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1
Pee, K. C., C. E. Johnson, E. W. Bush und E. A. Drummond. „SUB-OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE GERMINATION OF 15 WATERMELON CULTIVARS“. HortScience 25, Nr. 8 (August 1990): 862a—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.862a.
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Seed of 15 watermelon cultivars were evaluated for germinating ability at sub-optimum temperatures. Seeds of each cultivar were exposed to 12.8, 15.6, 18.3, 21.1, and 30.0°C for 8 days in a germinator in accordance to standard seed testing rules. Radical emergence was evaluated on day 5 and day 8. None of the cultivars germinated at 12.8C after 8 days exposure. At 15.6°C, 'Red-N-Sweet' and `Blackstone' had germinations of 54 and 40 percent respectively on day 5, and both increased to over 80 percent on day 8. At 18.3°C `Red-N-Sweet' and `Blackstone' exhibited at least 90 percent germination after 5 days while the other 14 cultivars ranged from 2.5 to 86 percent. At 21.1°C all cultivars except `Black Diamond' and `Allsweet' had germinations of 80 percent or higher on day 5. Germination increased to 90 percent or above by day 8 except for `Black Diamond' at 83 percent. There were no significant differences among cultivars at the 30°C optimum germinating temperature with cultivars having 89.5 percent or higher germination.
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Vrzalová, Jana, und Pavel Knot. „The effect of seed age and treatment by Proradix method on germinability and initial growth of selected meadow grass (Poa pratensis) varieties“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, Nr. 5 (2011): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159050309.
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The goal of the study conducted in 2008 and 2010 at the Research Forage Production Station in Vatín was to investigate the influence of seed age and seed treatment by Proradix method on the germination dynamics, total germinating capacity and initial growth rate of selected meadow grass varieties. The testing was carried out in controlled conditions on the germinator. Our results indicate that the age of seed significantly affects both the germination dynamics and the total germinating capacity. On day 7 after the establishment of the trial, a significantly higher germinating capacity was observed in the 4-year old seed (33.3%) as compared with the 2-year old seed (17.4%). Nevertheless, from day 13, higher germination values were recorded in the younger seed and its total achieved germinating capacity was significantly higher too (+7.2%). Interesting was a finding that the older seed of most varieties showed a more readily oncoming germination, which may play a quite important role in some cases namely in meadow grass, which is known by slow initial growth. The older seed exhibited significantly lower values of both above-ground biomass and the biomass of roots. The Proradix method appeared as efficient in boosting the total germinating capacity. It significantly increased germination rate as well as total germinating capacity. At the same time, a positive effect was observed of treatment by this method on the length of both shoot and root parts; the difference was statistically insignificant though.
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Aime, M. C., und O. K. Miller Jr. „Delayed germination of basidiospores in temperate species of Crepidotus (Fr.) Staude“. Canadian Journal of Botany 80, Nr. 3 (01.03.2002): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-009.
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Delayed basidiospore germination (endogenous dormancy) for a number of species of Crepidotus (Agaricales: Crepidotaceae) is reported for the first time. Ninety percent of recovered single spore isolates germinated between 18 and 36 weeks after collection; average germination was 25 weeks after collection. The period in which 90% of germinations occurred was between 17 February and 19 April, with 50% of recovered isolates germinating in March. Many abiotic factors were experimentally manipulated in an effort to reduce or alter the necessary incubation period without effect. The latent period was consistent for a given collection, with the majority of recovered isolates from fall-fruiting collections germinating during early spring, regardless of whether spores were plated immediately after harvesting or stored for one to several months prior to plating. The identity of the cultures derived from delayed germination was confirmed by DNA sequencing.Key words: basidiospore, dormancy, single spore isolates, Crepidotaceae, large subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data, phylogeny.
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Ribeiro-Oliveira, J. P., M. A. Ranal und M. A. Boselli. „Water Dynamics on Germinating Diaspores: Physiological Perspectives from Biophysical Measurements“. Plant Phenomics 2020 (06.12.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/5196176.
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We demonstrated that classical biophysical measurements of water dynamics on germinating diaspores (seeds and other dispersal units) can improve the understanding of the germination process in a simpler, safer, and newer way. This was done using diaspores of cultivated species as a biological model. To calculate the water dynamics measurements (weighted mass, initial diffusion coefficient, velocity, and acceleration), we used the mass of diaspores recorded over germination time. Weighted mass of germinating diaspores has a similar pattern, independent of the physiological quality, species, or genetic improvement degree. However, the initial diffusion coefficient (related to imbibition per se), velocity, and acceleration (related to the whole germination metabolism) are influenced by species characters, highlighting the degree of genetic improvement and physiological quality. Changes in the inflection of velocity curves demonstrated each phase of germination sensu stricto. There is no pattern related to the number of these phases, which could range between three and six. Regression models can demonstrate initial velocity and velocity increments for each phase, giving an idea of the management of germinative metabolism. Our finds demonstrated that germination is a polyphasic process with a species-specific pattern but still set by the degree of genetic improvement and (or) physiological quality of diaspores. Among the biophysical measurements, velocity has the greatest potential to define the germination metabolism.
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Cruz, Oscar, Juan García-Duro, Mercedes Casal und Otilia Reyes. „Can the mother plant age of Acacia melanoxylon (Leguminosae) modulate the germinative response to fire?“ Australian Journal of Botany 65, Nr. 7 (2017): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17083.
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Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. (Leguminosae) is one of the most widely distributed tree species in the world. It has significant commercial use but can be a danger to natural ecosystems as an invader species. For these reasons it is necessary to have a deep knowledge about its germinative response to fire and the role the mother plant age plays in that response. In this work we assessed the effects of the interaction of the mother plant age with the main fire agents (smoke, charcoal, ash and heat) on the germinative response of A. melanoxylon. To reach this aim, germination tests were conducted with seeds from young, intermediate and mature mother plants, with 20 treatments each applied. Results show that fire can act as a great stimulator of the germination of A. melanoxylon but it can also strongly inhibit it. The mother plant age does not modify the final germination values, but it influences the time in which the first germinations occur after fire. This trait can be more important than the final germination percentage when looking at the success of post-fire regeneration. These results have important implications for A. melanoxylon management, for both species control and ecological restoration purposes.
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Zhang, Heng, Zhao Tang Xu und Kun He. „Effects of Disused Battery on Contents of Protein and Nucleic Acid during the Germination of Wheat Seeds“. Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (Juni 2014): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.213.
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The aim was to study the effect of extract of disused battery on wheat germination. The germination characteristics such as germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index, and content changes of protein and nucleic acid in wheat grain were determined by germination bed method. The results showed that the extract concentration of disused battery affected wheat germination. With the increase of extract concentration of disused battery, the germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index and content of nucleic acid gradually dropped, only protein content added.
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Dantas, Bárbara França, Luciana de Sá Ribeiro und Carlos Alberto Aragão. „Physiological response of cowpea seeds to salinity stress“. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 27, Nr. 1 (Juni 2005): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222005000100018.
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This work aimed to evoluate physiological response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seeds submitted to salt stress. Seeds of cultivars 'Epace-10'; 'Canapu' and 'Pitiúba' of cowpea, were submitted to germination test in germinator at 25(0)C, in "germitest" papers imbibed in distilled water or in 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200mol m-3 NaCl solutions. At the first and second counting of the germination test, normal seedlings were accounted, weighted and dried, obtaining data for vigor, total germination, fresh matter weight and dry matter weight. The seedlings hypocotyls, root and total length were measured total proteins content in cotyledons were obtained from germinating seeds. The presence of salt at concentrations higher than 50mol m-3 NaCl affect the germination, seedlings growth and cotyledons total protein synthesis of all cowpea cultivars. The seeds of cultivar pitiúba were is more tolerant to salinity, than the cultivars Canapu and Epace-10.
