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1
Bassier, M., R. Klein, B. Van Genechten und M. Vergauwen. „IFCWALL RECONSTRUCTION FROM UNSTRUCTURED POINT CLOUDS“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2 (28.05.2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-33-2018.
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The automated reconstruction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects from point cloud data is still ongoing research. A key aspect is the creation of accurate wall geometry as it forms the basis for further reconstruction of objects in a BIM. After segmenting and classifying the initial point cloud, the labelled segments are processed and the wall topology is reconstructed. However, the preocedure is challenging due to noise, occlusions and the complexity of the input data.<br>In this work, a method is presented to automatically reconstruct consistent wall geometry from point clouds. More specifically, the use of room information is proposed to aid the wall topology creation. First, a set of partial walls is constructed based on classified planar primitives. Next, the rooms are identified using the retrieved wall information along with the floors and ceilings. The wall topology is computed by the intersection of the partial walls conditioned on the room information. The final wall geometry is defined by creating IfcWallStandardCase objects conform the IFC4 standard. The result is a set of walls according to the as-built conditions of a building. The experiments prove that the used method is a reliable framework for wall reconstruction from unstructured point cloud data. Also, the implementation of room information reduces the rate of false positives for the wall topology. Given the walls, ceilings and floors, 94% of the rooms is correctly identified. A key advantage of the proposed method is that it deals with complex rooms and is not bound to single storeys.
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Olechowska, Marcelina, Artur Nowoświat, Jan Ślusarek und Mateusz Latawiec. „The influence of the distribution of sound absorbing materials on the estimation of reverberation time in rooms“. E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900078.
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Reverberation time in rooms depends on many factors, e.g. cubature, surface of envelopes, sound absorption coefficient of materials used for the construction of the envelopes, geometry of rooms or the distribution of sound absorbing materials. The arrangement of sound absorbing materials in rooms has an impact on the dispersion of acoustic field, yet theoretical calculation models do not take into account this impact. According to these models, regardless of the arrangement of sound absorbing materials, the reverberation time in a room will remain unchanged. The present paper investigates the above problem by means of computer simulations. For the needs of the simulation, three rooms with different dimensions were adopted, i.e. type 'p' - a cuboidal room with a square base, type 'd' - a cuboidal room (with one side of the 'p' room lengthened), type 'w' - a cuboidal room (with the height of the room lengthened 'p'). During the simulation, the way of acoustic field dispersion was being changed and its influence on the reverberation time in the rooms was being determined. The authors investigated two situations. The first one involved a non-dampened room, in which the sound absorbing material was being arranged differently. The second one involved a welldampened room, and the dispersion of sound field was analyzed depending on the location of the reflecting material.
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Skrzypkowski, Krzysztof. „The Influence of Room and Pillar Method Geometry on the Deposit Utilization Rate and Rock Bolt Load“. Energies 12, Nr. 24 (13.12.2019): 4770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244770.
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In this article, a model of ore deposit in form of a lense carried out in the MineScape program, is presented. The lense had a thickness of 30 m, length along the strike 200 m, and the depth buried was for 80 m to 110 m below the surface. In the first layer, counting from the lowest level, a room and pillar method with variable geometry was designed. The width and length dimensions for rooms and pillars were: 4 m, 5 m and 6 m, respectively. For the selected part of the deposit, three variants of the system with variable geometry of rooms and pillars were designed, for which the deposit utilization coefficient was determined. The next stage of the research was to determine the influence of the geometry of the pillars and rooms on the range of the rock destruction zone around room excavations. For this purpose, numerical calculations using the three-dimensional Examine 3D program, based on the boundary element method, were made. The results of numerical tests were used to calculate the load of the rock bolt support, which is currently used in the zinc and lead underground mine “Olkusz-Pomorzany” in Poland. Currently in the mine, the bolt spacing is 1 m × 1 m, and the technology for fixing the bolt rod is based on resin cartridges that completely fill the bolt hole. In order to spread the spacing of the rock bolt support and to apply segmental fixing of the bolt rod, in the laboratory tests, rock bolt supports with increased strength were tested. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the rock bolt can be installed segmentally, using a cement grout, and its spacing can be increased to 2 m.
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Khabaz, Rahim. „Estimation of scattering contribution in the calibration of neutron devices with radionuclide sources in rooms of different sizes“. Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 30, Nr. 1 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1501047k.
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Calibrations of neutron devices used in area monitoring are often performed by radionuclide neutron sources. Device readings increase due to neutrons scattered by the surroundings and the air. The influence of said scattering effects have been investigated in this paper by performing Monte Carlo simulations for ten different radionuclide neutron sources inside several sizes of concrete wall spherical rooms (Rsp = 200 to 1500 cm). In order to obtain the parameters that relate the additional contribution from scattered neutrons, calculations using a polynomial fit model were evaluated. Obtained results show that the contribution of scattering is roughly independent of the geometric shape of the calibration room. The parameter that relates the room-return scattering has been fitted in terms of the spherical room radius, so as to reasonably accurately estimate the scattering value for each radionuclide neutron source in any geometry of the calibration room.
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Ferreira, T., I. Bournas und M.-C. Dubois. „Effect of atrium geometry and reflectance on daylighting in adjacent rooms“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343 (November 2019): 012167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012167.
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de Souza, Mauricy Cesar R., und Samir N. Y. Gerges. „Prediction of Sound Level in Rooms and Experimental Validation“. Building Acoustics 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 1997): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400204.
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Traditional Sabine equations still are used for factories or offices where diffuse sound fields rarely occur and prediction can be inaccurate. More recently, methods based on geometric acoustics have been developed which require large computing time and which demand better defined input data. A problem, often encountered, is how to include input data which is appropriate, accurate and relatively easy to obtain. Three acoustic models of a furnished room were created: a diffuse field, an image source and a ray tracing model. The initial values of absorption coefficient and sound power level were obtained by standard measurements and the sound propagation SP was predicted and compared with measurement for each model. Then, the models were calibrated by altering the input parameters in order to minimise the difference between predicted and measured values. Sound pressure level due to two sources was also predicted and compared with measurement. For the room studied, the precision of the predictions, after calibration, is similar for the three models considered, with an average difference between simulated and measured values of less than 2 dB. Without the calibration procedure, the ray-tracing model gave the most precise first estimate. The diffuse and image source models needed significant modification of the input data to obtain a similar precision. The sound field in the room chosen for this study was nearly diffuse and simulation, based on geometric acoustics, did not offer clear advantages. However, this will not be the case for rooms with more complicated geometrical and acoustic characteristics such as in factories and offices. In addition, the image source model will not be appropriate for internal fittings which are much more complex than in the present study and an appropriate estimate of the scattering cross-section is problematical. In the ray tracing model, this problem is circumvented by incorporating the fittings as part of the geometry of the room.
