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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Glycolipids“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Glycolipids"
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Wang, Cindy, Engy A. Mahrous, Richard E. Lee, Martha M. Vestling und Kuni Takayama. „Novel Polyoxyethylene-Containing Glycolipids Are Synthesized inCorynebacterium matruchotiiandMycobacterium smegmatisCultured in the Presence of Tween 80“. Journal of Lipids 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/676535.
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The addition of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) to a culture of mycobacteria greatly influences cell permeability and sensitivity to antibiotics but very little is known regarding the underlying mechanism. Here we show thatCorynebacterium matruchotii(surrogate of mycobacteria) converts Tween 80 to a structural series of polyoxyethylenic acids which are then used to form novel series-2A and series-2B glycolipids. Minor series-3 glycolipids were also synthesized. The polyoxyethylenic acids replaced corynomycolic acids in the cell wall. Correspondingly the trehalose dicorynomycolate content was reduced. MALDI mass spectrometry, MS-MS,1H-NMR, and13C-NMR were used to characterize the series-2 glycolipids. Series-2A glycolipid is trehalose 6-C36:2-corynomycolate-6′-polyoxyethylenate and series-2B glycolipid is trehalose 6-C36:2-corynomycolate-6′-furan ring-containing polyoxyethylenate.Mycobacterium smegmatisgrown in the presence of Tween 80 also synthesizes series-2 type glycolipids. The synthesis of these novel glycolipids in corynebacteria and mycobacteria should result in gross changes in the cell wall permeability and drug sensitivity.
2
Symington, F. W., D. L. Hedges und S. Hakomori. „Glycolipid antigens of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the inducible HL-60 myeloid leukemia line.“ Journal of Immunology 134, Nr. 4 (01.04.1985): 2498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.4.2498.
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Abstract Glycolipid and cell surface carbohydrate antigens of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and of HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells were analyzed with a panel of defined, monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Antigenicities of intact PMN, HL-60, and retinoic acid-induced HL-60 (r.a.-HL-60) were studied by flow cytofluorometry. These three cell populations displayed quantitative differences, some of which were induction dependent, in their expression of lactosyl, N-acetyllactosaminyl, Y-hapten (Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----R), and sialosyl-X-hapten (SA alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc beta 1----R) specificities. Structures reactive with antibodies specific for long-chain mono-, and di- or tri- alpha 1----3 fucosylated lacto-series glycolipids were also detected. Glycosphingolipids purified from organic extracts of these cells were analyzed to seek information concerning the chemical basis for these surface antigenic differences, to assess the structural and antigenic diversity of PMN and HL-60 glycolipids, and to quantitate chemically and antigenically prominent glycolipids. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to thin-layer chromatograms demonstrated that each of the specificities on intact cells was carried by one or more distinct glycolipids. The abundance of immunoreactive glycolipids in the extracts paralleled the relative staining intensities of the intact cell populations. Several "cryptic" glycolipid antigens, including alpha 2----6 sialosylated structures enriched five- to 10-fold in PMN extracts, were not detected on intact cells. Lactosylceramide accounted for two-thirds of the approximately 1.5 X 10(9) glycolipid molecules contained in each PMN. The remaining glycolipid antigens appeared to include structurally diverse fucolipids, fucogangliosides, and neutral and sialosylated glycolipids with Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----R terminal core structure. The abundance, diversity, and induction-dependent expression of these structures suggest that they may participate in PMN maturation and function.
3
Sandhoff, Konrad, und Thomas Kolter. „Biosynthesis and degradation of mammalian glycosphingolipids“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, Nr. 1433 (29.05.2003): 847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1265.
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Glycolipids are a large and heterogeneous family of sphingolipids that form complex patterns on eukaryotic cell surfaces. This molecular diversity is generated by only a few enzymes and is a paradigm of naturally occurring combinatorial synthesis. We report on the biosynthetic principles leading to this large molecular diversity and focus on sialic acid–containing glycolipids of the ganglio–series. These glycolipids are particularly concentrated in the plasma membrane of neuronal cells. Their de novo synthesis starts with the formation of the membrane anchor, ceramide, at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is continued by glycosyltransferases of the Golgi complex. Recent findings from genetically engineered mice are discussed. The constitutive degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) occurs in the acidic compartments, the endosomes and the lysosomes. Here, water–soluble glycosidases sequentially cleave off the terminal carbohydrate residues from glycolipids. For glycolipid substrates with short oligosaccharide chains, the additional presence of membrane–active sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) is required. A considerable part of our current knowledge about glycolipid degradation is derived from a class of human diseases, the sphingolipidoses, which are caused by inherited defects within this pathway. A new post–translational modification is the attachment of glycolipids to proteins of the human skin.
4
Sun, Yingying, Yang Mu, Tianhuan Li, Siyu Wang, Yuxiang Li, Jie Liu und Piaopiao Xing. „Extraction, Isolation and Biological Activity of Two Glycolipids from Bangia fusco-purpurea“. Marine Drugs 22, Nr. 4 (24.03.2024): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22040144.
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In order to explore the extraction and activity of macroalge glycolipids, six macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, Gracilaria sp. and Pyropia yezoensis) glycolipids were extracted with five different solvents firstly. Considering the yield and glycolipids concentration of extracts, Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gracilaria sp. and Pyropia yezoensis were selected from six species of marine macroalgae as the raw materials for the extraction of glycolipids. The effects of the volume score of methanol, solid–liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and ultrasonic power on the yield and glycolipids concentration of extracts of the above three macroalgae were analyzed through a series of single-factor experiments. By analyzing the antioxidant activity in vitro, moisture absorption and moisturizing activity, the extraction process of Bangia fusco-purpurea glycolipids was further optimized by response surface method to obtain suitable conditions for glycolipid extraction (solid-liquid ratio of 1:27 g/mL, extraction temperature of 48 °C, extraction time of 98 min and ultrasonic power of 450 W). Bangia fusco-purpurea extracts exhibited a certain scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals, as well as good moisture-absorption and moisture retaining activities. Two glycolipids were isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea by liquid–liquid extraction, silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, and they showed good scavenging activities against DPPH free radicals and total antioxidant capacity. Their scavenging activities against DPPH free radicals were about 60% at 1600 µg/mL, and total antioxidant capacity was better than that of Trolox. Among them, the moisturizing activity of a glycolipid was close to that of sorbierite and sodium alginate. These two glycolipids exhibited big application potential as food humectants and antioxidants.
