motion constructions in Medieval French whereby both are made possible through the presence of a null Path morpheme having the meaning of TO, which arises as early as Late Latin, as the Latin telicizing prefixes become decreasingly salient.
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Lambacher, Jason. The Limits of Freedom and the Freedom of Limits. Herausgegeben von Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer und David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.27.
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When we conceive of “freedom” as the absence of limitations, it is easy to associate green politics with coercion and restriction. This troubling linkage frames environmentalism as hostile to freedom as such, and even leads many green theorists to doubt its relevance to environmental political theory. Is this, however, a narrow way of thinking about the concept of freedom and its relationship to environmentalism? Can freedom be greened to enhance ways of life that advance environmental goals? There are good reasons to think that it can. Green concepts of freedom not only offer salient critiques of ecologically destructive modes of freedom, they also open up creative aspirations to live autonomously and meaningfullywithinecological constraints. Ignoring the potential of freedom as a productive concept in environmental political theory overlooks powerful sources of motivation, experimentation, and political resonance. Green theorists should therefore work with, and not avoid, discourses of freedom in order to explore visions of individual, social, and ecological flourishing.
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Ferguson, Kathy E., und Sharain Sasheir Naylor. Militarization and War. Herausgegeben von Lisa Disch und Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.26.
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This chapter explores two major feminist questions about war and militarization and makes use of five key concepts to address those questions. The first question concerns how we frame our questions: are feminists primarily asking “where are the women?” in war and in militarized societies or are we primarily asking, “how is war gendered?” The second question concerns feminists’ political goals: are we trying to reform militaries in order to achieve fairness and equality for women, or are we working to transform societies so that they are less militaristic? We argue that both sets of questions and goals are important, even though they stand in tension with one another. We make use of, and interrogate, the concepts of gender, intersectionality, war, militarization, and securitization to guide our inquiry, and we make several suggestions to guide future feminist research and teaching on militarization and war.
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Gallagher, Gary W. Contested Loyalty. Herausgegeben von Robert M. Sandow. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279753.001.0001.
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This collection of ten essays explores the contested meanings of patriotismin the Civil War North. The words “loyalty” and “duty” vibrated across Northern society but what did they mean? How were they to be demonstrated? The central goal of this study is to scrutinize how notions of loyalty were debated and defined under the pressures of a long and destructive war. The chapters within eavesdrop on conversations about loyalty in many contexts within Northern society. Some of those settings offer a familiar frame of reference, surveying the newspapers, pamphlets, letters, and speeches that evidence partisan definitions of loyalty. These scholars, however, strain to hear those voices not just in the statehouses and capital buildings but in the churches, colleges, workshops, city streets, military camps, and even bedrooms of ordinary northern people. What emerges is not a unified consensus on loyal actions and values but a patchwork of experiences in which the meaning of loyalty was often stretched and strained for differing and sometimes conflicting purposes.
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Nine, Cara. Sharing Territories. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833628.001.0001.
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Territorial rights are shared between overlapping political units, not exclusively held by states. This book takes this claim to be both an empirical observation and a philosophical goal. A theory of territorial rights should be able to inform the normative relationship between overlapping territorial units. In order to do this, Nine’s view defends a river model of territorial rights. On a river model, political units are assumed to be interdependent and overlapping. This model stands in contrast to the prevailing desert island model, where political units are assumed to be independent and distinct from each other. Drawing on Pufendorf’s natural law philosophy and feminist theory, Nine’s view argues for the establishment of foundational territories around geographical areas like rivers. Usually lower-scale political entities, foundational territories overlap with and serve as grounding blocks of larger territorial units. Examples of foundational territories include not just river catchment areas but also urban areas, drawn around individuals who hold obligations to collectively manage their surroundings together. Foundational territorial authorities manage spatially integrated areas where agents are interconnected by dense and scaffolded physical circumstances. In these areas, individuals cannot fulfil their natural obligations to each other without the help of collective rules. Because foundational territories overlap the territories of other political units, this book frames a theory of nested and shared territorial rights.
