Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Global cimate model“

Industry 4.0 is a global digitalization goal for today’s industries, and cloud computing is a solution that enables ubiquitous and convenient access to infrastructure, platforms, and services. Together with fog and edge computing, it leverages the advantages of manufacturing systems integration. This research proposes a cloud architecture to integrate an advanced manufacturing plant and a SENAI CIMATEC model factory. Before implementing this architecture, assessing whether the environment is adaptable is necessary. For this, fundamentals such as the TOE structure (Technology-Organization-Environment Framework) and the SEM model (Structural Equation Modeling) are used, which evaluate the degree of adherence for the application. As a methodological procedure for the research, a database is being modeled to serve the information flow between the systems. Therefore, adapting the environment to cloud computing is crucial to the success of digital system integration and process automation and optimization advances.

Abstract. We apply the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model driven by NASA's MERRA assimilated meteorological data to simulate the seasonal variations in two radionuclide aerosol tracers (terrigenous 210Pb and cosmogenic 7Be) at the WMO-GAW station of Mt. Cimone (44°12′ N, 10°42′ E; 2165 m a.s.l.; Italy), which is representative of free-tropospheric conditions most of the year, during 2005 with an aim to understand the roles of transport and precipitation scavenging processes in controlling their seasonality. The total precipitation field in the MERRA data set is evaluated with the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations, and generally good agreement is found. The model reproduces reasonably the observed seasonal pattern of 210Pb concentrations, characterized by a wintertime minimum due to lower 222Rn emissions and weaker uplift from the boundary layer and summertime maxima resulting from strong convection over the continent. The observed seasonal behavior of 7Be concentrations shows a winter minimum, a summer maximum, and a secondary spring maximum. The model captures the observed 7Be pattern in winter–spring, which is linked to the larger stratospheric influence during spring. However, the model tends to underestimate the observed 7Be concentrations in summer, partially due to the sensitivity to spatial sampling in the model. Model sensitivity experiments indicate a dominant role of precipitation scavenging (vs. dry deposition and convection) in controlling the seasonality of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations at Mt. Cimone.

Abstract. A 5 weeks experiment (1 June to 5 July 2000) took place at a mountain site, Mt Cimone (44°11' N, 10°42' E, 2165 m a.s.l.), that is representative of Southern Europe background conditions. During this field campaign, a comprehensive characterisation of trace gases and radicals, involved in the production and destruction of O3, as well as of chemical, physical and optical properties of the aerosol was done. Atmospheric gases and aerosols were measured continuously over the 5 weeks period, in order to characterize their background concentrations in the free troposphere and their respective differences in air containing dust aerosols advected from Africa. Due to its location and elevation, Mt Cimone gets free tropospheric air both from the Mediterranean and from the Po Valley, which makes it an invaluable place to study gas/aerosol interactions. A global chemical model coupled to a GCM was used to simulate based upon ECMWF reanalysis the ozone over the region during the period of the field study. The heterogeneous reactions of O3, N2O5, HNO3 and NO3 were accounted for. We estimate that during the field campaign, the effect of heterogeous reactions was to reduce by 8 to 10% the ozone concentration at MTC in cases when air had passed over the Mediterranean Sea. When air was coming from the Atlantic or continental Europe, the reduction of ozone is still 4%. This reduction is mostly due to the large uptake of HNO3 and is the the topic of ongoing work to assess how it affects the global cycle of O3 and the global nitrogen budget.