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Moreno-Pizani, María Alejandra, Asdrubal Jesus Farias-Ramirez, Hugo Thaner dos Santos, Ana Dionisia da Luz Coelho Novembre, Lorena Isabel Guevara-Orozco, Franklin Paredes-Trejo, Fábio Ricardo Marin, Nildo da Silva Dias und Patricia Angélica Alves Marques. „Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation Protocol of Baccharis Seed Germination“. Journal of Agricultural Science 11, Nr. 3 (15.02.2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p421.
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Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC (E1) and Baccharis crispa Spreng. (E2) possess potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Qualitative and quantitative information on seed germination on these species is scarce. The objective of this investigation was to establish a protocol for evaluating seed germination of E1 and E2 and to analice the scoring and curve fitting by the Germinator package, for different periods of germination were between 0.93 and 0.99. Both species showed differences in germinability and mean germination time, 27 days for E1 and 20 days for E2. The germination dispersion showed that E1 germination was homogeneous, with differences in growth pattern, whereas the results on germination of E2. The mean speed of germination determined with the experimental data was close to the values obtained by the Germinator package, with a maximum germination of more than 34%, proving that the software was efficient for evaluating germination.
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Teodoro, M. S., M. C. S. Alves, M. N. Lacerda und L. M. S. Araújo. „Influência do NaClO na germinação de sementes de alface em Parnaíba-PI“. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, Nr. 4 (16.10.2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3405.
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<p>O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em condições de casa de vegetação situada em Parnaíba-PI, município onde predominam altas temperaturas. Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação de diferentes lotes de sementes de alface antes e após a embebição em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (NaCIO). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 7 (duas variáveis como pré-germinativos: com imersão em NaClO e sem imersão em NaClO, e sete cultivares de alface), com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: Primeira contagem do teste de germinação (PCG), Teste de germinação (TG) e Índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Analisando-se os dados obtidos, verificou-se que independente da presença ou ausência do tratamento pré-germinativo, a cultivar T6 foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados para as variáveis analisadas. Exceto T2, todas as outras cultivares que receberam tratamento com hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) obtiveram resultados expressivos, em comparação com as que não receberam esse tratamento, entretanto, a germinação de todos os lotes foi inferior ao estabelecido para comercialização de sementes de alface, com recomendações acima de 80%. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Influence of NaClO on lettuce seed germination in Parnaíba-PI</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate, under conditions of a greenhouse located in Parnaiba, PI, where high temperatures and after soaking in solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO), the germination of seeds of seven cultivars of lettuce. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in factorial arrangement 2 x 7 (two variables as pré-germinativos: with NaClO and immersion without immersion in NaClO, and seven cultivars of lettuce), with four replicates. The seeds were subjected to the following determinations: First germination test score (PCG), germination test (TG) and germination speed Index (IVG). Analyzing the data obtained, it was found that regardless of the presence or absence of treatment pre-germinative, cultivating T6 was presented the best results for the variables analyzed. Except for T2, all other cultivars that received treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) achieved significant results, compared to those who did not receive this treatment, however, the germination of all batches was lower than that established for commercialization of seeds of lettuce, with recommendations above 80.</p>
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Liu, Mengzhou, Ning Qiao, Bing Zhang, Fengying Liu, Yuan Miao, Ji Chen, Yanfeng Sun, Peng Wang und Dong Wang. „Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China“. PeerJ 10 (01.12.2022): e14485. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14485.
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Seed germination is a key stage in the life history of plants, which has a crucial effect on plant community structure. Climate change has substantially altered the surface soil temperature and light availability, which can affect seed germination. However, whether the seed germination of different functional groups is affected by the interactions of light and temperature remains unclear. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of low temperature and darkness, as well as their interaction, on the seed germination of 16 species belonging to three plant functional groups (annual and biennials, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) in a typical steppe, Northern China. We found that low temperature had a significant negative effect on seed germination of all species. Low temperature significantly decreased the final germination percentage and germinative force of the three plant functional groups, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. Darkness significantly decreased the germinative force of perennial forbs and total seeds, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. The interactive effects of light and temperature on the seed final germination percentage and germinative force of perennial grass indicated that darkness strengthened the inhibitory effect of low temperature on the seed germination of the grass functional group. Our study indicate that the seed germination of different plant functional groups varied greatly in response to changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that future climate change could alter the regeneration and species composition of plant communities through changing seed germination.
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Faúndez, Ángela, Carlos R. Magni, Eduardo Martínez-Herrera, Sergio Espinoza, Suraj Vaswani, Marco A. Yañez, Iván Gréz, Oscar Seguel, Betsabé Abarca-Rojas und Iván Quiroz. „Effect of the Soil Matric Potential on the Germination Capacity of Prosopis chilensis, Quillaja saponaria and Cryptocarya alba from Contrasting Geographical Origins“. Plants 11, Nr. 21 (02.11.2022): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212963.
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As a consequence of the megadrought in Central Chile, it is expected that most of the distribution of woody species will be narrowed in the northern limits because of restrictions imposed by soil matric potential on seed germination. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the soil matric potential on seed germination and initial recruitment of the sclerophyllous species Prosopis chilensis, Quillaja saponaria and Cryptocarya alba from contrasting geographic origins (i.e., seed sources). We evaluated the germination capacity (%) under different matric potentials (i.e., 0, −6, −33, −750 and −1250 kPa) for 100 days. Soil matric potential of −1250 kPa negatively affected the germination capacity of the three species. P. chilensis seeds stopped germinating under soil matric potential close to −1200 kPa, whereas in Q. saponaria and C. alba the complete inhibition of germination was under −1000 kPa. Seed sources also differed in their germination capacity by soil matric potential: northern seed sources of P. chilensis germinated with the lowest soil matric potential. There was no clear trend in Q. saponaria and C. alba, but in general, southern seed sources performed better than the northern ones. The results showed that Ѱm in the soil played an important role in the germinative capacity against different seed source origins, but not in soils with a north–south gradient.
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Foolad, Majid R., Prakash Subbiah und Liping Zhang. „Common QTL Affect the Rate of Tomato Seed Germination under Different Stress and Nonstress Conditions“. International Journal of Plant Genomics 2007 (10.02.2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/97386.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rates of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions were under common genetic controls by examining quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting such traits. Seeds of BC1 progeny of a cross between a slow-germinating tomato breeding line and a rapid-germinating tomato wild accession were evaluated for germination under nonstress as well as cold, salt, and drought stress conditions. In each treatment, the most rapidly-germinating seeds were selected, grown to maturity, and subjected to molecular marker analysis. A selective genotyping approach detected between 6 and 9 QTL affecting germination rate under each of the four conditions, with a total of 14 QTL identified. Ten QTL affected germination rate under 2 or 3 conditions, which were considered germination-related common QTL. Four QTL affected germination rate only in one treatment, which were considered germination-related, condition-specific QTL . The results indicated that mostly the same QTL affected seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions, supporting a previous suggestion that similar physiological mechanisms contribute to rapid seed germination under different conditions. Marker-assisted selection for the common QTL may result in progeny with rapid seed germinability under different conditions.
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Valšíková, Magdaléna, Jaroslav Jedlička, Ivana Mezeyová und Seda Guler. „Influence Of Magnetic Field On Onion Seed Germination“. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare 18, Nr. 1 (01.05.2015): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2015-0003.
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Abstract Dynamics of onion seeds germination with different germinability and magnetic field influence with variable intensity on onion germinative activity was determined in trials. Amika F1 hybrid marked low germinative activity. On 21th day after trial foundation it reached germinability of 34–46%. Halftime of this germination was reached on fourth to fifth day after trial foundation. Exhibition variety had convenient germination activity, 70–91%. Halftime of its germinability was reached on sixth to eighth day after trial foundation. On the base of submitted results there can be said that the seed with low germinative activity has faster initial start of germination. The seed with suitable germinative activity has more regular course of germinability from the beginning till the end of germination. Seeds of varieties Amika F1 and Exhibition achieved significantly lower germination in the radiation intensity of 20 mT compared to other variants with the radiation intensity of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one. Between the variants of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one the differences were not significant.