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Godavarthy, Padmavathi, und Y. Sunila Kumari. „Glycolipids as Potential Energy Molecules during Starvation in Climbing Perch,Anabas testudineus(Bloch)“. International Journal of Zoology 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/476798.
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Glycolipids are membrane lipids which act as cellular markers and also provide energy for the cells. The present study is an attempt to understand whether glycolipids can act as energy sources during fasting. To achieve this, we selected and subjectedAnabas testudineusto short-term (15 days) and long-term (60 days) laboratory starvation. We estimated glycolipids biochemically using a standard protocol in six different tissues. Results showed a selective decline in glycolipid concentration in certain tissues, and also an increase was observed in some tissues. Short-term fasting led to a decline in glycolipids in tissues such as brain (P<0.05), accessory respiratory organ (P<0.001), pectoral and lateral line muscle. Liver and kidney (P<0.002) reported an increase. Long term starvation also resulted in a decline in tissues such as liver (P<0.001), kidney (P<0.001), brain, and accessory respiratory organ. Muscle tissue,that is, both the pectoral (P<0.002) and lateral line muscle (P<0.05), showed an increase in the glycolipid fraction. This selective decline in glycolipid content of certain tissues suggests a possible utilization of these lipids during starvation and the significant upsurge observed in certain tissues suggests a simultaneous synthesis occurring along the degradation, probably reducing the oxidative stress created by ROS (reactive oxygen species).
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Cheng, Janice M. H., Ashna A. Khan, Mattie S. M. Timmer und Bridget L. Stocker. „Endogenous and Exogenous CD1-Binding Glycolipids“. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2011 (05.04.2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/749591.
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In the same way that peptide antigens are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, glycolipid antigens can also activate the immune response via binding to CD1 proteins on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate CD1-restricted T cells. In humans, there are five members of the CD1 family, termed CD1a–e, of which CD1a–d are involved in glycolipid presentation at the cell surface, while CD1e is involved in the intracellular trafficking of glycolipid antigens. Both endogenous (self-derived) and exogenous (non-self-derived) glycolipids have been shown to bind to members of the CD1 family with varying degrees of specificity. In this paper we focus on the key glycolipids that bind to the different members of the CD1 family.
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Colmenares, M., M. Tiemeyer, P. Kima und D. McMahon-Pratt. „Biochemical and Biological Characterization of the Protective Leishmania pifanoi Amastigote Antigen P-8“. Infection and Immunity 69, Nr. 11 (01.11.2001): 6776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.11.6776-6784.2001.
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ABSTRACT The Leishmania pifanoi amastigote antigen P-8 has been previously shown to induce protective immunity in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (L. Soong, S. M. Duboise, P. Kima, and D. McMahon-Pratt, Infect. Immun. 63:3559–3566, 1995). As this antigen is of interest for further vaccine studies, the biochemical characterization of P-8 was undertaken. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western-blot analysis, and gel filtration chromatography revealed that P-8 antigen consisted of two proteoglycolipid complexes. The P-8 epitope is associated with theL. pifanoi amastigote-specific glycolipid components found in the two complexes. The P-8 complex 1 (P-8c1) consists of a 56-kDa serine metalloproteinase, apolipoprotein E (derived from fetal bovine serum), and amastigote-specific glycolipids. The P-8 complex 2 (P-8c2) consists of a 31-kDa cysteine proteinase associated with amastigote glycolipids. Biochemical analyses suggest that the P-8 antigenic glycolipids may be distinct from previously describedLeishmania glycolipids (glycosylinositolphospholipids and sphingoglycolipids). Protective immunity studies revealed that P-8c1 (serine metalloproteinase-glycolipid complex) confers comparable protection against infection as immunopurified P-8. The isolated P-8c2 (cysteine proteinase-glycolipid complex) does not provide significant protection, nor does stimulation with P-8c2 result in significant T-cell activation in P-8- or P-8c2-vaccinated mice. Consequently, the P-8c1 complex appears to be the immunodominant component of P-8.
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Künemund, V., F. B. Jungalwala, G. Fischer, D. K. Chou, G. Keilhauer und M. Schachner. „The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate of neural cell adhesion molecules is involved in cell interactions.“ Journal of Cell Biology 106, Nr. 1 (01.01.1988): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.1.213.
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We investigated whether the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope, expressed by two unusual glycolipids and several neural adhesion molecules, including L1, neural cell adhesion molecule, J1, and the myelin-associated glycoprotein, is involved in adhesion. Monoclonal L2 antibodies, the L2/HNK-1-reactive, sulfate-3-glucuronyl residue carrying glycolipids (L2 glycolipid) and a tetrasaccharide derived from the L2 glycolipid (L2 tetrasaccharide) were added to microexplant cultures of early postnatal mouse cerebellum, and cell migration and process extension were monitored. On the substrate poly-D-lysine, Fab fragments of L2 antibodies, L2 glycolipid, and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited outgrowth of astrocytic processes and migration of cell bodies, but only L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide reduced neurite outgrowth. On laminin, L2 antibodies, L2 glycolipid, and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited outgrowth of astrocytic processes. Additionally, L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide inhibited cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Several negatively charged glycolipids, lipids, and saccharides were tested for control and found to have no effect on outgrowth patterns, except for sulfatide and heparin, which modified outgrowth patterns in a similar fashion as L2 glycolipid and L2 tetrasaccharide. On astrocytes none of the tested compounds interfered with explant outgrowth. In short-term adhesion assays L2 glycolipid, sulfatide, and heparin inhibited adhesion of neural cells to laminin. L2 glycolipid and sulfatide interfered with neuron to astrocyte and astrocyte to astrocyte adhesion, but not with neuron-neuron adhesion. The most straightforward interpretation of these observations is that the L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate and the sulfated carbohydrates, sulfatide and heparin, act as ligands in cell adhesion.
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WUHRER, Manfred, Sandra RICKHOFF, Roger D. DENNIS, Günter LOCHNIT, Peter T. SOBOSLAY, Stefan BAUMEISTER und Rudolf GEYER. „Phosphocholine-containing, zwitterionic glycosphingolipids of adult Onchocerca volvulus as highly conserved antigenic structures of parasitic nematodes“. Biochemical Journal 348, Nr. 2 (23.05.2000): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3480417.