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Whittier, Nancy. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235994.003.0005.
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Chapter 5, the book’s conclusion, draws comparative theoretical lessons from all three cases. It discusses six features of relationships between frenemies: risks to participants’ reputation; reliance on hybrid or compromise frames or goals; focus on single-issue or specific goals; the importance of emotional and personal narratives; lack of more extensive collaboration or institutionalization of the relationships; and outcomes that depend on the relative power of participants. The chapter discusses implications for ongoing policy regarding sex offenders, sex trafficking, and government surveillance. The paths of activism around the case studies have influenced recent issues of sexual assault, including in the military, in colleges and universities. Feminists have influenced these developments, but not alone. Frenemies, including both feminists and conservatives, continue to be engaged in these issues and to shape their paths.
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Parashu, Dimitrios, Hrsg. The EU and the Matter of Concerted Acting Die EU und die Frage einverständlichen Handelns La UE et la question de l'action concertée. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905042.
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The linguistic diversity of this volume's contributions, combined with the elaboration of positive examples regarding concerted actions – in spite of all crises! – between the member states, pays a unique tribute to the fact that the goal of concerted acting was already aimed at in the preamble to the EEC treaty. Relevant and contemporary examples prove that such a path may be the proper answer, if not a counter-programme to the various EU crises. These examples concern a number of political and legal fields; in particular, they relate to elements of international private law, criminal law, civil procedure law, passenger rights and data protection. Such concerted action is also dealt with in relation to the Union's external presence, in particular its economic relationship with the AU. With contributions by Dimitrios Parashu, Rita Abood, Luisa Volkhausen, Daniel Sliwiok-Born, Brou Séraphin Yoboué, David Erhardt and Jonathan Stoklas.
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Délano Alonso, Alexandra. Consular Protection and Solidarity across Borders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688578.003.0004.
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This chapter demonstrates how Latin American governments with large populations of migrants with precarious legal status in the United States are working together to promote policies focusing on their well-being and integration. It identifies the context in which these processes of policy diffusion and collaboration have taken place as well as their limitations. Notwithstanding the differences in capacities and motivations based on the domestic political and economic contexts, there is a convergence of practices and policies of diaspora engagement among Latin American countries driven by the common challenges faced by their migrant populations in the United States and by the Latino population more generally. These policies, framed as an issue of rights protection and the promotion of migrants’ well-being, are presented as a form of regional solidarity and unity, and are also mobilized by the Mexican government as a political instrument serving its foreign policy goals.
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Golub, Mark. Constitutive Racism, Redemptive Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683603.003.0002.
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Equal protection law operates within a narrative structure of fall and redemption. Framed as a repudiation of race, color-blind constitutionalism appears to enact this redemption by aspiring to transcend racial consciousness. And yet prohibitions against racial classification in fact serve to heighten and preserve racial awareness, in direct contradiction of their stated goals and justification. This chapter examines the narrative structure and constraints of equal protection law, within which efforts to achieve racial equality appear as equivalent to state-sponsored racial segregation. Theorizing color-blindness as a kind of performative contradiction, it demonstrates the race-conscious logic of color-blind constitutionalism.
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Scott, Sharon M. Toys and American Culture. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216026747.
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Tracing developments in toy making and marketing across the evolving landscape of the 20th century, this encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference guide to America's most popular playthings and the culture to which they belong. From the origins of favorite playthings to their associations with events and activities, the study of a nation's toys reveals the hopes, goals, values, and priorities of its people. Toys have influenced the science, art, and religion of the United States, and have contributed to the development of business, politics, and medicine. Toys and American Culture: An Encyclopedia documents America's shifting cultural values as they are embedded within and transmitted by the nation's favorite playthings. Alphabetically arranged entries trace developments in toy making and toy marketing across the evolving landscape of 20th-century America. In addition to discussing the history of America's most influential toys, the book contains specific entries on the individuals, organizations, companies, and publications that gave shape to America's culture of play from 1900 to 2000. Toys from the two decades that frame the 20th century are also included, as bridges to the fascinating past—and the inspiring future—of American toys.