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Müller, Eike, Elisabeth J. Cooper und Inger Greve Alsos. „Germinability of arctic plants is high in perceived optimal conditions but low in the field“. Botany 89, Nr. 5 (Mai 2011): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-022.
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Sexual reproduction is crucial for plant populations to track and adapt to climate change, but it is uncertain to what degree arctic vascular plants reproduce by seed. Several studies on arctic species show low germination. To re-examine seed germination and evaluate factors limiting sexual reproduction, seeds of 6–22 arctic species were germinated in five different, increasingly more realistic, conditions. Thirteen out of 15 species that were tested in an earlier study in Svalbard, Norway, germinated better in our study. Compared with perceived optimal conditions in a growth chamber, average germination per species was 6%–52% lower in five out of six species germinating at a colder temperature in soil, 36%–64% lower when germinating outdoors in soil, 49%–91% lower when germinating in a moss covered moraine, and 55%–91% lower when germinating in open soil on a moraine. Germination outdoors was below 5% in 10 out of 13 species and not correlated to germination in perceived optimal conditions. The high germination compared with earlier studies suggests that climate warming has already increased seed viability. However, caution should be taken when evaluating species-recruitment potential based on laboratory studies, as germination in the field was limited by species-specific responses to low temperatures, moisture, predation, and safe-site availability.
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Liu, Yongjie, und Fujiang Hou. „Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germination in controlled experiments“. Journal of Plant Ecology 14, Nr. 1 (19.10.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa070.
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Abstract Aims Seed germinations react to their local growing conditions, but the impacts of soil heterogeneity on seed germinations are not well known. Methods Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germinations of grasses species were explored, where two levels of such soil heterogeneity were created via alternatively filling nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich substrate in pot in all directions. Patch sizes of the two heterogeneity levels are around 7.5 and 15 cm, respectively. Fifty seeds of each of the grasses species (Lolium perenne and Elymus nutans) were set either in these heterogeneous soils or in petri dishes with distilled water. Seed germinations of these species were daily recorded. Important Findings We found that pots with smaller patches had relatively lower germination rate, which is consistent with our expectation that shorter distance between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor patches in pots with smaller patches allows plants to reduce their germination rates and delay their germination, in order to reduce the negative impacts of the strong variation of soil resources in these pots. Our results also revealed that pots with smaller patches yielded more heterogeneous seed germination, i.e. seed germinations highly diverged among these pots. These findings highlight that the realistic three-dimensional design can improve our understanding of seed germination as driven by soil spatial heterogeneity.
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Herranz, José M., Miguel Á. Copete, Pablo Ferrandis und Elena Copete. „Intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in the endemic Iberian Aconitum napellus subsp. castellanum (Ranunculaceae)“. Seed Science Research 20, Nr. 2 (23.02.2010): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258510000048.
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AbstractSeeds of Aconitum napellus subsp. castellanum were physiologically dormant at maturity in early autumn, with underdeveloped embryos. Thus they have morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Embryos in fresh seeds were on average 1.01 mm long, and they had to grow to 3.60 mm before radicle emergence. Cold stratification at 5°C for 5 months with light enhanced the mean embryo length to 2.73 mm (SE = 0.13) and seed germination to 20%. However, with higher temperatures (15/4, 20/7, 25/10, 28/14 and 32/18°C) embryo growth was small, with no seeds germinating. Optimal germination was achieved after 4 months of cold stratification at 5°C followed by incubation at 20/7°C for 1 month with light, when germination ranged between 70 and 79%, depending on seed age, locality and year of collection. Cold stratification could be substituted by the application of GA3 solution, since mean embryo length in seeds incubated at 25/10°C for 1 month with light was 3.52 mm and the germination was 80%. Since cold stratification was the only requirement for the loss of MPD, the longest embryo growth occurred during this treatment, and GA3 promoted MPD loss, we concluded that A. napellus seeds have intermediate complex MPD. Germination was higher in 4-month stored than in freshly matured seeds. A pronounced variability in germinative patterns at inter-annual and inter-population level was recorded.
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Copete, Miguel Á., José M. Herranz und Pablo Ferrandis. „Seed germination ecology of the endemic Iberian winter annualsIberis pectinataandZiziphora aragonensis“. Seed Science Research 19, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258509990079.
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AbstractThe germination ecology of the winter annual Iberian endemicsIberis pectinataandZiziphora aragonensiswas investigated in order to better understand adaptations of rare species to their natural habitat and to improveex-situpropagation techniques and management of their habitat. Specifically, we analysed the following aspects: (1) influence of temperature, light conditions and seed age on germination patterns; (2) phenology of germination; (3) germinative response of buried seeds to seasonal temperature changes; and (4) temperature requirements for induction and breaking of secondary dormancy. Germination was substantially lower in darkness than with a photoperiod in both taxa, with this difference being more pronounced inZ. aragonensis. Freshly matured seeds showed conditional physiological dormancy, germinating at low and medium temperatures but not at high temperatures (28/14 and 32/18°C). Germination capability increased with time of dry storage in both species, suggesting the existence of non-deep physiological dormancy. Under greenhouse conditions, germination of both taxa was mostly concentrated in autumn (October–November), while spring percentages were less than 1% of total accumulated germination recorded during the study.I. pectinataandZ. aragonensisseeds buried and exposed to natural seasonal temperature variations in an unheated greenhouse came out of conditional dormancy in summer and re-entered it in winter, thus exhibiting an annual conditional dormancy/non-dormancy cycle. Dormant seeds of both species which were stratified at 28/14 or 32/18°C during an 8-week period, were non-dormant when they were subsequently incubated over a range of temperatures from 5 to 25/10°C. Non-dormant seeds were induced into dormancy when stratified at 5 or 15/4°C for 8 weeks, showing a particularly low germination response at high temperatures. Recommendations for wild-population reinforcement programmes and for the management of the natural habitat of both endemics are discussed.
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M. Olivas, Regine. „SEED GERMINATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) USING PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) FRUIT EXTRACTS AS NATURALLY OCCURRING GERMINATION INHIBITOR AND GIBBERELLIC ACID IN VARIOUS SEED TREATMENTS“. International Journal of Advanced Research 9, Nr. 11 (30.11.2021): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13822.
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Seed Germination is a vital process in plant growth and development. It is very crucial in crop production. Control of seed germination can proceed if there are presence of naturally occurring germination inhibitors such as papaya fruit extracts. Promotion of seed germination on the other hand, can be obtain from plant growth hormones such as gibberellic acid. Various seed treatments used in the experiment were the following: T1-unwashed, fresh T2-washed, fresh T3-washed, air-dried T4-washed, fresh and T5-washed, fresh.Twenty (20) seeds were counted for each treatment. Distilled water as the germinating medium for the seeds were T1, T2 and T3. In T4 and T5, 100ppm of GA3 and papaya fruit extracts were used as germinating media respectively. The highest and the lowest percent germination was shown in T2 and T5 respectively.InT1 and T3 on the other hand, had 75% and 80% germination respectively.Papaya fruit extracts (T5) is considered as a naturally occurring germination inhibitorin tomato.
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Camargo, Haron Victor Ferreira, Letícia Siqueira Walter, Mônica Moreno Gabira und Dagma Kratz. „Pre-germinative treatments and seed storage of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine morphotypes“. COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, Nr. 4 (19.08.2020): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n4.a387.