FPGA-based emulation, which is now widely used in the design and verification of System-on-a-Chip (SoC), is applicable only when the RTL design for the whole system is available, thus resulting in a long design turn-around time. In this paper, we present a new design flow based on a C-to-hardware IMPLEmentation tool (CIMPLE) and a CONfigurable SoC Emulation Platform (CONSCEP) that emulates the on-chip bus system prior to the RTL design of each SoC component. With the emulation environment set up in the early stage of the design process, the design and verification task of each functional block in the SoC can be performed not only faster, but also more complete as a more complete set of test vectors can be applied before the integration. CONSCEP consists of (1) configurable bus components for the given on-chip bus standard and (2) a set of transactors to link the HDL models of the pre-verified IP blocks with the C models for the behavioral blocks to be designed, or software blocks. CIMPLE translates the C model for a hardware module to a SystemC code, which can be synthesized and directly attached to the CONSCEP as an IP. CIMPLE allows global variables, nested function calls, and simple pointer access, which significantly reduces the code migration. The proposed design flow is demonstrated using a JPEG encoder/decoder system and successfully applied to a commercial MPEG4 video codec chip.

When agricultural experts explore the use of artificial intelligence technology to identify and detect crop diseases, they mainly focus on the research of a stable environment, but ignore the problem of noise in the process of image acquisition in real situations. To solve this problem, we propose an innovative solution called the Critical Information Mining Network (CIMNet). Compared with traditional models, CIMNet has higher recognition accuracy and wider application scenarios. The network has a good effect on crop disease recognition under noisy environments, and can effectively deal with the interference of noise to the recognition effect in actual farmland scenes. Consider that the shape of the leaves can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.First, we introduce the Non-Local Attention Module (Non-Local), which uses a unique self-attention mechanism to fully capture the context information of the image. The module overcomes the limitation of traditional convolutional neural networks that only rely on local features and ignore global features. Global features are particularly important when the image is disturbed by noise. Non-Local improves a more comprehensive visual understanding of crop disease recognition. Secondly, we have innovatively designed a Multi-scale Critical Information Fusion Module (MSCM). The module uses the Key Information Extraction Module (KIB) to dig into the shallow key features in the network deeply. The shallow key features strengthen the feature perception of the model to the noise image through texture and contour information, and then the shallow key features and deep features are fused to enrich the original deep feature information of the network. Finally, we conducted experiments on two public datasets, and the results showed that the accuracy of our model in crop disease identification under a noisy environment was significantly improved. At the same time, our model also showed excellent performance under stable conditions. The results of this study provide favorable support for the improvement of crop production efficiency.

Abstract. This work investigates the variability of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and equivalent black carbon (BC) at the Italian Climate Observatory "O. Vittori" (ICO-OV), part of the Mt. Cimone global GAW-WMO station (Italy). For this purpose, ICO-OV observations carried out in the period January 2007–June 2009, have been analyzed and correlated with the outputs of the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model to specifically evaluate the influence of biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic emissions younger than 20 days. During the investigation period, the average O3, CO and BC at ICO-OV were 54 ± 3 ppb, 122 ± 7 ppb and 213 ± 34 ng m−3 (mean ± expanded uncertainty with p < 95%), with clear seasonal cycles characterized by summer maxima and winter minima for O3 and BC and spring maximum and summer minimum for CO. According to FLEXPART outputs, BB impact is maximized during the warm months from July to September but appeared to have a significant contribution to the observed tracers only during specific transport events. We characterised in detail five "representative" events with respect to transport scales (i.e. global, regional and local), source regions and O3, CO and BC variations. For these events, very large variability of enhancement ratios O3/CO (from −0.22 to 0.71) and BC/CO (from 2.69 to 29.83 ng m−3 ppb−1) were observed. CO contributions related with anthropogenic emissions (COant) contributed to 17.4% of the mean CO value observed at ICO-OV, with the warm months appearing particularly affected by transport events of air-masses rich in anthropogenic pollution. The proportion of tracer variability that is described by FLEXPART COant peaked to 37% (in May–September) for CO, 19% (in May–September) for O3 and 32% (in January–April) for BC. During May–September, the analysis of the correlation among CO, O3 and BC as a function of the COant indicated that ICO-OV was influenced by air-masses rich in anthropogenic pollution transported from the regional to the global scale. On the other side, CO and O3 were negatively correlated during October–December, when FLEXPART does not show significant presence of recent anthropogenic emissions and only a few observations are characterized by enhanced BC. Such behaviour may be attributed to an ensemble of processes concurrent in enhancing O3 with low CO (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere intrusions) and to O3 titration by NO in polluted air-masses along with lower photochemical activity. An intermediate situation occurs in January–April when CO and O3 were almost uncorrelated and BC enhancements were associated to relatively old (10 days) anthropogenic emissions.

