Dissertationen zum Thema „Glass“
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1
Chen, Jianyong. „Ultrafast laser microwelding of glass-to-glass and glass-to-opaque materials“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3335.
Annotation:
Techniques for joining materials, especially glass to dissimilar materials, while maintaining their surface and optical properties are essential for a wide range of industrial applications. Current techniques rely on adhesives or interlayers which can exhibit issues with creep, out-gassing or aging. Ultrafast laser welding based on nonlinear absorption in transparent material offers an attractive solution to this problem. Bringing two material surfaces into close (optical) contact and focusing the ultrafast laser onto the interface allows for localised melting and rapid resolidification, forming strong bond and welding the two surfaces together. The highly localised nature of this absorption means that welds can be created whilst avoiding significant heating of the surrounding material―important for joining materials with significantly different thermal expansion coefficients. Using a picosecond laser system (Trumpf TruMicro), a range of welds between similar material (borosilicate glass to borosilicate glass, fused silica to fused silica, borosilicate glass to fused silica) and highly dissimilar materials (sapphire to stainless steel, fused silica/borosilicate glass to silicon/aluminium/copper/stainless steel) have been demonstrated. Theoretical simulations were carried out to investigate the aberrations that occur to a laser beam focused inside material and to describe the behaviour of the generated plasma. With the guidance of theoretical work and developed experiment setup, a large range of parameters related to welding were investigated both in bulk material and welding for different materials and surface conditions. Shear strength tests on welds shows a maximum value could be obtained between parameters resulting in barely welded seams, for low power, and obvious cracking, for higher power. Optimised welding for borosilicate to borosilicate glass creates stronger bonds (108.8 N/mm2) than traditional joining methods (adhesive, typically 15~25 N/mm2). Parameter maps were made for different surface separation and surface conditions to determine a successful weld. In order to weld highly dissimilar materials, different welding patterns were designed to relax residual stress and eliminate cracks. Welding with galvo-scanner was also introduced as an alternative method for industrial applications which provides a high scan speed and flexible patterns. To increase welding strength and expand the parameter tolerance for a successful welding, focus vibration methods were proposed to reduce the residual stress. Finally, welding of example industrial parts was demonstrated for different application requirements.
2
Klenell, Simon. „Frigger tactics“. Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3350.
Annotation:
My work centers around the fact that I am a glassblower working with glass objects within a glasstradition. My BFA project from 2009 entitled ”the bastards have landed” was my first attempt atmapping out what that ultimately meant to me as a practitioner in a contemporary craft context. Theresult of that project was a discovery of my making as a way of using tradition to tell stories aboutitself. My conclusion was that by using the traditional objects as symbols I had a channel throughwhich I could communicate. Glass is a material who´s domains are closely connected to a domesticand consumeristic environment. It is put in a position where we react to its appearance with ourbody memory while also carries different social and material values depending on its appearance.When entering the master program at Konstfack University of Art Craft and Design, my idea wasthat over the next coming two years my focus would lie in the exploration and research of thesemechanisms as well as my own position as a maker and practitioner within these mechanisms.Craft, design and making are subjects that are constantly being talked about and analyzed from anumber of perspectives. There are philosophers, sociologists, historians and art historians constantlynegotiating what the field of craft is dealing with. This is something that I over the years have foundas something quite disturbing in some cases. This leaves me in a situation where I am no longerdefining my own practice. And when I am to define my practice I always do it through the ideas ofpeople from ”outside” my own position. There are many good writers from variousdisciplines writing about craft and making that I have had great use of and input from but I feel thatthere is a big lack of craft practitioners who are defining their discipline from their own standpoint.This situation is to me a bit outdated.So as mentioned above I have entered the master program with an idea to find out how to deal withveiled subjects such as tacit knowledge and material culture in order to try to transform them into acommunicative body of knowledge. My work during the past three semesters have been spread outover a number of different projects dealing with these subjects both based on objects as well asforming a discussion together with my master group.The main cause in this thesis is as always in my case to shed light on and to formulate questionsand hopefully answers around my own practice and its related subjects.The main reason for this is that craft and making as a tool for knowledge production is a cloudedsubject but according to me it holds a lot of potential. Not only for understanding questions outsidethe field but also to unveil and strengthen the practice itself.
3
Saewong, Pakamard. „Erosion of glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300838.
4
Whittlestone, G. S. „Reinforced glass“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26963/.
Annotation:
Annealed glass has the propensity to fast fracture. So, the need for redundancy in structural glass elements is a fundamental necessity. Currently, redundancy is provided by laminated glass, whereby, if one glass pane fails, then the remaining intact pane(s) sustain the loads. However, for the in-service (unbroken state) condition the element is at least twice as thick as necessary. This leads to increased weight and increased cost. The presented work develops and investigates a cheaper, lighter alternative redundant system using a GFRP sheet bonded to one annealed glass pane. Consequently, a new material, Reinforced Glass, is created. For the in-service (unbroken state) condition it is shown that, under load, the Reinforced Glass has a similar structural response to ordinary annealed glass. A review of annealed structural glass design methods is presented - facilitating design for the unbroken state. Design recommendations are given. For the broken state an analytical, predictive model was developed, which was validated through experimental testing. The model draws similarities to Reinforced Concrete, whereby a compression block is generated in the broken glass - which is balanced by the GFRP tension reinforcement. Unique predictive equations are produced for application in design for the broken state. The model is validated for various thicknesses of glass.
5
Башлак, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Башлак, Iryna Anatoliivna Bashlak, S. P. Baranov und О. V. Perepadya. „Recycling glass“. Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15994.
6
Krotevych, K. M., und D. V. Bychko. „Google glass“. Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33689.
