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1
Yoo, Chungsik. „Geosynthetic Solutions for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Development“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 22 (09.11.2023): 15772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215772.
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Geosynthetic engineering has made significant advances during the past decade in the areas of manufacturing and practical applications. As a result, geosynthetics have become essential materials that facilitate construction, better improve short- and long-term performance, and reduce long-term maintenance costs in routine civil engineering projects. Geosynthetics are also being recognized as fundamental to sustainable infrastructure development as they reduce the carbon footprint generated by infrastructure development by minimizing the use of natural construction materials. Creative use of geosynthetics in geo-engineering practices is expected to continue to expand as innovative materials and products are becoming available. In this paper, we begin by discussing issues related to climate change. The sustainable benefits of geosynthetics are then presented by demonstrating the potential of geosynthetics to significantly reduce carbon footprints compared to traditional solutions. Finally, recent geosynthetic technologies have been introduced for use in transportation infrastructure. The pathway forward of the geosynthetic technology is also discussed from the view of sustainable infrastructure development.
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Wathugala, G. Wije, Baoshan Huang und Surajit Pal. „Numerical Simulation of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Flexible Pavements“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400109.
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In traditional analyses of flexible pavements the linear elastic material behavior is assumed for pavement materials. However, pavement materials do not behave as linear elastic materials. They can be better modeled by using elasto-plastic constitutive relationships. The consequences of the assumption of linear elasticity in the prediction of the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavements are presented. The effect of the stiffness of geosynthetic reinforcements on pavement behavior is also studied. The behavior of a geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavement is analyzed by the finite-element method with different constitutive models. The results of six analyses where E is Young's modulus [Case 1, linear elastic models with geosynthetics (Case 1a, E = 1 GPa; Case 1b, E = 100 GPa); Case 2, linear elastic models without geosynthetics; Case 3, elasto-plastic models with geosynthetics (Case 3a, E = 1 GPa; Case 3b, E = 100 GPa); and Case 4, elasto-plastic models without geosynthetics on the same pavement under the same load cycle] are presented and compared. Key observations and conclusions are as follows. The linear elastic analyses predicted tensile stresses in the crushed limestone layer although in reality this material cannot withstand tensile stresses. The vertical stresses directly under the load for all of the analyses were very close and were little smaller than those predicted by Boussinesq's equations. The linear elastic analyses showed only a small reduction in settlements when geosynthetics were added. In contrast, elasto-plastic analyses showed a large reduction in settlements, especially with stiffer geosynthetics. Previously published field data indicate an improvement in the pavement performance when geosynthetic reinforcements are introduced.
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Zieliński, P. „Investigations of Fatigue of Asphalt Layers with Geosynthetics“. Archives of Civil Engineering 59, Nr. 2 (01.06.2013): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2013-0013.
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Abstract This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete beams with geosynthetics interlayer. The subject of the research is an evaluation of influence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous samples on their fatigue life. The results of the tests evidences that when geosynthetics are used, the fatigue life depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetics, and the type and the amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking. The amount of bitumen used to saturate and fix the geosynthetic significantly changes the samples fatigue properties. Essential positive correlation between fatigue and parameters of interlayer bonding (shear strength, shear stiffness) occurs in both testing temperatures.
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Ingle, Ganesh, und S. S. Bhosale. „Geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement: review of laboratory model studies“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, Nr. 4 (21.09.2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i4.8158.
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Number of laboratory studies; have shown that geosynthetics reinforcement improves the performance of flexible pavement either by ex-tending the service life or by savings in base course thickness. In spite of the good laboratory evidence for the geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement, the mechanism that enables and governs the reinforcement function is still unclear [1]. Cyclic laboratory test has been one of the ways, used for assessing/evaluating the soil-geosynthetic interaction mechanisms. In such a tests contribution of geosynthetics prop-erties, interface shear provided by geotextiles and interlocking provided by geogrids when used under or within the base course of flexible pavement are mainly concentrated. This paper reviews literature of laboratory model studies carried out by various researchers over the globe. This review indicates that, appreciable improvement due to geosynthetics reinforcement depends upon various factors viz. location of geosynthetics, geogrid aperture size, geosynthetics properties, mainly stiffness, variation of base course thickness and strength of subgrade soil. The findings of these laboratory studies are also correlated with the same nature of field studies finding.
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Damians, Ivan P., Pietro Rimoldi, Yoshihisa Miyata, Oliver Detert, Stefan Uelzmann, Michael Hoelzel, Andreas Kirchner et al. „Summary of the Soil Reinforcement Technical Committee Special Session (IGS TC-R)“. E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336803010.
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This document provides a summary of the different topics presented at the Special Session organized by the International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) Technical Committee on Soil Reinforcement (TC-R). This Special Session brings together very interesting studies regarding soil reinforcement in the field of geosynthetics. Studies presented include topics both from theoretical and practical points of view of reinforcement geosynthetics including general products and applications, cases studies on road embankments under challenging site boundary conditions, research on deterministic and probabilistic design of reinforced fills over voids, numerical analysis of reinforced soil wall structures, encased granular column technique, and geosynthetic-reinforced bridge abutment behavior.
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Zornberg, Jorge G., und S. Subramanian. „Advances in the Use of Geosynthetics for Stabilization of Unbound Aggregate Layers“. E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336801003.
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The governing mechanism associated with the stabilization of unbound aggregate layers in pavements is lateral restraint. Reproducing this mechanism in the laboratory maybe challenging because, while the original loading source is cyclic (traffic), lateral restraint develops through interlocking and interfacial friction between the geosynthetic and the aggregate to restrain the development of permanent lateral strains. Considering the relevance of lateral restraint in the quantification of the benefits of geosynthetics embedded within (or adjacent to) unbound aggregate layers, this study focuses on two experimental approaches to quantify this mechanism. The first experimental approach aims at defining a design parameter, identified as the Stiffness of the Soil-geosynthetic Composite (KSGC), which is obtained from Soil-Geosynthetic interaction (SGI) tests and is practical for use in specifications and design. The second experimental approach that quantifies the lateral restraint mechanism involves one-third scale accelerated pavement tests (APTs), which were performed on pavement test sections stabilized with various geosynthetics, diverse in terms of geometry and materials. The rutting from these sections was compared to that in the non-stabilized (control) section to evaluate the Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR) at failure rut depth for each geosynthetic. The TBR obtained showed a strong linear correlation to the KSGC of the corresponding geosynthetic determined by SGI tests. Overall, the KSGC parameter was found to represent a suitable indicator of the performance of pavements with unbound aggregate layers stabilized using geosynthetics.
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Adolphe, Kempena, Mbilou Urbain Gampio, Mouanda Makanda Emilienne Greve, Rafael Guardado Lacaba, Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves und Boudzoumou Florent. „Modeling of the Direct Shear Test from the Finish Elements Method“. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, Nr. 6 (31.10.2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2021.6.6.2541.
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Soil improvement using the geosynthetic technique is usually used for fine and friable soils. This technique provides a reinforced soil with high shear strength. The interest is certainly well displayed. Indeed, this work aims to numerically assess the geosynthetics placement influence on the fine sand properties. For this purpose, a reduced model has been designed to initially allow simulating the geosynthetic layer incorporation into an unsaturated soil while maintaining vertical stress and measuring the lateral stress generated during this incorporation. The scale model makes it possible to assess the possible displacements experienced by the soil during the direct shear test. Numerical modeling then made it possible to confirm the experimental results and verify these displacements behavior. Numerical modeling was carried out by applying the finite element method considering a behavioral law of the Mohr-Coulomb type for soil and geosynthetics. The results obtained by numerical modeling confirmed the direct shear test functionality in the laboratory. This opens the door to further studies about the geosynthetics effect in the soil.
