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Muraleedharan, Aishwarya, und Reiterer Stefan Markus. „Combined glued laminated timber using hardwood and softwood lamellas“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58628.
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In this thesis, the behaviour of glued laminated timber combined with hardwood and softwood lamallae is investigated. The influence of hardwood in the tension and compression zone, in terms of strength and stiffness is evaluated.The basis of evaluation consists of determining the behaviour of beams with various combinations of hardwood solely in the tension zone along with beams with hardwood in the tension and compression zone. The influence of different amount of hardwood for both cases is studied my means of experimental and analytical methods.Experimental data attained by performing bending tests are evaluated for different combinations made from spruce and oak. By comparing the experimental and analytical data an increase in the strength and stiffness in various combinations is observed and potrayed which varies based on different wood species.
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Fawwaz, Maha, und Adnan Hanna. „Structural behavior of notched glulam beams reinforced by means of plywood and FRP“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19479.
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Nowadays, timber is widely used in construction industry thanks to its availability and good properties. The use of solid (sawn) timber is not always proper since it is only available up to certain dimensions. Therefore, the so-called Engineered WoodProducts (EWPs) have been introduced to cope with the different design needs of structures. The Glued laminated Timber (glulam) is a type of EWPs that consists of smallsections of timber laminates glued together to form beams and columns. Glulam can be manufactured in almost any size and shape; it can also be tapered or notched. However, notching a beam at its end leads to a stress concentration at the re-entrantcorner of the notch due to the sudden change in the notched beam’s cross section. The concentration of shear and tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain can lead to a catastrophic brittle failure caused by the crack propagation from the notch corner. Crack opening due to tensile stresses perpendicular to grain is the most common failure at the notch corner and it is always taken into design consideration. However,shear component is usually exists and must be also considered in design to guarantee the safety of the structure. Currently, only the normal forces perpendicular to the beam’s axis are considered in the design of the reinforcement in design handbooks. The aim of this thesis was to study the structural behavior of notched glulam beams reinforced by adhered plywood panels and FRP. The carrying capacity of the notched glulam beams at their ends is the main subject of this thesis. In addition, a review of the notched beams design, reinforcements, and analysis theories are included. Experimental series of three point bending tests with notched glulam beams withdifferent configurations of reinforcement was carried out in lab. Deformations and forces were measured both with conventional techniques and with contact-free measurement systems - ARAMIS. On the other hand, a simple model of two dimensional plane stress element has been created of the unreinforced notchedbeam in ABAQUS. The normal and shear stresses were calculated for a horizontalpath of 100 mm in length starting from the notch tip. Afterwards, the mean stresseswere determined for the same path and have been used in calculations. The Mean Stress Approach has been adopted in the hand calculations to calculate the crack length and the failure load according to the ABAQUS model. Accordingly, the failure load was about 40 kN for the unreinforced beams. Also, Eurocode 5 has been used to calculate the failure load which gave a value of 20.2 kN for the unreinforced beams. The average maximum applied load in tests was 30 kN for the unreinforced beams while it reached about two and a half times this value for the CF-reinforced and the plywood-reinforced beams.Tack vare sina goda egenskaper används trä i byggnadskonstruktioner i allt storeomfattning. Konstruktionsvirke (sågade trävaror) kan dock inte alltid användas pågrund av de begränsade dimensioner som finns tillgängliga. På grund av bl a dettahar ett flertal så kallade engineer wood products (EWP) utvecklats. Limträ är en typav EWP som består av sammanlimmade lameller som bygger upp tvärsnitt i balkareller pelare. Limträ kan tillverkas i nästan godtycklig storlek och form och kan enkeltförses med t ex urtag. Vid urtag i balkändar nära upplag uppstår högaspänningskoncentrationer vid urtagets horn på grund av geometrin. Koncentrationenav normalspänningar och skjuvspänningar kan leda till plötsligt brott på grund avsprickpropagering från urtagets hörn, något som måste tas hänsyn till viddimensionering. Dagens dimensioneringsmetoder är baserade på att man tar hänsyntill enbart normalspänningarna vinkelrät fiberriktningen.Målet med detta arbete har varit att studera beteendet hos limträbalkar med urtag vidupplag som förstärkts med fiberarmering eller plywood. Huvudmålet har varit attbestämma balkarnas bärförmåga, vilket skett genom att genomföra försök med olikakonfigurationer vad gäller förstärkningsmaterial och dess utformning. Vidare harolika dimensioneringsmetoder från litteraturen studerats.Kraft och förskjutning under provningarna uppmättes dels med traditionellamätmetoder, men deformationerna mättes även med beröringsfri metod, ARAMIS.En enkel tvådimensionell finit elementmodell skapades och analyserades i ABAQUSför analys av oförstärkt balk. Normalspänningar och skjuvspänningar beräknades ochmedelspänningarna längs en på förhand definierad sträcka beräknades.Medelspänningskriteriet användes sedan för att uppskatta balkens bärförmåga.Enligt FE-beräkningarna uppskattades bärförmågan för de oförstärkta balkarna till ca40 kN. Provningarna gav ett medelvärde på balkarnas bärförmåga på ca 30 kN,medan de förstärkta balkarna hade en 2,5 gånger högre bärförmåga. Skillnadenmellan FE-beräkningarna och provningarna kan förklaras med den osäkerhet somfinns vad gäller det aktuella trämaterialets egenskaper.Beräkningar enligt Eurokod 5 gav en karakteristisk bärförmåga på 20,2 kN.
3
Azambuja, Maximiliano dos Anjos. „Avaliação do adesivo poliuretano à base de mamona na fabricação de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-11072017-151910/.
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Este trabalho teve como finalidade o estudo da aplicação de um adesivo alternativo para a fabricação de madeira laminada colada (MLC). Este adesivo, à base de óleo de mamona, apresenta vantagens em relação ao tradicionalmente utilizado, considerando aspectos ecológicos e econômicos. Foram determinados parâmetros adequados para a colagem, e avaliada a compatibilidade entre adesivo e o tratamento com o preservativo hidrossolúvel de Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA - tipo C) e em madeiras sem o tratamento preservativo, em termos de resistência da linha da cola, por meio dos ensaios de cisalhamento, de tração normal e de tração paralela às fibras, usando a espécie Pinus caribea hondurensis. Com estes parâmetros, foram confeccionadas 12 vigas de MLC, utilizando-se as espécies de reflorestamento Pinus caribea hondurensis e Eucaliptus grandis. Foi avaliado o desempenho estrutural das vigas de MLC, por intermédio do ensaio mecânico de resistência à flexão, objetivando-se analisar a resistência da linha de cola. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir o bom desempenho do adesivo poliuretano à base de mamona, para a aplicação em madeira não preservada e preservada com OCA tipo-C. A pressão de colagem indicada para laminação das vigas é 0,8% MPa para madeira não tratada, e 1,6 MPa para madeira tratada. Para a fabricação das emendas das lâminas recomenda-se a pressão de colagem igual a MPa, para madeira tratada ou não.The aim of this work is the study of the use of alternative adhesive for glued laminated timber (GLULAM). This adhesive, based on castor oil, presents ecological and economical advantages in relation of traditionally used. The appropriate parameters for gluing were determined and the compatibility between this adhesive and treatment with the waterbome preservative of chromated copper arsenate (CCA-C) were evaluated through shear tests and tensions tests (perpendicular and parallel to the grain), using the species Pinus caribea hondurensis. With these parameters, were made 12 beams of GLULAM; using the species Pinus caribea hondurensis and Eucaliptus grandis. The structural performance of the beams of GLULAM was evaluated through static bending tests. The results obtained allow concluding the good performance of the adhesive polyurethane based on castor oil, for use in wood not preserved and preserved with CCA type-C. The gluing pressures indicated are 0,8 MPa for non-treated wood, and 1,6 MPa for treated wood. The gluing pressure recommended for finger-joints is 9 MPa, for treated wood or not.