Abstract. This work investigates the variability of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and equivalent black carbon (BC) concentrations at the Italian Climate Observatory "O. Vittori" (ICO-OV), part of the Mt. Cimone global GAW-WMO station (Italy). For this purpose, ICO-OV observations carried out in the period January 2007–June 2009, have been analysed and correlated with the output of the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model to specifically evaluate the influence of biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic emissions younger than 20 days. During the investigation period, the average O3, CO and BC concentrations at ICO-OV were 54 ± 3 ppbv, 122 ± 7 ppbv and 213 ± 34 ng m−3 (mean ± expanded uncertainty with p<95%), with clear seasonal cycles characterized by summer maxima and winter minima for O3 and BC and spring maximum and summer minimum for CO. According to FLEXPART output, BB impact is maximized during the warm months from July to September but appeared to have a significant contribution to the observed tracer concentrations only during specific transport events. We characterised in detail five major events with respect to transport scales (i.e. global, regional and local), source regions and O3, CO and BC variations. For these events, very large variability of enhancement ratios O3/CO (from −0.22 to 0.71) and BC/CO (from 2.69 to 29.83 ng m−3 ppbv−1) were observed. CO related with anthropogenic emissions (COant) contributed to 17.4% of the mean CO value observed at ICO-OV, with the warm months appearing particularly affected by transport events of air-masses rich in anthropogenic pollution. The proportion of tracer variability that is described by FLEXPART COant peaked to 37% (in May–September) for CO, 19% (in May–September) for O3 and 32% (in January–April) for BC. During May–September, the analysis of the correlation among CO, O3 and BC as a function of the COant indicated that ICO-OV was influenced by air-masses rich in anthropogenic pollution transported from the regional to the global scale. On the other side, CO and O3 were negatively correlated during October–December, when FLEXPART does not show significant presence of recent anthropogenic emissions and only a few observations are characterized by enhanced BC. Such behaviour may be attributed to an ensemble of processes concurrent in enhancing O3 with low CO (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere intrusions) and O3 titration by NO in polluted air-masses along with lower photochemical activity. An intermediate situation occurs in January–April when CO and O3 were almost uncorrelated and BC enhancements were associated to relatively old (10 days) anthropogenic emissions.

Abstract. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are used in a range of industrial applications and have largely replaced previously used gases (CFCs and HCFCs). HFCs are not ozone-depleting but have large global warming potentials and are, therefore, reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Here, we use four independent inverse models to estimate European emissions of the two HFCs contributing the most to global warming (HFC-134a and HFC-125) and of SF6 for the year 2011. Using an ensemble of inverse models offers the possibility to better understand systematic uncertainties in inversions. All systems relied on the same measurement time series from Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Mace Head (Ireland), and Monte Cimone (Italy) and the same a priori estimates of the emissions, but differed in terms of the Lagrangian transport model (FLEXPART, NAME), inversion method (Bayesian, extended Kalman filter), treatment of baseline mole fractions, spatial gridding, and a priori uncertainties. The model systems were compared with respect to the ability to reproduce the measurement time series, the spatial distribution of the posterior emissions, uncertainty reductions, and total emissions estimated for selected countries. All systems were able to reproduce the measurement time series very well, with prior correlations between 0.5 and 0.9 and posterior correlations being higher by 0.05 to 0.1. For HFC-125, all models estimated higher emissions from Spain + Portugal than reported to UNFCCC (median higher by 390 %) though with a large scatter between individual estimates. Estimates for Germany (+140 %) and Ireland (+850 %) were also considerably higher than UNFCCC, whereas the estimates for France and the UK were consistent with the national reports. In contrast to HFC-125, HFC-134a emissions from Spain + Portugal were broadly consistent with UNFCCC, and emissions from Germany were only 30 % higher. The data suggest that the UK over-reports its HFC-134a emissions to UNFCCC, as the model median emission was significantly lower, by 50 %. An overestimation of both HFC-125 and HFC-134a emissions by about a factor of 2 was also found for a group of eastern European countries (Czech Republic + Poland + Slovakia), though with less confidence since the measurement network has a low sensitivity to these countries. Consistent with UNFCCC, the models identified Germany as the highest national emitter of SF6 in Europe, and the model median emission was only 1 % lower than the UNFCCC numbers. In contrast, the model median emissions were 2–3 times higher than UNFCCC numbers for Italy, France, and Spain + Portugal. The country-aggregated emissions from the different models often did not overlap within the range of the analytical uncertainties formally given by the inversion systems, suggesting that parametric and structural uncertainties are often dominant in the overall a posteriori uncertainty. The current European network of three routine monitoring sites for synthetic greenhouse gases has the potential to identify significant shortcomings in nationally reported emissions, but a denser network would be needed for more reliable monitoring of country-wide emissions of these important greenhouse gases across Europe.