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Adolphe, Kempena, Mbilou Urbain Gampio, Mouanda Makanda Emilienne Greve, Rafael Guardado Lacaba, Antonio Olimpio Gonçalves und Boudzoumou Florent. „Modeling of the Direct Shear Test from the Finish Elements Method“. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, Nr. 6 (31.10.2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.6.2541.
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Soil improvement using the geosynthetic technique is usually used for fine and friable soils. This technique provides a reinforced soil with high shear strength. The interest is certainly well displayed. Indeed, this work aims to numerically assess the geosynthetics placement influence on the fine sand properties. For this purpose, a reduced model has been designed to initially allow simulating the geosynthetic layer incorporation into an unsaturated soil while maintaining vertical stress and measuring the lateral stress generated during this incorporation. The scale model makes it possible to assess the possible displacements experienced by the soil during the direct shear test. Numerical modeling then made it possible to confirm the experimental results and verify these displacements behavior. Numerical modeling was carried out by applying the finite element method considering a behavioral law of the Mohr-Coulomb type for soil and geosynthetics. The results obtained by numerical modeling confirmed the direct shear test functionality in the laboratory. This opens the door to further studies about the geosynthetics effect in the soil.
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Palmeira, Ennio M. „Sustainability and Innovation in Geotechnics: Contributions from Geosynthetics“. Soils and Rocks 39, Nr. 2 (01.05.2016): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.392113.
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Geosynthetic are construction materials with several applications in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. They are usually capable of providing more practical and economical solutions than traditional construction materials. The extensive use of the latter for centuries has reduced the availability or increased the cost of such materials for constructions and developments in many regions. In addition, restrictive environmental regulations have limited or prohibited the exploitation and use of some traditional construction materials. In such situations geosynthetics can provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for geotechnical problems. Their use can be even more beneficial to the environment when associated with or to enable the use of alternative or waste materials in engineering works. Among such possibilities there are the uses of wasted tires, plastics and recycled construction and demolition residues with geosynthetics. This paper presents and discusses the use of geosynthetics associated with non-conventional construction materials in different geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Advantages and limitations of such combinations are discussed. The development and application of alternative low-cost geosynthetic products are also addressed.
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Gaikwad, Samuel. „Comparison and Suitability Analysis of Geosynthetics in Road Construction“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 8 (31.08.2021): 3074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37889.
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Abstract: Geosynthetics are with success used for many years within the construction of roads. They fulfill most classical perform like separation, protection, filtration, Drainage, sealing, and reinforcement. In recent time the scope of application has been extended considerably by the development of road pavement. Field evidences indicate that geosynthetic reinforcements will improve pavement performance by avoiding cracking, rutting, and patholes & by reducing deflection of paved surface. The rise in urbanization crystal rectifier to the inadequacy of the land for building, because of that land with high water content and low bearing capability had to be used. within the past history numerous|many alternative} strategies are projected thus on improve the unfavorable conditions prevailing in various locations like the locations with low bearing capability soil, water work conditions, land movements, etc. the appliance of geosynthetics has proved to be the foremost promising answer of all the alternatives. numerous forms of geosynthetics are wont to fulfill numerous functions like filtration, separation, drainage, reinforcement, mitigation of reflective cracks, by the utilization of one or combination of 2 or additional geosynthetics. This use of geosynthetics has conjointly contributed towards the goal of being one among the foremost economical and much applicable alternatives. This paper conjointly studies the characteristics and therefore the basic data of geosynthetics usually just in case of pavement like geotextile, geogrid, geonets, geomembrane, GCL Associate in Nursingd geo- composite having an unequivocal perform. It includes the comparison of the pavement made with the assistance of geosynthetics and therefore the standard pavements against numerous parameters like bearing capability, wetness content, economy, maintenance needed and therefore the life amount of the pavement. the utilization of geosynthetics is increasing at a awfully fast rate and is being accepted worldwide and therefore there rises the need for elaborate study. Keywords: Geosynthetics, Road Pavement, Water Work, Geomembrane.
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Wang, Zhongmei, Zhiqiang Lai, Lianjun Zhao, Kangwei Lai und Li Pan. „Mesoscopic Failure Behavior of Strip Footing on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Granular Soil Foundations Using PIV Technology“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 24 (11.12.2022): 16583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416583.
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Two-dimensional model tests combined with PIV technology were conducted to study the failure behavior of strip footing on geosynthetic-reinforced granular soil foundations on a mesoscale. The results showed that geosynthetic reinforcements improve the bearing capacity of granular soil foundations; however, the effectiveness of the reinforcement was affected by the position, length, and number of geosynthetics. The mesoscale factor affecting the reinforcement effectiveness was the size of the sliding wedge in the foundation, which was changed by the embedded geosynthetics. As the depth, length, number, and vertical spacing of the reinforcements varied, three possible failure modes occurred in the reinforced foundations: failure above the top reinforcement layer, failure between reinforcement layers, and failure similar to footings on the unreinforced foundation.
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Perżyło, Dagmara, Katarzyna Szafulera, Marek Kruczkowski und Michał Pilch. „The Use of Geomaterials to Restore the Utility Value of Post-Mining Areas“. Energies 15, Nr. 4 (16.02.2022): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041447.
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Post-mining deformations that occur on the surface pose a significant threat to natural environments and urbanized areas. Preventing the effects of deformation is a significant challenge for specialists in geotechnical and civil engineering. Geomaterials, such as geosynthetics or geopolymers, could minimize the damage that occurs. The first section of the article explores the securing of an area, strengthening the rock mass with geosynthetic materials. We provide descriptions of the properties of these materials and the method surrounding their introduction into the soil. The second section presents the research problem, i.e., we describe the damage caused by underground mining. In the last section, we propose a solution for securing the ground with the use of geogrids and geopolymer injections into the rock mass. The analyses led us to conclude that an area subjected to mining influences may be strengthened by the use of geosynthetic materials. The use of geosynthetics in a mining area is a well-known topic, but the additional use of geopolymers may be innovative. Research is still being conducted on the use of geopolymers to fill post-mining voids, in combination with geosynthetics.
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Kim, Yoo-Jae, Ashley Russell Kotwal, Bum-Yean Cho, James Wilde und Byung Hee You. „Geosynthetic Reinforced Steep Slopes: Current Technology in the United States“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 10 (16.05.2019): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102008.
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Geosynthetics is a crucial mechanism in which the earth structures can be mechanically stabilized through strength enforcing tensile reinforcement. Moreover, geosynthetic reinforcement stabilizes steep slopes through incorporating the polymeric materials, becoming one of the most cost-effective methods in not only accommodating budgetary restrictions but also alleviating space constraints. In order to explicate on the applicability and widen the understanding of geosynthetic reinforcement technology, a synthesis study was conducted on geosynthetic reinforced steep slope. This study is very important because in not only highlighting the advantages and limitations of using geosynthetic reinforcement but also in investigating the current construction and design methods with a view to determining which best practices can be employed. Furthermore, this study also identified and assessed the optimal condition of the soil, performance measures, construction specifications, design criteria, and geometry of the slope. To further concretize the understanding of these parameters or factors, two case studies were reviewed and a summary of the best practices, existing methods, and recommendations were drawn in order to inform the employment of geosynthetics in reinforcing steep slopes.