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Icimoto, Felipe Hideyoshi. „Dormentes de Madeira Lamelada Colada (MLC) reforçados com tecidos de fibra de vidro“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-06082018-104852/.
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A primeira ferrovia no Brasil foi inaugurada em abril de 1854 pelo Barão de Mauá com 14,5 km de extensão. Atualmente o país possui 27980 km de ferrovias e esse modal tem participação em 25% na matriz brasileira de transporte de carga. Um dos componentes mais importantes da superestrutura ferroviária é o dormente, que pode ser fabricado utilizando-se diversos materiais como a tradicional madeira, que tem uso histórico e consagrado para esta aplicação estrutural, além do concreto e do aço, e mais recentemente, os compósitos poliméricos. As madeiras com maior tradição no uso em dormentes provêm de espécies nativas de alta densidade com consequente elevada resistência mecânica e durabilidade natural. Porém, devido às restrições impostas à extração destas espécies nativas, houve forte redução de sua oferta, sendo forçada sua substituição por madeira de florestas plantadas de eucalipto de alta densidade como E. citriodora, E. paniculata e E. tereticornis. Contudo, dormentes de diferentes espécies de eucalipto, pouco adequadas para esse uso, estão apresentando muitos problemas em via. Outra madeira de florestas plantadas muito utilizada no Brasil é o pinus e uma aplicação muito nobre para este tipo de madeira é a produção de elementos estruturais em Madeira Lamelada Colada (MLC). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo teórico e experimental de dormentes de MLC confeccionados com madeiras de Pinus spp. tratadas com CCA, coladas com adesivo poliuretano, e reforçados com tecido bidirecional de fibra de vidro. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo teórico e experimental a partir de ensaios estáticos e dinâmicos tendo-se em vista a necessidade de utilização de novas espécies de madeira de reflorestamento com resistência adequada a tal finalidade. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios realizados de acordo com a normalização vigente atestaram a viabilidade técnica da utilização de dormentes em MLC de Pinus spp. reforçados com fibra de vidro desde que sejam realizadas as classificações visual e mecânica das lamelas, para a obtenção das propriedades de resistência e rigidez necessárias.Brazil\'s first railroad was inaugurated in April, 1854 by Barão de Mauá with 14.5 km of extension. Currently the country has 27980 km of railways, and this transportation modal has 25% participation in the Brazilian freight transport matrix. One of the most important elements of railway superstructure is the sleeper (or tie), which can be manufactured from several materials, such as the traditional wood, that has historical and well-established use for this structural application, as well as concrete, steel, and recently, polymer composites. The classic sleeper is made by timber from native species of high density with consequent high mechanical strength and natural durability. However, due to the restrictions imposed on the extraction of these native species, there was a strong reduction in their supply, being forced to replace them with timber from high density eucalyptus planted forests such as E. citriodora, E. paniculata and E. tereticornis. Therefore, sleepers from different eucalyptus species, that are not suitable for this use, are presenting many problems on railroad. Another wood from planted forests widely used in Brazil is the pinus, and a very noble application for this kind of wood is the production of structural elements in Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam). The aim of this work was the theoretical and experimental study based on static and dynamic tests of Glulam sleepers manufactured using Pinus spp. treated with CCA, glued with polyurethane adhesive, and reinforced with bidirectional fiberglass fabric. For that, a theoretical and experimental study was carried out from static and dynamic tests, considering the potential use of new reforestation species of wood with suitable strength to this purpose. The results show technical feasibility in the use of Glulam sleepers made with Pinus spp. reinforced with fiberglass provided that visual and mechanical classifications of the timber are realized, in order to obtain the required strength and stiffness properties.
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Al-Djaber, Jafar. „Prestressed glue laminated beams reinforced with steel plates : Comparison between prestressed, reinforced and non-reinforced glue laminated beams according to the Eurocode and the Swedish annex“. Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236059.
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The paper presents details of a numerical analysis and simplified construction of strengthened glue laminated beams. Glue laminated beams are strengthened through the use of steel reinforcements embedded between the lamellas of the beams. The study compares the numerical results from reinforced and prestressed beams, simply reinforced beams and non-modified beams. Parametric studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects on reinforcement thickness, beam span, prestressing force and prestressing loss. Modified and prestressed beams with wide spans and large dimensions had a significantly higher design load compared to non-modified beams with similar geometry and span. In the most beneficial cases, a load increase of 438% was observed for point load at midspan and 346% for uniformly distributed load.
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Deng, James X. „Strength of Epoxy Bonded Steel Connections in Glue Laminated Timber“. University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8262.
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In New Zealand, there has been little use of epoxy bonded steel connections in the timber construction industry due to the lack of knowledge and experiences about the performance. A research was carried out both experimentally and theoretically to study the epoxy bonded steel connections in glue laminated timber. This research provides a better understanding of the mechanical and physical properties of such connections in tension, subjected to short and long duration load, with variables of embedment length, bar diameter, edge distance, hole diameter, moisture content, steel bar type and epoxy type.
In the study, five different failure modes were identified. A theoretical three dimensional model was established using a finite element method. The characteristics of the connection, the three dimensional stress distributions and the effect of the variables in the connections were studied using this model. The study shows that there is a strong correlation between the failure modes and the stress concentrations. It is possible to optimise the design of the connections by developing a better geometry.
The study also shows that the connections can be used safely in timber structures provided the moisture content of wood does not exceeding 22%.
Empirical equations were developed to predict the axial capacity of the connection in tension or compression.
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Martins, Gisele Cristina Antunes. „Análise numérica e experimental de vigas de madeira laminada colada em situação de incêndio“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-11102016-111511/.