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Cardu, Marilena, Sergio Dipietromaria und Pierpaolo Oreste. „Sub-Level Stoping in an Underground Limestone Quarry: An Analysis of the State of Stress in an Evolutionary Scenario“. Archives of Mining Sciences 61, Nr. 1 (01.04.2016): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2016-0015.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of stress of a „voids-pillar“ structure excavated by means of the sub-level stoping method in an underground limestone quarry near Bergamo (Italy). Both the current structure of the quarry (i.e. the rooms exploited till now) and a possible future scenario were analysed using the (FDM) FLAC 2D code. The quarry has been in operation since 1927; at present, exploitation is carried out underground via the sub-level stoping method. Exploitation involves two levels, with 5 rooms on the upper level and 9 rooms on the lower level. After analysing data obtained from laboratory and in situ tests carried out on rock samples and natural discontinuities, the geomechanical properties of the medium, knowledge of which is essential in order to establish the parameters that must be included in the numerical model, were evaluated. The implementation of three numerical models made it possible to study both the present conditions of quarry exploitation and the evolution of the exploited rooms, as well as a possible expansion involving a third level of rooms. Using the results obtained regarding the stress-strain present in the pillars, a potential change in room geometry was proposed aimed at reducing the stress state inside the pillars, decreasing plasticity and increasing overall quarry safety.
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Cai, Yuanzhi, und Lei Fan. „An Efficient Approach to Automatic Construction of 3D Watertight Geometry of Buildings Using Point Clouds“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 10 (17.05.2021): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101947.
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Recent years have witnessed an increasing use of 3D models in general and 3D geometric models specifically of built environment for various applications, owing to the advancement of mapping techniques for accurate 3D information. Depending on the application scenarios, there exist various types of approaches to automate the construction of 3D building geometry. However, in those studies, less attention has been paid to watertight geometries derived from point cloud data, which are of use to the management and the simulations of building energy. To this end, an efficient reconstruction approach was introduced in this study and involves the following key steps. The point cloud data are first voxelised for the ray-casting analysis to obtain the 3D indoor space. By projecting it onto a horizontal plane, an image representing the indoor area is obtained and is used for the room segmentation. The 2D boundary of each room candidate is extracted using new grammar rules and is extruded using the room height to generate 3D models of individual room candidates. The room connection analyses are applied to the individual models obtained to determine the locations of doors and the topological relations between adjacent room candidates for forming an integrated and watertight geometric model. The approach proposed was tested using the point cloud data representing six building sites of distinct spatial confirmations of rooms, corridors and openings. The experimental results showed that accurate watertight building geometries were successfully created. The average differences between the point cloud data and the geometric models obtained were found to range from 12 to 21 mm. The maximum computation time taken was less than 5 min for the point cloud of approximately 469 million data points, more efficient than the typical reconstruction methods in the literature.
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Granzotto, Nicola, und Edoardo Alessio Piana. „Evaluation Method for Façade Acoustic Insulation for a Corner Room: Discussion on the Results Obtained as a Function of the Source Position“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 21 (22.10.2020): 7434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217434.
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The appropriate acoustic insulation project of building façades is of importance for the design of highly comfortable living environments. In some countries, national regulations require maximum noise levels inside rooms, or minimum sound insulation limits, to be respected. The acoustic insulation design of a façade is usually performed according to the ISO 12354-3 standard, which presents a calculation method based on the geometry of the room, the shape of the façade, the areas and the acoustic performances of the individual elements. The prescribed limits must be experimentally verified according to methods derived from international standards. However, the current versions of such standards do not provide details on how to perform the measurements and the calculation of the sound insulation for corner rooms. An important remark is that, depending on the position of the sound source used for the measurements, different results of the standardized sound insulation are obtained. This article proposes a new method for calculating the façade insulation of corner rooms by introducing the acoustic attenuation due to the diffraction of the corner and the distance of the sound source from the façades, estimated through simulations and experimentally validated.
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Wang, Lin, und Weimin Mou. „Effect of room size on geometry and features cue preference during reorientation: Modulating encoding strength or cue weighting“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, Nr. 2 (05.09.2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819872159.
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Three experiments investigated how the room size affects preferential use of geometric and non-geometric cues during reorientation inside a room. We hypothesised that room size may affect preferential use of geometric and non-geometric cues by affecting the encoding of the cues (the encoding hypothesis), the retrieval of the cues (the retrieval hypothesis), or both the encoding and retrieval of the cues (the encoding-plus-retrieval hypothesis). In immersive virtual rectangular rooms, participants learned objects’ locations with respect to geometric (room shape) and non-geometric cues (features on walls or isolated objects). During the test, participants localised objects with the geometric cue only, non-geometric cues only, or both. The two cues were placed at the original locations or displaced relative to each other (conflicting cues) when both were presented at testing. We manipulated the room size between participants within each experiment. The results showed that the room size affected cue preference using conflicting cues but did not affect response accuracy using single cues at testing. These results support the retrieval hypothesis. The results were discussed in terms of the effects of cue salience and stability on cue interaction in reorientation.
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Sabzevar, Hadi Bagheri, Mohd Hamdan Ahmad und Alireza Gharakhani. „Courtyard Geometry on Solar Heat Gain in Hot-Dry Region“. Advanced Materials Research 935 (Mai 2014): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.76.