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Clark, David. Prologue: Whys and Wherefores. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637934.003.0001.
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The prologue describes the methods and sources that underpin the biography. Principal among these are the recently consolidated and extensive Cicely Saunders’s archives at King’s College London. Also key to the work is a decade of practical collaboration between Cicely Saunders and David Clark in the last years of her life, during which Professor Clark undertook some twenty interviews with her, in preparation for writing a posthumous biography. They also collaborated on published volumes of her letters and selected writings. In addition, Professor Clark draws on his own extensive oral history archive, that includes interviews with many of Saunders’s contemporaries and associates. This section serves as a ‘frame’ for the biography and clarifies the key goals: to understand Cicely Saunders’s life and contribution to hospice and palliative care and to make sense of the dynamic interplay between her personal experience and the wider development of the field.
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Schenk, Caress. Anti-migrant, but not nationalist: Pursuing statist legitimacy through immigration discourse and policy. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433853.003.0011.
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Despite increasingly securitized anti-migrant policies in Russia, President Vladimir Putin has been extremely cautious in his rhetoric about international migrants, avoiding overtly ethno-nationalist frames. By repeatedly emphasizing the role of migrants in development and their potential for integration, Putin has charted out a statist agenda, outlining how immigration can contribute to the state’s goals. This chapter analyses a series of Putin’s speeches, asking whether he employs the rhetoric of three common migration myths: ‘migrants take our jobs’; ‘migrants are culturally incompatible with the host society’; and ‘migrants represent a security threat’. While these myths are partially consistent with public opinion, they are not actively employed by the Kremlin. These findings temper the notion of an ‘ethnic turn’ in Russian politics and are especially surprising, given the current populist swing experienced throughout much of the Western world.
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Bryner, Gary. Environmental Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.167.
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Environmental justice brings together two of the most powerful social movements of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, environmentalism and civil rights. Despite the success in reducing pollution and improving environmental quality in many areas, the reduction of race- and income-based disparities in environmental conditions, such as the levels of pollution to which individuals are exposed, has seen limited progress. Minority and low income communities continue to bear the brunt of environmental burdens. The idea of environmental justice also helps clarify the ethical issues underlying climate change and compels action to reduce the threat even in the face of uncertainties and to help poor nations with the costs of adapting to disruptive climate change. A major challenge in environmental justice is deciding how to define the problem. Five options for framing the issue of environmental justice capture most of the approaches taken by advocates and scholars. These are the civil rights framework; theories of distributive justice, fairness, and rights; the public participation framework, social justice framework, and ecological sustainability framework. These frameworks are not mutually exclusive. They overlap considerably and proponents of one primary framework may rely on elements of others as they frame the issues. Advocates of environmental justice will find that elements of each can contribute to their goal. No one framework is sufficient, but in recognizing where those with other views are coming from, we can develop opportunities for creative solutions that bring together alternative approaches.
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Sandler, Willeke. Empire in the Heimat. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.001.0001.
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With the end of the First World War, Germany became a “postcolonial” power. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 transformed Germany’s overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific into League of Nations Mandates, administered by other powers. Yet a number of Germans rejected this “postcolonial” status, arguing instead that Germany was simply an interrupted colonial power and would soon reclaim these territories. With the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, irredentism seemed once again on the agenda, and these colonialist advocates actively and loudly promoted their colonial cause in the Third Reich. Examining the domestic activities of these colonialist lobbying organizations, Empire in the Heimat demonstrates the continued place of overseas colonialism in shaping German national identity after the end of formal empire. In the Third Reich, the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft and the Reichskolonialbund framed Germans as having a particular aptitude for colonialism and the overseas territories as a German Heimat. As such, they sought to give overseas colonialism renewed meaning for both the present and the future of Nazi Germany. They brought this message to the German public through countless publications, exhibitions, rallies, lectures, photographs, and posters. Their public activities were met with a mix of occasional support, ambivalence, or even outright opposition from some Nazi officials, who privileged the Nazi regime’s European territorial goals over colonialists’ overseas goals. Colonialists’ ability to navigate this obstruction and intervention reveals both the limitations and the spaces available in the public sphere under Nazism for such “special interest” discourses.
