Dissertationen zum Thema „Géologie sédimentaire“
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Labourdette, Richard. „La modélisation sédimentaire 3D : vers l'intégration des hétérogénéités sédimentaires dans les modèles réservoirs“. Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is presented as a compilation of articles focusing on different sedimentological heterogeneity investigation methods and modelling approaches. It highlights the need for a more efficient and effective integration of sedimentology into reservoir models, thereby optimising reservoir characterisation at different heterogeneity scales. Sedimentological knowledge is continually evolving and depends on advances in outcrop investigation and depositional process comprehension. Despite these technological evolutions, sedimentology is still perceived as too complex, with results which are often difficult to image and transfer into the reservoir characterisation workflow. Proportion cubes are presented as a derivative solution for introducing sedimentological concepts and associated uncertainties, thereby allowing their introduction at reservoir model scale. A selection of the many emergent modelling approaches, using geometrical law-based methods and stratigraphic inversion algorithms are explored. Analysis confirms that these approaches can be considered as complementary rather than in competition. It is therefore necessary to integrate the different models directly within the reservoir characterisation workflows. However, this cannot happen without similar evolution in geostatistical tools. Geostatistical and stochastic modelling have already found their way into several recent scientific endeavours. As stated in this research document, geostatistics provide the potential of a spatial integration of sedimentological heterogeneities into reservoir models. They also allow managing the uncertainties derived from sedimentological models
Moyen, Rémi. „Paramétrisation 3D de l'espace en géologie sédimentaire : le modèle GeoChron“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_MOYEN_R.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReservoir modelling requires building a volumic mesh usually adapted to faults and horizons of the domain, on which petrophysical property models are computed. The common practice consists in using stratigraphic curvilinear grids formed of hexahedral cells whose indexes (i, j, k) constitute a sampling of a " 3D parametric function (u, v,t) where (u, v) correspond to the "paleo-geographic" coordinates tangent to the horizons and (t), viewed as an analog to the geological age of the terrains, is approximately orthogonal to the horizons. These grids are suited to the property-modelling geostatistical algorithms but their topological regularity induces errors or approximations in complex fault networks or folded environments. The GeoChron model corrects these drawbacks by clearly segragating the geometry of the domain of study (modelled by an unstructured tetrahedralised mesh), the link between this geometry and the geometry of the layers at the time or deposition (thanks to a 3D parametric function (u,v,t)) and the property model (computed in a regular fine-scaled grid). After exposing the mathematical framework of this model which emphasises the similarity with time stratigraphic (or Wheeler) diagrams used in sedimentology, we show two practical ways of building such a parameterisation and their implementation in the GOCAD geomodelling software. Then we show how the (t) component of the parametric function can be used to automatically compute a geometric estimate of the throw vector in any point of a fault surface. Finally, we present Borne applications concerning petrophysical property modelling, deformation estimation or seismic data integration
Huynh, Cong Hoai. „Modélisation du transport sédimentaire : application au littoral vietnamien“. Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT014H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarrigues, Philippe. „Origine et évolution de séries de composés aromatiques dans l'environnement sédimentaire“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10632.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorgniet, Laurent. „Modélisation de la dynamique d'un système sédimentaire : le littoral de Huelva (Andalousie)“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10132.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaille, Isabelle. „Modélisation bidimensionnelle de la genèse et de la migration des hydrocarbures dans un bassin sédimentaire“. Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Hua. „Dynamique sédimentaire, structuration et houillification dans le bassin houiller stéphanien des Cévennes“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVicaire, Olivier. „Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire en Mer du Nord méridionale : du Cap Blanc-Nez à la frontière belge“. Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGourronc, Marine. „Morphologie et remplissage sédimentaire des vallées martiennes : marqueurs des conditions climatiques pré-amazoniennes“. Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays Mars has a cold and dry climate. At some locations its surface is more than 3. 