Annotation:
Modern technologies are developing so fast that it is impossible to follow them all. Here is an example of a new breakthrough in Google’s creativity. It is a wearable computer with a head-mounted display (HMD) that is being developed by Google in the Project Glass research and development project, with the mission of producing a mass-market ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displays information in a smartphone-like hands-free format that can interact with the Internet via natural language voice commands.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33689
7
Vlizko, V. L. „Google glass“. Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33876.
Annotation:
Google glass is a new unbelievable invention, which can change your life forever.
We are born with the open-eyed supervision of different technologies, we grow with them, use them in our routine life. Now it is impossible to surprise us with something like a gigantic screen, a very speedy processor or a mobile phone with a lot of the operative memory, not saying about a note-book or a personal computer.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33876
8
Tolstaya, A. S. „Google glass“. Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40504.
Annotation:
Modern technologies are developing so fast that it is
impossible to follow them all. Google Glass is something new in the
technology – something, that can change our life in the nearest
future. It‘s a child of Google Inc.
9
Piontkowski, Steven J. „GLASS ARTICULATED“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1322506353.
10
Barnhart, Graham. „Glass Cannon“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492726664352002.
11
Wenzel, Martina. „Glass house“. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53362.
12
Lagunas, Armando. „Electrochromic Glass“. The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623510.
Annotation:
Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectElectrochromic glass is a type of smart glass, a new technology that has potential to reduce the amount of sunlight entering a building by changing its physical properties. The purpose of this study is to understand the properties of electrochromic glass and determine if it is a viable alternative to conventional single pane and double pane glass in the Tucson area. Using research and statistics from smart glass production companies, a comparative analysis will be done using the building simulation software Energy-10. It was found that when compared to single pane glass, double pane glass had a decrease of 7.21% in energy cost and electrochromic glass had a decrease of 9.81%. For the used building model, this meant a return investment in 30 and a half years. While electrochromic glass is a new clean method of energy usage reduction, it currently cannot return the consumers initial investment within a desirable time span.
13
Simpson, (Eva Warren) Carol Jean. „GLASS SHOULDERS“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/193.
Annotation:
Glass Shoulders is a collection of poems that embody events from my life which have served as catalysts in the process of integrating myself emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually. In the poetry, the speaker searches for spiritual knowledge, and is guided toward meditation of Spirit as an internal reality to find healing. The narrative of the manuscript portrays the speaker’s deep introspection of self, exploring loss and resiliency through challenges surrounding grief, unrecovered abuses, and mood disorders. The inspiration for these poems arose from my contemplations on the incongruities between fate and free will, and how behaviors are influenced by the attitude of each. The poems explore her innermost conflicts as she contemplates whether she is director of her own destiny, or subject to a predestined fate, and seek to illumine how these differences effect her choices, behaviors, and attitude towards Spirit. The speaker is bipolar, and the paradox of the book debates whether the union of her polar selves is the ingredient to healing her phobias and disconnections, granting Spirit integration, or do her fractured selves support greater sensory experience that enhance her perceptions of self and Spirit toward new levels of recognition. The poems contain a variety of humor, tone, and voice. The humor in the poetry is unconscious to the speaker and shields her from her sense of loss and separation from her partner, her family, and divinity. At times she appears sarcastic and flippant, curious and gullible, yet always there is an undercurrent of deep thought. My visions and images for the poems are sourced from the philosophies of metaphysics, and are inspired by both Western and Eastern teachings of mysticism and myth that leads to Self-realization, or God-communion. It is through my studies of these sciences and methodologies that I have sourced my life long aspirations of spiritual knowledge for greater understanding of the human condition. Glass Shoulders is my attempt to show Self-realization as a gnosis of healing. This is a tale of freedom of psyche.
14
ZANINI, ROBERTA. „Advancing approaches in glass conservation: characterisation of altered archaeological glass and artificially aged glass replicas to shed light into the mechanisms of glass corrosion“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11368/3041639.
Annotation:
Glass finds application in multiple domains, from the technological to the artistic and archaeological one, and the study of its durability is crucial to determine its potential to replace several dangerous and polluting materials such as plastics, particularly now in the era of the circular economy. Because of the thermodynamic properties of glass and its high variety of compositions, the evaluation of glass durability and alteration mechanisms remains a challenge.
For this reason, the study of glass corrosion is considered a complex research topic that requires the ability to take into consideration a big number of factors, some of which are hardly represented in laboratory experiments. The most influential of these is with no doubt the time given to the transformation, which is directly responsible of both the kinetics and the dynamics of the processes involved.
The present PhD project aims to study the complex phenomenon of glass corrosion from the perspective of ancient glass samples, which represent unique evidence of the effect of long-lasting environmental ageing on such material. The goal is to highlight how the study of ancient and archaeological glass offers an outstanding opportunity to fill the gaps in the various theories about glass corrosion, which, in fact, have been formulated on the basis of research carried out under laboratory conditions and only partially reproducing the circumstances of environmental degradation.
The ultimate purpose is twofold. On one hand, this work wants to highlight how far research on glass corrosion has come by studying model systems created in laboratory to simulate different alteration conditions and glass compositions. On the other, it wants to point out what the critical aspects that still need to be investigated are and how the study of archaeological glass may complement the results obtained over the years in research carried out on laboratory models. Archaeological glass gives indeed the unique opportunity to observe the effect of long-term natural ageing on a real material, and the results obtained from its study are key to fill the gaps that are still present in the theory of glass corrosion.
This PhD thesis starts with the gathering of the results obtained about glass corrosion and its interaction with the environment, considering studies performed both on experimental and archaeological samples. The aim is to understand where the scientific today, what are the critical points that still need to be investigated and what may be the future perspective for glass preservation and applications (for instance for the development of sustainable protective treatments), to help the scientific community in the design of future, more complete, research.