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Elementos estruturais de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC) têm sido muito utilizados na América do Norte e na Europa. Entretanto no Brasil há restrições quanto ao uso, principalmente, em razão da insegurança diante de potenciais riscos relacionados a incêndios. Este trabalho investigou o comportamento térmico e mecânico de elementos estruturais de MLC expostos à curva de incêndio-padrão ISO 834, preparados com duas espécies de madeira (Eucalyptus e Pinus) sem adição de tratamentos preservantes. Adicionalmente, elementos tratados com preservante ignífugo a base Borato de Cobre Cromatado (MOQ® OX 50CCBO) ou tratamento retardantes ao fogo (OSMOGUARD® FR100) também foram utilizados para analisar a influência na carbonização. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi analisar a resistência ao fogo de elementos de MLC, avaliando a influência da espécie de madeira, a influência da densidade, bem como os efeitos dos tratamentos preservantes. O programa experimental foi realizado no forno horizontal a gás instalado no Departamento de Engenhara das Estruturas - EESC/USP, com dimensões internas de 3m x 4m x 1,5m, e as análises numéricas foram implementadas no pacote computacional ABAQUS. O modelo numérico, com vistas ao monitoramento a deflexão no meio do vão e a avaliação da distribuição da temperatura ao longo da profundidade dos elementos, foram desenvolvidos e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os dados obtidos por meio das análises experimentais. Métodos de cálculo propostos por diferentes autores e regulamentações internacionais foram aplicados para verificação das propostas de dimensionamento em situação de incêndio. A comparação dos resultados mostrou que a utilização dos métodos de dimensionamento (simplificado ou avançado) representa risco à segurança contra incêndio caso utilize valores para a taxa de carbonização das espécies nacionais determinados a partir dos métodos de cálculo ou normas internacionais.Structural elements of Glued Laminated Timber (glulam) have long been used in North America and Europe, but their use is still restricted in Brazil for safety reasons, especially related to potential risks in face of fire. The present work investigated the thermal and mechanical behavior of structural elements of glulam exposed to fire standard ISO 834. The glued laminated timber was produced from two wood species (Eucalyptus and Pinus) without any treatments. However, elements treated with wood treatments like Copper Chrome Boron (MOQ® OX 50 -CCB-O) or fire retardant treatment (OSMOGUARD® FR100) were also used to investigate their influence on charring. The main objective of this study was to assess the fire resistance of the glulam elements, evaluating the influence of wood species and, consequently, the influence of density, as well as the effects of preservative treatment. The experimental program was carried out in a gas oven, with internal dimensions of 3m x 4m x 1.5m, and the numerical analyses were performed by ABAQUS. The numerical analyses aimed to monitor the deflection in the middle of the span as well as the temperature distribution along the depth of the elements. The results obtained from both the experimental and numerical analyses were compared. Calculation methods proposed by different authors and international regulations have been applied for verification of the proposed design in fire. A comparison of the results show that the use of calculation methods (simplified and advanced) represents a risk to fire safety in case of using the values of char rate for Brazilian wood species determined from the calculation methods.
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Deng, Xixian. „Strength of the epoxy bonded steel connection in glue laminated timber“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7510.
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In New Zealand, there has been little use of epoxy bonded steel connections in the timber construction industry due to the lack of knowledge and experiences about the performance. A research was carried out both experimentally and theoretically to study the epoxy bonded steel connections in glue laminated timber. This research provides a better understanding of the mechanical and physical properties of such connections in tension, subjected to short and long duration load, with variables of embedment length, bar diameter, edge distance, hole diameter, moisture content, steel bar type and epoxy type.
In the study, five different failure modes were identified. A theoretical three dimensional model was established using a finite element method. The characteristics of the connection, the three dimensional stress distributions and the effect of the variables in the connections were studied using this model. The study shows that there is a strong correlation between the failure modes and the stress concentrations. It is possible to optimise the design of the connections by developing a better geometry.
The study also shows that the connections can be used safely in timber structures provided the moisture content of wood does not exceeding 22%.
Empirical equations were developed to predict the axial capacity of the connection in tension or compression.
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Ong, Chee Beng. „Performance of glue-laminated beams from Malaysian Dark Red Meranti timber“. Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760973.
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In this study, Malaysian Dark Red Meranti (DRM) was used to manufacture glulam beams, following closely the requirements of BS EN 14080:2013 so as to emulate commercial production. Phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), commonly used in structural glulam production, was used in the fabrication of finger joints and laminations of the glulam beams. Factors influencing the mechanical properties of finger joints and bonding performance of laminations were investigated. Full size glulam beams were manufactured and tested in bending with partial and complete carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement on the tension face and compared with the performance of unreinforced beams. A bench-scale fire test was proposed to describe the behaviour of DRM finger joints in tension under fire condition, in order to simulate the failure of finger joints on the tension side of a glulam beam in a standard fire test. Overall, DRM finger joints exhibited better bending strength than Spruce finger joints which represented softwood used in European glulam. Wood density and end pressure were shown to affect the strength properties of the finger joints. Higher cramping pressure was needed to produce DRM laminations with higher shear strength. The glulam beam with CFRP reinforcement had a higher bending strength than the unreinforced glulam beams but partial reinforcement had an adverse effect on beam strength. In the bench-scale fire test, DRM finger-jointed specimens exhibited lower charring rate than Spruce. Furthermore, PRF finger-jointed specimens showed better fire performance than finger-jointed specimens bonded with polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. In conclusion, it is hoped that results from this research will motivate engineers and architects in Malaysia to design and build structures from less-utilised local timber, specifically in the form of glulam, encouraging the timber industry in Malaysia to produce them commercially.
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Lundberg, Albin, und Pontus Forsberg. „FLERVÅNINGSHUS MED TRÄSTOMME : En undersökning av utformningsprocessen för detaljlösningar i trä“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44680.
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Multi-story wood frame construction is a highly relevant topic today because of the need to continue to develop the relatively new building technique to create a sustainable way to keep constructing new buildings. Because the use of wood as a frame material in multi-story buildings is still new, there are still issues that come with the choice to use it. One of these issues is in the detailed technical solutions that are constructed, they often have faults that may lead to problems with moisture. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate these problems and more importantly the process behind constructing them. This work is also examining what can be done to counteract or minimize the issues in the planning phases of the construction as well as look at why it is important to continue developing wood construction. There are two parts of the method used in this degree project. The first part is a literature study which brings up the attributes of wood, factors for using and not using wood, the techniques used to build multi-story buildings in wood, as well as a look into the detailed technical solutions that are used and the planning process behind them. The second part is the interview study where experts in the field are interviewed to get answers about the issues that this work brings up. The interviews provided a lot of information that is relevant for this work and the result consists of the most important answers from them. The biggest factor for continuing to develop the use of wood as a frame material, from the interviews, was about the eco-friendliness of the material. The attitude to use wood in multi-story buildings varies quite a bit depending on which part of the construction sector is asked. The developers are curious but still a bit worried, because of this they have not yet taken the next step in using it more. The entrepreneurs are still sceptical about the use in multi-story constructions and there is not enough knowledge about it for them to earn the same amounts of money as if they were to use concrete or steel. Because of that they are also worried about taking the next step towards using wood more. The consultants, like the architects and construction engineers, are more positive to the use of wood and are inclined to use it more and more. The issues that come up the most are different types of attachments of balconies and exterior corridors, parts that are installed too close to the ground and solutions where the end grain of the wood is in water. There were three main problems that came up repeatedly. The biggest one was the lack of knowledge in the planning and the production phases. The second one was about how there is often no one who looks at the bigger picture in the projects which entails mistakes that could be caught. The last issue was in the installation where the construction workers might not do it according to the construction drawings or a lack of drawings which leads to improvisation at the construction site. Recommended improvements could be a standardisation of the solutions that are proven to work for everyone to use. There is also a need for better communication which provides feedback to the designers of the solutions, that way they will know what to do better in the future. More relevant education within the topic and better coordination will also prove vital in the continued development of multistory wooden constructions.