5 Gy old and exhibits valleys, channels, terraces and deltas attesting the occurrence of liquid water in the past. This fluid is currently unstable on the surface of the planet, suggesting these morphologies would involve different climatic conditions from the current ones. What did early Martian climate look like? lt is one of the main issues regarding this planet. Among the geomorphological evidence classically used to reconstruct past climates, Martian valleys are numerous and heterogeneously distributed thus particularly attractive to study. Their morphologies can inform on the climatic conditions prevailing at the time of their formation and/or later during their evolution. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to solve the enigma concerning Martian pre-Amazonian (> 3. 5 Gy) climatic conditions by focusing on the study of equatorial valleys and the equatorial canyon of Valles Marineris. Our study reveals that the morphometry and spatial organization of some Martian valleys differ significantly from those of common terrestrial fluvial and sapping valleys. By contrast, they share a lot of similarities with terrestrial subglacial tunnel valleys. The subglacial or pro- glacial melting of surface ice deposits is plausible as an origin of some Martian valleys under cold climatic conditions. Moreover, regional geomorphological reconstitutions of Valles Marineris reveal that this valley system had witnessed glacial processes since its formation. Current glacial relicts of this former filling, probably several billion years old, still subsist protected under a debris cover. This study suggests the possibility that pre-Amazonian atmospheric conditions on Mars do not require to be significantly different from the current ones
Lacquement, Frédéric. „Déformation progressive d'un prisme sédimentaire pré-structuré : de l'affleurement au modèle de chaîne l'Ardenne Varisque“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-416-417.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCes failles synsedimentaires controlent la distribution et la nature lithologique des corps sedimentaires du paleozoique superieur. La serie du paleozoique superieur est heterogene et dominee par des lithologies incompetentes ; elle comporte de multiples niveaux de decollements, epais et interstratifies entre les ensembles de nature competente. Un modele geometrique de plissement a pu etre etabli pour ce type de serie ; il correspond a un pli de decollement. Le mecanisme de plissement associe a cette structure est etroitement lie a la geometrie et la nature des corps sedimentaires. Le plissement des ensembles competents s'effectue autour de zones de charnieres fixes par la rotation des flancs, alors que les ensembles incompetents accommodent les variations de geometrie entre deux ensembles competents par fluage et localisent les niveaux de decollements. A l'echelle de la carte geologique, l'etude cinematique des deformations couplee a l'interpretation des profils sismiques et des sondages profonds a demontre l'existence de zones transpressives dextres de direction nw-se. Ces zones sont a l'origine de la forme arquee de la chaine varisque et sont localisees au droit de discontinuites synsedimentaires de direction nw-se, mettant ainsi en evidence l'importance de l'heritage extensif du siluro-devonien lors de la phase compressive varisque
Boudet, Laurie. „Modélisation du transport sédimentaire lié aux crues et aux tempêtes à l'embouchure du Rhône“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe coastline of the Rhône delta (Mediterranean Sea, south of France) is in degradation since several decades. A numerical high-resolution hydrosedimentary modelling (Delft3D) was applied for the first time to this area, in order to understand the processes that control the poor redistribution of sediments. A particular attention was paid to storm and flood events that are the main morphological forcings. Different wave and river flow conditions have been tested, showing the coupled hazard induces a morphosedimentary equilibrium which controls the dynamic of the mouth-bar, sediment inputs from a flood to the sea and the processes of wave blocking and hydraulic groyne effect. Sediment transfer to the beaches is controlled by waves but fed by the riverine sediment. The transfer between the lobe and the adjacent coastlines is discontinuous in time, with zone of temporary deposition (zone relais) located on the flanks of the underwater levees. Finally, the role of the morphology on currents was studied by simulating events effectively observed on a reconstructed bathymetric grid of 1955. These scenarios highlight that the shorter distance from mouth-bar to the coast, its depth and the absence of sandy mouth spit at the outlet favoured the transfer of riverine sediments to the open sea. At the same time, stronger currents in the channel permitted higher sedimentary inputs and improved the feeding of the beaches compared to nowadays.This work demonstrates the importance of the organization of coupled hazard (storm and flood) on sediment transport on a deltaic area and potentially the morphology of the mouth based on the equilibrium between river and marine dynamics