An innovative strategy to approach the problem of glass corrosion and its stabilisation is proposed in this work: the development of an ideal conservation treatment able to slow down the alteration process of ancient glass requires the in-depth investigation of ancient glass and of the artificially aged glass mock-ups in order to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the modification of glass structure, its kinetic over time, and its final visible results. The information obtained from this course of the research of glass corrosion represent the basis and inspiration for a modern way of thinking about glass conservation that overcomes the limits imposed by traditional principles, such as reversibility, by exploiting the properties of cutting-edge technology such as nanotechnology.Glass finds application in multiple domains, from the technological to the artistic and archaeological one, and the study of its durability is crucial to determine its potential to replace several dangerous and polluting materials such as plastics, particularly now in the era of the circular economy. Because of the thermodynamic properties of glass and its high variety of compositions, the evaluation of glass durability and alteration mechanisms remains a challenge. For this reason, the study of glass corrosion is considered a complex research topic that requires the ability to take into consideration a big number of factors, some of which are hardly represented in laboratory experiments. The most influential of these is with no doubt the time given to the transformation, which is directly responsible of both the kinetics and the dynamics of the processes involved. The present PhD project aims to study the complex phenomenon of glass corrosion from the perspective of ancient glass samples, which represent unique evidence of the effect of long-lasting environmental ageing on such material. The goal is to highlight how the study of ancient and archaeological glass offers an outstanding opportunity to fill the gaps in the various theories about glass corrosion, which, in fact, have been formulated on the basis of research carried out under laboratory conditions and only partially reproducing the circumstances of environmental degradation. The ultimate purpose is twofold. On one hand, this work wants to highlight how far research on glass corrosion has come by studying model systems created in laboratory to simulate different alteration conditions and glass compositions. On the other, it wants to point out what the critical aspects that still need to be investigated are and how the study of archaeological glass may complement the results obtained over the years in research carried out on laboratory models. Archaeological glass gives indeed the unique opportunity to observe the effect of long-term natural ageing on a real material, and the results obtained from its study are key to fill the gaps that are still present in the theory of glass corrosion. This PhD thesis starts with the gathering of the results obtained about glass corrosion and its interaction with the environment, considering studies performed both on experimental and archaeological samples. The aim is to understand where the scientific today, what are the critical points that still need to be investigated and what may be the future perspective for glass preservation and applications (for instance for the development of sustainable protective treatments), to help the scientific community in the design of future, more complete, research. An innovative strategy to approach the problem of glass corrosion and its stabilisation is proposed in this work: the development of an ideal conservation treatment able to slow down the alteration process of ancient glass requires the in-depth investigation of ancient glass and of the artificially aged glass mock-ups in order to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the modification of glass structure, its kinetic over time, and its final visible results. The information obtained from this course of the research of glass corrosion represent the basis and inspiration for a modern way of thinking about glass conservation that overcomes the limits imposed by traditional principles, such as reversibility, by exploiting the properties of cutting-edge technology such as nanotechnology.
15
Frantz, Susanne K. „ARTISTS AND GLASS: A HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIO GLASS (SCULPTURE)“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291668.
16
Pengpat, Kamonpan. „Ferroelectric glass-ceramics“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66934/.
Annotation:
Ferroelectric glass-ceramics have been investigated from the Bi203-Ge02, BiOl.s-Ge02-B0I.5, Bi0I.5-Ge02-Te02, 5PbO-3Ge02, PbO-Ge02-NbzOs, and PbsGe30u-PbNbz06-Si02+15%Ah03 systems. DTA, XRD and SEM analysis were used to obtain crystallographic and microstructural information. The dielectric properties and ferroelectric hysteresis loop behaviour of selected samples were determined. The stoichiometric Bjz03:Ge02 (BjzGeOs) composition devitrified on cooling, giving rise to the investigation of new systems BiO\.S-Ge02-B0I.5 and Bi0I.5-Ge02-Te0 2. It was found that the glass-forming region in Bi0I.5-Ge02-Te02 is narrow and good parent glasses for precipitating BjzGeOs crystals were not obtained. However, pure BizGeOs based glass-ceramic can be successfully formed from BiOl.s-Ge02-BOI.5. SEM backscatter imaging of these glass-ceramics showed surface crystallisation and XRD analysis confirmed that the preferred orientation is perpendicular to (311) planes. The dielectric behaviour and ferroelectric hysteresis loop study of the Bi2GeOs based glass-ceramic heat treated at 475°C for 12 hours, showed that this material can be ferroelectric at room temperature with Ps = 14 flC/cm2 and has Curie temperature at about 407°C. Glasses of compositions PG(PbSGe30I J)-xPN(PbNhz06) (x = 0.5, I, 2 3) were investigated from the PbO-Ge02-NbzOs system. Most of the samples devitrified on cooling and have poor mechanical strength except the sample PG-O.S PN sample which also contains interesting phases: ferroelectric PbSGe3011 and dielectric pyroniobate PhzNhz07. The surface crystallisation of PbSGe3011 with a-axis orientation and the bulk crystallisation of PhzNbz07 phase in this sample could be observed using SEM and XRD analysis. By applying heat treatment at 667°C for 48 hours to this sample, surface crystallisation along the a-axis can be enhanced. The Curie temperature of this heat treated sample is about 166 °C with Ps = 1 flC/cm2 from dielectric measurement and ferroelectric hysteresis loop behaviour. More samples were also investigated but it was difficult to form glass-ceramics containing both PbSGe3011 and PbNbz06 crystals from this PbO-Ge02-NbzOs system. In order to obtain the multiple ferroelectric PbSGe3011 and PbNbz06 based-glass ceramics, six glasses along the tie line from 62.5 mol%PbO: 25 mol%Ge02: 12.5 mol%Si02 to 40 mol%PbNbz06: 60 mol%Si02 were investigated from the PbSGe3011: PbNhz06: Si02+ 15%Ah03 system. Most of the glasses exhibited glass-in glass phase separation. From DT A analysis and subsequent crystallisation information, the most likely possible parameters, which control the glass-in glass phase separation, may be the NbzOslSi02 ratio for the glasses near the PbSGe3011 rich composition and Ah03 for the glasses near the PhzNhz06 rich composition. This system offered many interesting materials such as cubic pyrocWore PhzNbz07 based glass-ceramics and the orthorhombic PbNbz06 based glass-ceramics, and they are also mechanically robust.