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Abu-Farsakh, Murad, Mehdi Zadehmohamad und George Z. Voyiadjis. „Incorporating the Benefits of Geosynthetic into MEPDG“. Infrastructures 8, Nr. 2 (16.02.2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8020035.
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One of the most effective ways to increase the longevity of pavement structures is through the integration of geosynthetic reinforcement. Geosynthetics are synthetic materials such as geotextiles, geogrids, or geocomposites that are added to the interface between the subgrade and the base layer of a pavement structure. To evaluate the effect of various parameters on the structural benefits of geosynthetic reinforcement on the pavement structure of low-volume traffic flexible pavements, a finite element (FE) study was performed using the ABAQUS program. These parameters included the geosynthetic type, geosynthetic tensile stiffness, subgrade stiffness, and base thickness. The FE rutting curves for the 100 cycles were calibrated using the mechanistic–empirical (M-E) transfer functions, which were then used to calculate the long-term rutting curves. The traffic benefit ratio (TBR) was initially calculated based on the calibrated rutting curves for each pavement layer. The calculated TBRs were then used as an input in AASHTOWare to compute the base effective resilient modulus (MR-eff) and the factor of base course reduction (BCR). The results showed that adding one layer of geosynthetics enhanced the rutting performance of pavement structures significantly (up to 8.9 in TBR, 322% in MR-eff, and 64% in BCR). Geogrids showed higher benefits than geotextiles due to the interlocking between base aggregates and geogrid aperture. The values of TBR, MR-eff, and BCR increase with the increasing tensile stiffness of the geosynthetics and the rutting target and with the decreasing subgrade stiffness. The results also demonstrated peak values of TBR, MR-eff, and BCR for a base thickness of 25.4 cm.
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Ponomarev, Andrey Budimirovich, und Tatiana Viktorovna Ivanova. „Reinforcing earth foundations with geosynthetic materials“. E3S Web of Conferences 457 (2023): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345702037.
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The article gives key terms and definitions of geosynthetic materials currently used in construction, namely for reinforcement of earth foundations. Primary functions and types of geosynthetic materials are shown. Most part of the article is dedicated to the results obtained by various researchers. Reinforcement by geosynthetic materials is described for sandy and loamy soils, soil bedding, fiber soil, karsted soil, and using geosynthetics in mollisols.
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Perkins, Steven W., und Joseph A. Lapeyre. „Instrumentation of a Geosynthetic-Reinforced Flexible Pavement System“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1596, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1596-05.
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Geosynthetics have been proposed and used to reinforce base course layers in flexible pavement sections to reduce base course thickness, or life-cycle costs, or both. Studies show conflicting results regarding the level to which geosynthetics can improve the performance of flexible pavements. To examine the reinforcement role of geosynthetics, a program of study has been initiated to define the mechanisms of base course reinforcement, to define and quantify the effect of site-specific parameters on the level of improvement observed, and to devise a design tool that can be readily applied in practice. This program will eventually involve the instrumentation of a full-scale pavement subjected to moving traffic loads, the success of which is essential to meeting the three objectives. As a first examination of the performance of proposed instruments, a pilot test section was constructed and monitored for approximately 3 months. The test section was chosen and constructed not necessarily to establish geosynthetic performance but rather to evaluate instrument installation techniques and subsequent instrument performance. Instruments designed to measure strain in the geosynthetics, base course, and asphalt concrete were included.
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Abedi, Mohammadmahdi, Raul Fangueiro, António Gomes Correia und Javad Shayanfar. „Smart Geosynthetics and Prospects for Civil Infrastructure Monitoring: A Comprehensive and Critical Review“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 12 (08.06.2023): 9258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129258.
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Civil infrastructure monitoring with the aim of early damage detection and acquiring the data required for urban management not only prevents sudden infrastructure collapse and increases service life and sustainability but also facilitates the management of smart cities including smart transportation sectors. In this context, smart geosynthetics can act as vital arteries for extracting and transmitting information about the states of the strain, stress, damage, deformation, and temperature of the systems into which they are incorporated in addition to their traditional infrastructural roles. This paper reviews the wide range of technologies, manufacturing techniques and processes, materials, and methods that have been used to date to develop smart geosynthetics to provide rational arguments on the current trends and utilise the operational trends as a guide for predicting what can be focused on in future researches. The various multifunctional geosynthetic applications and future challenges, as well as operational solutions, are also discussed and propounded to pave the way for developing applicable smart geosynthetics. This critical review will provide insight into the development of new smart geosynthetics with the contribution to civil engineering and construction industries.
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Mallick, S. B., H. Zhai, S. Adanur und D. J. Elton. „Pullout and Direct Shear Testing of Geosynthetic Reinforcement: State-of-the-Art Report“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400112.
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The frictional characteristics of a soil-geosynthetic interface can be determined by direct shear and pullout tests. The direct shear test is commonly conducted according to ASTM standard D5321. However, at present there is no ASTM method for pullout testing of geosynthetics. During the past 10 years different researchers have obtained a wealth of information from direct shear and pullout tests of geosynthetics. A critical analysis of direct shear and pullout tests and an evaluation of the effects of fundamental material and testing parameters on test results are presented.
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Wang, Danrong, Sheng-Lin Wang, Susan Tighe, Sam Bhat und Shunde Yin. „Construction of Geosynthetic–Reinforced Pavements and Evaluation of Their Impacts“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 18 (15.09.2023): 10327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810327.
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Geosynthetic materials (i.e., geogrids, geotextiles and other geocomposites) act as an interlayer system and are widely used in construction applications. In pavement structures, geosynthetic layers provide potential benefits such as reinforcement, reflective cracking mitigation, increased fatigue life, and improved drainage and filtering. However, few studies have addressed the installation and construction practices of geosynthetics in pavements. Furthermore, the study of geosynthetics and their contribution during construction are limited. In this paper, a full-scale field study was conducted and three trial sections were constructed; two types of geosynthetics, a fibreglass geogrid and a geogrid composite, were installed in the asphalt binder course and at the interface between the subgrade and base layer, respectively, to be compared with a control section without geosynthetic reinforcement. Trial sections were instrumented to monitor the pressure applied on the subgrade, the strain in the base lift of the asphalt binder course, the temperature, and the moisture within the pavement structure during construction. In addition, post-construction field testing was performed to measure the stiffness of the pavements after construction. The results indicated that geosynthetic-reinforced pavements can maintain pavement resilience during construction and significantly mitigate the disturbances caused by construction activities. The geogrid embedded in the asphalt layer was demonstrated to reduce the pressure at the subgrade caused by paving equipment by 70% compared with the control section, while simultaneously reducing the longitudinal and transverse strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer by 54% and 99%. Observations from the geogrid composite test section also demonstrate the potential to minimize the impacts of future freeze–thaw at the subgrade due to the improved drainage and indirect insulation effect.
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Dąbrowska, Jolanta, Agnieszka Kiersnowska, Zofia Zięba und Yuliia Trach. „Sustainability of Geosynthetics-Based Solutions“. Environments 10, Nr. 4 (10.04.2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10040064.