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Kamara, Irene. Standardizing Personal Data Protection. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191997037.001.0001.
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Abstract The Standardizing Personal Data Protection is the first book focusing on the role of technical standards in protecting individuals as regards the processing of their personal data. Through the lenses of legal pluralism and Transnational Private Regulation, the book studies the interaction of standardization as a private semi-autonomous normative ordering and data protection law. The book addresses two key aspects. First, it explores how data protection law, such as the General Data Protection Regulation, works as a legal basis for technical standards. To identify standardization areas in data protection, the book proposes an analytical framework of standards for legal compliance, for beneficiaries, and meta-rules. Second, the book examines how procedural legitimacy issues, such as questions of transparency, representation, and accessibility frame and limit the suitability of standardization to complement public law, especially law that protects fundamental rights, such as the right to protection of personal data. The book provides a comprehensive account of how a private regulation instrument may complement public law in pursuing its goals and where limits and conditions for such a role should be drawn.
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Bruns, Sebastian, und Sarandis Papadopoulos, Hrsg. Conceptualizing Maritime & Naval Strategy. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299150.
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The 21st century is witnessing renewed tension as conflicts between major powers, serious concerns about future security alliances and global, even generational, security policy challenges arise. In the light of this, naval forces and maritime security, and understanding their underlying strategic rationale, are gaining momentum and importance. What are the roles and missions of naval forces, and how have states and the institutions themselves sought to frame their goals and methods? This book brings together experts from the United States, Europe, and Asia to reflect on how maritime and naval strategy is conceptualised and how it has been used. It celebrates the life and work of Peter M. Swartz, Captain (US Navy) ret., who since contributing to ‘The Maritime Strategy’ of the 1980s as a young Pentagon officer, has been a mentor, friend, intellectual beacon and the foremost purveyor of maritime expertise to the global naval community. With contributions by Sebastian Bruns, Seth Cropsey, Larissa Forster, Michael Haas, John Hattendorf, Peter Haynes, Andrzej Makowski, Amund Lundesgaard, Narushige Michishita, Martin Murphy, Sarandis Papadopoulos, Nilanthi Samaranayake, Jeremy Stöhs, Eric Thompson, Geoffrey Till, Sarah Vogler, Steve Wills.
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Mishra, Atul. The Sovereign Lives of India and Pakistan. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190130879.001.0001.
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Abstract Sovereign Lives explores what it has meant for India and Pakistan to act as sovereign states that became entangled at birth by an unsatisfactory partition. Sovereignty is conventionally understood as a means to achieve the goals that states set for themselves. This book argues that for India and Pakistan, sovereignty has become an end in itself, and that its pursuit has aided majoritarianism, insecurity, ideological conflict, and mutual estrangement that adversely affect the two states as well as their peoples. The book examines the trajectory of three problems that the partition of 1947 bequeathed to the two states. It investigates the state–minority relations, national identity debates, and contestation over Kashmir to outline the parallel processes of minoritization, homogenization, and territorialization. It shows how these processes signify the two states’ quest for sovereignty. The scholarship on India and Pakistan often privileges their bilateral relations. In contrast, this book carries out the deeper task of a single-frame analysis and critique of their intertwined statehoods. Ultimately, the book shows the inadequacy of the nation state form as the basis for political community in the subcontinent. It concludes by pointing to the contemporary relevance of alternative ideas of sovereignty and political community in South Asia that were articulated during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Onaci, Edward. Free the Land. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656144.001.0001.