17
Chan, Kwok-keung, und 陳國強. „Glass manufacturing centre“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981914.
18
Marshall, Colleen. „Peace of Glass“. Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2011. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/71.
19
Lacher, Kria. „Blenko Glass Gallery“. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53421.
Annotation:
This master's thesis is the design and discussion of a glass gallery and museum for the Blenko Glass factory in Milton, West Virginia. It is an exploration of Hertzberger’s concept of warp and weft.
Let us take the image of a fabric such as constituted by warp and weft. You could say the warp established the basic ordering of the fabric, and in doing so creates the greatest opportunity to achieve the greatest possible variety and colorfulness in the weft. The warp must first and foremost be strong and of the correct tension, but as regards to color it needs merely to serve as a base. It is the weft that gives color, pattern and texture to the fabric, depending on the imagination of the weaver. Warp and weft make up an invisible whole, the one cannot exist without the other, they give each other their purpose.Master of Architecture
20
Dodge, Richard Keith. „Anxiety in glass“. The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300474728.
21
Stanaway, Robin Anne. „Light and glass“. The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1314631561.
22
Aoki, Miho. „Language of glass“. The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322595529.
23
Dennis, Eric Keith. „Glass class struggle“. The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1326997865.
24
Amir, Juliana R. „Glass and Gold“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491472934550759.
25
Sanders, Gregory L. (Gregory Lynn). „Night of Glass“. Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331939/.
Annotation:
Night of Glass is for chamber orchestra with an estimated performance time of 14 minutes. The instrumentation for the work, using one player per part, is Flute (also small glass wind chimes), Oboe (also 1 tuned water crystal), Clarinet in A (also small glass wind chimes), Bassoon (also 1 tuned water crystal), Horn in F (also 1 tuned water crystal), Trumpet in C (also 2 tuned water crystals), Percussion (Vibraphone, Glockenspiel, Chimes, Bell Tree, Hammered Dulcimer, 3 Suspended Cymbals, 1 Large Tam-tam, 4 Roto Toms, 3 Tympani), Piano, 1st Violin, 2nd Violin, Viola, Cello, and Double Bass, While not programmatic, the work is divided into six sections each expressing a predetermined emotional content: fragility, anxiety, solitude, fear, catharsis, and reconciliation. All are emotional contents which are found in the dream-state that is reflected in the work's title. All aspects of Night of Glass (i.e., pitch material, form structure, and structural density) are centered around the unifying factor of emotional projection within each section. The work seeks emotional content through the expansion of composition procedures while being accessible to listeners.
26
Chan, Kwok-keung. „Glass manufacturing centre“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946870.
27
Niyompan, Anuson. „Fast-ion conducting glass and glass-ceramics for the pH sensor“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98497/.
Annotation:
Fast-ion conducting glasses of the compositions Na1+xM2-x/3SixP3-xOI2-2x3 (0≤ x ≤3), where M = Zr, Ti, were studied to determine their structural arrangement, physical properties and ionic conductivity. Glass samples were prepared using the conventional melt-quench method in the melting temperature range, 1550 °C to 1650 °C. Glass products were characterised by XRD, DTA, dilatometry and density measurement. Solid state MAS NMR experiments of three accessible nuclei, 23Na, 29Si and 31P were used to determine short-range order arrangement in the glasses. XRD confirms the amorphicity of glasses for the compositions of x in range 0-3. Glass transition temperatures, Tg. TEC, and molar volume are controlled by glass composition. The MAS NMR results suggest that glass structure could be visualised as the silicate network modified by Na+ and Zr4+ or Ti4+ and [PO4] tetrahedra link up with the remaining of these modifiers with no Si-O-P observed. The glass structures were also controlled by the compositions. Using parameters determined by DTA, the corresponding glass-ceramics were produced by heat treatment for 4 hr. The composition containing ZrO2 provided the fast-ion conducting crystalline phase at a small concentration. The major crystalline phase is Na2ZrSi2O7. Glass-ceramics containing TiO2 produce very small concentration of the crystallised phase. Ionic conductivity measurement was used to determine the electrical properties of glass and glass-ceramics. Glasses having high Na2O content showed the higher ionic conductivity compared to the others.
28
Andiç, Lâle. „Turkish glass culture and its relationship with contemporary glass and education“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26119.