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Human Onchocerca volvulus infection sera were found to recognize zwitterionic glycolipids of O. volvulus and to cross-react with those of other parasitic nematodes (Ascaris suum, Setaria digitata and Litomosoides sigmodontis). By the use of an epitope-specific monoclonal antibody, zwitterionic glycolipids of all these nematode species were observed to contain the antigenic determinant phosphocholine. A hyperimmune serum specific for arthro-series glycolipid structures reacted with the various neutral glycolipids of all these nematodes, which demonstrated that their oligosaccharide moieties belonged to the arthro-series of protostomial glycolipids. These results indicated that arthro-series glycosphingolipids carrying, in part, phosphocholine substituents, represent highly conserved, antigenic glycolipid markers of parasitic nematodes. Three glycolipid components of the O. volvulus zwitterionic fraction were structurally characterized by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, methylation analysis and exoglycosidase treatment. Their chemical structures were elucidated to be phosphocholine-6GlcNAc(β1-3)Man(β1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide, GalNAc(β1-4)[phosphocholine-6]GlcNAc(β1-3)Man(β1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide and Gal(α1-3)GalNAc(β1-4)[phosphocholine-6]GlcNAc(β1-3)Man(β1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide for the zwitterionic ceramide tri-, tetra- and penta-hexosides respectively. The ceramide composition was found to be dominated by 2-hydroxylated docosanoic (C22h:0), tricosanoic (C23h:0) and tetracosanoic (C24h:0) acids, and C17 sphingosine (Cd17:1) (where h is hydroxylated and d is dihydroxylated).
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Anisuzzaman, Md, Feng Jin, Kamrunnahar Kabery, U.-Cheol Jeong, Hyun-Chol Jung, Sang-Ro Lee und Seok-Joong Kang. „Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Compositions of Dried Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus“. Open Food Science Journal 11, Nr. 1 (31.07.2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874256401911010079.
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Introduction: Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is becoming popular around the world due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. There are still no detailed chemical studies of the lipid class, glycolipids compositions of sea cucumber. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the lipid class and glycolipid compositions of dried sea cucumber, A. japonicus, and analyze fatty acid compositions of Monogalactosyl Diglycerides (MGDG), Steryl Glycosides (SG) and Sulfoquinovosyl Diglycerides (SQDG). Total lipids of sea cucumber were extracted by Bligh and Dyer method and Sep-Pak Silica plus long cartridge, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) silica gel G-60 F254 was used for the separation of different lipid classes and glycolipid compositions. The composition of fatty acids was analyzed by GC. Results & Conclusion: The level of total lipids in the dried sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, was 4 ± 1% of dry weight (w/w) and the amount of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was 31 ± 1%, 29 ± 1% and 40 ± 1% of the total lipids (w/w), respectively. MGDG, SG and SQDG were the major glycolipids, and the contents were 37.5 ± 0.3%, 33.8 ± 0.5% and 23.6 ± 0.7% of the total glycolipids (w/w), respectively and significantly higher than other glycolipids (p < 0.05). SQDG contained much higher Arachidonic Acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and MGDG contained higher Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) compared with SG (p < 0.05). Further investigation is required to understand the positional distribution of fatty acids and molecular species in MGDG, SG and SQDG in detail.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Glycolipids"
1
Chen, Na. „Synthesis of the N-oxyamide-linked glycolipids and glycopeptides“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN017/document.
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Les glycoconjugués comme les glycolipides et les glycopeptides sont impliqués dans de nombreux processus biologique, physiologique et pathologique, tels que les interactions cellule-cellule, les infections virales et bactériales, les réponses immunitaires, le cancer, etc. Ces propriétés ont suscité de recherche intensive pour la synthèse de mimes de glycoconjugés pour des applications en biologie et en pharmacie. Cette thèse est consacrée à la synthèse de glycolipides et de glycopeptides liés par la liaison N-oxyamide qui possède une meilleure stabilité métabolique et une facilité de formation de liaison H conduisant à des structures secondaires très intéressantes.Les dérivés de pyranoid glycoaminooxy acides fonctionnés en positions 2 et 6 du sucre sont synthétisés à partir du methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, puis transformés en N-oxyamide glycolipides. En tant que nouveaux mimes de glycoglycérolipides et glycosphingolipides, les N-oxyamide beta-glycolipides possédant une ou deux chaines lipidiques sont préparés à partir du glucose ou du galactose penta-acétate et de (S)-1,2-di-O-benzyl-glycérol.De plus, une synthèse stéréosélective de (2R) et de (2S)-3-beta-O-glycosyl aminooxy esters a été réalisée à partir du (2R)-beta-glycoglycérol, avec la réaction de Mitsunobu et l’épimérisation de Lattrell-Dax comme étapes clés. Les N-oxyamide glycopeptides ont pu être préparés à partir de glycosyl aminooxy esters orthogonalement protégésAs part of glycoconjugate family, glycolipids and glycopeptides are involved in a variety of important biological, physiological and pathological processes, such as cell-cell interactions, viral and bacterial infections, immune response, cancer progression, etc. Synthesis of glycoconjugate mimics has attracted intensive research interest for biological and pharmaceutical applications. This thesis was devoted to the synthesis of N-oxyamide-linked glycolipids and glycopeptides, since N-oxyamide-containing compounds have shown improved metabolic stability, and interesting secondary structures due to the easy H-bond formation property of N-oxyamide compounds.From methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, the 2,6-functionalized pyranoid glycoaminooxy acid derivatives have been successfully prepared as a multifunctional building block for further derivatization to new N-oxyamide glycolipids. From glucose or galactose pentaacetate and (S)-1,2-di-O-benzyl-glycerol, we have successfully achieved the first synthesis of N-oxyamide-linked beta-glycolipids with one or two lipids chains, as novel mimics of glycoglycerolipids and glycosphingolipids.In addition, the (2R) and (2S)-3-beta-O-glycosyl aminooxy esters have been stereoselectively synthesized from (2R)-beta-glycoglycerol, with Mitsunobu reaction and Lattrell-Dax epimerization as key steps. N-Oxyamide-linked glycopeptides have been prepared from the orthogonally protected glycosyl aminooxy esters
2
Oldenburg, Reid. „Immunomodulatory properties of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC234/document.