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This paper attempts to show the geometric effects of a courtyard under the force of hot and dry climates. A courtyard house is an internal open space around which all the habitable rooms are clustered. The main objective is to review the effects of courtyard geometry on changing the energy consumption of courtyard buildings in order to decrease the emissions of CO2.Literature review on courtyard in hot and dry climate suggest various type of the evaluation of previous results proves that the orientation and the proportions are two important factors for the amount of acquired solar energy in courtyard buildings in order to reduce energy consumption in hot-dry regions. They should be considered in the design stage where the designers can take full advantage. Future, can also be established guidelines for efficient courtyard design in Yazd to reduce energy consumption.
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Jubair, Fahed, und Mohammed Hawa. „Exploiting Obstacle Geometry to Reduce Search Time in Grid-Based Pathfinding“. Symmetry 12, Nr. 7 (17.07.2020): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071186.
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Pathfinding is the problem of finding the shortest path between a pair of nodes in a graph. In the context of uniform-cost undirected grid maps, heuristic search algorithms, such as A ★ and weighted A ★ ( W A ★ ), have been dominantly used for pathfinding. However, the lack of knowledge about obstacle shapes in a gird map often leads heuristic search algorithms to unnecessarily explore areas where a viable path is not available. We refer to such areas in a grid map as blocked areas (BAs). This paper introduces a preprocessing algorithm that analyzes the geometry of obstacles in a grid map and stores knowledge about blocked areas in a memory-efficient balanced binary search tree data structure. During actual pathfinding, a search algorithm accesses the binary search tree to identify blocked areas in a grid map and therefore avoid exploring them. As a result, the search time is significantly reduced. The scope of the paper covers maps in which obstacles are represented as horizontal and vertical line-segments. The impact of using the blocked area knowledge during pathfinding in A ★ and W A ★ is evaluated using publicly available benchmark set, consisting of sixty grid maps of mazes and rooms. In mazes, the search time for both A ★ and W A ★ is reduced by 28 % , on average. In rooms, the search time for both A ★ and W A ★ is reduced by 30 % , on average. This is achieved while preserving the search optimality of A ★ and the search sub-optimality of W A ★ .
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Navacerrada, María A., Cesar Díaz und Antonio Pedrero. „Pressure Level Standard Deviation at Low Frecuencies: Effect of the Wall Vibrational Field“. Archives of Acoustics 37, Nr. 4 (01.12.2012): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10168-012-0066-8.
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Abstract Knowledge of the uncertainty of measurement of testing results is important when results have to be compared with limits and specifications. In the measurement of sound insulation following standards ISO 140-4 and 140-5 the uncertainty of the final magnitude is mainly associated to the average sound pressure levels L1 and L2 measured. However, the study of sound fields in enclosed spaces is very difficult: there are a wide variety of rooms with different sound fields depending on factors as volume, geometry and materials. A parameter what allows us to quantify the spatial variation of the sound pressure level is the standard deviation of the pressure levels measured at the different positions of the room. Based on the analysis of this parameter some results have been pointed out: we show examples on the influence of the microphone positions and the wall characteristics on the uncertainty of the final magnitudes mainly at the low frequencies regime. In this line, we propose a theoretical calculus of the standard deviation as a combined uncertainty of the standard deviation already proposed in the literature focused in the room geometry and the standard deviation associated to the wall vibrational field.
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Capocchiano, F., R. Ravanelli und M. Crespi. „A TOOL FOR CROWDSOURCED BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING THROUGH LOW-COST RANGE CAMERA: PRELIMINARY DEMONSTRATION AND POTENTIAL“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (13.11.2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-75-2017.
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Within the construction sector, Building Information Models (BIMs) are more and more used thanks to the several benefits that they offer in the design of new buildings and the management of the existing ones. Frequently, however, BIMs are not available for already built constructions, but, at the same time, the range camera technology provides nowadays a cheap, intuitive and effective tool for automatically collecting the 3D geometry of indoor environments. It is thus essential to find new strategies, able to perform the first step of the scan to BIM process, by extracting the geometrical information contained in the 3D models that are so easily collected through the range cameras.<br><br> In this work, a new algorithm to extract planimetries from the 3D models of rooms acquired by means of a range camera is therefore presented. The algorithm was tested on two rooms, characterized by different shapes and dimensions, whose 3D models were captured with the Occipital Structure Sensor<sup>TM</sup>. The preliminary results are promising: the developed algorithm is able to model effectively the 2D shape of the investigated rooms, with an accuracy level comprised in the range of 5 - 10 cm. It can be potentially used by non-expert users in the first step of the BIM generation, when the building geometry is reconstructed, for collecting crowdsourced indoor information in the frame of BIMs Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) generation.
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Pu, Dong-Mei, Da-Qi Gao und Yu-Bo Yuan. „A Primal Analysis System of Brain Neurons Data“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/348526.
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It is a very challenging work to classify the 86 billions of neurons in the human brain. The most important step is to get the features of these neurons. In this paper, we present a primal system to analyze and extract features from brain neurons. First, we make analysis on the original data of neurons in which one neuron contains six parameters: room type,X,Y,Zcoordinate range, total number of leaf nodes, and fuzzy volume of neurons. Then, we extract three important geometry features including rooms type, number of leaf nodes, and fuzzy volume. As application, we employ the feature database to fit the basic procedure of neuron growth. The result shows that the proposed system is effective.
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Canova, Aldo, Fabio Freschi, Luca Giaccone, Maurizio Repetto und Luigi Solimene. „Identification of Material Properties and Optimal Design of Magnetically Shielded Rooms“. Magnetochemistry 7, Nr. 2 (06.02.2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7020023.
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In this paper, we propose an optimal design procedure for magnetically shielded rooms. Focusing on multi-layer ferromagnetic structures, where inner layers operate at very low magnetic field, we propose an identification method of the magnetic material characteristic in the Rayleigh region. A numerical model to simulate the shielding efficiency of a multi-layer ferromagnetic structure is presented and experimentally tested on different geometries and layer configurations. The fixed point iterative method is adopted to handle the nonlinearity of the magnetic material. In conclusion, the optimization of the design parameters of a MSR is discussed, using the Vector Immune System algorithm to minimize the magnetic field inside the room and the cost of the structure. The results highlight that a linear magnetic characteristic for the material is sufficient to identify the suitable geometry of the shield, but the nonlinear model in the Rayleigh region is of fundamental importance to determine a realistic shielding factor.