Annotation:
The aim of this study is to discuss the connection and interaction between traditional Turkish glassmaking and contemporary glass art and education. This study, in tandem with my own work, will be put into practice. Contemporary glass art education derived from the American Studio Glass Art Movement which began in the 1960's, taking form in a university environment and going on to develop in institutions of higher education. It spread quickly throughout America and abroad. There are a number of points which should be considered, for instance, Turkish art schools have not been affected by the spread of this rapid and influential movement; there was a twenty year gap before its influence was finally seen in Turkey. On closer examination the prevailing factors seem to be cultural and economic. Neither of these factors individually provide the answer, however collectively they form a far clearer picture. At the same time, it is necessary to find where the educational direction of Turkish glass art lies in relation to historical, cultural, economical, political and aesthetic concepts. It is important to analyse these concepts in order to reveal the connections between them. This thesis is based on anthropological and geographical fieldwork, undertaken in order to create a picture of traditional and contemporary glassmaking. Information has been gathered from interviews done in U. K., Turkey, U. S. A. and data has been researched from museums, galleries, art schools, historical and archaeological references and individuals. Many points are illustrated by photographs. This thesis includes four parts. Part one is an introduction to glass, its structure and its development. Part two describes the many aspects of glassmaking in Turkey, from traditional to contemporary. Part three discusses the development of studio glass art specifically in U. S. A. Part four interprets the connection between the cultural values of Turkish glassmaking and studio glass. This concept is demonstrated in an exhibition of contemporary glasswork designed and made by the author mounted in Edinburgh College of Art in June 2000.
29
Gonçalves, Tássia de Souza. „Rare earth doped fluorophosphate glass and glass-ceramics: structure-property relations“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-30102018-100600/.
Annotation:
Rare earth RE3+ doped fluorophosphates glasses and glass ceramics are among the most promising candidates for high efficiency laser generation in the near-infrared spectral region. Glass ceramics are polycrystalline materials of fine microstructure that are produced by the controlled crystallization (devitrification) of a glass. By developing fluorophosphate base glasses with appropriate compositions and by controlling crystal nucleation and growth in them, glass ceramics with special properties can be fabricated combining the advantages of fluorides (low phonon energy, low refractive indexes, extensive optical window, lower hygroscopicity) and oxides (high chemical and mechanical stability and high dopant solubility), resulting in enhancement of the RE3+ emissive properties. In this study, we present the synthesis by melting/quenting and structural/spectroscopic investigation of new glasses and glass ceramics with composition 25BaF225SrF2(30-x)Al(PO3)3xAlF3(20-z)YF3: zREF3, where x = 15, 20 or 25, RE = Er3+ an/or Yb3+ and Nd3+. A detailed structural investigation of a series of this glasses has been conducted, using Raman, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies.Vidros e vitrocerâmicas fluorofosfatos dopados com íons terras raras (TR3+) estão entre os candidatos mais promissores para a geração de laser de alta eficiência na região espectral do infravermelho próximo. As vitrocerâmicas são materiais policristalinos com microestrutura bem definida obtida a partir da cristalização controlada do vidro base. Desenvolvendo vidros base de fluorofosfato com composições apropriadas e controlando a nucleação e crescimento de cristais, vitrocerâmicas com propriedades especiais podem ser fabricadas combinando as vantagens dos fluoretos (baixa energia de fônons, baixos índices de refração, janela ótica extensa, baixa higroscopicidade) e óxidos (alta estabilidade química e mecânica e alta solubilidade dopante), resultando no aumento das propriedades emissoras dos íons TR3+. Neste estudo, apresentamos a síntese por fusão/resfriamento e investigação estrutural/espectroscópica de novos vidros e vitrocerâmicas com composição 25BaF225SrF2(30-x)Al(PO3)3xAlF3(20-z)YF3: zREF3, onde x = 15, 20 ou 25, RE = Er3+ an / ou Yb3+ e Nd3+. Uma investigação estrutural detalhada de uma série destes vidros foi conduzida utilizando espectroscopias Raman, de ressonância magnética nuclear de estado sólido (RMN) e de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR).
30
Fleming, Lauren A. H. „Modification and processing of glass and glass with embedded silver nanoparticles“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b398eea0-8783-4b7d-924c-65c9c17bb155.
Annotation:
Glass is an inexpensive and readily available material making it an indispensable element in the many fields of science and technology. This thesis describes three methods of manipulating the optical and structural properties of glass and nanocomposite glass for varying applications. These are: thermal poling of glass, electric field assisted dissolution of glass embedded with silver nanoparticles and the irradiation of glass embedded with silver nanoparticles. Each method will be adapted to present novel and widely applicable approaches to the modification of glass. Thermal poling of glass will be used to create diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in soda-lime float glass. Thermal poling of glass results in a change to the glass structure, by using an electrode with a periodic pattern the glass was selectively restructured creating an effective DOE. The parameters of the process, namely applied voltage and temperature, were investigated for their part in the efficiency of the resultant DOE. A second method for the fabrication of DOEs will use electric field assisted dissolution (EFAD) of glass embedded with spherical silver nanoparticles. This process leads to the dissolution of silver nanoparticle into the surrounding glass. By selecting a mesh electrode with a periodic pattern an effective DOE was fabricated by selectively dissolving the silver nanoparticles in contact with the electrode. As with thermal poling, the voltage and temperature of the process will be investigated in order to produce more efficient DOEs. Glass with embedded spherical silver nanoparticles was irradiated using a nanosecond (36 ns) pulsed laser at 532 nm. Laser irradiation led to the formation of a thin surface film containing uniformly distributed nanoparticles - with an increase in the overall average nanoparticle size. The influence of the applied number of laser pulses on the optical and structural properties of such a recipient nanocomposite was investigated.
31
Poole, Matthew C. „Fatigue damage development in 3D woven glass and glass/carbon composites“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845964/.