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La biosynthèse de phénol-glycolipides (PGL) par Mycobacterium tuberculosis et M. leprae favorise l’invasion des macrophages via l'interaction de la partie saccharidique des PGL avec le domaine lectine du récepteur cellulaire au complément CR3. Les PGL inhibent également la production de cytokines inflammatoires par la cellule hôte, par un mécanisme inconnu. J’ai observé que des bactéries BCG transgéniques exprimant les PGL de M. tuberculosis ou M. leprae avaient une capacité de survie accrue dans les macrophages. Cette persistance intracellulaire était dépendante de CR3 et associée à une diminution de la production d'oxyde nitrique dans les cellules infectées. L’addition de PGL purifié suffisait à inhiber la production d’oxyde nitrique par des macrophages stimulés avec LPS/IFN-γ. J’ai montré que la liaison de PGL-1 à CR3 provoquait la dégradation post-transcriptionnelle de TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interféron-β (TRIF) dans les macrophages, ce qui entraînait une réduction de la signalisation TRIF-dépendante. Dans les macrophages stimulés avec LPS/IFN-γ, la dégradation de TRIF réduisait la production d’oxyde nitrique synthase, et la production TRIF dépendante de cytokines inflammatoires et des chimiokines. Mes résultats ont donc permis d’identifier un nouveau mécanisme de virulence développé par les mycobactéries pathogènes pour réprimer conjointement les réponses inflammatoires et antimicrobiennes de l’hôteBiosynthesis of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae promotes macrophage invasion, which proceeds through the interaction of the PGL sugar moieties with the lectin domain of cell-displayed complement receptor (CR3). PGL also limit host cell production of inflammatory cytokines by an unknown mechanism. I observed that transgenic BCG that express PGL specific to M. tuberculosis or M. leprae displayed enhanced survival within macrophages. Increased intracellular persistence of PGL-expressing BCG was CR3-dependent and correlated with the decreased production of nitric oxide in infected cells. Notably, the addition of soluble PGL to macrophages was sufficient to induce a reduction in nitric oxide production upon stimulation with LPS/IFN-γ. I showed that PGL-1 binding to CR3 causes the post-transcriptional degradation of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) in macrophages, resulting in impaired TRIF-dependent signaling. Functionally, PGL-1-mediated degradation of TRIF resulted in the decreased induction of nitric oxide synthase, and TRIF-dependent inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. My results thus identified a virulence mechanism evolved by pathogenic mycobacteria to suppress both the inflammatory and antimicrobial responses of infected host cells
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Audoin, Coralie. „Valorisation de métabolites secondaires issus de micro-algues : approches métabolomiques, isolement et caractérisation structurale“. Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4068.
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Les microalgues présentes à la fois dans les eaux douces et salées compteraient plus de 200 000 espèces. Cette diversité en fait une source potentielle de métabolites spécialisés originaux. Parmi les principales familles de substances naturelles valorisées actuellement, on peut citer les pigments, lipides, protéines, polysaccharides, caroténoïdes. Une vision plus globale du métabolome de chacune des espèces apparaît aujourd’hui nécessaire pour mieux mettre en valeur le potentiel commercial que représente cette « microbiodiversité ». Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord choisi d’approcher le métabolome de différentes souches de microalgues cultivées au sein de la Société Greensea en s’appuyant sur les techniques d’HPTLC, de RMN et d’UHPLC-QTOF pour une visualisation large. Cette étude nous a permis de regrouper les espèces par analogie métabolique après traitement statistique des données. Une seconde partie a consisté en une étude phytochimique approfondie de certaines souches et a conduit à l’isolement et la caractérisation de plusieurs molécules. Ainsi, en plus de métabolites connus, un peptide original portant un motif isoprényl, le cumbriamide a été caractérisé au sein de Lyngbya sp. et une première évaluation de son potentiel thérapeutique a été entreprise. Une large diversité en glycolipides s’est montrée prépondérante dans de nombreuses souches et une méthode de caractérisation a pu être mise au point pour leur identification par UHPLC-QTOF. Enfin, différentes applications des approches métabolomiques ont été envisagées. Ainsi, des études chimiotaxonomiques ont été menées sur les différentes souches de microalgues et l’influence de changements de conditions de culture sur la production de métabolites chez Nannochloropsis oculata a été observéeMicroalgae are present both in Oceans and freshwaters and could include more than 200 000 species. This diversity is a source of original specialized metabolites that can find a large array of applications. Pigments, lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and carotenoids are usual compounds produced by microalgae that have found commercial applications. A global vision of the metabolome of each species has showed promises to highlight the commercial value of this “microdiversity”. We then decided to assess the metabolome of several microalgae species grown at the Greensea company by using HPTLC, NMR and UHPLC-QTOF techniques for a rapid and global overview. A classification of the species according to their metabolomics similarities was obtained after statistics treatment of the data. A second part was dedicated to a phytochemical study of the extracts of selected strains and led to the isolation and characterization of several metabolites. Thus, in addition to known molecules, an original peptide substituted by an isoprenyl moiety and named cumbriamide has been characterized in Lyngbya sp and a first assessment of its therapeutical potential has been undertaken. Glycolipids have been identified as the major metabolites in the extracts of numerous strains and a UHPLC-QTOF method was developed for their identification. Finally, several applications of the metabolomics approaches were considered. Chemotaxonomic studies were first carried out and the influence of growth conditions on the metabolome of Nannochloropsis oculata was observed
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Cobo, Cardenete Isidro Felipe. „Glycolipids: synthesis and multivalent systems“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284152.
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Els glicolípids i particularment els glicoesfingolípids són compostos d’interès perquè poden interaccionar amb biofactors tot inhibint o interferint en processos fisiològics de les cèl•lules. Per exemple, els glicoesfingolípids que recobreixen les membranes cel•lulars poden interaccionar en processos de reconeixement amb bactèries, virus i toxines com per exemple la toxina del Còlera la qual inicia el procés d’infecció pel reconeixement de glicolípids com el GM1. Tot i que l’ús d’antibiòtics és el tractament més emprat, la resistència als antibiòtics a zones endèmiques fa necessària la recerca en síntesi d’inhibidors basats en derivats de carbohidrats. Donat que la síntesi de compostos glicoconjugats que presenten multivalència ha resultat competitiva en la preparació d’inhibidors contra patògens en aquest treball s’ha estudiat la síntesi de nous mimètics basats en -galactosilceramides; l’acoblament Sukuki-Miyaura en 2-iodoglicals per obtenir nous precursors de carbohidrats i l’anclat de -galactosilceramides en suports com polímers hiperramificats per tal d’avaluar la seva inhibició front la toxina del Còlera.Los glicolípidos y particularmente los glicoesfingolípidos son compuestos de interés porque pueden interaccionar con biofactores inhibiendo o interfiriendo en procesos fisiológicos de las células. Por ejemplo, los glicoesfingolípidos que recubren las membranas celulares pueden interaccionar en procesos de reconocimiento con bacterias, virus y toxinas como por ejemplo la toxina del Cólera la cual inicia el proceso de infección a través del reconocimiento de glicolípidos como el GM1. Aunque el uso de antibióticos es el tratamiento más empleado, la resistencia a los antibióticos en zonas endémicas hace necesaria la investigación en síntesis de inhibidores basados en derivados de carbohidratos. Dado que la síntesis de compuestos glicoconjugados que presentan multivalencia ha resultado competitiva en la preparación de inhibidores contra patógenos, en este trabajo se ha estudiado la síntesis de nuevos miméticos basados en -galactosilceramidas; el acoplamiento Sukuki-Miyaura en 2-yodoglicales para obtener nuevos precursores de carbohidratos y el anclado de -galactosilceramidas en suportes como polímeros hiperramificados con el fin de avaluar su inhibición frente la toxina del Cólera.