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On March 31, 1968, over 500 Black nationalists convened in Detroit to begin the process of securing independence from the United States. Many concluded that Black Americans' best remaining hope for liberation was the creation of a sovereign nation-state, the Republic of New Afrika (RNA). New Afrikan citizens traced boundaries that encompassed a large portion of the South--including South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana--as part of their demand for reparation. As champions of these goals, they framed their struggle as one that would allow the descendants of enslaved people to choose freely whether they should be citizens of the United States. New Afrikans also argued for financial restitution for the enslavement and subsequent inhumane treatment of Black Americans. The struggle to "Free the Land" remains active to this day. This book is the first to tell the full history of the RNA and the New Afrikan Independence Movement. Edward Onaci shows how New Afrikans remade their lifestyles and daily activities to create a self-consciously revolutionary culture, and it argues that the RNA's tactics and ideology were essential to the evolution of Black political struggles. Onaci expands the story of Black Power politics, shedding new light on the long-term legacies of mid-century Black Nationalism.
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Whittier, Nancy. Frenemies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235994.001.0001.
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What happens when activists who usually oppose each other work to advance similar goals? This book re-conceptualizes models of social movements’ relationships with each other and develops a new framework for understanding relationships that are neither coalitions nor countermovements. Rich, empirically grounded case studies of opposition to pornography, child sexual abuse policy, and the Violence Against Women Act show how feminists and conservatives engaged with the issues and with each other, the differences between their approaches, and both their points of overlap and their power struggles. Each case illustrates a different type of relationship: an adversarial yet collaborative interaction around pornography; a narrow, issue-specific, and politically neutral opposition to child sexual abuse; and an ambivalent alliance confined to the policy arena for the Violence Against Women Act. Focusing on activism targeting the federal government from 1980 to 2013, the book draws on a unique, in-depth dataset, including transcripts of Congressional hearings and movement documents, to analyze interpretive processes within the state. Activists constructed frames that enabled cross-ideological support, dealt with the reputational risk of appearing to consort with the enemy, and sometimes compromised or de-emphasized controversial goals in favor of areas of commonality. In the end, feminists and conservatives influenced policy and culture to different degrees in the three case studies, depending on their relative power. Frenemies draws powerful lessons about both the benefits and risks of collaboration across ideological difference.
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Briar-Lawson, Katharine, Paul Miesing und Blanca M. Ramos, Hrsg. Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Economic and Social Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518298.001.0001.
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This book shows how social entrepreneurship and social enterprises can integrate social and economic development. These dual-mission ventures that strive to achieve both financial sustainability and social good are especially path-breaking approaches in reducing economic, education, health, technology, and other disparities among marginalized individuals, families, and communities. While this global movement varies in pace and scope, this work features snapshots from eight countries or regions. This volume focuses especially on emerging economies and those in transition, featuring African countries of Kenya and Tanzania, Albania, Argentina, Central Asian countries of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Cuba, India, the Russian Federation, and Taiwan. We examine a variety of ventures and their social policy context as they attempt to meet human needs while simultaneously also attaining financial sustainability. We also suggest social policies that promote supports for social entrepreneurs since environmental, economic, and social sustainability are core goals. But we also raise cautions about fostering social enterprises as panaceas for addressing human needs when government investments are required in social welfare, social protections, and ecosystem supports. Contextual frames are provided that range from social enterprise business plans and measuring entrepreneurial orientation to avoiding displacement dynamics and pitfalls of non-market economies. These are consistent with the global agenda of building jobs from the ground up as articulated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Recommendations are derived from illustrative cases from the nations and regions featured for more strategic supports and investments in social entrepreneurs and social enterprises.
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Moscowitz, Leigh. Gay Marriage in an Era of Media Visibility. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038129.003.0001.