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Ronstad, David, und Niklas Ek. „Study of glue-laminated timber connections with high fire resistance using expanded steel tubes“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70788.
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A key factor regarding fire safety of timber buildings is the performance of connections between the structural elements, since this determines the load-carrying capacity of the structure. Traditional timber connections do generally perform poorly in a fire compared to surrounding parts since the joints often consist of exposed metal parts and cavities which locally decreases the fire resistance. This weakness does often lead to the appliance of gypsum which removes the aesthetic appearance of timber. Through an innovative timber connection design, the hope is that the failings at elevated temperature are changed from the connection itself to surrounding parts thus increasing the fire resistance to the limits of the connected components. Two types of glue-laminated timber connections have been built and tested at RISE facilities in Borås with the purpose to determine if these could withstand fire exposure for 90 minutes under load. The connections are assembled by expanding hollow steel tubes that clinches the members together and at the same time makes the steel tube yield against the inside of the pre-drilled hole. Pre-stresses are created in the connection during this process that avoids an initial slip if the connection is loaded, which is one of the reasons that this type of connections is suitable in earthquake-prone areas. The joint design results in a significantly increased rotational stiffness, moment capacity and embedded energy of the joint in comparison with conventional timber connections. One of the connections is designed to withstand moment forces. The specimen is built as a beam to beam connection that is subjected to a four-point bending test at both ambient and elevated temperature. The connection withstood 39.5 kNm in ambient temperature and failed after 87 minutes and 6 seconds of fire exposure under load. However, failure in elevated temperature did not occur within the connection, and visual inspection after the test indicated that the steel tubes still were in excellent condition. The connection is therefore expected to have been able to withstand 90 minutes of fire exposure. The other connection is designed to withstand shear-forces and is built as a column to beam connection that is tested at both room temperature and elevated temperature. The connection endured a maximum shear-force of 181.4 kN in ambient temperature, approximately 30 kN higher than previously performed test with identical setup, and failed after 113 minutes of fire exposure under load. The failure in elevated temperature did however not occur inside the connection. The testing is limited to unprotected connections consisting of glue-laminated timber which are tested in accordance with ISO 834.En nyckelfaktor för brandsäkerheten i träbyggnader är prestandan hos förbanden mellan konstruktionselementen eftersom dessa bestämmer konstruktionens lastbärande kapacitet. Traditionella träförband har i allmänhet dåligt brandmotstånd i förhållande till omgivande delar, detta eftersom förbanden ofta består av exponerade metalldelar och kaviteter som lokalt försvagar brandmotståndet. Dessa svagheter motverkas ofta genom att montera gips vilket negativt påverkar träets estetiska utseende. Genom en innovativ konstruktion av träförband är hoppet att den svaga punkten vid förhöjd temperatur flyttas från själva anslutningen till omgivande delar, vilket ökar konstruktionens brandmotstånd genom att brandmotståndet då begränsas av prestandan hos de anslutna komponenterna. Två typer av limträförband har byggts och testats vid RISE-anläggningen i Borås med syfte att bestämma om dessa under belastning skulle kunna stå emot brandexponering under 90 minuter. Förbanden monteras genom att expandera ihåliga stålrör som klämmer samman elementen och samtidigt deformeras mot insidan av det förborrade hålet. Förspänningar skapas i förbandet under denna process som förhindrar en primär förskjutning om förbandet är lastat, vilket är en av anledningarna till att denna typ av anslutningar är lämpliga i jordbävningsbenägna områden. Denna konstruktion resulterar i en betydligt ökad rotationsstyvhet, momentkapacitet och inbäddad energi i jämförelse med konventionella träförband. En av anslutningarna är konstruerad för att motstå momentkrafter. Provkroppen är byggd som en balk-balkanslutning som utsätts för ett fyrapunkts böjningstest vid både rumstemperatur och förhöjd temperatur. Anslutningen klarade 39.5 kNm vid rumstemperatur och fallerade efter 87 minuter och 6 sekunder av belastning i förhöjda temperaturer. Brottet i förhöjd temperatur inträffade emellertid inte i anslutningen och den visuella inspektionen som utfördes efter testet indikerade att stålrören fortfarande var i utmärkt skick. Anslutningen bedöms därför ha kunnat motstå 90 minuters brandexponering. Det andra förbandet är konstruerat för att motstå tvärkrafter och är byggt som en pelare-balkanslutning som testas vid både rumstemperatur och förhöjd temperatur. Anslutningen klarade en maximal skjuvkraft på 181.4 kN vid rumstemperatur, cirka 30 kN högre än tidigare utfört test med identisk uppställning, och fallerade efter 113 minuters belastning i förhöjd temperatur. Brottet i förhöjd temperatur inträffade emellertid inte i själva anslutningen. Testerna är begränsade till oskyddade förband bestående av limträ som under brandpåverkan testas enligt ISO 834.
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Prokop, Miroslav. „Rozhledna v Beskydech“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409842.
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This master thesis deals with the design of load-bearing capacity of the observation tower in Besky-dy. The material used in main column is steel S355. The main column is a circular hollow construc-tion with diameter of 2,2 m. Inside the column is located a double spiral staircase. The upper part of observation tower simulates shape of treetop by rip column. It is made of glue laminated timber GL24h. The tower has four platforms of hexagon shape. The largest platform is 12,2m wide. The height of struction is 37,5 m. Internal forces have been calculated in software RFEM and based that the structural assessment has been made. The thesis is drawn up pursuant to the standards of ČSN EN.
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Slavíková, Michaela. „Rekreační jezdecké středisko“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240107.
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This final thesis projects an areal of riding center with four objects. The first one is complex of stabels ,the second one is riding hall, , and the last two area family house and litte apartment for accomodation of employeers and visiters. For objects one and two is complete documentation, the other ones are processed as a studie. All the buildings are designed as a timber structure, the ridding hall is created by glue laminated timber girders.
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Rantová, Katarína. „Jezdecká hala ve Valašském Meziříčí“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372199.