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Sustainability emphasises the importance of increasing the resource efficiency of infrastructure. The usage of geosynthetic materials in civil and environmental engineering can significantly influence sustainability at the planning and design stages of infrastructure construction projects. They are used in many different applications in construction and environmental engineering, as they provide a better and longer performance and less costly solutions than traditional materials (such as sand, gravel, concrete and cement). Additional benefits can be achieved by combining geosynthetics with various recycled materials as substitutes for high-quality natural materials. In this paper, the importance of sustainability in geosynthetics-based solutions is discussed. The possibilities of using geosynthetics in sustainable development have been analysed and the benefits resulting from their application, such as the reduction in carbon footprint and release of greenhouse gases and saving water and other natural resources, have been assessed. Innovative solutions that support mitigation measures, adaptation to climate change and achievement of sustainable development goals have been presented.
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Kim, Woon-Hyung, Tuncer B. Edil, Craig H. Benson und Burak F. Tanyu. „Structural Contribution of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Working Platforms in Flexible Pavement“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600106.
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A study was conducted in the field and with a large-scale model experiment (LSME) to evaluate the structural contribution of a 0.30-m-thick geosynthetic-reinforced granular layer used as a working platform for construction over soft subgrade. The study was conducted in the context of the 1993 AASHTO design guideline, in which the structural number (SN) of the pavement is based on layer coefficients (each defined using a resilient modulus). Working platforms reinforced with geosynthetics had smaller elastic deflections and larger elastic moduli than unreinforced working platforms with the same thickness. Reinforcement factors obtained in the field ranged from 1.2 to 1.8; those obtained in the laboratory ranged from 1.7 to 2.0, with greater reinforcement factors for the less extensible geosynthetics (geogrid, woven geotextile) for a 0.3-m-thick granular working platform. Of the four geosynthetics tested, the geogrid resulted in the greatest increase in modulus. Reinforcing the working platforms with geosynthetics resulted in increases in layer coefficients ranging from 50% to 70%. Similarly, increases in SN for a typical pavement structure were realized, ranging from 3% to 11% when all other factors were equal.
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Fei, Kang. „A Simplified Method for Analysis of Geosynthetic Reinforcement Used in Pile Supported Embankments“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/273253.
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The inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement in the piled embankment can help transfer loads to the piles and reduce total and differential settlements. In order to select the appropriate reinforcement material, the reasonable calculation of the deflection and tension is very important. Current design methods usually do not represent the true three-dimensional (3D) nature of the displacements, strains, and stresses of the geosynthetics, and the resulting error may be large and cannot be neglected in some cases. In this study, two- and three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to identify the behavior of geosynthetic reinforcement and investigate the accuracy of the assumptions made in the current design methods. Based on the numerical results, a new 3D deflected shape of the geosynthetic reinforcement was suggested, and then the corresponding governing equation was derived and solved based on the membrane theory. To investigate the validity of the proposed method, the predicted maximum deflection, deflection shape, and the developed tensile force of the geosynthetics have been compared with the experimental data collected from the literatures and finite element analysis results.
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Blond, Eric. „Durability of geomembranes in water transport applications“. E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336803001.
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A question frequently asked by engineers exposed for the first time to geosynthetics is: “how long do they last”. In this presentation, the author gives an overview of the service life of geosynthetics. Service life is analysed versus the design life and the carbon footprint associated to the construction of a structure. Factors affecting the performance of a geosynthetic used for sealing a canal are presented. A distinction is made between failures occurring because the product did not survive its installation, i.e., survivability-related; failures caused by an inadequate design of the product or the structure considering its environment of service, i.e., performance-related; or premature loss of function despite both installation and design were adequate, due to the inadequate choice or inadequate formulation of the material, i.e., durability-related. The various materials commonly used to waterproof a structure are reviewed, and it is shown that geomembranes are indeed the material of choice for waterproofing a geotechnical structure, such as a canal. Methods available to assess the service life which can be reasonably expected from various geosynthetics for a waterproofing function, such as in a canal or a dam. Field experiences are described, where some geosynthetics are still performing well after more than 60 years. Well-accepted predictive methods show that geosynthetics can last well-over a century in water-transport or water storage applications, especially when covered by soil or concrete to avoid UV exposure, to control their temperature, and to avoid accidental damage.
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Heerten, G. „Deformation of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Structures by Design, in the Lab and in the Field“. Archives of Civil Engineering 57, Nr. 2 (01.06.2011): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v.10169-011-0012-6.
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Abstract Green-geo-engineering with geosynthetic reinforced soil structures is of increasing practice around the world. Poland is among the leading countries with the third biggest geogrid market in Europe. The German EBGEO 2010 Guideline for Soil Reinforcement with Geosynthetics as first European Guideline for Geosynthetics linked to the Eurocode 7, and the new design code for Japanese railway structures under seismic loading are introduced. New research results from the Geotechnical Institute of the RWTH Aachen, Germany, dealing with the soil/reinforcement interaction and new approaches for design codes for the reinforcement of base courses in traffic areas based on lab and field tests in the USA are presented.
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Mirzapour Mounes, Sina, Mohamed Rehan Karim, Ali Khodaii und Mohammad Hadi Almasi. „Improving Rutting Resistance of Pavement Structures Using Geosynthetics: An Overview“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/764218.
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A pavement structure consists of several layers for the primary purpose of transmitting and distributing traffic loads to the subgrade. Rutting is one form of pavement distresses that may influence the performance of road pavements. Geosynthetics is one type of synthetic materials utilized for improving the performance of pavements against rutting. Various studies have been conducted on using different geosynthetic materials in pavement structures by different researchers. One of the practices is a reinforcing material in asphalt pavements. This paper intends to present and discuss the discoveries from some of the studies on utilizing geosynthetics in flexible pavements as reinforcement against permanent deformation (rutting).
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Petriaev, A. V., und V. N. Paramonov. „Deformation model of a ballast prism, stabilized by geosynthetics, under heavy axial load“. E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454903028.
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The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model describing the deformation process of crushed stone ballast stabilized by geosynthetics. To achieve this goal, an elastic-viscoplastic soil model with a layers of geosynthetics has been adapted and certified. As a result of numerical modeling using FEM, the main mechanism for reducing the magnitude of plastic deformations of railway ballast during its stabilization by geosynthetic materials has been revealed. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology that makes it possible to reasonably assign measures to increase the load-bearing capacity and reduce the deformability of the substructure railway track.
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Zielinski, P. „Investigations of Geosynthetic Interlayer Bonding in Asphalt Layers / Badania Połaczen Miedzywarstwowych W Warstwach Asfaltowych Z Geosyntetykiem“. Archives of Civil Engineering 57, Nr. 4 (01.12.2011): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v.10169-011-0029-x.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete specimens with geosynthetic interlayer. The subject of this research is evaluation of influence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous pavements on interlayer bonding of specimens. The results of the tests proves that when geosynthetic is used, the bonding of interlayer depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetic, and the type and amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking of geosynthetic. The amount of bitumen used in order to saturate and fix the geosynthetic significantly changes the interlayer bonding of specimens.
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Mangraviti, V., L. Flessati und C. di Prisco. „A rheological model for georeinforced embankments based on piled foundations“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, Nr. 1 (01.10.2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012014.