Glycolipids such as glycosphingolipids are interesting compounds because they can interact with biofactors by inhibiting or interfering in physiological processes on cells. For instance, the glycolipids which present on cellular membranes can interact with bacteria, virus and toxins. In deed, Cholera toxin starts its infective process once it has recognized glycolipids such as GM1. Although the use of antibiotics is the commonest treatment against this disease, the antibiotic resistance in endemic areas makes the investigation in the synthesis of inhibitors based on carbohydrate derivatives necessary. Due to the synthesis of multivalent glycoconjugated compounds have been competitive in order to prepare inhibitors against these pathogens, in the present work we have studied: the synthesis of new mimetics based on -galactosylceramides; the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling in 2-iodoglycals in order to obtain new carbohydrate precursors and the anchoring of -galactosylceramides in scaffolds such as hyperbranched polymers in order to evaluate their inhibition binding against to Cholera toxin
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Calabro, Kevin. „Valorisation dans le domaine de la cosmétique de métabolites produits par microalgues et cyanobactéries“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4100.
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Les secteurs de la parfumerie et de la cosmétique occupent une place proéminente dans la société moderne. De nombreuses entreprises se positionnent depuis plusieurs années sur les produits cosmétiques à ingrédients naturels. Les plantes, longtemps considérées comme matière première principale pour le domaine de la cosmétique, sont aujourd’hui concurrencées par les microalgues dont la biomasse devient plus facile à obtenir grâce aux avancées en biotechnologie bleue. Ainsi, Cosmo International Ingredients se positionne à travers cette thèse pour élargir son panel de matières premières valorisables dans le domaine de la cosmétique. Dans un premier temps, l’étude phytochimique de microalgues péruviennes a permis d’isoler et identifier une famille majeure de métabolites chez les microalgues : les glycolipides. Une recherche de conditions d’extraction optimale pour cette famille a été effectuée et a permis de proposer une méthodologie verte, spécifique et peu coûteuse. Les cyanobactéries connues pour leur production de métabolites structurellement diversifiés ont été sélectionnées pour la culture suivant des critères spécifiques. Cette approche a permis d’isoler et de caractériser 5 composés à forte valeur ajoutée dont 4 peptides et un alcaloïde. Enfin, un forçage métabolique a été effectué sur Microcystis aeruginosa afin d’optimiser la production des 4 peptides cibles. Il en est ressorti que les paramètres température et intensité lumineuse jouent un rôle important dans la production peptidiqueThe sectors of fragrances and cosmetics play a prominent role in the modern society. During the last decades, several companies have been focusing on nature to provide innovative products. Plants have historically been considered the main raw material in the cosmetic field but, recently, microalgae have been identified as a worthy competitor due to the facility to obtain biomass. Thus, the company Cosmo International Ingredients supported this PhD. thesis to broaden their range of raw materials that can be used for the cosmetic industry. First, the phytochemical study of Peruvian microalgae allowed the isolation of a major family of metabolites: glycolipids. An environmentally-friendly, selective and low-cost method for their extraction from the biomass has been developed. Cyanobacteria known for their production of structurally diverse metabolites have been selected for culture following specific criteria; as a result 5 compounds have been isolated and fully characterized, 4 of which were peptides and one was an indole alkaloid. Finally, to optimize the production of the targeted bioactive peptides, a kinetic study was performed for 3 different temperatures and 3 different light intensities. These parameters were found to play a critical role for the peptide production
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Nilsson, Ulf. „Structural requirements for glycolipid receptors recognized by uropathogenic E. coli synthetic and biological studies with fragments and analogs of globo oligosaccharides /“. Lund : Organic Chemistry 2, Lund Institute of technology, University of lund, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=EjdsAAAAMAAJ.
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Sather, Paula Joan. „Synthesis of cholesterol based model glycolipids“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29876.
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The synthesis of glycolipids containing a variable length polyethylene glycol spacer group between a glucuronic acid (glu) headgroup and a cholesterol (chol) tail
glu-0CH₂(CH₂OCH₂ )nCH₂O-chol
is described. The homologs (n=2,3,5) were prepared by reaction of an excess of commercially available tri, tetra and hexaethylene glycols with cholesteryl-p-toluene sulfonate. 3-O-(8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl) cholest-5-ene (2), 3-O-(ll-hydroxy-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)cholest-5-ene (3) and 3-O-(17-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecyl)cholest-5-ene (4) were produced, and yields were dependent on the amount of excess used. The headgroup was prepared by esterification and acetylation of glucuronolactone to produce methyl (1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyran)uronate which was then brominated at the anomeric carbon to produce methyl (2, 3, 4-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate (1). The headgroup was coupled to the cholesteroxy oligoethylene glycols by a Koenig Knorr type reaction using freshly prepared silver carbonate as the catalyst. Methyl[3-O-(3,6-dioxaoctyl)cholest-5-en-3β-y1-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosid] uronate (5), Methyl[3-O-(3,6,9-trioxaundecyl) cholest-5-en-3β-yl-2,3,4-tri-0-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosid] uronate (6), and Methyl[3-O-(3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecyl)cholest-5-en-3β-yl-2, 3, 4-tri-O -acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosid] uronate (7) were produced with yields of up to 30%. The removal of the methyl ester and acetate protecting groups on the headgroup was accomplished using NaOH in a mixture of solvents followed by acidification with HCl to produce 3-O-(3,6-dioxaoctyl)cholest-5-en-3β-yl-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (8) and 3-O-(3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)cholest-5-en-3β-yl-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (9).
Octaethylene glycol and dodecaethylene glycol were prepared using a solid supported synthesis. The solid polymer used was a trityl chloride functionalized polystyrene 1% divinyl benzene. Mono protected tetraethylene glycol was prepared and attached to the polymer. The protecting group was removed, and the hydroxy terminal was converted to a mesylate leaving group by reaction with methane sulfonyl chloride. To elongate the chain, the anion of tetraethylene glycol was prepared using sodium hydride in DMF. The tetraethylene glycol bound resin was added, and reaction continued at 120 °C for 24 hours. Cleavage of the resultant product from the polymer support yielded octaethylene glycol. Repetition of the mesylation and elongation steps followed by cleavage yielded dodecaethylene glycol. The oligoethylene glycols were purified by passage through a Fractogel 40S gel permeation column.