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McIntosh, Margaret E. „Word Roots in Geometry“. Mathematics Teacher 87, Nr. 7 (Oktober 1994): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.7.0510.
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Vocabulary and word study are now considered to be within the purview of the mathematics classroom. But, as mathematics teachers, we rarely do a separate unit on “words.” Instead, we teach the words Students' learning logs helped me gauge their tnderstanding 510 our students need—triangles, quadratic equations, and so on—along with the regular unit of study. This article offers suggestions for a unit on word study in geometry. This unit lasts one week and is best presented as the first unit of the year.
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Lee, Linda D., Matthew Berkheiser, Ying Jiang, Brenda Hackett, Ray Y. Hachem, Roy F. Chemaly und Issam I. Raad. „Risk of Bioaerosol Contamination With Aspergillus Species Before and After Cleaning in Rooms Filtered With High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filters That House Patients With Hematologic Malignancy“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519866.
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Objective.To examine the impact of cleaning and directional airflow on environmental contamination with Aspergillus species in hospital rooms filtered with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that house patients with hematologic malignancy.Design.Detailed environmental assessment.Setting.A 475-bed tertiary cancer center in the southern United States.Methods.From April to October 2004, 1,258 surface samples and 627 bioaerosol samples were obtained from 74 HEPA-filtered rooms (in addition, 88 outdoor bioaerosol samples were obtained). Samples were collected from rooms cleaned within 1 hour after patient discharge and from rooms before cleaning. Positive and negative airflows were evaluated using air-current tubes at entrances to patient rooms.Results.Of 1,258 surface samples, 3.3% were positive for Aspergillus species. Univariate analysis showed no relationship between cleaning status and occurrence of Aspergillus species. Of 627 bioaerosol samples, 7.3% were positive for Aspergillus species. Multiple logistic analysis revealed independently significant associations with detection of Aspergillus species. Cleaned rooms positive for Aspergillus species had a higher geometric mean density of colonies than that of rooms sampled before cleaning (18.9 vs 5.5 colony-forming units [cfu] per cubic meter; P = .0047). Rooms with positive airflow had a detection rate for bioaerosol samples equivalent to that of rooms with negative airflow (7.3% vs 7.8%; P = .8). There was no significant difference in the density of Aspergillus species between rooms with negative airflow and rooms with positive airflow (12.5 vs 8.4 cfu/m3; P = .33).Conclusions.Concentration of bioaerosol contamination with Aspergillus species was increased in rooms sampled 1 hour after cleaning compared with rooms sampled before cleaning, suggesting a possible correlation between reentrained bioaerosols (ie, those suspended by activity in the room) after cleaning and the risk of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis.
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Skrzypkowski, Korzeniowski, Zagórski und Zagórska. „Flexibility and Load-Bearing Capacity of Roof Bolting as Functions of Mounting Depth and Hole Diameter“. Energies 12, Nr. 19 (30.09.2019): 3754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193754.
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This paper presents the results of laboratory tensile testing of segmentally-installed glue-in roof bolting. We studied roof bolting of the type Olkusz-16A (Boltech Sp. z o.o., ZGH Bolesław S.A., Bukowno, Poland), additionally equipped with a steel rod coil, which was mounted in steel cylinders filled with a concrete mixture using multi-part resin cartridges with a diameter of 0.024 m and length of 0.045 m. The mounting depths were 0.1 m and 0.2 m, respectively. Our main purpose was to determine the effect of the bolt hole diameter, which assumed the values 0.028 m, 0.032 m, 0.035 m, and 0.037 m, respectively, on the load-bearing capacity of the roof bolting in relation to the mounting depth. We found that the mounting depth of 0.2 m was sufficient for the roof bolting to exhibit its full load and displacement properties for all four diameters of the bolt hole. To determine whether the roof bolting was capable of transferring the load in situ, we presented the results of the predicted load on the roof bolting applied in a room and pillar mining method in an underground mine of zinc and lead ore deposits. Our objective was to determine the influence of the room and pillar mining method geometry on the range of the fault zone of rocks around pits. We designed the deposit excavation model using the Examine3D numerical modeling software, which is based on the boundary element method. We created three-dimensional models for three variants of working space opening widths: featuring two, three, and four rows of rooms. The geometry of rooms and pillars corresponded to the mine conditions; the width, height, and length parameters were all 5 m. We determined the strength, strain, and structural parameters of the rock mass on the basis of laboratory studies of the drill core and rock forms collected from the room longwall. We used the strength factor to specify the maximum range of the fault zone of rocks around pits. In the last stage of research, we compared the load value obtained based on numerical testing with the maximum load obtained in the tensile strength tests of the roof bolting and determined the safety factor of the segmentally-installed roof bolting.
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Kalábová, Tereza, Michaela Horáčková und František Vajkay. „Experimental Timber Frames House EXDR1“. Advanced Materials Research 649 (Januar 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.73.
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Research and development at Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering is focused on the experimental assessment of modern timber structures. For the assessment of the influence of different timber structures on indoor environment a comparative method is used. This method is based on the measurement of indoor environment parameters in the experimental house. There are 4 test (reference) rooms, each of them having the same geometry but a different light-weight composition of envelope which are flexible at the same time.
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Brumana, R., P. Condoleo, A. Grimoldi und A. G. Landi. „SHAPE AND CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK VAULTS. CRITERIA, METHODS AND TOOLS FOR A POSSIBLE CATALOGUE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1 (15.05.2017): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-137-2017.
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The use of cloister vaults in the construction of noble buildings, as covering elements for square or rectangular rooms, is widespread and well-known. The geometric continuity at the intrados makes generally possible the execution all over the span of frescoes, stucco and decorations. The construction of brick vaults, from the late Middle Age, was sped up by limiting the centering to the wooden planks arches that were instrumental in the profile determination. Nowadays, the availability of several procedures, phases and tools for carrying out a survey allows to draw reliable assumptions about the construction methods and the execution time. It is mandatory to determine the properties of the binders, the shape and dimensions of the bricks, and to carry out a comparison between the geometry of the intrados surface and the evidences emerging at the extrados. The support of the laser scanner technique allows to accurately identify the surface profile and thickness. All these indications, in turn, are useful, in view of an interpretation of the structural behavior, to identify weaknesses, and to highlight contributing factors of instability (if any). <br><br> The paper focuses on a well-documented case, the Magio Grasselli palace in Cremona in which the cloister vaults of two main rooms show different construction systems, although they were built almost at the same time. The thermographic recordings and laser-scanner surveys highlight the various arrangements used for the cloister vaults.