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Abstract Concrete columns are commonly used methods to improve the performances of embankments on soft soil strata. To further reduce settlements and stresses on the soft foundation soil, geosynthetic reinforcements are often installed at the base of embankments. Existing design methods for these “geostructures” commonly does not take into consideration both the effect of the embankment construction process and the stiffness of the system components (embankment, soft soil, column and geosynthetics) as design parameters. As a consequence, these approaches do not allow the estimation of the settlements at the top of the embankment. In this paper a new rheological model capable of assessing both tensile forces in the geosynthetic and settlements at the embankment top induced by the construction process is presented. In this model, the variables defining the system performance (tensile forces in geosynthetics, stresses acting on piles and settlements) are explicitly related to the embankment height, interpreted as a generalized loading variable. The model has been validated on the results of 3D numerical analyses.
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Roodi, Gholam H., Amr M. Morsy und Jorge G. Zornberg. „Soil–Geosynthetic Interface Shear in Different Testing Scales“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 52 (04.05.2018): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758631.
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Geosynthetics have been used to improve mechanical performance of roadway layers (e.g., geosynthetic-reinforced asphalt, geosynthetic-stabilized bases) and a wide range of transportation infrastructures (e.g., geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls). A key aspect in understanding soil–geosynthetic interaction mechanisms involved in each application includes characterization of the interface between geosynthetics and adjacent materials. This study evaluates soil–geosynthetic interface shear in various pullout test scales including standard, smaller than standard, and larger than standard scales. Experimental results obtained from tests conducted in each scale were analyzed to determine the soil–geosynthetic interface shear model. An iteration procedure, similar to that used in t–z analysis of pile loading, was developed to simulate incremental geosynthetic movements. Shape and parameters of the interface shear model were changed to minimize the residual error between experimental and simulated data. It was found that mobilization of the interface shear in the small-scale test differs from that in the standard- and large-scale tests. In the standard- and large-scale tests, the ultimate soil–geosynthetic interface shear mobilized at comparatively small displacements, which could be represented by a linear plastic interface shear model. In the small-scale test, however, the interface shear developed in two phases. A portion of the ultimate interface shear mobilized at comparatively small displacements while additional resistance continued to mobilize at extended displacements. Consequently, the development of interface shear resistance in the standard- and large-scale tests was found to depend on progressive increase of the geosynthetic mobilized length, whereas in the small-scale test the interface shear resistance developed by displacement of the entire geosynthetic.
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Malicki, Konrad, Jarosław Górszczyk und Zuzana Dimitrovová. „Recycled Polyester Geosynthetic Influence on Improvement of Road and Railway Subgrade Bearing Capacity— Laboratory Investigations“. Materials 14, Nr. 23 (27.11.2021): 7264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237264.
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After years of using geosynthetics in civil engineering and infrastructure construction, it has recently become necessary to consider the possibility of recycling and reusing these materials. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of the effect of recycled geogrid on the bearing capacity of soils using a CBR test. A polyester geosynthetic was selected for testing due to its high resistance to biodegradation and wide application. In a series of laboratory tests, two types of road and railway subgrade were used, mixed with geosynthetic cuttings in two different weight concentrations. The aim of the research was to demonstrate whether old demolition geosynthetics could be used to strengthen road and rail subgrade as recycled material. The influence of the geosynthetic cutting shape was also considered. The obtained results confirm the possibility of using recycled geogrid to improve the bearing capacity of the pavement subgrade, at least under these laboratory conditions. In the case of sand, the use of 2.0% additive causes that the poorly compacted soil obtains sufficient bearing capacity for the layer of road improved subgrade. As expected, the level of this improvement depends on the type of soil and the shape of geogrid cuttings.
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Hoyme, H., L. Vollmert und H. Ehrenberg. „Plastic in the ocean and global warming: New challenges for geosynthetics“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, Nr. 1 (01.10.2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012022.
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Abstract The application of geosynthetics is state of the art onshore, at the coast and offshore. Geosynthetics complement conventional construction methods, or even replace them and generate advantages for the client, the designer and even more for the environment, e.g. by reducing carbon footprint. Decades of research and experience have resulted in standards and products, which are optimised for long-term performance and reliable application. Geosynthetics, by definition, are products covered by soil and thus protected against impacts or abrasion. As they are often used in contact to water, they are tested to be groundwater neutral. On the other hand, however, concerns about the use of plastic are omnipresent and must be taken into account. In some very limited but not negligible applications, temporary or periodical environmental influences have to be discussed, e.g. permanently or temporarily uncovered geotextile applications such as scour protection measures, coastal protection or riverbed stabilisation. As the geosynthetics, beside their technical beneficial use, can be subject to abrasion in this limited range of applications, further options for optimisation shall be discussed. One possible alternative is to design geosynthetics from or with the use of biodegradable raw materials. The subject of this article is the presentation of geosynthetic products made from alternative raw materials which biodegrade after their planned period of use. Other applications may require a defined degradation process over time, for example erosion control products. Making use of biodegradable materials, the potential risk of causing damage to the flora and fauna in case of an undesirable entry into the environment can be limited.
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James, Jijo, Sivapriya Vijayasimhan, Hemavathi Srinivasan, Jayasri Arulselvan, Sathya Purushothaman und Murali Paramasivam. „A Comparative Laboratory Investigation into the Role of Geosynthetics in the Initial Swell Control of an Expansive Soil“. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, Nr. 4 (01.12.2019): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0042.
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Abstract Volume change in expansive soils due to the intervention of water causes swell. A laboratory investigation using two different gbeosynthetic materials was designed to minimise the swell characteristics. The influence of three parameters, being geosynthetic material [Secutex (ST) and Combigrid (CG)], orientation (horizontal and vertical), and number of layers (1, 2, and 3) on the swell of an expansive soil was studied to better understand the potential for geosynthetics in swell control. The study on the immediate swell characteristics (limited to 24 hours) helps in gaining confidence in the use of geosynthetics in the swell control of expansive soils. From the investigation results, it was found that all three parameters, being type of material, orientation, and number of layers influenced the swell control of the soil. When two layers of ST and CG were placed both vertically and crossed, they reduced the swell of the virgin soil by almost 60% and 44%, respectively. It can, therefore, be concluded that geosynthetics can play an effective role in the swell control of expansive soils.
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Luiza Santos Giron Margalho und Larissa da Silva Paes Cardoso. „Review on the Use of Recyclable and Biodegradable Materials as Geosynthetics“. JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH 4, Nr. 2 (25.07.2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v4i2.165.
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The emergence of geosynthetics changed many aspects of the project and construction of civil and environmental works. Due to the existence of a wide variety of products and the constant advancement in the development and dissemination of new technologies. These materials are applied in different engineering solutions, highlighting the possibility of using recyclable and biodegradable materials and executing geotechnical and environmental works ranging from the control of erosion to the protection of groundwater. In this context, this work presents a literature review on the use of recyclable and biodegradable materials as geosynthetic products, as well as their association with traditional geosynthetics for solutions in engineering works. The review was carried out through the platforms Google Scholar and Portal of Journals of CAPES, using keywords and Boolean connectors as descriptors. It is observed that there is a potential for the use of recyclable and biodegradable materials as geosynthetics. However, there is still a need for a careful assessment concerning the benefits, limitations, and impacts caused by the use of these wastes.
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Paiva, Lucas, Margarida Pinho-Lopes, António Miguel Paula und Robertt Valente. „3D Numerical Modeling of Geosynthetics for Soil Reinforcement: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review“. Geotechnics 4, Nr. 2 (18.06.2024): 673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4020036.