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This study aimed to evaluate the germination behavior of two morphotypes of P. cattleyanumsubmitted to storage and pre-germinative treatments. The experiment was designed in a factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 3 (morphotypes x storage periods x pre-germinative treatments) completely randomized, using for each treatment 5 replicates with 30 seeds. The seeds were stored in semipermeable packages in a cold chamber at 5 ± 2 °C, for 14, 45,and 90 days. After each storage period, the seeds were submitted to treatments to overcome dormancy: immersion in water at 80 °C,kept in imbibition for 24 and 48 hand control, without any treatment. The seeds were arranged under moistened substrate in transparent plastic boxes and allocated in a germination chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 8 h for evaluation of germination percentage (G), germination speed index (GSI)and mean germination time (MGT). The red morphotype seeds showed higher germination percentages than the yellow morphotype and did not have a reduction in these values after 90 days of storage. MGT for yellow morphotype was lower in all pre-germinativetreatments. The GSI had better results at 45 days in the control treatments and 24 h in immersion in water and 90 days for the three pre-germinative treatments. The red morphotype does not require pre-germinative treatments, while the yellow morphotype presents better germination when the seeds are stored for 45 days and immersed in water at 80 °C for 48 h.
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Anderson*, Natalie, und David Byrne. „Stratification Methods for Rosa Germination“. HortScience 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 808B—808. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.808b.
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Poor germination in Rosa has been an obstacle to breeding programs for years. Rose breeders generally stratify rose seed under cool, moist conditions for 4-10 weeks by planting directly into the seedling flat/bed or in a small container followed by planting the germinating seed into the seedling flat/bed. This experiment used 9 genotypes and compared these two approaches combined with variations in the stratification media (sand, perlite, sphagnum moss and Sunshine Mix #4). Over all stratification media and genotypes, germination was not influenced by whether the seed was stratified directly in the seedling flat/bed or in a small container. However, the process of transplantation of the delicate germinating seed from the small container to the flat/bed resulted in greater mortality of the germinating seedlings. he stratification media affected the germination of the rose seed. Sunshine Mix #4 gave the best germination as compared to all other media types tested. As expected the germination of the genotypes varied greatly, ranging from 0.7% to 37.1%.
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Northam, Francis E., Robert H. Callihan und Michelle M. Puchalski. „Coleorhizal Hairs in Germinating Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)“. Weed Science 44, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450009487x.
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This study documented an undescribed aspect of medusahead germination behavior. Fibrous hairs were consistently observed growing from the coleorhizal surface of germinating medusahead seeds. Three medusahead accessions were investigated to determine temperature effects on coleorhizal hair growth and germination. Coleorhizal hair emergence at 8 C was first noted at 72 h. By 24 h at 18 C, 15 to 74% of seeds had hairs, and at 28 C, hairs were visible on 75 to 94% of seeds. Germination at 18 and 28 C was 80% at 96 h; germination at 8 C did not exceed 80% until 168 h. Less than 4% of germinated seeds were without coleorhizal hairs. Appearance of coleorhizal hairs confirmed that germinating medusahead embryos were active at least 72 h before germination was complete. These data affirm coleorhizal hairs are a normal part of medusahead germination biology. Coleorhizal hairs probably aid early phases of medusahead seedling establishment.
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Kettner, Keith, und Hector Eduardo Pérez. „Dose–response of germinating Rudbeckia mollis (Asteraceae) seeds exposed to various thermal scenarios“. Seed Science Research 22, Nr. 3 (08.06.2012): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000086.
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AbstractTemperature is a key environmental signal regulating germination. A thorough understanding of how seed populations respond to various temperatures can inform end-users regarding effective establishment strategies and forms the basis for questions related to a taxon's thermo-biology. Although abundant information exists regarding germination responses of economically important crops to several temperature scenarios, much less is known concerning the seed biology of wild germplasm. To address this, we examined the germination response of non-dormant Rudbeckia mollis seeds to various doses of constant or simulated seasonal diel temperatures. Germination response was sigmoidal. Seeds of R. mollis were capable of germinating within a few days to high percentages (>95%) at relatively cool constant (15–25°C) or 12-hour alternating (22/11–33/24°C) temperatures, with optimum temperatures for germination occurring at 25°C or 29/19°C. Germination was inhibited as temperatures increased to 30°C or 33/24°C with early and late germinating phenotypes displaying differential responses at these temperatures. No germination occurred at 35°C. Results are discussed in terms of seedling establishment of R. mollis outside its natural range and implications of climate change on germination.
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Zhang, Heng, Zhao Tang Xu, Yu Liang Han und Zhi Chen. „Effect of Disused Battery on Germination Characteristics of Wheat“. Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (Dezember 2012): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.284.
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The aim was to study the effect of disused battery on wheat germination. The germination characteristics such as germination rate, germinating, germination index, vigor index, and activity changes of amylase and protease were determinated by germination bed method. The results showed that the disused battery affected wheat germination. With the increase of extract concentration of disused battery, the vigor index based on germination rate at 72h dropped, which indicated that the decrement was more pronounced than germination index of that. The change trends of amylase and protease activity were not difference, which the activities were promoted in the range of low concentrations of extract, but it were inhibited in the range of high concentrations.
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Fay, Amy M., Steven M. Still und Mark A. Bennett. „Optimum Germination Temperature of Rudbeckia fulgida“. HortTechnology 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.4.433.
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Germination trials of three seedlots were conducted over a temperature gradient for 14 days to determine the optimal germination temperature for the Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida Ait.). The optimal germination temperature for R. fulgida seeds was 30 ± 1C. All three seedlots began germination (radicle emergence) on the second day at 30.2C. By day four, all seedlots sur-passed 50% germination, with three seedlots germinating 53%, 52%, and 73%. Mean germination percentages were higher between 28.3 and 32.6C than at temperatures above or below this range. Significantly higher germination percentages and enhanced germination rates attained at the elevated temperatures may save time, cut production costs, and decrease exposure to detrimental pre-emergent pathogenic fungi.
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Brito, Leonardo Pereira da Silva, Thatiany Teixeira Bezerra, Elaine Maiara Bonfim Nunes, Márkilla Zunete Beckmann Cavalcante und José Alves Siqueira Filho. „TEMPO DE ARMAZENAMENTO E TEMPERATURA NO COMPORTAMENTO GERMINATIVO DE Schinopsis brasiliensis ENGLER“. Nativa 8, Nr. 4 (03.08.2020): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i4.10292.
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A temperatura atua intimamente sobre a velocidade de absorção de água e igualmente sobre as reações bioquímicas que determinam tanto a velocidade e uniformidade de germinação. Por conseguinte, a viabilidade das sementes após períodos de armazenamento também pode ser um fator limitante no processo germinativo, minimizando o vigor. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar distintos períodos de armazenamento e temperaturas no comportamento germinativo de sementes de Schinopsis brasiliensis. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5x5, referentes a cinco tempos de armazenamento de sementes de S. brasiliensis armazenados em períodos distintos e cinco temperaturas constantes. Foram utilizados lotes de baraúna com período de armazenamento de 0, 12, 60, 72 e 84 meses, com quatro repetições. Calculou-se a percentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, velocidade média de germinação e índice de Timson. Todos os parâmetros germinativos avaliados foram afetados significativamente. A viabilidade de sementes de S. brasiliensis é decrescida consideravelmente a partir de 12 meses de armazenamento. A temperatura e o tempo de armazenamento são fatores que influenciam diretamente o desenvolvimento inicial de sementes de S. brasiliensis. Palavras-chave: Anacardiaceae; germinação; espécies nativas; viabilidade; Caatinga. STORAGE TEMPERATURE TIME IN GERMINAL BEHAVIOR Schinopsis brasiliensis ENGLER ABSTRACT: The temperature acts closely on the speed of water absorption and also on the biochemical reactions that determine both the speed and uniformity of germination. Therefore, the viability of the seeds after storage periods can also be a limiting factor in the germination process, minimizing vigour. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different storage periods and temperatures in the germination behavior of seeds of Schinopsis brasiliensis. The experimental design adopted was entirely randomized, distributed in a 5x5 factorial scheme, referring to five lots of S. brasiliensis seeds stored in different periods and five constant temperatures. Barauna batches with storage periods of 0, 12, 60, 72 and 84 months were used, with four repetitions. The germination percentage, mean germination time, germination speed index and Timson index were calculated. All germination parameters evaluated were significantly affected. The viability of S. brasiliensis seeds is considerably decreased from 12 months of storage. Temperature and storage time are factors that directly influence the initial development of S. brasiliensis seeds. Keywords: Anacardiaceae; germination; native species; viability; Caatinga.