Annotation:
A number of studies have been conducted on 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven composites, but their industrial application is still in its infancy. 3D woven composites show increased through-thickness strength, reducing delamination damage, which is often a key failure mechanism for composites under various loading conditions, especially fatigue. This work investigates the fatigue performance and damage development in a 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven composite consisting of three weft tow layers, two warp tow layers, and a through-thickness z-binder that interlaces along the warp-direction. While the properties of carbon fibres are generally superior to glass fibres, they are more expensive. Therefore, it is of interest to see if the fatigue performance of a glass fibre 3D orthogonal weave can be improved via selective hybridisation using a small amount of carbon fibres. Initial work began on a commercial all-glass 3D orthogonal weave called 3D-78, which was produced by 3TEX. It was found that quasi-static tensile mechanical properties were the same for both warp and weft loading directions, but when loaded in tension-tension fatigue, the warp direction had longer fatigue lifetimes than the weft-direction. The crack density was lower in warp-direction specimens as a result of greater micro-delamination growth blunting stress concentrations around the tips of matrix cracks. The micro-delamination damage in warp-direction fatigue specimens showed a shield-like shape (not previously observed), i.e. wider along one side and narrowing to a point on the other side; where delamination was restricted (at the pointed end), fibre fractures occurred in the adjacent warp tow. The pointed portion of the micro-delamination corresponded to proximity to a z-binder crown. Other damage that was common to both loading directions (warp and weft) included: transverse cracks in transverse tow and resin-rich regions, z-binder debonding, and longitudinal tow splitting cracks. No obvious failure sites were noted for weft-direction fatigue loading. The second material used, 3DMG, was manufactured by the University of Manchester. This material was produced with two different z-binder tensions. The initial z-binder tension (3DMG-T1) resulted in a higher tensile modulus and strength-to-failure, and lower strain-to-failure, for the warp-direction, while the tensile fatigue properties of both directions were similar. Increasing the z-binder tension (3DMG-T2) reduced the tensile modulus and increased the strain-to-failure of the warp-direction, with these properties now similar in both loading directions; the tensile strength for both loading directions remained similar. However, the fatigue performance of the warp-direction was observed to increase with increased z-binder tension, while the weft-direction remained the same. The damage that developed in both materials was similar to the damage in 3D-78, and remained practically the same regardless of z-binder tension, though the energy dissipated per cycle for warp-direction specimens was higher in 3DMG-T1, which corresponds well with the lower number of cycles to failure. The final material tested was a University of Manchester hybrid 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven composite, termed 3DMHyb; here the glass fibre z-binder was replaced with carbon fibre; the z-binder tension used here was the same as 3DMG-T2. Generally, the quasi-static properties of this hybrid material were similar in both loading directions, with the exception of the tensile modulus which was approximately 10% higher, indicating that the carbon fibre z-binder may influence low strain properties. Additionally, the properties of 3DMHyb remained similar to 3DMG-T2. For fatigue performance, However, the fatigue lifetime to failure appeared to increase by a factor of just over 2 at lower peak stress/initial peak strains for the hybrid warp-direction specimens. Again, the energy dissipation per cycle was lower for specimens that had larger number of cycles to failure, in this case the hybrid specimens. Damage development also remained similar between the 3DMG-T2 and 3DMhyb specimens, indicating that the extension of fatigue life noted in 3DMHyb may be the result of the carbon fibre z-binder supressing the development of damage mechanisms leading to ultimate failure of the specimens.
32
Marii, Fatma. „Glass, glass cakes and tesserae from the Petra Church in Petra, Jordan“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444327/.
Annotation:
This study is concerned with the glass finds excavated from the Petra Church. It focuses on the glass cakes, which were found concentrated in Room IX of the church together with other glass fragments. The aim is to document these cakes and analyse them for their archaeological and technological significance. Petra Church dates from the late 4th to the early 7th centuries AD and revealed a glass collection consisting of transparent fragments, mosaic tesserae and cakes. Heaps of glass fragments were found at the floor of the room adjoining the church. Such collections were recorded also in several other contemporary sites of the Byzantine Levant. This indicates that these rooms were collecting points or storage areas for glass materials to be traded or recycled. Almost eight kilograms of cake fragments were documented. These fragments showed varieties in their colours and textures. Optical microscopy examinations for both cakes and tesserae samples revealed an abundance of bubbles and inclusions. The backscatter electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry examination reveals that the majority of these inclusions are calcium phosphate and manganese oxide, which has not been recorded before in Byzantine glass. A few inclusions that were detected are metallic-based, and are part of the additives used in the glass. The different compositional groups identified reflect different sources used for their production in different periods. The glass cakes are interpreted to be evidence for recycled glass, and possibly experimentation with new raw materials, at a time of increasing natron shortage in the Levant.
33
Reymond, Sean. „Modeling the pull force while pultruding epoxy/glass and polyester/glass composites“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0034/MQ38702.pdf.
34
Wasson, Eleanor A. „The development of glass-poly(alkenoate) [glass-ionomer] cements for orthopaedic applications“. Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295811.
35
Bleay, S. M. „Microstructure and micromechanics in glass and glass-ceramics reinforced with ceramic fibres“. Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293064.
36
Gunay, Volkan. „Sol-gel processing of fibre reinforced glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399683.
37
Desjardins, Tara. „Mughal glass : Indian glass from the late modern and early colonial period“. Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30324/.
38
Dorgans, Céline. „Study of interactions between glass and tungsten during glass hot forming processes“. Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0022.