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This book examines how media coverage helped to define and shape the gay marriage debate as well as gay rights activism during the period 2003–2012. Through an analysis of media reports and in-depth interviews with leaders of the modern gay rights movement, it investigates how media frames and activist discourses evolved surrounding the issue of same-sex marriage. It looks at the aims and challenges of leading gay rights activists who sought to harness the power of mainstream news media to advocate for their cause and reform images of their community. It also considers how gay and lesbian rights groups attempted to shape coverage of the same-sex marriage debate, and what images and narratives about gay and lesbian life activists foregrounded. Finally, it discusses ways in which media attention surrounding the gay-marriage issue reshaped the structure, organization, and goals of the contemporary gay rights movement. This introduction provides an overview of the legal and political contexts of gay marriage in the United States, the rise of gay-themed media, and the research approach and plan of the book.
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Brüne, Martin. Textbook of Evolutionary Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198717942.001.0001.
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Psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine are concerned with medical conditions affecting the brain, mind, and behaviour in manifold ways. Traditional approaches have focused on a restricted array of potential causes of psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions, including adverse experiences such as trauma, neglect, or abuse, genetic vulnerability, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. While essential for the understanding of mental disorders, these approaches have disregarded pertinent questions such as why the human mind is vulnerable to dysfunction at all. This Textbook of Evolutionary Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine seeks to find answers to these questions by emphasizing an evolutionary perspective on psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions. It explains how the human brain/mind has been shaped by natural and sexual selection; why adaptations to environmental conditions in our evolutionary past may nowadays work in suboptimal ways; and how human cognition, emotions, and behaviour can be scientifically framed to improve our understanding of how people try to attain important biosocial goals pertaining to one’s status in society, mating, eliciting and providing care, and maintaining rewarding relationships. The evolutionary topics relevant to the understanding of psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions include the concepts of genetic plasticity, life-history theory, stress regulation, and immunological aspects. In addition, it is argued that an evolutionary framework is necessary to understand how psychotherapy and psychopharmacology work to improve the lives of patients with psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders.
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BAHADUR TIWARI, BHUPENDRA, E. ESWARA REDDY und SAM X. KINGSLEY JOSHUA. INNOVATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IT SECTOR. Jupiter Publications Consortium, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47715/jpc.b.978-93-91303-79-2.
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The industry of information technology in India includes the following services namely IT and software services, IT enabled services, hardware (engineering) services, and e-businesses/e-governance associated with government services. IT services are outsourcing of software support/installation, processing services, systems integration, exports of products and services, and training/education of the information technology science. The significant improvements in the industry have brought about a vital need for systematic process of managing the majority of employees in the IT industry. There was also a need created for technology in the subject matter of managing the employees and other aspects that came into picture. Hence, Innovative Human Resource practices came into existence for upgrading the skills and building the employees to work towards the goal of the organization. This gave birth to HR technology, Employee Engagement, ERP and so on. The study focuses on identifying various applications of Innovative Human resource practices in IT industry, the role of demographics and the factors influencing employee engagement and productivity. The study also analyzes the impact of innovative human resource practices on employee engagement and productivity and finally examines the mediating role of employee engagement upon the relationship between innovative human resource practices and employee productivity. To support the study, review of the relevant literature (Books, Research thesis and research papers) available in the innovative human resource practices space (both Global and Indian) was done. The research gap was identified in 4 categories i.e. empirical gap, evidence gap, methodological gap and population gap. The conceptual framework for the study was also designed. The literature review was categorized into national and international, theoretical and empirical to keep the study relevant according to the current global standards. Based on the research gap and the conceptual framework, the questionnaire was framed and according to the hypothesis the plan of analysis was structured to