Poizot, Emmanuel. „La dynamique sédimentaire au travers de la géostatistique et des systèmes d’informations géographiques“. Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHlavaty, Antoine. „Géologie sédimentaire et diagénèse précoce de la brèche carbonatée de Ville-Guay, Cambrien, région de Québec“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Ville-Guay carbonate breccia is a member of the Lauzon Formation (Quebec City area, upper Cambrian). It reaches a maximum thickness of 10 meters and a lateral extension of several kilometers. Until recently, this breccia has been interpreted as having been triggered by tectonic instability which resulted in submarine landslides from the continental slope. However, this interpretation does not explain the field relationships and the heterogeneous composition of the Ville-Guay carbonate breccia. The objective of this research is to document and interpret this lithostratigraphic set contemporary with the spreading of the Iapetus Ocean during the Cambrian. Four main localities (stratotype Ville-Guay, three locations on the Orleans Island) and seven secondary localities were identified, characterized and sampled. A total of 60 meters of stratigraphic sections was measured with a centimeter resolution and 100 samples were collected. 60 of these samples were selected for petrographic analysis (thin sections). The Ville-Guay carbonate breccia is a polymict and polymodal breccia. The clasts are in point contact and reach a maximum diameter of 2 meters (the average diameter is 10 cm). The matrix is argillaceous-silty, calcareous and dolomitic. Some clasts are exposed at the top of the breccia and sometimes covered by a layer of turbidite. There is no significant internal organization of the clasts in the bench. The breccia is formed of a stack of hectometric width channels. The components have highly variable facies: sponge-spicule wackestone, mudstone, bio-lithoclastic packstone, packstone (trilobites), reef debris grainstone and rudstone, calcimicrobes-rich reef boundstone (Renalcis, Epiphyton, Girvanella, Hedstroemia), ooids grainstone, lithoclastic grainstone. These facies can be integrated in a distal-proximal direction and cover all the different stages of a Cambrian carbonate platform model. These elements suggest that the formation of Ville-Guay carbonate breccia is associated with the development of tilted blocks during the opening of the Iapetus Ocean, with oblique listric faults deeply cutting into the platform. The inclination of the blocks created the space to focus the debris flow and enhance clasts mixing. The deposit center of these mass flows migrates over time indicating a widening of the basin.
Henniche, Messaouda. „Architecture et modèle de dépôts d'une série sédimentaire paléozoi͏̈que en contexte cratonique“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaillard, Marc. „Evolution tectono-sédimentaire du fossé de Sault et du Bassin de Montbrun-les-Bains, durant l'oligocène (Vaucluse-Drôme)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11390.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFilizola, Naziano. „Transfert sédimentaire actuel par les fleuves amazoniens“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaval, François. „Les flyschs nord-maghrébins dans les régions kabyles d'Algérie : dynamique sédimentaire et tectonique“. Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaltzer, Agnès. „Dynamique sédimentaire des marges de nouvelle Ecosse et des entreés de la Manche au quaternaire“. Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVah, Melanie. „Transport sédimentaire induit par un courant : effet du disponible sédimentaire“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH14/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe amount of sand that can be mobilized on a sedimentary bed or sediment supply, has an important impact on the bed morphodynamics. There are many coastal areas subjected to the limitation of sediment that can play a significant role in the erosion-accretion processes of beaches or can impact human activities.The impact of sediment supply on the morphodynamics of a sedimentary bed subjected to a current is experimentally studied in a current flume. The flow velocity is such that the bottom shear stress is higher than the critical shear stress for sediment threshold. The temporal evolution of ripple wavelength shows a significant dependence with the sediment supply. It is the same with parameters such as the height or the wavelength of the bedforms at equilibrium. A re-analysis of field data from Ferret 2011 is performed and the obtained results for the bedform migration velocity are compared with the experimental results. The influence of the sediment bedload transport and the migration velocity with the sediment supply can be modeled by the addition of a factor depending on the fraction of the bottom covered with movable sediment. The impact of the sediment supply on the sediment threshold is also experimentally studied with different roughness for the immobile bottom. Two methods of detection of the sediment threshold are developed in order to automate the acquisition and process as much as possible. The impact of the bottom roughness and the sediment supply on the sediment threshold for homogeneous, weakly heterogeneous and shellfish sediment is experimentally studied