Abstract. Production and consumption of CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F), CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2) and CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) are controlled under the regulations of the Montreal Protocol and have been phased out globally since 2010. Only CCl4 is still widely produced as a chemical feedstock. After 2010, emissions of CFC-11 and CFC-12 should therefore mostly originate from existing banks (e.g. from foams, mobile air conditioning units and refrigerators); however evidence has emerged of an increase in global emissions of CFC-11 in the last decade, some of which has not been fully accounted for. The motivation for this work was to assess the emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 from western Europe. All countries in this region have been subject to the controls of the Montreal Protocol since the late 1980s and, as non-Article 5 Parties, have been prohibited from producing CFCs and CCl4 for dispersive use since 1996. Four different inverse modelling systems are used to estimate emissions of these gases from 2008 to 2021 using data from four atmospheric measurement stations: Mace Head (Ireland), Jungfraujoch (Switzerland), Monte Cimone (Italy) and Tacolneston (UK). The average of the four model studies found that western European emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 between 2008 and 2021 were declining at 3.5 % yr−1 (2.7 % yr−1–4.8 % yr−1), 7.7 % yr−1 (6.3 % yr−1–8.0 % yr−1) and 4.4 % yr−1 (2.6 % yr−1–6.4 % yr−1), respectively. Even though the emissions were declining throughout the period, the area including northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg showed consistently elevated emissions of CFC-11 compared with the surrounding regions. Emissions of CFC-12 were slightly elevated in the same region. CCl4 emissions were the highest in the south of France. France had the highest emissions of all three gases over the period 2008–2021. Emissions from western Europe (2008–2021) were on average 2.4 ± 0.4 Gg (CFC-11), 1.3 ± 0.3 Gg (CFC-12) and 0.9 ± 0.2 Gg (CCl4). Our estimated decline in emissions of CFC-11 is consistent with a western European bank release rate of 3.4 % (2.6 %–4.5 %). This study concludes that emissions of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 have all declined from 2008 to 2021 in western Europe. Therefore, no evidence is found that western European emissions contributed to the unexplained part of the global increase in atmospheric concentrations of CFC-11 observed in the last decade.