Two different protecting groups for the tetraethylene glycol were tried. Trialkyl silyl groups were first attempted, but were abandoned due to reduced reactivity and monitoring difficulties during the deprotection. An acetate protecting group was finally used and deprotection was monitored with infrared spectroscopy.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Norris-Cervetto, Edward. „Glycolipids and multidrug resistance in cancer“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419326.
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Matton, Pascal. „Glycolipides fluorescents et gouttelettes glycosylées“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE037/document.
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Certains agents pathogènes ou cellules tumorales échappent au système immunitaire parce que les cellules immunitaires ne reconnaissent pas les peptides ou protéines présents à leur surface. Les approches thérapeutiques favorisant la reconnaissance de ces peptides ou protéines faiblement immunogènes sont donc très attractives. Pour ainsi forcer l'activation des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes, plusieurs systèmes ont été décrits, à base de liposomes ou de nanoparticules inorganiques. Nous proposons ici d'utiliser un système à base de gouttelettes d'huile. Les micro ou nanogouttelettes d'huile végétale présentent de nombreux avantages par rapport aux microparticules solides inorganiques. Faites de triglycérides naturels, elles sont biocompatibles et biodégradables tout en étant plus robustes que les liposomes. Ce sont des plates-formes idéales pour construire des assemblages multifonctionnels pour la vectorisation. La première partie du projet traite de la synthèse de glycolipides nécessaires pour avoir une reconnaissance des gouttelettes par les lectines présentes dans le système immunitaire (DC-sign). La seconde partie du projet traite de la fabrication des gouttelettes d’huile fonctionnalisées avec les glycolipides précédemment synthétisés et la mise en évidence de leurs interactions avec des lectinesSome pathogens or tumour cells escape the immune system because the immune cells misrecognize their surface peptides or proteins. Therapeutic approaches, promoting the recognition of these poorly immunogenic peptides or proteins are thus very attractive. The strategy is then to process directly peptides or proteins through cell presentating cells. To this end, some systems have been described, based on liposome or nanoparticles. We propose to use an oil droplet based system. Among the microparticles, vegetal oil microdroplets have numerous advantages over solid microparticles. Made of natural triglycerides, they are biocompatible and biodegradable. They are ideal platforms to build multifunctional assemblies for vectorization. In this project, we aim to design and address lipid (soya oil) droplet to dendritic cells via the lectin DC -sign. The first part deals of the synthesis of glycolipids necessary for the recognition by lectins. The second part presents the fabrication of functionalized oil droplets with previously synthesized glycolipids and their interaction with lectins
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Chambers, Martina Natasha. „Synthesis of cellulosic glycolipids using engineered enzymes“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46032.
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Cellulose, a linear polymer of D-glucose units connected by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds, adopts a highly-ordered crystalline structure in solution. In cellulose I, the dominant form of cellulose in nature, the polymeric chains are aligned in the same direction. Previous attempts to synthesize cellulose I in vitro have resulted in the synthesis of cellulose II, which has the thermodynamically favored anti-parallel orientation of chains. The synthesis of soluble fragments or defined surfaces of cellulose I would enable more detailed study of carbohydrate binding domains and other proteins that interact with cellulose in nature.
The objective of this thesis is to prepare a crystalline surface of cellulose I in a controlled manner through the alignment of cellulolipids. A major focus of this thesis is the synthesis of cellulolipids with a cellohexaosyl head group. Cellohexaose is the shortest cello-oligosaccharide with cellulosic properties, but is consequently insoluble in aqueous solution. To improve the solubility of cellohexaose, the addition of a removable charged functionality was explored: either a terminal sialic acid or a phosphate group at the 6 position of the non-reducing terminal glucose. Abg2F6 glycosynthase from Agrobacterium sp. was used to synthesize β-1,4 linked cello-oligosaccharide fluorides from DP = 2 to DP = 4. These cello-oligosaccharides were modified with a removable charged functionality and utilized as donor substrates by CelB glycosynthase, a mutant of a β-1,4 endoglucanase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. Through the combination of glycosynthase enzymes and charged functionalities, a variety of soluble cellohexaosyl analogs were synthesized.
Lyso-glycosphingolipids were prepared by transferring cello-oligosaccharyl fluorides to D-erythro-C18-sphingosine using EGCase glycosynthase. CelB glycosynthase used charged glycosyl fluoride donors to extend the lyso-glycosphingolipids, yielding soluble cellulolipids. The soluble cellulolipids were aligned along an aqueous:organic interface and the charged functionality was removed. Thus, a surface was prepared that appeared to interact with a carbohydrate binding module functionalized with a fluorescent tag. The soluble cellulolipids were successfully incorporated into a nanodisc, as shown through the incorporation of phosphorylated cellohexaosyl sphingosine. Cleavage of the phosphate using alkaline phosphatase yielded a nanodisc containing cellulolipids.
Bücher zum Thema "Glycolipids"
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Kabayama, Kazuya, und Jin-ichi Inokuchi, Hrsg. Glycolipids. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9.
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H, Wiegandt, Hrsg. Glycolipids. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985.
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Daiki, Sasaki, Hrsg. Glycolipids: New research. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2008.
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Morris, Kates, Hrsg. Glycolipids, phosphoglycolipids, and sulfoglycolipids. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.
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Kates, Morris, Hrsg. Glycolipids, Phosphoglycolipids, and Sulfoglycolipids. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2516-9.
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K, Welply Joseph, Jaworski Ernest und University of California, Los Angeles., Hrsg. Glycobiology: Proceedings of a Smith, Kline & French Laboratories-UCLA Symposium held at Frisco, Colorado, January 14-20, 1989. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.
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Kinzy, Willy. Die Trichloracetimidatmethode zur Synthese von Glycokonjugaten mit Glucosamin als Komponente. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1986.
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1945-, Fukuda Minoru, und Hindsgaul Ole, Hrsg. Molecular glycobiology. Oxford: IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1994.
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C, Lee Y., und Lee Reiko T, Hrsg. Neoglycoconjugates. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.