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Kim, Kyoung-Nam. „Comparison of Seed Germinating Vigor, Germination Speed and Germination Peak in Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars under Different Germination Conditions“. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 18, Nr. 3 (30.06.2015): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2015.18.3.23.
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Prentis, Peter J., Noel M. Meyers und Peter B. Mather. „Significance of post-germination buoyancy in Helmholtzia glaberrima and Philydrum lanuginosum (Philydraceae)“. Australian Journal of Botany 54, Nr. 1 (2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04208.
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Post-germination buoyancy has been proposed to reduce seedling establishment in amphibious plants if seeds germinate under flooded conditions. We tested this hypothesis in two amphibious species, Helmholtzia glaberrima (Hook.) and Philydrum lanuginosum (Banks & Sol.). We tested whether seed germination was affected by different levels of inundation, whether seedlings germinating underwater floated and whether seedlings established after prolonged floatation at rates comparable to seedling establishment in waterlogged soil. Germination underwater and in waterlogged soil was similar for both species. Seeds germinating underwater exhibited post-germination buoyancy and established at similar rates to seedlings in waterlogged soil. The results demonstrated that if seeds germinated underwater, post-germination buoyancy conferred the potential to avoid inundation and promote establishment, when waters recede and/or in areas of high soil moisture that are not submerged. More generally, this finding showed that post-germination buoyancy can promote seedling dispersal and the deposition of seedlings in conditions more favourable for establishment if seeds germinate under flooded conditions or in permanent wetlands.
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Basto, Sofía, und Claudia Ramírez. „Effect of light quality on Tabebuia rosea seed germination“. Universitas Scientiarum 20, Nr. 2 (10.10.2014): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc20-2.elqt.
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Tabebuia rosea germination capacity and rate have been examined under light and dark conditions. However, seeds responses to light quality, in particular to short and mid-wavelengths, are not well known. We hypothesized that short wavelengths would have a positive effect on rosea germination. The effects of short, mid and long-wavelengths on germination capacity, rate (germination rate index, germination rate R50, a devised index of germination rate R50´ and peak value), mean daily germination and germination value were evaluated. Light quality had little effect on germination capacity; it was reduced only in darkness. Seeds under short and mid-wavelengths germinated faster (germination rate) than under any other light treatments. We concluded that althoughlt T. rosea seeds respond to all light quality treatments, the short and mid-wavelengths are the cue for increasing germination speed. For synchronizing germination, short and mid-wavelengths transmitted by red cellophane paper can be used as a pre-germinative treatment for restoration and silvicultural purposes.
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Tan, Jia W., Sharon T. Kester, Kai Su, David F. Hildebrand und Robert L. Geneve. „Seed Priming and Pericarp Removal Improve Germination in Low-Germinating Seed Lots of Industrial Hemp“. Crops 2, Nr. 4 (21.10.2022): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2040028.
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Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is experiencing a resurgence in North America as an agricultural commodity. Germplasm improvement for locally adapted and stable cannabinoid production is an industry priority. This study used seed priming and pericarp removal to recover seedlings in low-germinating seed lots that could prove important for plant breeding and germplasm conservation. Both seed priming and pericarp removal improved early seed germination, but pericarp removal was more effective in improving overall final germination percentages. On average, pericarp removal improved final germination in low-germinating seed lots by approximately 38% compared to intact seed germination. In seeds with the pericarp removed, the initial germination substrate had an impact on normal seedling development following transplanting: those germinated for 2 to 3 days on rolled towels produced more normal seedlings compared to those started in Petri dishes. There was a dramatic increase in abnormal seedlings produced in the low-germinating seed lot initially germinated in a Petri dish wetted with 6 mL water where nearly 80% never transitioned to normal actively growing seedlings.
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Pacheco, Mauro Vasconcelos, Vilmar Luciano Mattei, Valderez Pontes Matos und Lucia Helena de Moura Sena. „Germination and vigor of Dimorphandra mollis benth. seeds under different temperatures and substrates“. Revista Árvore 34, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000200002.
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The Dimorphandra mollis Benth. - Caesalpiniaceae is a native forest species coming from the Cerrado and Caatinga due to its economical and ecological use, which justifies the studies on seed germination. In this work, germinative performance of D. mollis seeds were studied in different conditions of temperature regime and substrate. The experimental delineation used was completely randomized in factorial 4 x 4 (4 substrates -sand, coconut fiber, vermiculite and paper towel; and 4 temperatures: 25, 30, 35 and 20-30ºC), with four replications of 25 seeds each. The following parameters were evaluated: seed moisture content, final germination, first germination count, germination speed index, length and dry matter weight. The best germination and vigor is obtained at 30 and 35ºC. The substrates paper towel and vermiculite allow satisfactory germinative performance of seeds, being suitable to evaluate the physiological quality of D. mollis seeds.
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Baird, James H., und Ray Dickens. „Germination and Emergence of Virginia Buttonweed (Diodia virginiana)“. Weed Science 39, Nr. 1 (März 1991): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057830.
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Virginia buttonweed seeds germinated at temperatures between 15 and 40 C, with optimal germination occurring at 25 or 30 C in 12 h light alternated with 15 to 25 or 20 to 30 C in darkness, respectively. Germination rate was lower in continuous darkness than in light. Germination was reduced under simulated water stress conditions with less than 10% of seeds germinating at osmotic potentials below −0.3 MPa. Overall seed germination was reduced under simulated flooding conditions; greater germination occurred in aerated water than in unaerated water. Maximum germination occurred at pH 6. Seedlings emerged from depths as great as 8 cm, with maximum emergence occurring from 2 cm.
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Chiu, S. N., und M. P. Quine. „Central limit theorem for germination-growth models in ℝd with non-Poisson locations“. Advances in Applied Probability 33, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2001): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1011994026.
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Seeds are randomly scattered in ℝd according to an m-dependent point process. Each seed has its own potential germination time. From each seed that succeeds in germinating, a spherical inhibited region grows to prohibit germination of any seed with later potential germination time. We show that under certain conditions on the distribution of the potential germination time, the number of germinated seeds in a large region has an asymptotic normal distribution.
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Chiu, S. N., und M. P. Quine. „Central limit theorem for germination-growth models in ℝd with non-Poisson locations“. Advances in Applied Probability 33, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2001): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800011162.
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Seeds are randomly scattered in ℝ d according to an m-dependent point process. Each seed has its own potential germination time. From each seed that succeeds in germinating, a spherical inhibited region grows to prohibit germination of any seed with later potential germination time. We show that under certain conditions on the distribution of the potential germination time, the number of germinated seeds in a large region has an asymptotic normal distribution.
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Atluri, Swaroopa, Katerina Ragkousi, Donna E. Cortezzo und Peter Setlow. „Cooperativity Between Different Nutrient Receptors in Germination of Spores of Bacillus subtilis and Reduction of This Cooperativity by Alterations in the GerB Receptor“. Journal of Bacteriology 188, Nr. 1 (01.01.2006): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.1.28-36.2006.