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Raczkowski, Andrzej, Zbigniew Suchorab und Przemysław Brzyski. „Computational fluid dynamics simulation of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated room“. MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925204007.
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The paper presents experimental measurements and numerical simulation of thermal environment in naturally ventilated room by a fresh air valve. For the aim of Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, a model room was created. The fresh air valve is located in an occupied space, at the external wall. It has a major effect on mixing indoor and outdoor air, temperature profiles, thermal condition and indoor air quality of the rooms during the heating period. To determine the thermal condition of a naturally ventilated building, PN-EN 15251:2012 standard was used. According to the standard, using PMV/PPD is suitable for evaluating the thermal environment. In the naturally ventilated buildings, the following criteria are very important for local thermal discomfort: draught, radiant temperature asymmetry and vertical air temperature differences. To compare the simulation results, real air temperatures were measured by the thermocouples in a day room having the same geometry. A series of simulations has been carried out to determine the profiles of temperature and velocity of indoor air. Obtained results prove correlation with calculations of profiles of indoor air temperature, estimated using the thermocouples.
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Ruiz-Sarmiento, J. R., C. Galindo und J. Gonzalez-Jimenez. „Robot@Home, a robotic dataset for semantic mapping of home environments“. International Journal of Robotics Research 36, Nr. 2 (Februar 2017): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364917695640.
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This paper presents the Robot-at-Home dataset (Robot@Home), a collection of raw and processed sensory data from domestic settings aimed at serving as a benchmark for semantic mapping algorithms through the categorization of objects and/or rooms. The dataset contains 87,000+ time-stamped observations gathered by a mobile robot endowed with a rig of four RGB-D cameras and a 2D laser scanner. Raw observations have been processed to produce different outcomes also distributed with the dataset, including 3D reconstructions and 2D geometric maps of the inspected rooms, both annotated with the ground truth categories of the surveyed rooms and objects. The proposed dataset is particularly suited as a testbed for object and/or room categorization systems, but it can be also exploited for a variety of tasks, including robot localization, 3D map building, SLAM, and object segmentation. Robot@Home is publicly available for the research community at http://mapir.isa.uma.es/work/robot-at-home-dataset .
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Aksenov, A. V., A. A. Larin und N. V. Samburov. „AN ANECHOIC CHAMBER BUILT INTO INDUSTRIAL ROOMS“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, Nr. 3 (August 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210307.
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The issues of designing anechoic chambers for antenna measurements of a certain type – em-bedded in the premises of industrial purpose are considered. The advantage of such chambers is a positive economic effect associated with both the reduction of costs for construction work, and with the possibility of joint use of auxiliary room systems in the process of operation. Known ap-proaches to the design of chambers for antenna measurements are based either on ensuring a min-imum level of aesthetics, or minimum overall dimensions. In this case, it is necessary to provide a compromise between the parameters of anechoic stability and overall dimensions while ensuring the technological accessibility of the entire usable area of the room. Aim. The aim of the work is to justify the form and geometric dimensions of the chamber. Research Methods. In the process of re-search used the methods of geometric optics. When justifying the form of the chamber, practical aspects were taken into account, namely, the common form of industrial premises and workshops, as well as the possibility of effective use of common radio-absorbing materials to cover the cham-ber from the inside. In the process of finding the optimal effective geometric dimensions, the quality functionals were assumed to be aechoic and dimensional parameters. Results. A chamber in the form of a rectangular trapezoid is optimal for embedding in industrial premises. The expressions for the geometric dimensions of the chamber, ensuring the absence of first- and second-order reflections in the working area, have been found. The optimum value of the deflection angle of the back wall of the anechoic chamber was found. Conclusion. Based on the above technique, an anechoic chamber of a compact range for antenna measurements has been realized.
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Njurumana, Nikodemus Yiwa, Muhammad Baidawi und Sri Rahayuningsih. „Analysis Of Students 'Ability To Complete The Problem Of Geometry And Building Side Rooms Based On Van Hiele Geometry Thoughts On Class IX Students Of SMP PGRI Poncokusumo Malang“. Mathematics Education Journal 3, Nr. 2 (22.01.2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/mej.v3i2.11068.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of students' level of thinking insolving geometry problems with curved side spaces based on Van Hiele's level ofgeometry thinking in class IX students of SMP PGRI Poncokusumo Malang.This research method is descriptive qualitative research. In this case the analysis of the description of the level of thinking of students in solving geometry problems arising from the curved side space based on Van Hiele's theory. The research subjects taken were grade IX students of Poncokusumo Middle School, totaling 11 students. The instruments used were test, interview and documentation instruments.The results of the geometry problem analysis test show that the curvature shows that students have improved from previous studies where at level 0 and 1 all students have been able to achieve it, for level 2 there are 2 students who have not been able and level 3 there are 3 people who did not reach this level while for level 4 there are 5 students who are unable to achieve it. Researchers hope that the teacher who will teach the material to build curved side spaces to pay attention to methods that are suitable for students so that the student learning process does not experience complexity and pay attention to the process of working on problems and drawing conclusions. To increase the level of thinking students on geometry material, build curved side spaces can use teaching aids so that students easily understand.
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Frayer, Christopher. „Geometry of Polynomials with Three Roots“. Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences 29, Nr. 2 (November 2017): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35834/mjms/1513306828.
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Kareeva, Yulia R., Vladimir N. Posokhin, Rinat G. Safiullin und Ksenia A. Bliznyakova. „Study of air jet characteristics in air-conditioned rooms“. MATEC Web of Conferences 324 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032403009.