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European Symposium on Carbohydrates (3rd 1985 Grenoble, France). Euro-carbohydrates 1985: Abstracts of the Third European Symposium on Carbohydrates : chemistry, biochemistry, technology : Grenoble, France, September 16-20, 1985 = Troisième Symposium européen sur les glucides : chimie, biochimie, technologie : resumés. Grenoble: Impr. de la Bibliothèque interuniversitaire, 1985.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Glycolipids"
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Suzuki, Kenichi G. N. „Single-Molecule Imaging of Ganglioside Probes in Living Cell Plasma Membranes“. In Glycolipids, 215–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_17.
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Satoh, Masashi, und Kazuya Iwabuchi. „Immunomodulatory Functions of α-GalCer and a Derivative, α-Carba-GalCer“. In Glycolipids, 1–11. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_1.
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Suzuki, Yusuke, und Kazuya Kabayama. „Structural Analyses of the Glycolipids in Lipid Rafts“. In Glycolipids, 145–52. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_12.
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Yamaguchi, Yoshiki. „NMR Analysis of Mammalian Glycolipids“. In Glycolipids, 181–88. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_14.
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Imamura, Akihiro, Hiromune Ando und Hideharu Ishida. „Chemical Synthesis of Gangliosides“. In Glycolipids, 89–100. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_8.
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Yamaji, Toshiyuki, und Yuta Homma. „Construction of Sphingolipid Remodeled Cells by Genome Editing“. In Glycolipids, 111–25. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_10.
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Nakayama, Hitoshi, Kei Hanafusa und Kazuhisa Iwabuchi. „Biochemical and Microscopic Analyses for Sphingolipids and Its Related Molecules in Phagosomes“. In Glycolipids, 203–14. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_16.
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Ito, Makoto, Yohei Ishibashi, Takashi Watanabe, Jun Iwaki, Toyohisa Kurita und Nozomu Okino. „Assays and Utilization of Enzymes Involved in Glycolipid Metabolism in Bacteria and Fungi“. In Glycolipids, 229–56. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_18.
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Hanamatsu, Hisatoshi, Takashi Nishikaze und Jun-ichi Furukawa. „Comprehensive Glycan Analysis of Sphingolipids in Human Serum/Plasma“. In Glycolipids, 289–99. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_21.
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Hirai, Go. „Sialidase-Resistant Ganglioside GM3 Analogues: Evaluation of Biological Activity“. In Glycolipids, 79–87. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Glycolipids"
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Schick, K. P., S. Shapiro, G. Tuszynski und J. Slawek. „SULFATIDES AND GLYCOLIPIDS IN PLATELETS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643641.
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Sulfatides are sulfated glycolipids which are negatively charged and thought to influence receptor mediated activities. Sulfatides have the capacity to provide a surface for the initiation of in vitro coagulation tests and these acidic lipids represent the potential biological surface for the initiation of the contact and intrinsic systems in vivo. Several sulfatides have been demonstrated in blood platelets. We have investigated sulfatides and other glycolipids in endothelial cells and platelets in order to define the cellular sources for sulfatides that would be available for influencing hemostasis. Endothelial cells were derived from primary cultures of human umbilical veins and human platelets were obtained from freshly-collected blood. Cellular lipids were extracted by the Folch method. Sulfatides and glycolipids were purified by silicic acid chromatography, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by the assay of sphingosine. Glycolipids were also analyzed by HPLC. Globoside was found to be the predominant glycolipid in endothelial cells while lactosyl ceramide was the predominant glyco-lipid in platelets. Sulfatides were detected by two approaches: 1) Sulfatide synthesis by the incorporation of [35S]-Sulfate; 2) The specific binding of [125I]-thrombospondin and [125I]-von Willebrand’s factor (vWF) to sulfatides separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Several sulfatides were identified in endothelial cells and platelets by virtue of the incorporation of [35S]-sulfate into glycolipids separated by TLC. [125I]-TSP and [125I]-vWF bound to the glycolipids that had incorporated [35S]-sulfate. [35S]-sulfate was primarily incorporated into sulfated galactosyl ceramide but both cells also synthesized complex glycolipids. TSP and vWF were shown to bind to sulfated galactosyl ceramide, a band that comigrated with glycosyl ceramide as well as with two more complex sulfatides in both cells. However, differences in sulfatide synthesis and binding of TSP to sulfatides were observed in endothelial cells from that in platelets. The study indicates that endothelial cells and platelets contain several sulfatides and thus are potential sources for sulfatides for the initiation of coagulation.
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Bale, N., M. Konst, L. Amaral-Zettler, E. Zettler, E. Hopmans und S. Schouten. „CYANOBACTERIAL HETEROCYST GLYCOLIPIDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FLOATING MACROALGA SARGASSUM“. In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134111.
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Arzhanova, E. L. „L-FUCOSE EFFECT ON DISRUPTIONS IN MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION AND METABOLISM OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES OF MUC2–/–MICE“. In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-289.
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L-fucose is a monosaccharide present in various glycolipids and glycoproteins and may participate in signaling processes of both epithelial and immune cells, in particular macrophages. We studied the metabolic and functional differences of peritoneal macrophages derived from a model of IBD and control mice before and after L-fucose treatment in vitro.
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Harper, Jacquie L., und Wayne B. Severn. „THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL VACCINES BASED ON THE IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF MYCOBACTERIAL GLYCOLIPIDS“. In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.405.
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An, Kai-Nan. „Computational Modeling of Ligaments and Tendons: A Tribute to Dr. Savio Lau-Yuen Woo“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53061.
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Tendons and ligaments are soft connective tissues that play an important role in the musculoskeletal system. The tendon transmits the concentrated tensions generated by the muscle to the bone, and the ligaments stabilize and guide the movement between bones connected at the articulating joints. To perform these tasks, these soft connective tissues are uniquely built to bear load transmission, but are flexible enough to allow the changing direction in their paths of alignment. To accomplish these requirements, the tendons and ligaments have a hierarchy of highly aligned collagen structures consisting of fibrils, fascicles and fibers, along with the ground substance of proteoglycans and glycolipids to form the tendon and ligament tissues.
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Tanaka, Kyoko, Daisuke Aoki, Seiji Isonishi, Mikio Mikami, Kazushige Kiguchi und Masao Iwamori. „Abstract 2241: Possible involvement of glycolipids in anticancer drug resistance of human ovarian serous carcinoma-derived cells.“ In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2241.
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Zuleger, Cindy L., Paul M. Sondel, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Erik A. Ranheim, Thomas A. McFarland, Jennifer Collins, Erin Clements, Giles Whalen, Uri Galili und Mark R. Albertini. „Abstract 2538: Immune responses to common melanoma-associated antigens following intratumoral injection of alpha-gal glycolipids in patients with advanced melanoma“. In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2538.