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ABSTRACT The GerA nutrient receptor alone triggers germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with l-alanine or l-valine, and these germinations were stimulated by glucose and K+ plus the GerK nutrient receptor. The GerB nutrient receptor alone did not trigger spore germination with any nutrients but required glucose, fructose, and K+ (GFK) (termed cogerminants) plus GerK for triggering of germination with a number of l-amino acids. GerB and GerA also triggered spore germination cooperatively with l-asparagine, fructose, and K+ and either l-alanine or l-valine. Two GerB variants (termed GerB*s) that were previously isolated by their ability to trigger spore germination in response to d-alanine do not respond to d-alanine but respond to the same l-amino acids that stimulate germination via GerB plus GerK and GFK. GerB*s alone triggered spore germination with these l-amino acids, although GerK plus GFK stimulated the rates of these germinations. In contrast to l-alanine germination via GerA, spore germination via l-alanine and GerB or GerB* was not inhibited by d-alanine. These data support the following conclusions. (i) Interaction with GerK, glucose, and K+ somehow stimulates spore germination via GerA. (ii) GerB can bind and respond to l-amino acids, although normally either the binding site is inaccessible or its occupation is not sufficient to trigger spore germination. (iii) Interaction of GerB with GerK and GFK allows GerB to bind or respond to amino acids. (iv) In addition to spore germination due to the interaction between GerA and GerK, and GerB and GerK, GerB can interact with GerA to trigger spore germination in response to appropriate nutrients. (v) The amino acid sequence changes in GerB*s reduce these receptor variants' requirement for GerK and cogerminants in their response to l-amino acids. (vi) GerK binds glucose, GerB interacts with fructose in addition to l-amino acids, and GerA interacts only with l-valine, l-alanine, and its analogs. (vii) The amino acid binding sites in GerA and GerB are different, even though both respond to l-alanine. These new conclusions are integrated into models for the signal transduction pathways that initiate spore germination.
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Matias, Janete Rodrigues, Renata Conduru Ribeiro, Carlos Alberto Aragão, Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo und Bárbara França Dantas. „Physiological changes in osmo and hydroprimed cucumber seeds germinated in biosaline water“. Journal of Seed Science 37, Nr. 1 (10.03.2015): 07–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v37n1135472.
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Biosaline agriculture has been a viable alternative for agricultural production in regions with lack of good quality water. To enable the cultivation of vegetables in high electrical conductivities, seed priming has been used to increase tolerance to stress caused by use of brackish water. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of osmo and hydropriming in cucumber seeds cv. Caipira germinated biosaline in water, regarding germination and biochemical changes during the germinative process. The experimental design was totally randomized, with four replications of 50 seeds or 10 seedlings, in a factorial scheme 6x3; with six priming conditions (control, osmopriming during 24 and 48 hours, hydropriming with 1, 2 and 3 cycles of hydration-dehydration) and three biosaline water (fish farming biosaline wastewater) concentrations in distilled water (0, 50 e 100%). We evaluated the kinetics and percentage of germination; germinative metabolism and activity of antioxidant enzymes. According to the results, one hydropriming cycle is faster and more efficient to improve the performance of cucumber seedling in biosaline water and this can be used in substrate for germinating seeds of cucumber cv. Caipira.
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Benzina, Imene, Farid Bekdouche und Abdelkrim Si Bachir. „Post-fire dynamics of recolonization by Cistus plants in the Aleppo pine and Cork oak forests in Bejaia region, central north Algeria“. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 12, Nr. 2 (01.06.2024): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2024-0011.
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Abstract In August 2021, very intense fires swept through various forested areas in northern Algeria, particularly in Kabylia. The population dynamics of Cistus salviifolius and Cistus monspeliensis were studied along a post-fire successional gradient during the first nine months (September 2021 – May 2022), in two forest communities: the Cork oak (Quercus suber) and the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forests in the coastal zone of Bejaia province. The Cistus spp. germinations were counted monthly in each forest on 10 plots of 1 m2, evenly distributed along 2 transects of 45 m each. The results showed that the majority of germinations occur in December with 207.5 ± 24.2 seedlings in the Cork oak forest and 171.3 ± 18.0 seedlings in the Aleppo pine forest. Student's t-test does not reveal significant differences for December between the two communities. During the first months following the fire (September and October 2021), germinations were almost absent. The monthly rainfall in September 2021 was estimated at 16.25 mm, an insufficient amount for effective germination. Late germination results in an extension of its period, showed a high rate in January 2022 with 42.2 ± 2.1 and 11.5 ± 0.8 seedlings, respectively, in the Cork oak forest and the pine forest. Beyond January, germination was practically nonexistent in both communities. Therefore, the majority of the seed germination was concentrated in November, December, and January with a unimodal germination pattern.
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Bajwa*, Vikramjit S., und Curt Rom. „Effects of Osmotic Agents on Apple Pollen Grain Germination“. HortScience 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 762B—762. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.762b.
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Osmotic agents used to prevent apple pollen grain germination were studied in vitro by applying 10 μL of solutions to germinating apple pollen on germinating and growth media. Seven concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) of the solution were prepared for each chemical and the characteristics of pH, EC, and osmotic potential were measured. Apple pollen was dispersed onto the media in petri dishes. Micro drops of solution were then applied to marked areas. Dishes were then placed in germination cabinets at 25 °C. Cumulative percentage pollen germination was calculated 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after treatment by microscopic observation. Generally, the cumulative percentage pollen germination decreased asymptotically with increasing chemical concentration. The most effective chemicals for restricting pollen germination and growth were CuSO4 (0.25%), CH3 COOH (0.25%), CaCl2 (10%), K2 S2 O5 (0.25%), Methyl Jasmonate (2%). The effect of these chemicals has also been tested on pistil viability both in vitro and on excised limbs.
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Brasileiro, Beatriz Gonçalves, Denise Cunha F. S. Dias, Vicente Wagner Dias Casali, Maria Carmen Bhering und Paulo Roberto Cecon. „Effects of temperature and pre-germinative treatments on seed germination of Talinum triangulare (Jacq. ) willd (Portulacaceae)“. Revista Brasileira de Sementes 32, Nr. 4 (2010): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222010000400017.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, substrate and pre-germinative treatments on T. triangulare seeds. Four temperatures (constant 20, 25, 30 °C and alternate 20-30 °C) and two types of seeding (on paper and between paper), with light, were evaluated. The pre-germinative treatments evaluated included: immersion in water (24 hours), immersion in 6% hypochlorite solution (1 hour), immersion in 0.2% potassium nitrate solution (24 hours), immersion in 0.05% gibberellin solution (24 hours) and the control (untreated seeds). The highest germination percentage was observed at the alternate temperatures of 20-30 ºC, but with no significant difference between the substrates at this temperature. Soaking seeds in KNO3 gave the highest percentage germination and germination speed index (GSI), which differed from the other treatments except for soaking in water. Pre-soaking of T. triangulare seeds favors germination and may be done only in pure water, resulting in a more rapid and uniform germination.
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Bell, David T. „The Process of Germination in Australian Species“. Australian Journal of Botany 47, Nr. 4 (1999): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98007.
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Australian species germinate under the combination of environmental conditions where the potential for survival is enhanced. Most species also have dormancy mechanisms that prevent all seeds from germinating in any particular rainfall event. Immaturity of the embryo prevents some species from germinating until environmental parameters change to more favourable conditions. Seed-coat inhibitors may also delay germination, with some seed requiring ingestion and dispersal by animals or a series of rainfall cycles to facilitate germination. Adaptations to fire include germination mechanisms facilitated by impervious seed coats, seed-coat inhibitors and biochemical sensing of water-soluble components of smoke and the high soil nitrate levels found following the burning of vegetation. Germination is generally limited under saline soil conditions until rainfall dilutes concentrations to near-zero water potentials. Australian species tend to germinate under temperatures that approximate the rainfall season in their native habitat. Light sensing by Australian species ensures germination takes place only near the surface for some species or only under complete burial conditions in others. More recent research has emphasised the interaction of multiple and sequential cues to relieve dormancy and initiate germination. Knowledge of germination mechanisms provides a basis for better land management, enriched conservation, improved rehabilitation and advanced horticulture, forestry and farming practices.