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Soil reinforcement using geosynthetics is an efficient and cost-effective solution for a variety of geotechnical structures. Along with the increasing use of geosynthetics, there is a need to expand and enhance the design methodologies for these elements, which are still frequently based on conservative limit equilibrium approaches. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures (GRS), identifying the state of the art, research trends, and other indicators. The data were obtained from the Scopus platform and processed by VOSViewer v1.6 software. The initial search comprised 552 papers and the screening process selected 516 relevant papers from 1992 to October 2023. The study analyzed the occurrence of publications by year, keyword trends, authors, citations/co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. Then, a focus was given to 3D modeling research on geosynthetics, highlighting the dominant modeling techniques, material properties, and design challenges in GRS. The bibliometric analysis provided a crucial guideline in the identification of relevant papers and research trends, and a series of conclusions were presented regarding the 3D modeling techniques, choice of material properties, and boundary conditions.
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Liu, J., C. Lin und S. Pokharel. „Application of material point method in modeling soil-geosynthetics interactions-a literature survey“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1335, Nr. 1 (01.05.2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1335/1/012001.
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Abstract The material point method (MPM) has garnered significant attention in recent years owing to its advantages in solving soil–water-structure interaction problems involving large deformations in geotechnical engineering. The MPM combines the benefits of point-based and mesh-based approaches (finite element method) with both Eulerian computational mesh and continuum descriptions of materials. The successful integration of MPM in simulated landslides, internal erosion, and excavation has been frequently reported. However, solving the soil–geosynthetic interaction problem with the MPM has not been explored, although such problems often entail large deformations. The goal of this study is to collate studies on the simulation of geosynthetics and their interactions with soil using MPM. This paper first discusses the basics of MPM and the formation of thin membrane materials using MPM. It also includes limited applications of MPM in simulating soil–geosynthetic interactions. The applications demonstrate that the MPM is particularly effective in resolving large deformation problems associated with geosynthetics, including problems of landfill settlement, reinforced-slope stability, and geocontainer dropping.
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Henry, Karen S., und Robert D. Holtz. „Geocomposite capillary barriers to reduce frost heave in soils“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, Nr. 4 (01.08.2001): 678–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-010.
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We investigated the potential for geosynthetic capillary barriers to reduce frost heave in soils by freezing upright, cylindrical soil specimens with horizontal disks of geosynthetics placed in them. During freezing, water was freely available at 25 mm above the base of 150 mm high specimens. The geosynthetics were located 5 mm above the water supply. We measured frost heave and final water content profiles of specimens containing geosynthetic capillary barriers and control specimens. The thermal conditions of the tests were typical of pavements in cold regions. Geotextiles prepared to simulate field conditions (i.e., moistened and containing soil fines) failed to significantly reduce frost heave. However, geocomposites comprising needle-punched polypropylene geotextiles sandwiching a drainage net, prepared in the same way as the moistened geotextiles containing soil fines, reduced frost heave when the soil water suction head in the overlying soil was 1800 mm or more. The geocomposites did not significantly reduce heave when the soil water suction head in the overlying soil was 800 mm or less. This is probably due to water migration between the two layers of soil, through the geotextiles and along the net of the geocomposite.Key words: capillary barrier, frost heave, geosynthetic, geotextile, geocomposite, soil freezing.
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Huang, Weiming, Chao Ren, Jinchang Wang und Qinyun Yu. „A simplified planar model for geosynthetics reinforced composite foundation subjected to vertical load“. E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019801039.
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A simplified planar model for geosynthetics reinforced composite foundation under large-scale loading was established with a new consolidation analysis. The cushion was modeled by modified Pasternak model and the reaction of pile and subsoil was modeled by Winkler model. The effect of geosynthetics layer was directly considered as an elastic cable and the subsoil was divided into numerous columns with only vertical drainage. The solution was obtained by a finite difference based iterative scheme. The feasibility of the model was demonstrated by a case study. Then a parameter study was executed to analyze the effect of several influential factors. The results showed that there is a critical pile –to-pitch ratio that makes the increase of the stiffness of the geosynthetic material the most conducive to deformation control.
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Lesičar, Ana, Boris Kavur, Edin Serdarević und Ratko Savi. „Testing of tensile properties of two nonwoven geotextiles“. Environmental engineering 10, Nr. 1-2 (31.01.2024): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.10.1-2.2.
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The use of geosynthetics has become a common and unavoidable practice in geotechnical engineering, agriculture and environmental engineering. The main disadvantages of earthen construction materials are their insufficient tensile strength and inadequate water permeability or impermeability, depending on the problem to be solved. Such shortcomings are successfully solved by incorporating appropriate geosynthetics (geotextile, geogrid, geocells, geomembrane etc.) into earthen structures. The most used geosynthetic is geotextile, which can provide practically all functions expected from such a product. The aim of this paper was to present and analyse the relative results of multiple tensile tests performed on two nonwoven (NW) geotextiles to provide a realistic insight into the variability of their tensile properties. The obtained results showed a very similar variability of the tensile properties of the tested geotextiles.
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Shahkohali, Amir, und Kent von Maubeuge. „How GCLs can help create more efficient waterways?“ E3S Web of Conferences 368 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336803007.
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Commercial, agricultural, and recreational canals continue to be important economic drivers in many countries. A wide range of geosynthetic products, such as geotextiles, geomembranes, and geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), help create more efficient waterways. Barrier geosynthetics such as GCLs are used to improve canal performance in numerous applications. For example, for irrigation canals, geosynthetic lining systems prevent seepage loss into soils. This improves the economics and sustainability of the irrigation system. The geosynthetic barrier also optimizes water flow in the canal network. Irrigation is conveyed more quickly and efficiently. This presentation reviews the application of GCLs in hydraulic structures including canals, and presents considerations for GCLs to perform as an impervious lining in these applications.
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Eigenbrod, K. D., und J. G. Locker. „Determination of friction values for the design of side slopes lined or protected with geosynthetics“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, Nr. 4 (01.11.1987): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-067.
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For an economic design of side slopes lined with geomembranes or protected with geotextiles, the frictional resistance at the soil–geosynthetic interface has to be known. Direct shear testing appears to be an appropriate method by which to determine these frictional resistances. As low normal stresses apply for most typical conditions along side slopes, two simple direct shear box devices were designed for tests at low normal stresses. Soil–geosynthetic interaction was tested for 4 soil types (2 clay and 2 sand types), 19 geotextiles, and 2 geomembranes. It was found that the friction between soils and geosynthetics is less than the angle of shearing resistance for the soil. The nonwoven geotextiles mobilized more than 90% of the sand friction, whereas woven geotextiles had efficiencies between 86 and 76%. For the clays, the efficiencies recorded were approximately 60% for woven geotextiles and 70% for nonwoven geotextiles. It was further observed that for granular materials the shear strength reached after repeated loading and unloading is independent of the degree of compaction. Based on the results obtained in this study and data reported in the literature, design recommendations are suggested for side slopes protected by geotextiles or lined by geomembranes. Key words: geosynthetics, frictional resistance, relative efficiency, soil–geosynthetic interface, low stress levels, direct shear test, side slopes.
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Rossi, Nicola, Mario Bačić, Meho Saša Kovačević und Lovorka Librić. „Fragility Curves for Slope Stability of Geogrid Reinforced River Levees“. Water 13, Nr. 19 (23.09.2021): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192615.