Annotation:
Lors du formage des seringues, l'interaction entre le verre et le tungstène de l'outil conduit à des phénomènes combinés d'oxydation et d'usure, et à la contamination de la seringue par le tungstène. Ceci peut entraîner des réactions indésirables avec les solutions médicamenteuses. L'étude de l'oxydation et usure à chaud de l'outil en tungstène a été réalisée dans l'air et dans le verre, dans des conditions statiques et cycliques, lors d'expériences spécifiques et lors du procédé industriel. Couplée à la caractérisation des différents oxydes présents à la surface des seringues, elle a permis de modéliser les phénomènes mis en jeu lors du procédé industriel. Grâce à la compréhension de ces phénomènes, des solutions ont été proposées pour éviter la présence du tungstène dans la seringueDuring syringe hot forming, tungsten-glass interactions lead to oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool and contamination of the syringe by tungsten. Direct consequences are unwanted reactions with sensitive medicines I contained in the syringes. Oxidation and wear of the tungsten tool was studied in air and in glass at high temperature, during dedicated experiments and during the syringe forming process. Thanks to the understanding of these phenomena, solutions to avoid contamination of the syringe by tungsten were proposed
39
Guan, Qing. „Sodium diffusion in soda-lime-silicate glass around the glass transition temperature /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487687115926219.
40
Reddy, Allu Amarnath. „Alkaline-earth aluminosilicate-based glass and glass-ceramic sealants for functional applications“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15217.
Annotation:
Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia dos MateriaisThe planar design of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the most promising one due to its easier fabrication, improved performance and relatively high power density. In planar SOFCs and other solid-electrolyte devices, gas-tight seals must be formed along the edges of each cell and between the stack and gas manifolds. Glass and glass-ceramic (GC), in particular alkaline-earth alumino silicate based glasses and GCs, are becoming the most promising materials for gas-tight sealing applications in SOFCs. Besides the development of new glass-based materials, new additional concepts are required to overcome the challenges being faced by the currently existing sealant technology. The present work deals with the development of glasses- and GCs-based materials to be used as a sealants for SOFCs and other electrochemical functional applications. In this pursuit, various glasses and GCs in the field of diopside crystalline materials have been synthesized and characterized by a wide array of techniques. All the glasses were prepared by melt-quenching technique while GCs were produced by sintering of glass powder compacts at the temperature ranges from 800−900 ºC for 1−1000 h. Furthermore, the influence of various ionic substitutions, especially SrO for CaO, and Ln2O3 (Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Yb), for MgO + SiO2 in Al-containing diopside on the structure, sintering and crystallization behaviour of glasses and properties of resultant GCs has been investigated, in relevance with final application as sealants in SOFC. From the results obtained in the study of diopside-based glasses, a bilayered concept of GC sealant is proposed to overcome the challenges being faced by (SOFCs). The systems designated as Gd−0.3 (in mol%: 20.62MgO−18.05CaO−7.74SrO−46.40SiO2−1.29Al2O3 − 2.04 B2O3−3.87Gd2O3) and Sr−0.3 (in mol%: 24.54 MgO−14.73 CaO−7.36 SrO−0.55 BaO−47.73 SiO2−1.23 Al2O3−1.23 La2O3−1.79 B2O3−0.84 NiO) have been utilized to realize the bi-layer concept. Both GCs exhibit similar thermal properties, while differing in their amorphous fractions, revealed excellent thermal stability along a period of 1,000 h. They also bonded well to the metallic interconnect (Crofer22APU) and 8 mol% yttrium stabilized zirconium (8YSZ) ceramic electrolyte without forming undesirable interfacial layers at the joints of SOFC components and GC. Two separated layers composed of glasses (Gd−0.3 and Sr−0.3) were prepared and deposited onto interconnect materials using a tape casting approach. The bi-layered GC showed good wetting and bonding ability to Crofer22APU plate, suitable thermal expansion coefficient (9.7–11.1 × 10–6 K−1), mechanical reliability, high electrical resistivity, and strong adhesion to the SOFC componets. All these features confirm the good suitability of the investigated bi-layered sealant system for SOFC applications.
A concepção planar de células de combustível de óxido sólido (SOFC) é a mais promissora devido a sua fabricação mais fácil, um melhor desempenho e uma densidade de potência relativamente elevada. Nas SOFCs planares e outros dispositivos de electrólitos sólidos são necessárias vedações estanques ao gás ao longo das arestas de cada uma das células e entre os tubos de distribuição de gás e de pilha. Materiais vítreos e vitrocerâmicos (GC), em particular com composições baseadas em aluminosilicatos alcalino-terrosos, estão entre os materiais mais promissores para aplicações de vedação à prova de gás em SOFCs. Além do desenvolvimento de novos materiais à base de vidros e vitrocerâmicos, são também necessários novos conceitos para superar os desafios enfrentados pela tecnologia selante atualmente existente. O presente trabalho visa dar um contributo nesse sentido, propondo soluções de vedação para SOFCs e outras aplicações electroquímicas. Para o efeito, foram sintetizados vários vidros e GCs à base de diópsido, os quais foram caracterizados por recurso a uma grande variedade de técnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusão, enquanto os GCs foram produzidos por sinterização (tratamento térmico) de compactos de pó de vidro nas faixas de temperatura de 800 − 900 ºC por 1 − 1000 h. Além disso, foram estudados os efeitos de diversas substituições iónicas, especialmente de CaO por SrO, e de MgO + SiO2 por Ln2O3 (Ln = La, Nd, Gd, e Yb), em composições de aluminosilicatos à base de diópsido na estrutura, sinterização e cristalização dos vidros e nas propriedades dos GCs resultantes com particular relevância para as propriedades de vedação em SOFCs. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, foi possível propor um novo conceito de selante vritrocerâmico em bi-camadas que visa ultrapassar os desafios enfrentados pelos vedantes actualmente usados em SOFCs. Os sistemas designados por Gd−0,3 (em % molar: 20,62 MgO−18,05 CaO−7,74 SrO−46,40 SiO2−1,29 Al2O3−2,04 B2O3−3,87 Gd2O3) e Sr−0,3 (em % molar: 24,54 MgO−14,73 CaO−7,36 SrO−0,55 BaO−47,73 SiO2−1,23 Al2O3−1,23 La2O3−1,79 B2O3−0,84 NiO) foram seleccionados para realizar o conceito de bi-camada. Ambos os GCs exibem propriedades térmicas semelhantes, e excelente estabilidade térmica ao longo de um período de 1.000 horas, mas diferem nas suas fracções vítreas/cristalinas. Eles revelaram também elevada aptidão para se ligarem à interconexão metálica (Crofer22APU) e ao electrólito sólido (zircónia estabilizada com 8 mol% de ítria (8YSZ) sem a formação de camadas interfaciais indesejáveis entre os diferentes componentes das SOFCs. Duas camadas separadas compostas pelos vidros (Gd−0,3 e Sr−0.3) foram preparadas e depositadas sobre as interconexões metálicas através de uma abordagem tape casting. As bi-camadas vitrocerâmicas mostram boa capacidade de molhamento e ligação à placa Crofer22APU, coeficientes de expansão térmica adequados (9,7−11,1 × 10−6 K−1), confiabilidade mecânica, elevada resistividade eléctrica, e uma forte adesão aos componentes da SOFC. Todas estas características confirmam a boa adequação do sistema selante bi-camadas investigado para aplicações em SOFCs.