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Zhang, Heng, Guang Chen, Heng Xu, Sasa Jing, Yingying Jiang, Ziwen Liu, Hua Zhang, Fulin Wang, Xiangyang Hu und Ying Zhu. „Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Embryo and Endosperm during Seed Germination“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 10 (13.05.2023): 8710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108710.
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Seed germination is a complex, multistage developmental process that is an important step in plant development. In this study, RNA-Seq was conducted in the embryo and endosperm of unshelled germinating rice seeds. A total of 14,391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the dry seeds and the germinating seeds. Of these DEGs, 7109 were identified in both the embryo and endosperm, 3953 were embryo specific, and 3329 were endosperm specific. The embryo-specific DEGs were enriched in the plant-hormone signal-transduction pathway, while the endosperm-specific DEGs were enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. We categorized these DEGs into early-, intermediate-, and late-stage genes, as well as consistently responsive genes, which can be enriched in various pathways related to seed germination. Transcription-factor (TF) analysis showed that 643 TFs from 48 families were differentially expressed during seed germination. Moreover, 12 unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway genes were induced by seed germination, and the knockout of OsBiP2 resulted in reduced germination rates compared to the wild type. This study enhances our understanding of gene responses in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination and provides insight into the effects of UPR on seed germination in rice.
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Pagliarini, Maximiliano Kawahata, Kamila de Almeida Monaco-Mello, Carla Regina Baptista Gordin und Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza. „Seeds germination of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. stored in different environments and packages“. Research, Society and Development 10, Nr. 3 (14.03.2021): e22010313241. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13241.
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Seed quality is defined by several factors such as genetic, physical, physiological and sanitary attributes. Even with all good factors involved, germinating power loss occurs. However, this loss may be reduced by performing procedures to maintain quality, as storage local and packaging. Thus, the objective of the work was to identify the best environment and packaging for storing niger seeds by analyzing germination and seedling biometry. Samples were separated according to treatments being three types of packaging: paper bag (permeable), plastic bag (semi-permeable) and glass container (impermeable). All packages were storage in two environment: storage shad and cold chamber. For all evaluations sub-samples were removed of each type of pack and environment being at one day after harvest (control), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of storage. The work was conducted at Laboratory of Seed Technology of Grand Dourados Federal University (UFGD). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 6 × 6 (treatments x days of storage), with four replicates of 50 seeds each. Sowing was performed between "germitest" papers and rolls were kept in a germinator at a temperature of 25°C under constant white light, for 10 days. The traits evaluated were: first count of germination, percentage of germination and seedling length. Storage locations and type of packaging interfered significantly to development of niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seed germination. The best results in germination were found in seeds stored in glass container in storage shed and in plastic bag in cold chamber.
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Eremrena, P. O., und S. I. Mensah. „Effect of plant growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds on seed germination of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L)“. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, Nr. 2 (25.07.2016): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.3.
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The seed germination of Capsicum frutescens L. was investigated through various methods, namely, washing and air dry storage treatments, applications of gibberelic acid (GA3), Kinetin, potassium nitrite (KNO2) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) to improve germination of seeds in view of poor germination reported. The seeds were subjected to the following treatments namely washing to remove the slimy coverings; air-drying at various time-intervals; incubated in different concentrations of GA3, Kinetin, KNO2 and KNO3. The treatments were subjected to light or dark germinations at 300C and radicle emergence scored after 15days. The various results showed that washing treatment, and light germination had a significant effect on the germination of Capsicum frutescens seeds. For air-drying treatment, germination increased from 0-48hrs and decreased after 72hrs, 48hrs air-drying duration gave the highest percentage germination. Application of GA3, kinetin, KNO2 and KNO3 in low concentrations promoted the germination of freshly harvested Capsicum frutescens seeds. Generally the KNO2 and KNO3 gave the best germination results. The findings of this study have significant implications in the commercial production of Capsicum frutescens in view of its economic and medicinal importance.Keywords: Growth regulators, Nitrogenous compounds, Capsicum frutescens
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Kumar, Prabal, Kalpana Tyagi, Manish Singh und Devendra Kumar. „Effect of Temperature, Media and Light on Germination of Prinsepia utilis Royle Seeds“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.057.
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Effect of temperature and media was studied on seed germination of Prinsepia utilis Royle (bhekal). Germination tests were conducted at four different temperatures viz. 5±1 o C, 15±1 o C, 25±1 o C and ambient room temperature with three germination media viz. top of germination paper (TP), between of paper (BP) and quartz sterilized sand at 90±5% relative humidity in a seed germinator for 21 days. Media and Temperature significantly affected seed traits. Seeds germinated well over wide range of temperature 15±1 o C, to ambient room. Significantly, higher germination percentage, germination value (GV) and minimum mean germination time (MGT) were obtained at 25±1 o C. lower than 25±1 o C and higher temperature (ambient room temperature) had adverse effect on germination of bhekal seeds. Among media, between paper (BP) was found the best in which maximum germination percentage, minimum MGT and maximum GV was recorded. Sand media was found inferior as compared to between and top of paper. Seed germination was unaffected with light.
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Danion, François, Norman van Rhijn, Alexandre C. Dufour, Rachel Legendre, Odile Sismeiro, Hugo Varet, Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin et al. „Aspergillus fumigatus, One Uninucleate Species with Disparate Offspring“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 1 (06.01.2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010030.
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Establishment of a fungal infection due to Aspergillus fumigatus relies on the efficient germination of the airborne conidia once they penetrate the respiratory tract. However, the features of conidial germination have been poorly explored and understood in this fungal species as well as in other species of filamentous fungi. We show here that the germination of A. fumigatus is asynchronous. If the nutritional environment and extensive gene deletions can modify the germination parameters for A. fumigatus, the asynchrony is maintained in all germinative conditions tested. Even though the causes for this asynchrony of conidial germination remain unknown, asynchrony is essential for the completion of the biological cycle of this filamentous fungus.
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Naylor, R. E. L. „An analysis of the differences in germination of seed lots of perennial ryegrass in response to artificial ageing“. Journal of Agricultural Science 112, Nr. 3 (Juni 1989): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085804.
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SummaryStatistically sound methods for analysing the results of germination tests were used to quantify and assess differences between seed lots of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) subjected to accelerated ageing. Ageing altered not only the proportion of seed not germinating but also the mean germination time and the synchrony of germination. Seed lots differed in these three parameters before and after ageing. The responses to ageing of mean germination time and synchrony were not regular and a simulation of trie possible effects of ageing on germination suggested this irregularity might be due to changes in the proportion of viable seeds and to a non-normal distribution of seed ages.
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Kłosińska, Urszula, Elżbieta U. Kozik, Marcin Nowicki und Todd C. Wehner. „Low temperature seed germination of cucumber: genetic basis of the tolerance trait“. Journal of Horticultural Research 21, Nr. 2 (01.12.2013): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2013-0031.
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ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germinates in an optimal temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C. In order to develop cultivars with low temperature germination ability, knowledge regarding its genetic basis is needed. In our earlier study, we identified the accession PI 390953 as chilling tolerant and a good cold germinator. The objective of our present study was to compare cold germinability of cold tolerant breeding line B 5669 with PI 390953, and to measure the inheritance of this trait. At 13 °C, both tested cultigens (B 5669, PI 390953) showed the highest germinability and we found no significant differences between them regarding the rate of germination, days to germination (DTG), or germination index (GI). We also observed differences in the germination ability at 13 °C among seven hybrid populations of cucumber, derived from the cross between good cold germinator B 5669 (P1) and B 6115 (P2) lacking cold-germination ability. The fastest low temperature germination and the highest low temperature germination percentages were observed in B 5669 (P1) with germination of 78 and 100% on the 6th and 10th day of the test, respectively. In addition, the cultigen B 5669 exhibited the fastest germination, reaching on average of DTG = 5.7. B 6115 (P2) and BC1P2 proved unable to germinate at 13 °C even within 21 days. The seed germinability of F2 population fits a three-recessive gene model. Cucumber cultigens B 5669, PI 390953, and PI 246903 showed low temperature tolerance, but of them B 5669 may become the most desirable to breeders since it exhibits cold germinability combined with good fruit quality traits.