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The research deals with supply air jets in air-conditioned rooms which have different lengths. The study was conducted according to the numerical method using the Fluent software package. Discharge conditions are equal in all cases. As a result, dependences of main kinematic and geometric jet’s characteristics (width and jet range, longitudinal velocity profiles, axial velocity, average velocity of the back flow, flow rates in the cross sections of the direct and back flows, distribution of static pressure along the length of the jet) on longitudinal constraint parameter are determined (length of room). The calculation results are presented in the form of corrections to the characteristics of a free jet, taking into account the influence of longitudinal constraint. It is found that influence of Archimede’s buoyant force on the temperature distribution along the length of non-isothermal jet is inconsequential. Dependence of dimensionless temperature on the jet axis of dimensionless length of the room of the coordinate x̄ is determined. The results can be used in calculation of airflow circulation in different purpose air-conditioned rooms.
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Sluzenski, Julia, und Timothy P. McNamara. „The organization of room geometry and object layout geometry in human memory“. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 18, Nr. 4 (03.05.2011): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0098-5.
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Hübner, P., M. Weinmann und S. Wursthorn. „VOXEL-BASED INDOOR RECONSTRUCTION FROM HOLOLENS TRIANGLE MESHES“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2020 (03.08.2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2020-79-2020.
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Abstract. Current mobile augmented reality devices are often equipped with range sensors. The Microsoft HoloLens for instance is equipped with a Time-of-Flight (ToF) range camera providing coarse triangle meshes that can be used in custom applications. We suggest to use these triangle meshes for the automatic generation of indoor models that can serve as basis for augmenting their physical counterpart with location-dependent information. In this paper, we present a novel voxel-based approach for automated indoor reconstruction from unstructured three-dimensional geometries like triangle meshes. After an initial voxelisation of the input data, rooms are detected in the resulting voxel grid by segmenting connected voxel components of ceiling candidates and extruding them downwards to find floor candidates. Semantic class labels like ’Wall’, ’Wall Opening’, ’Interior Object’ and ’Empty Interior’ are then assigned to the room voxels in-between ceiling and floor by a rule-based voxel sweep algorithm. Finally, the geometry of the detected walls and their openings is refined in voxel representation. The proposed approach is not restricted to Manhattan World scenarios and does not rely on room surfaces being planar.
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Siltanen, Samuel, Tapio Lokki, Lauri Savioja und Claus Lynge Christensen. „Geometry Reduction in Room Acoustics Modeling“. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 94, Nr. 3 (01.05.2008): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918049.
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Hu, Xuke, Hongchao Fan, Alexey Noskov, Alexander Zipf, Zhiyong Wang und Jianga Shang. „Feasibility of Using Grammars to Infer Room Semantics“. Remote Sensing 11, Nr. 13 (28.06.2019): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131535.
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Current indoor mapping approaches can detect accurate geometric information but are incapable of detecting the room type or dismiss this issue. This work investigates the feasibility of inferring the room type by using grammars based on geometric maps. Specifically, we take the research buildings at universities as examples and create a constrained attribute grammar to represent the spatial distribution characteristics of different room types as well as the topological relations among them. Based on the grammar, we propose a bottom-up approach to construct a parse forest and to infer the room type. During this process, Bayesian inference method is used to calculate the initial probability of belonging an enclosed room to a certain type given its geometric properties (e.g., area, length, and width) that are extracted from the geometric map. The approach was tested on 15 maps with 408 rooms. In 84% of cases, room types were defined correctly. It, to a certain degree, proves that grammars can benefit semantic enrichment (in particular, room type tagging).
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Koichu, Boris, und Abraham Berman. „When Do Gifted High School Students Use Geometry to Solve Geometry Problems?“ Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 16, Nr. 4 (August 2005): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4219/jsge-2005-481.
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This article describes the following phenomenon: Gifted high school students trained in solving Olympiad-style mathematics problems experienced conflict between their conceptions of effectiveness and elegance (the EEC). This phenomenon was observed while analyzing clinical task-based interviews that were conducted with three members of the Israeli team participating in the International Mathematics Olympiad. We illustrate how the conflict between the students’ conceptions of effectiveness and elegance is reflected in their geometrical problem solving, and analyze didactical and epistemological roots of the phenomenon.
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Li, Lin, Fei Su, Fan Yang, Haihong Zhu, Dalin Li, Xinkai Zuo, Feng Li, Yu Liu und Shen Ying. „Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional (3D) Indoor Interiors with Multiple Stories via Comprehensive Segmentation“. Remote Sensing 10, Nr. 8 (14.08.2018): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081281.
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The fast and stable reconstruction of building interiors from scanned point clouds has recently attracted considerable research interest. However, reconstructing long corridors and connected areas across multiple floors has emerged as a substantial challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive segmentation method for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) indoor structure with multiple stories. With this method, the over-segmentation that usually occurs in the reconstruction of long corridors in a complex indoor environment is overcome by morphologically eroding the floor space to segment rooms and by overlapping the segmented room-space with partitioned cells via extracted wall lines. Such segmentation ensures both the integrity of the room-space partitions and the geometric regularity of the rooms. For spaces across floors in a multistory building, a peak-nadir-peak strategy in the distribution of points along the z-axis is proposed in order to extract connected areas across multiple floors. A series of experimental tests while using seven real-world 3D scans and eight synthetic models of indoor environments show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
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Sluzenski, Julia, und Timothy P. McNamara. „Erratum to: The organization of room geometry and object layout geometry in human memory“. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 18, Nr. 5 (07.09.2011): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0145-2.
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Wang, Yue, Dominic K. C. Ho und Lei Huang. „Room Geometry Estimation Using the Multipath Delays“. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 28 (2021): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3091927.
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ARVANITOYEORGOS, ANDREAS. „GEOMETRY OF FLAG MANIFOLDS“. International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 03, Nr. 05n06 (September 2006): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887806001399.
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A flag manifold is a homogeneous space M = G/K, where G is a compact semisimple Lie group, and K the centralizer of a torus in G. Equivalently, M can be identified with the adjoint orbit Ad (G)w of an element w in the Lie algebra of G. We present several aspects of flag manifolds, such as their classification in terms of painted Dynkin diagrams, T-roots and G-invariant metrics, and Kähler metrics. We give a Lie-theoretic expression of the Ricci tensor in M, hence reducing the Einstein equation on flag manifolds into an algebraic system of equations, which can be solved in several cases. A flag manifold is also a complex manifold, and this dual representation as a real and a complex manifold is related to a similar property of an infinite-dimensional manifold, the loop space, which in fact can be viewed as a "universal" flag manifold.