41
Siegrist, Marco E. „Bulk metallic glass composites /“. Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16998.
42
Lowes, Philip. „Radio antennas on glass“. Thesis, Northumbria University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367424.
43
Cheng, Y. „ZrO2̲-toughened glass-ceramics“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233443.
44
Nhamoinesu, Shelton. „Steel-glass composite panels“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708845.
45
Bon, Elise 1980. „Structural opportunities for glass“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29329.
Annotation:
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.The use of glass has increased in the last decade. But glass is still not well known by designers because it has an unusual behavior when loaded, it is brittle. Glass acquires many of its characteristics during it manufacturing process, which is described. Then different structural improvements can be obtained, by treatments and assemblies and its latest developments. Mechanical behavior of glass is studied, and this completes the description of glass as a structural material. A second step is to study how glass is used in civil engineering, in a building's structural system. The tendency to "make the most of glass" has motivated designers to seek to improve the support system, often a weak aspect of glass in building. They are thus described as an important development that permits high performance glass structures. Finally, the latest improvements in the structural design and model of glass that have led to elaborated structures using glass are described.
by Elise Bon.
M.Eng.
46
Lizardo, Daniel (Daniel H. ). „Printing a glass ecology“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119087.
Annotation:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-90).
In this thesis, I explore relationships between form generation, material properties, and design constraints in search of a new framework for designing with unpredictable or unstable material systems using glass 3D printing as a case study. Molten glass forming has always been difficult to accurately predict or model, but also offers a high degree of geometric complexity or hierarchy through organic formations. Top-down design approaches to material tunability and control are enabled by new digital fabrication tools and technologies that offer some of most successful attempts to design at scales approaching that of nature [38] [20]. Bottom-up, material-driven systems design functionality, itself, around organically formed structures to challenge our perspective of designing for utility, and how to define that utility [18]. The glass 3D printer, developed by The Mediated Matter Group in collaboration with the MIT Glass Lab, has been an important case study long in the making. A novel type of glass forming quickly gave way to a dialogue with highly unstable material behaviors, structures too complex to model in real time and visually compelling, frozen in time with cooling temperatures. The process generates new types of glass structures and visual output, enabling new design typologies for the product and architectural scale. Here I present an array of over a hundred unique design experiments that offer insight into this brand new design space created by complex glass behavior under control of a digital machine and harnessing structural instability. Close study not only of the objects generated but also their behavior during fabrication is key to understanding how the glass responds to the motion of the machine. Analysis of the project workflow itself provides the foundation for a framework capable of handling an active and complex material system, identifying how and when machine control can be used directly, how and when organic material formation can take place, and how the two interface from design tool to fabrication tool to design product. Finally, I look ahead to the potential for new product and architectural functionalities enabled by this platform, and I establish concepts for using the highly complex forms with the mapped "design space" as a guide for what we understand to be possible. The goal is to form new knowledge about material-informed digital fabrication through the generation of new glass forms and designs.
by Daniel Lizardo.
S.M.
47
Burnett, L. „Through the weather glass“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29511/.
Annotation:
This Creative Writing thesis argues for the need to rethink our understanding of climate change and focuses on the response of creative writers to this phenomenon, whilst also offering its own creative contribution. The critical component aims at articulating a post-climate change poetics. It reviews the mainstream literature in popular science writing, fiction and poetry from the point of view of a political frame-analysis of climate change, to demonstrate how a certain understanding of climate change maps onto conventions of literary genre. The thesis takes the view that many mainstream literary attempts to negotiate climate change are compromised by the teleological way in which they conceive of the phenomenon. As an alternative position, it draws on the work of climatologist Mike Hulme and physicist and cultural theorist Karen Barad to encourage participation in climate change as a condition for negotiating its meaning. Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking Glass is proposed as a model for literary production informed by this poetics and as a model for the author’s own creative practice. The creative component of this thesis is an intra-generic text presenting the fictionalised narrative of a cycle expedition the author made from Salford to the Greek island of Ikaria in the summer of 2010. This substantial work aims to interrogate, imagine, and enquire into the epistemology of a post-climate change world.
48
Cheshire, James Peter. „Early Victorian stained glass“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244419.
49
Evans, Suzanne M. „Words like Glass Windows“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1337607255.
50
Draper, Natalie R. „Water in the Glass“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1239301472.