ABSTRAK Strategi penghimpunan zakat infaq dan sedekah masa kini harus selaras dengan perkembangan teknologi dan perilaku masyarakat 5.0 (society 5.0), dimana Society 5.0 menciptakan masyarakat yang berbasis teknologi sehingga pembayaran zakat, infaq, dan sedekah non tunai harus memanfaatkan teknologi finansial seperti, mobile banking, ATM, QRIS, dompet digital maupun e-commerce. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu guna mengetahui besarnya penerimaan dan penggunaan layanan teknologi finansial dalam membayar Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah (ZIS) menggunakan ekstensi Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) dengan motivasi spiritual. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan sebanyak 129 responden yang berasal dari Kota Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, dan Pangandaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa muzakki dalam menerima dan menggunakan layanan teknologi keuangan untuk membayar ZIS secara non tunai dipengaruhi oleh persepsi kemudahan, persepsi kegunaan, sikap, dan intensi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar lembaga zakat dapat mengetahui penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi muzakki dalam menunaikan zakat non tunai sehingga dapat berinovasi dalam menyediakan layanan bagi muzakki maupun masyarakat yang akan membayar zakat non tunai. Kata Kunci: Zakat Non Tunai, Kesejahteraan Umum, Perilaku Mikroekonomi, Ekonomi Keuangan. ABSTRACT The strategy of collecting zakat infaq and alms today must be in line with technological developments and community behavior 5.0 (society 5.0), where Society 5.0 creates a technology-based society. ATM, QRIS, digital wallet, and e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of acceptance and use of financial technology services in paying Zakat, Infaq, and Alms (ZIS) using the Technology of Acceptance Model (TAM) extension with spiritual motivation. The research method used is Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with 129 respondents taken from Bekasi, Bandung, Bogor, Cimahi, Sukabumi, Garut, Majalengka, Tasikmalaya, and Pangandaran. This study found that muzakki in accepting and using financial technology services to pay ZIS non-cash were influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitudes, and intentions. However, the perceived usefulness does not affect the attitude of muzakki in paying non-cash ZIS, and indirectly the perceived usefulness does not affect the actual use of muzakki to pay ZIS. 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Les tempêtes font partie des désastres qui font le plus de dégâts sur terre : elles sont les plus coûteuses, et les deuxièmes plus mortelles. Parmi ces tempêtes, les cyclones tropicaux font le plus de dégâts. Il existe aussi un type de cyclone subtropical méditerranéen proche des cyclones tropicaux, appelé medicane, qui peut causer d'importants dégâts, comme l'a prouvé l'exemple récent de la tempête Daniel.L'étude des cyclones tropicaux et subtropicaux repose en grande partie sur les modèles de climat. Il est bien établi qu'une condition nécessaire à la simulation de ces phénomènes est une résolution horizontale de quelques dizaines de kilomètres.L'Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) développe et maintient un modèle de climat (IPSL-CM), avec lequel il est désormais possible d'atteindre ces résolutions grâce au développement récent de DYNAMICO.Ma thèse consiste à évaluer l'opportunité que représente l'arrivée de DYNAMICO pour l'étude des cyclones tropicaux au sein de l'IPSL. J'ai donc adressé la question suivante : Le modèle de l'IPSL à haute résolution horizontale est-il capable de simuler correctement la climatologie des cyclones tropicaux et méditerranéens ?Dans un premier temps, j'ai effectué une comparaison de plusieurs méthodes de détection des cyclones tropicaux dans des données climatiques. Pour cela, j'ai appliqué quatre méthodes à la réanalyse ERA5, et comparé les résultats à une base de données d'observations. J'ai montré que toutes les méthodes de détection sont capables de détecter environ 80% des cyclones observés. Elles s'accordent toutes sur les évènements les plus forts. La fréquence et la durée des évènements détectés varient selon la propension des méthodes à détecter les cyclones faibles. Certaines méthodes ont aussi tendance à détecter des cyclones extra-tropicaux. Pour remedier à ce problème, j'ai développé deux méthodes de filtrages de ces systèmes. (Bourdin et al., 2022)J'ai ensuite procédé à l'évaluation de la climatologie des cyclones tropicaux dans six simulations de résolution variable, produites selon le protocole HighResMIP. Dans ces simulations historiques en atmosphère seule, on constate que l'activité cyclonique augmente énormément lorsque la résolution augmente de 200 à 25 km. L'augmentation de la résolution permet aussi de mieux simuler la répartition des cyclones entre et parmi les bassins, et la structure des cyclones. Le modèle à haute résolution est capable de simuler la variabilité interannuelle observée et son lien avec ENSO, en particulier dans le Nord Atlantique et de Nord-Est Pacifique. Dans le Nord-Ouest Pacifique, le modèle ne simule pas assez de cyclones tropicaux à cause d'un biais climatologique dans la circulation de grande échelle. Le modèle de l'IPSL démontre une capacité particulièrement bonne à simuler les