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John, George, und Charles Maldarelli. „Green Surfactants as Chemical Herders for Maritime Oil Spill Remediation“. In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/tsgz9344.
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The oil slick of a spill on the sea surface can be removed by compressing the oil layer to a sufficient thickness so that it can be burned. The application of chemical surface-active agents known as oil herders are commonly used in open waters to clean and contain oil slicks. In chemical herding, surfactant is dispersed as a monolayer onto the sea surface at the periphery of the oil slick to lower the air/sea surface tension. This causes the slick to contract upon itself. An effective herder is required to significantly lower the tension, and to dampen waves, which can act to break-up the herding monolayer encircling the spill. The focus of this research is to develop herders, which are environmentally friendly and naturally derived green surfactants - a difficult requirement because the marine biota is very sensitive to new chemicals. We have successfully demonstrated the utility of molecules present in the marine environment to lower the surface tension. To this end, we took advantage of the synergism between glycolipids, e.g., MGDG, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phytanic acid (an isoprenoid) which are both present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts of plants. These two molecules in the membrane form a low-tension system through efficient packing. We report measurements of the surface pressure isotherms using a Langmuir trough, and dilatational viscosity using an oscillating pendant drop. We confirm a synergism between MGDG and phytanic acid in mixed monolayers that results in a low tension, and a binding of the polysaccharide to the herding monolayer which results in high dilatational viscosity. Furthermore, we demonstrate pan scale experiments of the efficacy of this herding formulation.
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Mahmoudkhani, Amir, Jonathan Rogers, Martin Shumway und Hin Cheong Au Yong. „First Evidence for Shale Production Decline Due to Formation Damage Caused by C60+ Paraffin Wax Deposition: A Permian Case Study“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210414-ms.
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Abstract Analysis of the production decline curve revealed that the three candidate wells in West Texas depleted faster than a type decline curve, potentially indicating an abnormal permeability reduction mechanism. With the scaling tendency determined to be low to mild for carbonate scale in the formation brine, the use of acids for restimulation was ruled out. However, careful hydrocarbon analysis revealed the presence of a significant amount of heavy paraffin molecules with carbon number higher than C60 that comprise linear, branched and cyclic alkanes. Becasue lighter hydrocarbons permeate faster through the porous media than heavier fractions, dynamic and preferential adsorption-desorption of crude oil components on mineral surfaces account for changes occurring in hydrocarbon compositions during the life of a producing shale oil well. Furthermore, precipitation of heavy organics on the formation matrix could have contributed to the observed permeability reduction and production declines by causing flow restriction in pores and channels and changing wettability of rock surface. With the recent development and utilization of glycolipids, a biosurfactant-based squeeze program was tailored and applied on the three horizontal wells. Forecasted post-treatment production for a 16-month period following treatment was estimated to be 36,500 barrels of oil and 1.391 billion cubic feet of gas. After treatment, over the same period, the facility produced approximately 10,800 barrels of oil and 111,000 thousand cubic feet of gas above the forecasted production volumes, which is a 30% increase in oil volumes and 8% increase in gas volumes. Produced fluids have been collected over the period of 18 months after treatment application to monitor movement of heavy hydrocarbons and residual biosurfactants in both oil and water samples. The impact on improved oil recovery has been very significant with return on investment (ROI) occurring in less than three months.
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Pandey, Rishabh, Ali Ousseini Tinni und Chandra Shekhar Rai. „Experimental Investigation of Amphoteric and Microbial Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shaly Sandstones“. In SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213102-ms.
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Abstract To meet the increasing demand for oil and gas, surfactants have been used to increase hydrocarbon recovery. Use of surfactants reduces the Interfacial Tension (IFT) at fluid/fluid interface and wettability at rock/fluid interface and mobilizes trapped oil out of the pores. However, there are two main limitations of the surfactant flooding process—first, high reservoir temperature & salinity, and second, adsorption of surfactants on the rock surface. Surfactant adsorption alters wettability of reservoir rock from oil-wet to water-wet. However, it may not increase oil recovery, especially in conventional reservoirs with high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and temperature due to excess surfactant adsorption. This study tested two synthetic amphoteric surfactants, one nonionic biosurfactant, and a base case with produced brine to understand wettability, IFT, surfactant adsorption, and their effect on oil recovery in shaly sandstone formation. Produced brine has a TDS of 238,000 ppm. First, surfactant stability tests were performed on the three surfactants. Then, IFT measurements were performed between crude oil and surfactant solutions along with produced brine. Next, wettability alteration was studied by measuring contact angle on oil saturated rock samples before and after being exposed with surfactants and produced brine. Then, surfactant adsorption experiments were performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to calculate the amount of surfactant adsorbed on the rock sample. Next, surfactants and produced brine imbibition experiments were performed on plug samples at 145°F and 500 psi pressure, and oil recovery was quantified using 12MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Results showed that all three surfactants reduced IFT and altered wettability, but biosurfactant showed most reduction of IFT, much lower surfactant adsorption, and made the sample most water wet as compared to amphoteric surfactants. Imbibition experiments showed that biosurfactant have the highest oil recovery, while amphoteric surfactants have oil recovery even lower than produced brine. This study shows that surfactant adsorption effects oil recovery, which can lead to loss of surfactants from solution to the rock surface. This study suggests that biosurfactants with glycolipids can be effectively used in shaly sandstone at high TDS and temperature.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Glycolipids"
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Dockery, Keith. Investigations on Glycolipid Production by Pseudomonas Putida grown on Toluene in Batch and Continuous Culture Conditions. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6845.
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Gao, Hui, Chen Gong, Shi-chun Shen, Jia-ying Zhao, Dou-dou Xu, Fang-biao Tao, Yang Wang und Xiao-chen Fan. A systematic review on the associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood glycolipid metabolism and blood pressure: evidence from epidemiological studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0111.
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Review question / Objective: The present systematic review was performed to obtain a summary of epidemiological evidence on the relationships of in utero exposure to phthalates with childhood glycolipid metabolism and blood pressure. Condition being studied: Childhood cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, lipid profile (e.g., triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL−C, LDL−C) and glucose metabolism (e.g., insulin, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose) were the interested outcomes. Eligibility criteria: In brief, epidemiological studies including cohort study, case-control study and cross-sectional survey were screened. Studies regarding relationships between human exposure to organophosphate esters and neurotoxicity were possible eligible for the present systematic review. The adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes included development of cognition, behavior, motor, brain change, emotion, etc. Studies that did not meet the above criteria were not included in this systematic review.