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EDER, GÜNTHER, und GEORG SCHIEMER. „HILBERT, DUALITY, AND THE GEOMETRICAL ROOTS OF MODEL THEORY“. Review of Symbolic Logic 11, Nr. 1 (29.12.2017): 48–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020317000260.
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AbstractThe article investigates one of the key contributions to modern structural mathematics, namely Hilbert’sFoundations of Geometry(1899) and its mathematical roots in nineteenth-century projective geometry. A central innovation of Hilbert’s book was to provide semantically minded independence proofs for various fragments of Euclidean geometry, thereby contributing to the development of the model-theoretic point of view in logical theory. Though it is generally acknowledged that the development of model theory is intimately bound up with innovations in 19th century geometry (in particular, the development of non-Euclidean geometries), so far, little has been said about how exactly model-theoretic concepts grew out of methodological investigations within projective geometry. This article is supposed to fill this lacuna and investigates this geometrical prehistory of modern model theory, eventually leading up to Hilbert’sFoundations.
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Gavrilovic-Vitas, Nadezda, und Bojan Popovic. „Late antique domus in Skelani (Municipium Malvesiatium)“. Starinar, Nr. 65 (2015): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1565197g.
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During June and July 2014, at the site of Zadruzni Dom in Skelani, archaeological investigations of the late antique building were carried out, whose rooms were first discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in 2008. The building has a rectangular base, of a northeast-southwest orientation, with the discovered part measuring 20.90 x 30.90 m. What is distinguishable within the asymmetrical base is an entrance, along with eleven rooms, two of which have apses, and a peristyle, i.e. an inner courtyard with a roofed corridor surrounding it which connects all the rooms of the building. During the archaeological excavations, entrance thresholds and extremely well preserved mortar floors with mortar skirting were noted in most rooms, along with traces of fresco painting on the walls and mosaic floors, executed in the opus tesselatum technique, observed in several rooms, the peristyle and the encompassing corridor. The discovered mosaic fragments are decorated with geometric motifs in the form of a swastika, a Solomon?s knot, a square, a rhomboid, overlapping circles, etc. and floral motifs of ivy and petals, as well as a double braid motif. Small but, unfortunately, fragmented pieces of a mosaic with a figural representation were discovered in the central part of the peristyle, while the mosaic in room K was decorated with a motif portraying the winged head of Medusa. Two construction phases were noted, an older and a younger, with the walls, which were two Roman feet wide and built from dressed stone, and the older mortar floor belonging to the older construction phase, and the second, younger construction phase comprising mosaics, fresco painting, the younger mortar floor and two furnaces. Contemplating the planimetry of the building, one gets the impression of the rooms being divided between two parts - public and private, whereby the public part of the building would be located near the main entrance hall and would comprise rooms A, B, C, D and F, with mortar floors and traces of fresco painting on the walls. The other, possibly private, part of the building would include five rooms G, H, I, J and K and the inner courtyard. Rooms I, J and K had floor and wall heating, while rooms G and H had an arched apse and possibly functioned as a reception hall and/or a stibadium. The hallway with mosaics, which flanks the inner courtyard, was most likely roofed. Traces of burning in the north-western corridor testify to the destruction of the building in a fire. Based on the architectural elements and the traces of fresco painting and mosaics in the building at the site of Zadruzni Dom in Skelani, it can be deduced that this is a late antique building which can roughly be dated to the period between the end of the 3rd and the mid-4th century AD, and whose lavish decoration implies that it was owned by an affluent resident of Skelani from the aforementioned period.
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A. Lima Flores, R. Palomino-Merino, V.M. Castano und G. Espinosa. „Analysis of Indoor Radon Distribution Within a Room By Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation“. Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 7, Nr. 2 (28.02.2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72010.
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Radon gas is recognized by international organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) as the main contributor of radiation environmental to which human beings are exposed. Therefore, the evaluation of indoor radon concentration is a matter of public interest. The emanation and the income of the gas inside a room will generate a negative impact on the quality of the air when the place is not properly ventilated. Understanding how this gas will be distributed inside the room will allow to predict the spatial and temporal variations of radon levels and identify these parameters will provide important information that researchers can be used for calculate radiation dose exposure. Consequently, this studies can prevent a health risk for the people that live or work within the room. Currently, several researchers use the technique called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the distribution of gas radon, making use of the various commercial programs that exist in the market. In this work, three simulations were developed in rooms that have a similar geometry but different dimensions, in order to observe how the gas is distributed inside a closed space and to analyze how this distribution varies when the volume of the place is increased. The results show that as the volume of the site increases the radon is mitigated more rapidly and therefore has lower levels of concentration of this gas, as long as the level of radon emanation is kept constant.
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Weller, Bernhard, Stefan Reich und Jan Ebert. „Sustainable and Transparent Glass Roofs-Concept and Geometry“. IABSE Symposium Report 96, Nr. 17 (01.01.2009): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796067902.
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Baba, Youssef El, Andreas Walther und Emanuel A. P. Habets. „3D Room Geometry Inference Based on Room Impulse Response Stacks“. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 26, Nr. 5 (Mai 2018): 857–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2784298.
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Nikoohemat, S., M. Koeva, S. J. Oude Elberink und C. H. J. Lemmen. „CHANGE DETECTION FROM POINT CLOUDS TO SUPPORT INDOOR 3D CADASTRE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (19.09.2018): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-451-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Recently in The Netherlands, there are many examples of changes in the functionalities of buildings over time. Tracking these changes could be challenging when the building geometry will change as well; for example a change from administrative to residential use of the space, or merging two spaces in the building without updating the functionality. To record the changes, a common practice is to use 2D plans for subdivisions and to assign new rights, restrictions and responsibilities for the changes in a building. In the meantime, with the advances of 3D data collection techniques, the benefits of 3D models in various forms are increasingly being researched. The current work explores the opportunities of using the point clouds to establish a link between spatial changes and 3D Cadastre in indoor environments. We investigate the changes over time in the geometry of the building that can be automatically detected from point clouds to update the 3D indoor cadastre. The permanent changes (e.g., walls, rooms) are automatically distinguished by dynamic changes (e.g., human, furniture) and will be associated with the space subdivisions. Finally, the results will be linked to the spatial units in a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM).</p>
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Figueiredo Freitas Oliveira, António Manuel, und Helena Corvacho. „Application of thermal comfort assessment models to indoor areas near glazed walls – experimental evaluation“. Revista de la construcción 20, Nr. 1 (2021): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.20.1.106.