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The subject matter of this diploma thesis is a design timber structure of riding hall. The hall is a one nave building. The dimensions of ground plans is 32,0m x 70,0m and the hall is 10,0 meters high. The load-bearing structure consists of arched ribs.This timber structure composed of glued laminated timber. The building is located in Valašské Meziříčí, climate loads are designed for the area. The calculation were made in accordance with the Czech technical norms ČSN EN. The structural design and analysis is performed by software SCIA Engineer 17.
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Nosková, Denisa. „Vyhlídková věž v západních Jeseníkách“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227168.
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The purpose of this thesis is to create design and static assessment of the viewing tower in western Jeseníky mountains. The Ground plan is formed by regular hexagon with outer diameter 0.8 meter. Glued laminated profiles, steel tubes and elements of solid wood were predominantly used for the construction of the building. The viewing tower has four viewing platforms and total high of the structure is 28.5 meters.
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Tran, Tram Anh Teresa. „Convergence: A New Future for the Samuel Madden Homes“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90881.
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Housing in prosperous American cities is becoming increasingly expensive, forcing many municipal governments to re-evaluate how they will continue to serve lower-income residents and ensure equitable access to housing and resources. In the City of Alexandria, the Alexandria Re-Development and Housing Authority (ARHA) has worked in recent years to partner with private developers to convert its existing stock of low-density, designated-affordable housing into more dense, mixed-income communities. This is possible because many of its existing communities sit on land in now-prime locations where the City currently allows the most density, as well as bonus density through a variety of mechanisms.
While these projects have succeeded to some extent, the City is unfortunately still seeing a rapid rise in rents accompanied by a rapid decrease in available affordable housing of all types, in both privately-developed and publicly-subsidized communities. Increasing income disparity is also simultaneously driving lower-income to middle-class residents to suburban and exurban sites where limited access to municipal resources and public transportation can be highly detrimental to quality of life.
While additional density is the knee-jerk response to many of affordability's challenges, often the resulting built solutions seem incomplete – achieving the basic goal of housing more residents, but failing to build thriving and diverse communities that connect people the way previous communities may have. After all, the pragmatics of building generally point towards maximizing square footage, monetary return, and speed of delivery by using conventional and commonly-accepted solutions, with less energy given to resident outcomes, and how people might be affected by the change to their living environments and communities.
As Jan Gehl and Jane Jacobs examined in Cities for People and The Death and Life of Great American Cities respectively, simple pragmatics do not make for livable environments. A truly humanist approach to design for living in cities requires not only good policy, practice, and engagement, but also architectural strategies that respond to how humans relate to each other and their surroundings.
Convergence explores how designers can contribute to making urban housing better for everyone by addressing housing affordability, person-to-person interaction, and community engagement in increasingly-dense environments.
Its primary objectives are:
• Encouraging neighborliness by increasing chance encounters as well as reducing the sharp threshold between private and public space often found in apartment-style buildings.
• Increasing the visibility of human activity to the street in a multi-floor, multi-family project.
• Using new mass timber methods and modularity to improve initial building construction and cost while also incorporating sustainable practices to reduce resource use and operating cost.
• Anticipating that modification and reconfiguration will be required in the future, and offering defined parameters to simplify that process.
• Creating a variety of unit sizes while also offering future flexibility to respond to changing community needs.
• Combining the familiar with the novel to connect the new community to its surroundings, bridge experiences, and manage change.Master of Architecture
In the City of Alexandria, the Alexandria Re-Development and Housing Authority (ARHA) owns several affordable housing sites in desirable locations that it has been working to convert into more dense, mixed-income housing in partnership with private developers. While these projects have succeeded to some extent, housing in the City continues to become increasingly expensive, and wages for low-income and lower-middle class residents are not keeping pace with the increase in cost of living. This phenomenon is pushing many long-time and/or lower-wage residents to the suburbs and exurbs, limiting access to municipal resources and public transportation, and reducing quality of life. As a result, communities and families with long histories in the City are breaking apart and dispersing. Many advocates, policymakers, designers, and developers have turned to additional density as the most immediate response to these concerns. However, additional density isn’t enough; new buildings may house more people, but fail to address the other aspects of building thriving and diverse communities that connect people the way previous communities may have. Good housing and good communities need more than square footage, so it is time to look beyond conventional solutions. New approaches are needed to respond to how people are affected by changes to their living environments and communities, and create the kinds of positive outcomes that should be part of any new housing project. Therefore, if we want to design for living in cities, we have to have good policies, practices, and engagement, but we also need architectural strategies that respond to how humans relate to each other and their surroundings. Convergence explores how designers can contribute to making urban housing better for everyone by addressing housing affordability, person-to-person interaction, and community engagement in increasingly-dense environments. Its primary objectives are: • Encouraging neighborliness by increasing chance encounters as well as reducing the sharp threshold between private and public space often found in apartment-style buildings. • Increasing the visibility of human activity to the street in a multi-floor, multi-family project. • Using new mass timber methods and modularity to improve initial building construction and cost while also incorporating sustainable practices to reduce resource use and operating cost. • Anticipating that modification and reconfiguration will be required in the future, and offering defined parameters to simplify that process. • Creating a variety of unit sizes while also offering future flexibility to respond to changing community needs. • Combining the familiar with the novel to connect the new community to its surroundings, bridge experiences, and manage change.
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Vincour, Jan. „Aquapark“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226897.
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Object of Diploma thesis is the structural design of a load bearing structure of the aquapark in the Brno area. The main structure is designed as lamella arch on the cylindrical surface with one curvature with 30 m span and 4.5 m camber. The structural material is glue-laminated timber with inner steel plate joints.
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Stloukal, Radim. „Konstrukce autosalonu v Jihlavě“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265434.
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The subject of this thesis is a structural design of a car showroom in municipality Jihlava. For this purpose two different concepts were developed. The main bearing system of the first consists of steel truss girder supported by single profile steel columns. The second idea, a structure with axial ground area 36,0 x 18,5-23,5 m , is made from glue laminated timber. The second mentioned concept was chosen for detailed calculation and documentation. The structure was modelled by 1D member while using Scia Engineer. Results obtained from the computer analysis were taken and main strutctural members were check by manual calculation.
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Tapšáková, Ivana. „Multifunkční objekt ve Znojmě“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226906.
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The subject of the master thesis is a design and static analysis of the load-bearing multi-storey steel structure with the timber entrance shelter of the multifunctional building in Znojmo city. There is a shopping centre situated on the ground floor, other floors are mostly used as offices. The ground plan of the steel structure has a shape of a regular 20-tagon with circumscribed circle diameter 30 m. The height is 35,5 m. The building has 6 storeys at all. The racking resistance is ensured by combination of frame-shear truss and rigid frame. In the front part of the building there is an airy cut-out space situated and it is running from the ground floor until the roof structure. The glue laminated timber shelter by the entrance of the building reaches a height of the first floor and its length is 10 m.