cyclones tropicaux dans le Nord Atlantique, qui est un bassin où beaucoup d'autres modèles présentent des biais. (Bourdin et al., 2023, en révision)Enfin, j'ai étendu mon évaluation aux cyclone méditerranéens pour mettre en évidence les particularités des medicanes.Le modèle simule une climatologie de cyclones méditerranéens et de medicanes similaire à la réanalyse ERA5. Cela permet de montrer que les medicanes ont une structure plus symétrique, et que les flux de surface y jouent un rôle plus important que pour l'ensemble des cyclones méditerranéens. De plus, ils n'apparaissent qu'en présence d'un faible cisaillement de vent horizontal.En conclusion, ma thèse démontre la capacité du modèle de l'IPSL à simuler des cyclones tropicaux et méditerranéens à une résolution horizontale de 25 km. Cela ouvre la voie à des études plus poussées des cyclones tropicaux avec le modèle de l'IPSL, qui pourront aider à mieux comprendre la climatologie de ces évènements
Storms are among the most damaging disasters on earth: the most costly and the second deadliest. Among these storms, tropical cyclones cause the most damage. Medicanes --- Mediterranean subtropical cyclones --- can also do significant harm, as demonstrated by the recent example of Storm Daniel.The study of tropical cyclones is largely based on climate models. It is well established that a prerequisite for simulating these phenomena is a horizontal resolution of a few tens of kilometres.The Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) develops and maintains a climate model (IPSL-CM), with which it is now possible to achieve such high resolutions thanks to the recent development of DYNAMICO.My thesis assesses the opportunity associated with the arrival of DYNAMICO for studying tropical cyclones at IPSL. The question I address in the present thesis is: Is IPSL-CM at high horizontal resolution capable of correctly simulating the climatology of tropical and Mediterranean cyclones?First, I compared several methods for detecting tropical cyclones in climate data. To this end, I applied four methods to the ERA5 reanalysis and compared the results with a database of observations. I showed that all detection methods can detect around 80% of observed cyclones. They agree on the strongest events. The frequency and duration of events detected vary according to the methods' propensity to detect weak cyclones. Some methods also tend to detect extra-tropical cyclones. To counter this problem, I have developed two methods to filter out such systems. (Bourdin et al., 2022)I then assessed the climatology of tropical cyclones in six simulations with varying resolutions, produced using the HighResMIP protocol. In these atmosphere-only historical simulations, the cyclone activity increases dramatically as resolution increases from 200 to 25 km. Increasing resolution also enables better simulation of the distribution of cyclones between and among basins as well as the structure of cyclones. The high-resolution model can simulate the observed interannual variability and its link with ENSO, particularly in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific. In the North-Western Pacific, the model does not simulate enough tropical cyclones due to a climatological bias in the large-scale circulation. The IPSL model shows an outstanding ability to simulate tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic, a basin where many other models exhibit biases. (Bourdin et al., 2023, in review)Finally, I have extended my evaluation to Mediterranean cyclones to highlight the particularities of medicanes.The model can simulate Mediterranean cyclones and medicanes climatology in good agreement with the ERA5 reanalysis. The simulated medicanes have a more symmetrical structure, and surface heat fluxes play a more important role compared to Mediterranean cyclones in general. Unlike Mediterranean cyclones, medicanes only appear in the presence of weak horizontal wind shear.In conclusion, my thesis demonstrates the ability of the IPSL model to simulate tropical and Mediterranean cyclones at a horizontal resolution of 25 km. This paves the way for further studies of tropical cyclones with the IPSL model, which may help to better understand the climatology of these events

Un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula de 20 horas ha sido realizado con los alumnos del Máster de Ingeniería Aeronáutica. En este tiempo se han desarrollado 15 acti- vidades y se ha implementado un modelo metodológico basado en la reelabora- ción de ideas por parte de los alumnos, tras ser expuestas a información externa. Tras la presentación de una actividad cotidiana relacionada con los contenidos, el profesor transmite los nuevos conocimientos e incita al debate para reforzar las ideas en los alumnos. Los obstáculos descubiertos en ese debate permiten reformar las ideas mal aprendidas. El profesor trabaja con un mapa de conteni- dos, actividades cotidianas y un cuestionario de preguntas que le permiten ha- cer una valoración del aprendizaje global e individualizado. Tras la experiencia se detectan los puntos fuertes a mantener y los posibles cambios a introducir en el futuro. Finalmente se hace una valoración del aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Gestión de la calidad, Máster de ingeniería aeronáutica, do- cencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, modelo metodológico.

Esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de prática integrativa entre as disciplinas de Projeto de arquitetura, urbanismo e paisagismo 2, que tem carga horária de 120h mensais e Modelagem da Informação da Construção que tem carga horária de 60h mensais 60h. Ambas disciplinas fazem uso de recursos digitais de ensino-aprendizagem do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do Senai CIMATEC (Salvador). A experiência didática foi planejada conjuntamente pelo coordenador e professor do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do SENAI CIMATEC Bruno Leão de Brito, e os professores do mesmo curso/instituição Ana Paula Carvalho Pereira e Rafael Santos Câmara, visando a integração de uma disciplina de tecnologia com uma de projeto a fim de aplicar o BIM no início do curso. As disciplinas estão no terceiro semestre da grade curricular. Esta ação está acontecendo neste primeiro semestre de 2021, com 20 alunos divididos igualmente entre 5 equipes, onde irão elaborar uma proposta ao nível de estudo preliminar de uma Escola Parque a ser construída em área de preexistência fabril na Península Itapagipana de Salvador. A proposta tem como objetivo, para além de introduzir conceitos fundamentais de Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM), a sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de projeto arquitetônico, utilizando o Revit e explorando as possibilidades de trabalho colaborativo à distância. Desta forma, espera-se que haja o desenvolvimento de competências funcionais BIM individuais por intermédio do aprendizado do trabalho colaborativo enquanto adoção de metodologias, técnicas de trabalho em equipe e gerenciamento de processos. A edificação deverá ser concebida através da participação integrada, onde todos tenham a compreensão global do modelo, viabilizando a transferência contínua de conhecimento entre os diversos alunos. Estes irão discutir e definir os critérios que serão utilizados, tais como: quem será responsável por modelar cada item da edificação; quem irá coordenar o processo de modelagem e gerenciar a base de dados BIM; e quais informações deverão ser inseridas. Os entregáveis da unidade serão: vídeo de 3 minutos; conjunto de pranchas técnicas (plantas, cortes e elevações), tantas quanto exigido para o correto entendimento do projeto, respeitando as normas de representação; perspectivas renderizadas do projeto desenvolvido; e o modelo. As disciplinas estão divididas em três unidades, e a proposição de integração se dará na segunda unidade, onde já terá sido abordado os conceitos fundamentais de BIM. Durante a atividade será discutida e definida a especificação de modelagem, com definições dos componentes do modelo; arquivo padrão, premissas de modelagens, estrutura do modelo, etc. O ensino de projeto no ambiente BIM possibilita construir o conhecimento através de atividades pedagógicas com métodos ativos, pois utiliza-se de processos colaborativos através da interação. Também tem o potencial de fazer com que os discentes sejam capazes de criar projetos com as melhores escolhas desde as fases iniciais. Por fim, espera-se ganhos de aprendizagem no processo de concepção e desenvolvimento do espaço e da forma arquitetônica através de simulações relacionadas ao conforto ambiental, aprimorando o nível de desenvolvimento projetual e de representação gráfica, além de ganhos de aprendizagem de competências BIM. Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/8ZPTi-i2eZA