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In this paper, some of the results of an experimental study are presented. Its purpose was to better understand the impact of glazing on thermal comfort of users of indoor spaces (living and working), especially in the areas near glazed walls. Glazed elements, such as windows and glazed doors, allow visual access to the outdoor environment and the entrance of natural light and solar heat gains but they are often the cause of unwanted heat losses and gains and are disturbing elements in obtaining thermal comfort, both in global terms and in what concerns local discomfort due to radiant asymmetries and/or air draughts. Furthermore, solar radiation directly affecting users in the vicinity of glazing can also cause discomfort. These disturbances are recognized by users, both on cold winter days and on hot summer days. To assess thermal comfort or thermal neutrality of a person in a particular indoor space, it is important to know their location within that space. Thus, in order to adequately assess thermal comfort in the areas near the glazing, the indoor thermal environment must be characterized for this specific location. In this study, two indoor spaces (a classroom and an office-room) of a school building were monitored at different periods of the year. The measurements of the environmental parameters were performed both in the center of the rooms and in the areas near the glazing. Five models of thermal comfort assessment were then applied to the results, in order to compare the comfort conditions between the two studied locations and to evaluate the applicability of these models to the areas close to glazed walls. It was observed there was clearly a greater variability of comfort conditions in the vicinity of the glazed walls when compared to the center of the rooms. The application of thermal comfort assessment models to the two studied rooms was able to reveal the differences between the two compared locations within each space. It was also possible to show the effect of incoming solar radiation and the influence of the geometry of the spaces and of the ratio between glazed area and floor area by comparing the results for both spaces. The assessment model proposed by LNEC (Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering) proved to be the most adapted to Portuguese users’ habits.
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Park, Soo Yeon, und Jung-Woo Choi. „Iterative echo labeling technique for room geometry estimation“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, Nr. 3 (September 2018): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5068252.
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Antonacci, Fabio, Jason Filos, Mark R. P. Thomas, Emanuël A. P. Habets, Augusto Sarti, Patrick A. Naylor und Stefano Tubaro. „Inference of Room Geometry From Acoustic Impulse Responses“. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 20, Nr. 10 (Dezember 2012): 2683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2012.2210877.
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Utami, Sentagi S., und Mojtaba Navvab. „Simulating diffuseness with geometry variations of room surfaces.“ Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, Nr. 3 (März 2010): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3383678.
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Kalmár, Ferenc, und Tünde Kalmár. „Interrelation between mean radiant temperature and room geometry“. Energy and Buildings 55 (Dezember 2012): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.025.
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Acosta, Ignacio, Miguel Ángel Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo und Carmen Muñoz. „Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (13.11.2018): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113143.
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Daylight performance metrics provide a promising approach for the design and optimization of lighting strategies in buildings and their management. Smart controls for electric lighting can reduce power consumption and promote visual comfort using different control strategies, based on affordable technologies and low building impact. The aim of this research is to assess the energy efficiency of these smart controls by means of dynamic daylight performance metrics, to determine suitable solutions based on the geometry of the architecture and the weather conditions. The analysis considers different room dimensions, with variable window size and two mean surface reflectance values. DaySim 3.1 lighting software provides the simulations for the study, determining the necessary quantification of dynamic metrics to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed smart controls and their impact on energy efficiency. The validation of dynamic metrics is carried out by monitoring a mesh of illuminance-meters in test cells throughout one year. The results showed that, for most rooms more than 3.00 m deep, smart controls achieve worthwhile energy savings and a low payback period, regardless of weather conditions and for worst-case situations. It is also concluded that dimming systems provide a higher net present value and allow the use of smaller window size than other control solutions.
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Tamaş (Papuc), Elena Camelia, Dragoş Hera, Gianni Flamaropol und Graţiela Maria Ţârlea. „Thermal Zones Modelling for an Energy Efficient Commercial Building – Case Study“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103034.
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Our paper is referring to a commercial building having a good thermal insulation, compacted shape with three basements, from which two are for parking and technical areas in the underground, and the other floors are mainly for retail, technical rooms, offices and a terrace for walking and events. The methodology used in our building thermal zones modelling analysis is including: all used measured areas within the building; all materials related to the building envelope with high thermal efficiency values; all activities performed within the respective areas; the heating and cooling activities for each zone; the lighting and controls used for each zone; the building geometry related to the data requirements, loads, air conditioning and lighting systems areas; the building usage schedules; Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and electrical system specifications along the weather data. The building thermal zones modelling simulation was performed based on the air set point temperature, ventilation fresh air rate and the room destination. After monitoring the building along four operational years, the energy consumptions for heating and cooling systems were obtained for each thermal zone and for the entire building. Some technical measures to improve the building energy performances are proposed based on the monitoring period.
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Jamali, A., A. Abdul Rahman und P. Boguslawski. „3D TOPOLOGICAL INDOOR BUILDING MODELING INTEGRATED WITH OPEN STREET MAP“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (29.09.2016): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-111-2016.
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Considering various fields of applications for building surveying and various demands, geometry representation of a building is the most crucial aspect of a building survey. The interiors of the buildings need to be described along with the relative locations of the rooms, corridors, doors and exits in many kinds of emergency response, such as fire, bombs, smoke, and pollution. Topological representation is a challenging task within the Geography Information Science (GIS) environment, as the data structures required to express these relationships are particularly difficult to develop. Even within the Computer Aided Design (CAD) community, the structures for expressing the relationships between adjacent building parts are complex and often incomplete. In this paper, an integration of 3D topological indoor building modeling in Dual Half Edge (DHE) data structure and outdoor navigation network from Open Street Map (OSM) is presented.