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Malchárek, Robert. „Zastřešení víceúčelového sportovního objektu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265602.
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The subject of the Diploma thesis is a design wooden structures of a multipurpose sport building in Šumperk. The floor plan measurements of the building are 45,0 x 48,0 m with the maximum height 15,0 m. The solution is choosen on the basis of two variants. The structures is designed with respect to ultimate and serviceability limit states. The multipurpose sport building is consist of 13 main truss centre to centre spacing 4,0m. The main structural system is design as the three-hinged arched structure made of solid timber and in the second variant as the arched structure made of glue laminated timber. The spatial rigidity of the structure is secured of diagonal bracing. The roofing is carried by rafter which are safed by purlin and then by upper chord. The steel columns are design as a part of gable wall. The project was carried out in the scia Engineer 2014 software. Some of the particular elements both variants were checked and designed by manualy calculating. The thesis includes structural design report, joints structures, drawings and production drawing the element of the three-hinged arched structure.
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Turková, Martina. „Rozhledna na jižní Moravě“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240264.
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This master’s thesis deals with the design and static assessment of a lookout tower in The Brno Zoological Garden situated on the hill called Mniší hora. The construction of the lookout tower is meant to be of a circular ground plan and its overall height is 31 m. The construction was designed in two variants. For both methods was used a combination of steel and solid or glued laminated timber. For detailed elaboration was selected only one variant. The lookout tower was assessed in a Scia Engineer 15.1 software.
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Junková, Karolina. „Jezdecká hala v Českém Těšíně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240357.
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The subject of my diploma thesis is to design timber and steel variants of riding hall. For static assessment was chosen timber. The hall is a one nave building. The dimensions of ground plans is 35,0 m x 75,0 m and the hall is 11.70 meters high. The load-bearing was formed by a curved glue laminated timber trusses. The building is located in Český Těšín, climate loads are designed for the area. The calculation were made in accordance with the Czech technical norms ČSN EN.
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Sikorová, Radka. „Multifunkční centrum v Jihlavě“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372038.
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The aim of this master thesis is to design and check a bearing structure of The multifunctional center in Jihlava. A bulding is partly ground flooring. The structure follows an L-curve in a plan with the biggest axial lenght of 40 m. A roofing is in a shed shape and the pitch of the roof is 5,73°. The highest point of the bearnig structure is 11,5 m. The structure has various frame systems, which is a truss, a gross-cross section beam with an inner column in the middle of a span and a gross-cross section beam without an inner column. The structure is designed mainly from timber members, a glulam and solid timber. A steel part of structure consists of the metal fasteners and rods.
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Špeta, Václav. „Ocelová konstrukce obytné budovy“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226905.
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The master's thesis deals with a project of the steel structure of a residential building. The building is thought like sevenfloor balcony-access house. The access balcony is situated in atrium in the middle of the building, which is roofed with a shell dome. The regular hexagon creates a ground plan of each floor. Every floor is turned 30 degrees compared to the next floors. The longest cross dimension is 43 m (axial). The height of the building is 30,4 m (including copula envelope). The final structure is chosen on the basis of optimization of the structural variants. The climatic load angle structure falls into the locality of the town Brno. The vertical supporting structure is made from steel-concrete accoupled circular section columns. The floor structure is designed from the steel rolled section I and H. These support assembly of a horizontal structure. Some joists and girder are designed like accoupled with a concrete floor slab. The copula above atrium is made from glue laminated timber ribs. Infill rods are from steel tube. The top ring of copula is designed from the rolled section UPE.
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Lauková, Alžbeta. „Jezdecký areál“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240476.
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The aim of the project is a new construction of an equestrian center in the cadastral area Kuřim, South Moravian Region. It is designed for the public. The building has two aboveground floors. In the object there is stable, a riding hall with handy storages that are separate from the public. Another part is divided into facilities for riders, restaurant and accommodation. The second floor has a café, shop and offices. The hall is designed as a reinforced concrete frame, the other parts of the brick system Porotherm. The roof is pitched. The cladding is designed as a ventilated facade.
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Jaitnerová, Vendula. „Jezdecký areál ve Žďáře nad Sázavou“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239993.
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The diploma thesis deals with the project of the horse-riding grounds situated near the town of Žďár nad Sázavou. The complex of buildings consists of two riding halls, a groundskeeper’s flat, stables with a zone for riders and outside stable-boxes for horses. The buildings are laid out in a way to create a closed farmyard. There is a built-in unit located in the larger hall together with accommodation and restaurant with a great view to the riding hall. The horse-riding grounds are used for equitation In the first place. The two outside sandy riding arenas and the two indoor halls give an ideal opportunity for regular horse training as well as riders training. The halls would be also useful for holding the riding works all year round. It is possible to stable 19 horses in the indoor stable and 8 more in the outside stable-boxes in the farmyard. This diploma thesis deals with the project of horse-riding hall with a built-in unit, it also deals with a project for the groundskeeper’s flat and outside stable-boxes for horses. In the framework of the diploma thesis two specialties were elaborated – the project for heating in the built-in unit and the groundskeeper’s flat as well as the project for roofing the riding hall with the glue laminated timber girder. There are seminar paper and architectonic sketches included in the diploma thesis.
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Vojta, Radek. „Zastřešení planetária“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265445.
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The aim of the final thesis was to design and assess timber loadbearing structure of planetarium located in Brno and height of the construction 10 m. Designed building of planetarium consists of dome and hall, which operate separately. The structure is designed from glue laminated timber, solid timber and steel bracing, ridge ring and connecting elements. Building foundations is solved by reinforced anchor blocks fixed to foundation pads, which are connected by foundation strips. Loadbearing structure of the dome consists of arched beams together with purlins and ridge ring. Stability is ensured by 4 fields of cross bracing located between purlins. Loadbearing structure of the hall consists of roof and wall beams connected by frame corners together with roof and wall purlins. In gable walls is structure complemented by columns. Stability is ensured by diagonal and vertical elements situated between wall purlins, which together form a truss system.
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Stehlíková, Iveta. „Zastřešení sportovního objektu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391904.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is designed and reviewed the roof of the timber construction of sports structure, the span is 50 m and the length is 90 m. The design of the structure is located in Ústí nad Orlicí. The shape of the hall is arc sector. The structure is designed from glue laminated timber, solid timber and steel load bearing elements. The main load bearing elements are truss girders, which static function as two hinged arch. The stability of the girders is ensured by purlins, transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners. The stiffeners are situated in five fields. Front sides are made by girts and truss columns.
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Čierny, Juraj. „Obchodní dům“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265530.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is a design of the multy-storey steel structure with a wooden dome structure of the shopping centre in city of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. Minimum build-up area is 2 000m2. Minimum number of storeys is set at 2. Steel structure is composed as a frame construction with composite steel-concrete ceilings. Building has 2 storeys at all. Wooden structure of dome is composed by glue laminated curved beams. The structural design and analysis is performed by software SCIA Engineer 15.