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Xuan, Tran Dang, La Hoang Anh, Truong Ngoc Minh und Tran Dang Khanh. „Factors Promote Germination and Initial Growth of Monochoria vaginalis“. International Letters of Natural Sciences 59 (Oktober 2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.59.48.
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The purpose of study was conducted to examine factors that influence on germination of Monochoria vaginalis, a major and problematic weed in paddy fields. It was found that seed coats of barnyardgrass and Monochoria itself strongly promoted germination of Monochoria seeds. Germinating rice seeds caused germination induction of Monochoria, but dehulled rice and rice hulls did not play a role. In general, rice root exudates from 2 to 22 day after germination did not exert significant influence on germination and initial growth of Monochoria. The increase of rice seeds showed no remarkable impact on germination, root length and shoot length of Monochoria. In conclusion, it is suggested that coats of weed seeds, residues of rice and other plants in paddy fields may play a critical role in promoting germination of Monochoria seeds. Therefore, the incorporation of these residues in paddy fields may provide negative impact to weed control as germination of Monochoria is much accelerated.
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Xuan, Tran Dang, La Hoang Anh, Truong Ngoc Minh und Tran Dang Khanh. „Factors Promote Germination and Initial Growth of <i>Monochoria vaginalis</i>“. International Letters of Natural Sciences 59 (07.10.2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-yi95o4.
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The purpose of study was conducted to examine factors that influence on germination of Monochoria vaginalis, a major and problematic weed in paddy fields. It was found that seed coats of barnyardgrass and Monochoria itself strongly promoted germination of Monochoria seeds. Germinating rice seeds caused germination induction of Monochoria, but dehulled rice and rice hulls did not play a role. In general, rice root exudates from 2 to 22 day after germination did not exert significant influence on germination and initial growth of Monochoria. The increase of rice seeds showed no remarkable impact on germination, root length and shoot length of Monochoria. In conclusion, it is suggested that coats of weed seeds, residues of rice and other plants in paddy fields may play a critical role in promoting germination of Monochoria seeds. Therefore, the incorporation of these residues in paddy fields may provide negative impact to weed control as germination of Monochoria is much accelerated.
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Aissi, Abdeldjalil, Yassine Beghami und Myriam Heuertz. „Le chêne faginé (Quercus faginea, Fagaceae) en Algérie : potentiel germinatif et variabilité morphologique des glands et des semis“. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, Nr. 3 (28.11.2019): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1553.
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The Portuguese Oak in Algeria (Quercus faginea, Fagaceae): germination potential and variability of acorn and seedling morphology
Background and aims – The Portuguese Oak, Quercus faginea Lam. (Fagaceae) forms part of iconic Mediterranean forest communities and is of great ecological and taxonomic value in Algeria. Unfortunately, the species is under threat and its populations remain poorly characterized. The aim of this paper is to study the variability of acorn morphology and germination potential of Q. faginea in Algeria, to examine variability in the growth of seedlings and to evaluate the influence of physical treatments on germination capacity and the subsequent development of seedlings at the intra- and inter-provenance levels.Methods – Mature acorns from four Q. faginea provenances of the species in Algeria were used for this work. In each provenance, ten trees were selected, and 100 acorns collected from each tree. Prior to germination, phenotypic seed traits were measured and a set of physical treatments was performed. The germinated seedlings were transplanted into polyethylene bags and several characteristics of plant growth were measured.Key results – The comparative analysis on acorn morphology and germination features revealed heavier acorns in the Baloul provenance and smaller and lighter leaves in the Chelia provenance, in comparison with other provenances. Germination features and seedling growth showed that the size of the acorns had no influence on seedling development.Conclusions – Our results show a morphological variability of leaves and acorns of the Portuguese Oak at the inter-provenance level. This diversity is probably a consequence of genetic variation and / or variable environmental conditions of the provenances. The study of the germination and seedling development reveals a considerable potential for germination and growth. Given all the factors that threaten the persistence of Portuguese Oak in Algeria, we recommend conservation action for the species through reforestation, ex situ plantations and protective fences to avoid genuine and irreversible population regression, which would most likely lead to its disappearance.
Contexte et buts visés – Le chêne faginé, Quercus faginea Lam. (Fagaceae), représente un intérêt patrimonial, écologique et taxonomique remarquable en Algérie, mais malheureusement l’espèce est menacée et peu étudiée. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la variabilité morphologique et le potentiel germinatif des glands de Q. faginea en Algérie, d’examiner la variabilité de la croissance des semis et d’évaluer l’influence des traitements physiques sur le potentiel germinatif et le développement ultérieur des semis, tant au niveau intra- qu’inter-stationnel.Méthodes – Des glands mûrs de chêne faginé récoltés sur quatre stations de l’espèce en Algérie ont été utilisés. Sur chaque station, dix arbres ont été sélectionnés, représentés par 100 glands chacun. Une analyse de traits phénotypiques a été réalisée sur les glands ; ensuite un ensemble de traitements physiques ont été effectués afin de tester leur effet sur la germination. Les semis issus de la germination ont été transplantés dans des sachets en polyéthylène et plusieurs caractères de croissance ont été mesurés. Résultats-clés – L’étude comparative morphologique et germinative révèle des glands plus longs et plus lourds à la station de Baloul, et des feuilles plus petites et plus légères à la station de Chélia, en comparaison avec les autres stations. Un effet significatif des traitements sur la germination a été montré dans toutes les stations. La taille des glands n’a aucune influence sur le développement des jeunes semis.Conclusions – Nos résultats montrent une variabilité morphologique inter-stationnelle des feuilles et des glands du chêne faginé. Cette diversité est probablement la conséquence de variations génétiques et/ou des conditions environnementales des stations. L’étude de la germination et de l’évolution de plants révèle un potentiel germinatif et de croissance considérables. Compte tenu de l’ensemble des facteurs qui menacent la pérennité du chêne faginé en Algérie, nous recommandons des actions pour la conservation de l’espèce telles que des reboisements, des plantations ex situ et des clôtures de protection pour éviter une régression réelle et irréversible des peuplements qui conduirait très probablement à sa disparition.
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Salim, Mohammad. „Physiological and Biochemical Alterations during the Germination of Aspergillus Niger Conidia“. African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 7, Nr. 2 (22.04.2024): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-jg57c2by.
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The provided analytical data pertains to the germination of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem spores, focusing on various components measured by dry weight. These components include sugars, organic acids, amino acids, proteins, and lipids. Additionally, indicators of spore activity, such as respiration and permeability changes, were assessed. It is noteworthy that A. niger spores do not initiate germination utilizing their internal reserves. The introduction of glucose triggers heightened oxygen consumption and an increase in the overall concentration of organic acids. The initial 3-hour germination period is characterized by an augmentation in protein synthesis, along with a reduction in free amino acid concentration, which suggests the synthesis of proteins to facilitate germination. Furthermore, changes in permeability are observed to influence the release of various substances from the germinating spores. Significant alterations occur in the concentration of free sterols and the sterol-to-lipid ratio in germinating A. niger spores. During the early stages of germination, there is extensive degradation of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and their lyso-derivatives. However, these phospholipids are subsequently resynthesized in the later stages of germination. Regarding nonpolar lipids in A. niger spores, they consist primarily of hydrocarbons, triglycerides, fatty acids, sterol esters, and free sterols. Notably, the content of free sterols increases while the content of hydrocarbons decreases during the germination process in A. niger spores.