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When constructing flood protection structures such as river levees, oftentimes due to various factors engineers must design composite structures, i.e., reinforced earthen structures which comply with all the stability criteria. The most common way of reinforcing such structures is the usage of geosynthetics, or mostly geogrids when talking about stability. Since geosynthetics are man-made materials produced in a controlled environment and go through quality control measures, their characteristics contain a negligible amount of uncertainty compared to natural soils. However, geosynthetic handling, their installation in the levee, and their long-term degradation can all have significant effects of variable magnitude on geosynthetic characteristics. These effects and their variability can be considered as random variables, which can then be used in probabilistic analyses together with soil properties. To investigate the effects of the geogrid’s resistance variability on slope stability compared to soil properties variability, probabilistic analyses are conducted on a river levee in northern Croatia. It is found that the geogrid’s variability generally has very little effect on the total uncertainty compared to the friction angle’s variability, but out of the three geogrid layers used the top grid has the most influence.
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Rizwan, Malik, Hassan Mujtaba, Khalid Farooq, Zia Ur Rehman, Syed Zishan Ashiq, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi und Muhammad Junaid Munir. „Laboratory Investigation of Sand-Geosynthetic Interface Friction Parameters Using Cost-Effective Vertical Pullout Apparatus“. Fibers 10, Nr. 10 (30.09.2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10100084.
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The current research has been carried out to investigate the interactive behaviour of soil-geosynthetic interfaces. A cost-effective vertical pullout test (VPT) apparatus was designed for this purpose. A series of laboratory direct shear tests (DSTs) and vertical pullout tests (VPT) were carried out using three types of sands and four different types of geosynthetics. All three sandy samples used in this research were classified as poorly graded sand (SP) as per the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) with median grain size ranging between 0.39~0.2 mm. The geosynthetics used were three woven and one non-woven with a tensile force of 3.3 kN/m~103.8 kN/m. The direct shear test revealed that geometric properties of geosynthetics have an influence on interface shear resistance. Interface friction angle varies between 29.2~38.3. Vertical pullout (VPT) test results show that the pullout force is in the range of 23.9~31.4. The interface friction angle by both direct and vertical pullout tests is more for coarse-grained soils than for fine-grained soils. Interface friction angles from pullout tests were around 19% smaller than direct shear tests. The interface efficiency ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 for all soils; meanwhile, for non-woven geotextiles, the efficiency values are up to 22% higher as compared to woven geotextiles due to theirtexture. The present research indicates that interface friction parameters can be efficiently determined through the interface of a cost-effective VPT which is also comparable with DST. The reliable values of interface efficiency can be obtained for soil-geosynthetic interfaces which can optimize the design and omits the need forassumed conservative values of friction parameters.
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Komarov, D. A., und V. I. Kleveko. „DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED SOIL BASE BY EXPRESS METHOD USING DYNAMIC DENSITOMETER“. Construction and Geotechnics 10, Nr. 2 (15.12.2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.4.01.
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One way to improve the properties of soils is their reinforcement by different geosynthetic materials. Difficulty an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the use of geosynthetics in construction is its one of the reasons preventing their wider application. Conducting research aimed at studying the work of geosynthetic materials in the construction of foundations and their interaction with the ground, is a very costly and time consuming practice. The tests of reinforced soil structures for transport construction, which are influenced by dynamic loads are particularly complex. Geosynthetics can significantly improve the deformation characteristics of reinforced soil bases. Therefore, the use of different express methods for determination of deformation characteristics of reinforced soil bases is very important. Method using the dynamic densitometer is a new express methods for determining the deformation characteristics of subgrade. «Meter ground dynamic modulus DPG-1.2» was used as an apparatus for determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed on the ground surface Dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed has a correlation dependence with a coefficient of compaction and static modulus of elasticity Est . One application of geosynthetic material in road construction is their use in the construction of temporary roads. Therefore, the construction of temporary road, representing a layer of sand of various thickness on the reinforcing geosynthetic interlayer modeled in this work. The carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rossomaha» production on JSC ««Krasnokamsk Metal Mesh Works» «and geotextile Geospan TN-50 manufactured by Ltd «HEXA-woven materials» were used as reinforcing geosynthetics. This article presents the results of the determination of the static modulus of elasticity Est and dynamic elasticity modulus Ed soil reinforced by geosynthetic material and soil without reinforcement using DPG-1.2 device. As a result of the experiment shows that the modulus values obtained with the express method of using the device-DPG 1.2 are comparable with the values of data obtained by the laboratory method, the measurement error does not exceed 22 %. For backfill thicknesses h = 50 mm use the carcass geogrid KS-16 can increase Est by 23 % and Ed by 14 % compared with the unreinforced base. Using the geotextile Hexa TN-50 can increase Est by 15.5 % and Ed by 11 % compared with the unreinforced base. Increasing the thickness backfill h up to 100 mm is practically not reduce the effectiveness of the reinforcement carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rosomaha» - static modulus E st is increased by 22 % and dynamic modulus Ed by 14 % compared to the unreinforced base. And for the geotextile Hexa TH-50 at h = 100 mm reinforcement efficiency is greatly reduced - the value Est and Ed only increased by 2.5 % compared with the unreinforced base. This is probably caused by a significantly greater rigidity carcass geogrid KS-16 «Rosomaha» Thus DPG-1.2 device allows accurately measure the deformation characteristics of soil bases. The use of specialized carcass geogrids KS-16 «Rossomaha «more effectively in the construction of temporary roads in comparison with universal geosynthetics Hexa TN-50.
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Akram, Suhail. „Unconventional and Simplified Approach towards Unpaved Roads: Application of Geosynthetics“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. 11 (30.11.2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38766.
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Abstract: A field trial was carried out to investigate the performance of different unconventional geosynthetic materials in unpaved road construction over soft ground.The test site comprises of 25 m long, by 3 m wide test sections, built on a subgrade of undrained shear strength approximately 45 kPa . One isunreinforced and serves as a control section in the study, three sections includea geotextile, and one includes a geogrid. Each test section incorporated avariable thickness of sandy gravel base course material, between25 and 45 cmthick. They were loaded in sequence by a vehicle of standard axle load.Performance of the test sections was evaluated from measurements of rut depth, base course thickness, base course deformations, geosynthetic strain, and deformed profile of the geosynthetic, with increasing number of vehicle passes.The four geosynthetic materials used exhibited a broad range of stiffness and material properties ,but the general performance of the four reinforced sections was similar on the base course layers. On contrary thinner subgrades showed a significant difference between the geosynthetics Keywords: Geo-synthetic materials, geo-textile, geo-grid, unpaved road.
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Cui, Xin-zhuang, Yi-lin Wang, Kai-Wen Liu, Jun Li, Lei Zhang und Jun-wei Su. „Strain-softening model evaluating geobelt–clay interaction validated by laboratory tests of sensor-enabled geobelts“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, Nr. 3 (März 2020): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0560.
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The interaction between geosynthetics and soil is vital for the stability and the bearing capacity of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. This contact behavior between geosynthetics and granular soils has been extensively studied in the literature while there is scarcity of it related to geosynthetics and cohesive soils particularly with softening responses. This paper presents a strain-softening model of geobelt–clay interaction based on direct shear test results under two compaction degrees. A theoretical model for evaluating the pullout behavior of a geobelt is proposed by employing the strain-softening model verified by direct shear tests and a hyperbolic model capturing the stress–strain curves of a geobelt calibrated by uniaxial tensile tests. The proposed model is numerically solved and validated by pullout tests. A kind of sensor-enabled geobelt (SEGB) was adopted in all the aforementioned tests. Both test and numerical results show an overall softening trend in terms of front pull-out force versus displacement. Generally, the model proposed can give reasonably good agreement between calculations and test data during the whole pull-out range. Also, the strain distributions measured by SEGBs demonstrate the working process during the pullout tests, which makes SEGBs a potentially new choice for the strain measurements of in-soil geobelts.