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Hentschelová, Tereza. „Sportovní centrum“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410001.
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The goal of this thesis is to elaborate project documentation of new sports centre. The building is situated on a plot No. 1930/48 of the cadastre territory in the town of Pacov. It is a building without cellar with two above-ground floors part on the area of 595,6 m2. The first floor part circuit structure consist of reinforced concrete walls with an outdoor climbing wall. The roofing is the mono-pitches roof with glue laminated timber beam and purlin with metal roofing. The building features an indoor climbing wall and a bar with seating. The second floor part is made of wooden CLT panels, the roof is designed as a green flat roof. This section provides facilities for athletes and staff and exercise halls. There are 50 parking spaces for cars in the building.
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Horká, Petra. „Sportovní hala“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225530.
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The goal of this master´s thesis is to design load bearing structure of a sports hall. The thesis is elaborated in two variants of the structure design of the sports hall for common types of sports (handball, footsal, tennis, volleyball, basketball). The ground plan dimension is 42 to 72 meters and the construction height is 8 meters. The construction is designed for the district of Brno city. In the structural anlysis there were the following main load bearing structural elements designed and examined: glue laminated timber truss, wood purlins, steel beams, rods and bracing, columns, which together with the transverse girders are linked and foot and anchoring. The selected variant is also further developed. Part of the work is drawing documentation of the choosen variant, disposition drawing and drawings of the selected details.
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Bartoň, Ondřej. „Stavebně technologický projekt Aquacentra Kouhoutovice“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265686.
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The diploma thesis deals with construction technological project of Aquacentre Kohoutovice. The thesis handles technological prescription of compact external cladding assembly including supporting structure. The thesis also includes assessment of transport itinerary, itemized budget with bill of quantities, design of site equipment, time and financial plan, construction schedule, machine assembly, control and test plan and safety and health care policy.
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Tunková, Eliška. „Víceúčelový objekt v Pardubicích“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392088.
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The topic of my diploma thesis is a design of a construction of a multipurpose building. The floor plan is of irregular shape with a maximal span of 35 metres. There are two buildings in shape of a hexagon, to which another building in shape of a half of a hexagon is connected. Part of the building is designed as a two-storey building and all parts are different in height. The hight of the designed building in its highest point is 13,5 metres. The load-bearing structure consists of glued laminated wood elements and raised wood with steel elements used as fasteners. The construction is designed alternatively from wood and steel. The static solution was made using the RFEM software.
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Samsvik, Jonas, und Adam Norén. „Framtagning av spännviddstabell för ribbdäcksbjälklag“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Byggteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30449.
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Examensarbetets syfte är att finna en beräkningsgång för ribbdäcksbjälklag så att en spännviddstabell kan skapas. Ett ribbdäcksbjälklag består av stående limträbalkar med en liggande KL-träskiva ovan som fungerar som golv. I detta examenarbete är KL-träskivan 2,4 meter bred och vilar på två limträbalkar. Full samverkan mellan de olika materialen råder. Idag finns det några aktörer på marknaden som levererar liknande typer av bjälklag men det finns ingen beräkningsgång preciserad i Eurokod. Förstudien till examensarbetet har visat på att tillvägagångssättet för att lösa den mest problematiska beräkningen har varit densamma för de företagen vi har kollat på. Svårigheten är att beräkna den effektiva bredden för tvärsnittet. Det finns även olika standarder som gäller för hur stor nedböjningen får vara för ett bjälklag. I examensarbetet utförs beräkningar för att uppfylla de krav som gäller i Sverige samt de krav som gäller i Österrike. Detta görs för att dalamissivträ misstänker att kraven på de österrikiska bjälklagen är högre ställda med avseende på svikt, de vill kunna erbjuda ett styvare bjälklag. I tabellen ska dimensioner anges för att respektive krav ska uppfyllas. De österrikiska kraven har visat sig vara hårdare ställda jämfört med de svenska och kommer därför att kräva en balk av större dimension i de lägre lastfallen. I fallen med större laster kommer balkdimensionerna mellan de olika lastfallen inte att skilja sig. Där har det visast sig att branddimensioneringen varit helt dimensionerande. Tabellen ska vara ett hjälpmedel för företaget Dala massivträ att lättare nå ut till beställare. Beräkningsgången har gjorts i Mathcad, där okända parametrar har lösts ut och beräknats fram. Vissa parametrar har varit fasta utifrån Dala massivträs önskemål, så som KL-träskivans tjocklek och ingående komponenters materialegenskaper. När beräkningarna har gjorts har de kontrollerats så att momentkapacitet och tvärkraftskapacitet är tillräcklig i respektive last fall och spännvidd. Nedböjningen har kontrollerats liksom branddimensioneringen. Har bjälklaget inte uppfyllt hållfastighetsdimensionering eller kraven för svenskstandard alternativt österrikiskstandard har en högre dimension valts på limträbalken. Limträbalk har valts utifrån Setra trävarors standardsortiment. Resultatet av beräkningarna har förts in i en spännviddstabell som byggts upp för att enkelt kunna välja balk utifrån tänkt last fall. Beräknings exempel finns redovisat i en bilaga där ett lastfall och en spännvidd redovisas. Resultatet leder till att varje spännvidd och lastfall får två dimensioner, en för att klara svensk standard och en för att klara österrikiskstandard. I diskussionen diskuteras eventuella felkällor, effekten av tätare placering med limträbalkar och orsaken till en differens i jämförelsen mellan Mathcad och Calculatis. Även resultatet i spännviddstabellen diskuteras.The purpose of the degree project is to find a calculation path for ribbed deck joists so that a span width table can be created. A ribbed deck joists consists of standing glulam beams with a lying cross laminated timber slab above which functions as a floor. In this thesis, the cross laminated timber board is 2.4 meters wide and rests on two glulam beams. Full cooperation between the different materials prevails. Today, there are some players in the market that deliver these types of floor but there is no calculation rate specified in Eurocode. The preliminary study for the degree project has shown that the approach to solving the most problematic calculation has been the same for the companies we have looked at. The difficulty is to calculate the effective width of the cross section. There are also different standards that apply to how large the deflection may be for a beam. In the thesis work, calculations are performed to meet the requirements that apply in Sweden and the requirements that apply in Austria. Dimensions must be specified in the table for fulfilling the respective requirements. The Austrian requirements have proved to be harder compared to the Swedish ones and will therefore require a beam of greater dimension in the lower load cases. In case with the larger loads, the beam dimensions between the different loads will not differ because it has been shown that the fire has been dimensional. The table should be a tool for the company Dala massivträ to reach the customer more easily. The calculation path has been made in Mathcad, where unknown parameters has been solved and calculated. Some parameters have been fixed based on Dala massivträ´s wishes, such as the thickness of the cross laminated timber board and the material properties of the component parts. Once the calculations have been made, they have been checked so that torque capacity and transverse power capacity are sufficient in the respective load cases and span. The deflection has been checked as well as the fire dimensioning. The flooring has not fulfilled the dimensioning or the requirements for Swedish standard alt. Austrian standard has a higher dimension selected on the glulam beam. Glulam beam has been selected based on Setra's wood products standard range. The result of the calculations has been entered into a span table which has been built up in order to be able to easily select the beam from outside the intended load case. The calculation example is presented in an annex where a load case and a span are reported. The result is that each span and load fall get two dimensions, one to meet the Swedish standard and one to cope with the Austrian standard. In the discussion, is discussed possible sources of error, the effect of denser placement with glulam beams and the cause of a difference in the comparison between Mathcad and Calculatis. The result in the span table is also discussed.