further the study. The data collection was completed through offline and online method, based on sample design. The analysis included Structural Equation Model, ANOVA, Independent t test and Mediation analysis – Andrew Hayes, Model 4 using SPSS and AMOS software. The study found out that HR Technology, HR Analytics, Collaboration Tools, AI in HR and Employee Pulse survey, are contributors to Innovative Human resource practices but there is no significant impact of demographic variables on perception of IHRM. Also, Employee retention, Reward and recognition, Personality development and Performance appraisal are factors influencing Employee engagement and Innovative work system, Employee contribution, Vigour, Dedication, Psychological factors, Motivational factors, Experience Factors and Individual capacity are factors influencing Employee Productivity. IHRM has significant impact on employee engagement and the employee productivity. Employee engagement mediates the relationship between IHRM and employee productivity. To conclude, this study provides insights into how employees are affected by innovative HR practices and provides practical solutions for organizations looking to encourage staff. By using motivational strategies that are directly tied to employees’ immediate interests and that are intended to affect their views and attitudes, innovative HR practices can assist firms in projecting a sense of employee engagement. Employees are further encouraged to be selfless and altruistic by the degrees of perceived satisfaction with the creative HR methods. As a result, they become more open to doing tasks that aren’t directly relevant to their professions but nevertheless helpful to their businesses. This would increase the efficiency of enterprises in managing their human resources, particularly those businesses that are team-based. Keywords: Innovative Human Resource Practices, Employee Engagement, Employee Productivity, IT Sector, Bengaluru, Human Resource Technology, Trends of IHRM, Innovative Human Resource Technology tools, IHRM Strategies, Information Technology.
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Fuss, Sabine. The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.585.
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The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.
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Hopke, Jill E., und Luis E. Hestres. Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.566.
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Divestment is a socially responsible investing tactic to remove assets from a sector or industry based on moral objections to its business practices. It has historical roots in the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa. The early-21st-century fossil fuel divestment movement began with climate activist and 350.org co-founder Bill McKibben’s Rolling Stone article, “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math.” McKibben’s argument centers on three numbers. The first is 2°C, the international target for limiting global warming that was agreed upon at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2009 Copenhagen conference of parties (COP). The second is 565 Gigatons, the estimated upper limit of carbon dioxide that the world population can put into the atmosphere and reasonably expect to stay below 2°C. The third number is 2,795 Gigatons, which is the amount of proven fossil fuel reserves. That the amount of proven reserves is five times that which is allowable within the 2°C limit forms the basis for calls to divest.The aggregation of individual divestment campaigns constitutes a movement with shared goals. Divestment can also function as “tactic” to indirectly apply pressure to targets of a movement, such as in the case of the movement to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline in the United States. Since 2012, the fossil fuel divestment movement has been gaining traction, first in the United States and United Kingdom, with student-led organizing focused on pressuring universities to divest endowment assets on moral grounds.In partnership with 350.org, The Guardian launched its Keep it in the Ground campaign in March 2015 at the behest of outgoing editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger. Within its first year, the digital campaign garnered support from more than a quarter-million online petitioners and won a “campaign of the year” award in the Press Gazette’s British Journalism Awards. Since the launch of The Guardian’s campaign, “keep it in the ground” has become a dominant frame used by fossil fuel divestment activists.Divestment campaigns seek to stigmatize the fossil fuel industry. The rationale for divestment rests on the idea that fossil fuel companies are financially valued based on their resource reserves and will not be able to extract these reserves with a 2°C or lower climate target. Thus, their valuation will be reduced and the financial holdings become “stranded assets.” Critics of divestment have cited the costs and risks to institutional endowments that divestment would entail, arguing that to divest would go against their fiduciary responsibility. Critics have also argued that divesting from fossil fuel assets would have little or no impact on the industry. Some higher education institutions, including Princeton and Harvard, have objected to divestment as a politicization of their endowments. Divestment advocates have responded to this concern by pointing out that not divesting is not a politically neutral act—it is, in fact, choosing the side of fossil fuel corporations.