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Cacciuttolo, Carlos, Alvar Pastor, Patricio Valderrama und Edison Atencio. „Process Water Management and Seepage Control in Tailings Storage Facilities: Engineered Environmental Solutions Applied in Chile and Peru“. Water 15, Nr. 1 (03.01.2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010196.
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In the past thirty years many mining projects in Chile and Peru have used: (i) polymeric geomembranes and (ii) design-and-build cutoff trenches, plastic concrete slurry walls, and grout curtain systems to control seepage at tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Geosynthetics are a viable alternative at a TSF dam for clay cores or impermeable materials, mainly because of their marked advantages in cost, installation, and construction time. This article describes the use of geosynthetics liners and cutoff trench–plastic concrete slurry walls–grout curtain systems in TSF dams in Chile and Peru mining, with the objective to decrease seepage to the environment, considering different dam material cases such as: cycloned tailings sand dams, borrow dams, and mine waste rock dams. Finally, this article discusses aspects of geosynthetic technology acceptance in the local regulatory frameworks, lessons learned, and advances. It focuses on the use and implementation of geosynthetics in TSFs in Chile and Peru, which have some of the highest TSF dams in the world, as well as a wet environment, dry environment, extreme topography, and severe seismic conditions. These conditions constitute a challenge for manufacturers, engineers, and contractors, who must achieve optimal technical solutions, while being environmentally aware and economic.
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Banyhussan, Qais S., Hanan A. hassan und Badr A. Hamad. „Investigation of Shear Strength of Subbase-Subgrade Interface with Geosynthetics Reinforcement Utilizing A Large-Scale Direct Shear Test“. E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342703007.
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Geosynthetics are being used to strengthen road pavement. Geosynthetic inclusions improve pavement carrying capacity, maintenance costs, highway service life, reflective cracks, and undesirable large lateral and vertical deformations. The primary purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of geosynthetics (geogrids and geotextiles) in stabilizing the subgrade and reinforcing the base course layers in unpaved test sections. Determine the mechanical interaction of subgrade soils (clay and sand) and aggregate road base layers (subbase) with and without reinforcement. Compute the shear strength parameters (cohesion, friction angle, and interface coefficient factor). Therefore, Large-scale direct shear experiments in the laboratory were performed on subbase-subgrade materials with and without geosynthetics, under the applying normal of stresses (25, 50, 75, and 100) kPa, indicating the quantity overburden the pressure in paving. The present research uses a large-scale direct shear apparatus with an up square box (200 mm×200 mm×100 mm) and a bottom rectangular box (200 mm×250 mm×100 mm). A direct shear test was implemented by manufacturing this equipment. The results obtained from experiments showed that biaxial geogrid G1 has the best behavior for both (subbase-clay) and (subbase-sand) and has an interface shear coefficient factor more significant than unity and equal to 1.05 and 1.02, respectively.
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Won, Myoung-Soo, und Christine Patinga Langcuyan. „A Study of the Effects of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil and Reinforcement Length on GRS Bridge Abutment“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 23 (26.11.2021): 11226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311226.
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The geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment with a staged-construction full height rigid (FHR) facing and an integral bridge (IB) system was developed in Japan in the 2000s. This technology offers several advantages, especially concerning the deformation behavior of the GRS-IB abutment. In this study, the effects of GRS in the bridge abutment with FHR facing and the effects of geosynthetics reinforcement length on the deformation behavior of the GRS–IB are presented. The numerical models are analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) in Plaxis 2D program. The results showed that the GRS–IB model exhibited the least lateral displacements at the wall facing compared to those of the IB model without geosynthetics reinforcement. The geosynthetics reinforcement in the bridge abutment with FHR facing has reduced the vertical displacement increments by 4.7 times and 1.3 times (maximum) after the applied general traffic loads and railway loads, respectively. In addition, the numerical results showed that the increase in the length-to-height (L/H) ratio of reinforcement from 0.3H to 1.1H decreases the maximum lateral displacements by 29% and the maximum vertical displacements by 3% at the wall facing by the end of construction. The effect of the reinforcement length on the wall vertical displacements is minimal compared to the effect on the wall lateral displacements.
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Petriaev, Andrei, und Anastasia Konon. „Tests of geosynthetics-reinforced ballast stressed state under heavy trains“. MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926501004.
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Nowadays requirements for strength and stability of railway subgrade are increased. It occurs due to raising of train speed and axle load. Some sections of subgrade that were previously considered stable do not satisfy safety requirements. In this regard, superstructure reinforcing solutions need to be developed. This paper highlights ballast and subgrade reinforcement applications of geogrids in railway infrastructure. In recent years, geosynthetics are widely used for this purpose. The paper describes recent studies, which helped to identify geosynthetics reinforcement influence on ballast layer and subgrade. Influence of axial load on stress in ballast and subgrade was determined. Obtained data showed that design solutions are required to provide subgrade top bearing capacity in terms of operation with axle loads over 220 kN. Design solution is protective layers installation of polystyrene or geogrids. Five types of geosynthetic materials were placed on the top of subgrade to study vertical stresses distribution in ballast under freight train.
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Ma, Binhui, Zhuo Li, Kai Cai, Meng Liu, Minghua Zhao, Bingchu Chen, Qiunan Chen und Zhiyong Hu. „Pile-Soil Stress Ratio and Settlement of Composite Foundation Bidirectionally Reinforced by Piles and Geosynthetics under Embankment Load“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (22.04.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5575878.
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The settlement calculation of composite foundation bidirectionally reinforced by piles and geosynthetics is always a difficult problem. The key to its accuracy lies in the determination of pile-soil stress ratio. Based on the theory of double parameters of the elastic foundation plate, the horizontal geosynthetics of composite foundation are regarded as the elastic thin plate, and the vertical piles and surrounding soil are regarded as a series of springs with different stiffness. The deflection equation of horizontal geosynthetics considering its bending and pulling action is obtained according to the static equilibrium conditions. The equation is solved by using Bessel function of complex variable, and the corresponding deflection function of horizontal geosynthetics is deduced. Then, the calculation formula of pile-soil stress ratio and settlement of composite foundation is derived by considering the deformation coordination of pile and soil. The results of engineering case analysis show that the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values, which indicates that the proposed method is feasible and the calculation accuracy is good. Finally, the influence of composite modulus of horizontal geosynthetics, tensile force of geosynthetics, and pile-soil stiffness ratio on pile-soil stress ratio and settlement is further analyzed. The results show that the pile-soil stress ratio increases with the increase of the composite modulus of the horizontal geosynthetics, the tensile force of geosynthetics, and the pile-soil stiffness ratio, and the settlement decreases with the increase of the composite modulus of the horizontal geosynthetics, the tensile force of geosynthetics, and the pile-soil stiffness ratio. When the flexural stiffness of the horizontal geosynthetics is small, the influence of the tensile action of the geosynthetics on the pile-soil stress ratio and settlement of the composite foundation cannot be ignored.