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Morcinková, Eliška. „Výstavní galerie v Olomouci“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240078.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of bearing construction of the Exhibition gallery in Olomouc. The building is of irregular shape with the biggest span of 50 m. The bearing structure in the highest point goes up to 14,6 m. The main design material is the glue-laminated timber GL24h and GL32h. The optimization of chosen parts of the structure has been made and the best option was then used in the detailed structural calculation. The bearing structure consists of circular columns to which the floor beams and roof trusses are connected. The irregular structure of the gallery comprises of three different roof types – flat trafficable roof, double-pitched glass roof formed by pitched cambered trusses and single-pitch roof spanning over the central part of a 20,7 m span. Within the thesis the design and check of the main structure members and connections has been made. The entire structure is pinned and its stiffness is secured by the system of tension rods and rigid floor and roof construction respectively.
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Uherka, Pavel. „Tepelně-vlhkostní analýza konstrukcí masivních dřevostaveb“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240341.
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This thesis deals with massive wooden buildings especially with regard to the current approach to their design, assessment and approval. In this thesis are shown future possibilities of development of traditional wooden buildings with regard to current thermal technical requirements. Theoretical considerations are then compared with measurements which were performed on massive wooden wall samples.
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Rohlena, Jan. „Sportovní centrum“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265264.
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The objective of the present thesis is to design a sports center and provide the relevant design documentation for it. The designed building is situated on a flat plot in Hradec Králové which is intended as a building plot or a sports/relax area. The designed sports center is a two-level building without cellar with a flat roof. The building foundations are designed as foundation strips, mainly from plain concrete. The external, loadbearing, and partition walls are designed with clay blocks POROTHERM. The floor structure is designed with prestressed concrete floor slabs SPIROLL. The thermal insulation is resolved with ventilated facade with facade panels. CEMBRIT SOLID. The building is divided into three individual functional units with one shared entrance. It consists of two sports halls with facilities designed for sportsmen and staff, and a gym together with the facilities for costumers. A restaurant and a kitchen are situated in the second floor.
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Sauer, Vít. „Sportovní centrum“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371931.
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The content of the master´s thesis is new building sports hall of ball sports. This building has contains no cellar and three above-ground floors. In ground floor, there are playing area, changing rooms, relevant functional facilities including utility rooms. The first floor is completely reserved for spectators, there are tribune for sitting spectators, gallery for standing spectators, hygienic rooms and buffet for spectators. In the third floor, there are rooms for VIP spectators, briefing room, head office of sports hall including conference room, spaces for TV transmission, hygienic rooms and utility room. Object is based on concrete foundation pads and strips foundation. Structural system of the object is combination of column system from cast-inplace reinforced concrete and wall system from brickwork. Floor structures over above the first and second floor are designed as castin- place reinforced concrete, floor structure above the third floor is folded from wood beams. Loadbearing structure of roof is system of glue laminated timber girders, roof cladding is mechanically anchored.
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Lehan, Andrew Robert. „Development of a Slab-on-Girder Wood-concrete Composite Highway Bridge“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32480.
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This thesis examines the development of a superstructure for a slab-on-girder wood-concrete composite highway bridge. Wood-concrete composite bridges have existed since the 1930's. Historically, they have been limited to spans of less than 10 m. Renewed research interest over the past two decades has shown great potential for longer span capabilities. Through composite action and suitable detailing, improvements in strength, stiffness, and durability can be achieved versus conventional wood bridges.
The bridge makes use of a slender ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) deck made partially-composite in longitudinal bending with glued-laminated wood girders. Longitudinal external unbonded post-tensioning is utilized to increase span capabilities. Prefabrication using double-T modules minimizes the need for cast-in-place concrete on-site. Durability is realized through the highly impermeable deck slab that protects the girders from moisture. Results show that the system can span up to 30 m while achieving span-to-depth ratios equivalent or better than competing slab-on-girder bridges.
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Yi-ChiYeh und 葉衣祺. „Bending behaviour and manufacturing process of non-glue laminated timber made of domestic wood in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v5q9ge.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系
107
The paper is focused on the composite behaviour of laminated wooden beams with different shear connections. According to CNS 11031, this study configures symmetric composition of heterogeneous-grade laminated beam, labelled as E95-F270 and E85-F255. The 12 laminated beams apply Taiwanese domestic wood, which is named Japanese cedar, and possess the cross-section of 150 mm x 308 mm and length of 3.6 m. Each beam is composed of eight laminas with thickness of 8 mm. The 12 specimens comprise three types of shear connections, i.e. adhesive, hardwood dowel and self-tapping screw (STS). Among the 12 beams, 6 of them are laminated by means of hardwood dowel whose diameter is 20 mm. The dowels are inserted 90-degree in one row with spacing of 10, 15 and 20 cm. Four beams are transversally laminated by STS whose diameter is 8 mm. The STS is drilled 90-degree to the laminas and its spacing is 10 cm and 15 cm. Two beams are bonded by resin as reference glulam. A four-point bending test rig is intended for estimating the flexural behaviour of the 12 beams. The deflection, load and relative displacement between laminas are recorded and collected simultaneously by data-logging system. These data are used to appraise the bending behaviour, particularly stiffness, of the beams with diverse laminating techniques. Besides the testing, an analytic verification is carried out based on Eurocode 5. The effective bending stiffness formula contributes to evaluate the EI values of each beam. Then, the testing results and theoretaicl values are compared to each other. The testing results indicate that, with the same grade, the stiffness can be achieved. Both non-glue laminated timber reveals the same trend. With the same spacing, the hardwood dowel provides higher stiffness than the STS does.
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Vorobyev, Alexey. „Datorstödda mättekniker i fält av sprickor i limträbalkar“. Thesis, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-58981.
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Cracks in wood are considered to be one of the major problems for products, which have been made from this material. Crack detection and its propagation methods should be revised and improved with application of modern techniques. Nowadays new measuring techniques like digital camera image processing, and 3-D laser scanning are available. This work describes computer aided in-field methods for registration cracks in wood, its propagation, and tracing dimensional stability of glued laminated beams. The benefits of different methods for supervision of wooden element as well as its limitations are discussed.Validerat; 20120608 (anonymous)