Le, Coz Jérôme. „Fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire des bras morts de rivière alluviale“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jlcoz.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD work is focused on ordinary hydro-sedimentary processes in channels abandoned by alluvial rivers. Generally indeed, the permanence of ecological restoring operations depends on the hydrosedimentary impact of frequent and intermediate floods. The complex spatial structure and temporal dynamics of flows in the abandoned channel outlet during downstream connections were investigated through a field case (Port-Galland, Ain river) and a physical model (Morava river, Slovakia). For each case innovating experimental methods were used and the analysis was supported by bidimensional hydrodynamical modelling (Rubar20TS code). Several contrasted abandoned channels have been monitored and their hydro-sedimentary behaviour during floods was studied experimentally and numerically : fine sediment settling in the Table-Ronde former channel (Rhône river) ; upstream/downstream connection of the narrow Ricotti channel and of the Le Planet former meander, both part of the Blyes experimental site (Ain river). Through 1D and 2D numerical simulations, sediment routing and exchange were analyzed according to hydro-sedimentary forcing (flood sequence) and to the configuration of abandoned channels
Blanpain, Olivier. „Dynamique sédimentaire multiclasse : de l'étude des processus à la modélisation en Manche“. Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this work is the implementation of a sediment transport model in the English Channel. The design of such a model requires the identification of the physical processes, their modelling and their in-situ validation. Because of the sedimentary particularities of the study area, modelling of the mechanical behaviour of a non uniform mixture of sediments and particularly of the fine grains within a coarse matrix is required. This study focused on the characterization of the relevant processes by acquisition of experimental and in-situ data. Data acquired in hydro-sedimentary conditions comparable to those found in the English Channel are scarce. A new instrument and image processing technique were specifically conceived and implemented in-situ to observe and measure, with a high temporal resolution, the dynamics of a strongly heterogeneous mixture of particles in a grain-size scale. The data collected compared well with several existing formulations. One of these formulations was chosen to be adapted. The transfer dynamics of fine grains in coarse sediments and their depth of penetration were acquired from stratigraphic samples. The sediment transport model deals with multisize grains and multi sedimentary layers, it is forced by swell and currents, and accounts for beadload and suspended load transports. It was applied to realistic scenarios for the English Channel
Oliveira, Marinho Marta de. „Le plateau marginal de Guinée : évolution sédimentaire de la marge guinéenne du crétacé supérieur à l'actuel (d'après les données sismiques)“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrtuno, Arzate Felipe. „Evolution sédimentaire mésozoïque du bassin rift de Chihuahua le long d'une transversale Aldama-Ojinaga (Mexique) : implications géodynamiques“. Pau, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PAUU1021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrasso, Florent. „Modélisation physique de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire des plages“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAThis study investigates the morphological changes of cross-shore beach profiles for irregular waves. It is based on physical modeling carried out in the LEGI flume (36 m). The originality lies in the use of lightweight sediment in order to fulfill scaling laws and obtain experimental beach profiles in similitude with the ones observed in nature. The concept of equilibrium beach profile for a given wave climate is verified and the Wright and Short (1984)'s classification is refined for intermediate Dean numbers (1 <= Ω <= 5). We find that wave characteristics are similar for similar beach profiles, that is, with the same Dean number. Sedimentary bar formation and migration are studied for steady wave climates and storm events. Evolutions of shoreface nourishments under storm events are also simulated. The analysis focuses on the morphological, hydrodynamic, and sedimentological beach responses. The sediment transport associated to morphological beach changes is evaluated and discussed in regard to the wave and sediment characteristics. The wave non-linearity effects on the direction and intensity of sediment fluxes is highlighted
Grasso, Florent. „Modélisation physique de la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire des plages“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalloum, Mohamad Ali. „Analyse et modélisation stratigraphique du bassin sédimentaire onshore du Liban“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2022_0098_SALLOUM.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the last decade, important oil discoveries have been reported offshore Lebanon in the eastern Mediterranean waters. Numerous offshore geological studies (Levant Basin) with seismic acquisitions (2D and 3D) have revealed hydrocarbon reservoirs of Miocene age and suggest promising exploration prospects. In addition, petroleum system modeling has been carried out on the scale of the entire region and shows that the Triassic-Jurassic formations are potential source rocks that have reached thermal maturity due to strong tectonic control at certain periods. While these formations have been extensively studied in the Middle East (Syria, Jordan, ...) and have allowed highlighting their petroleum potential, the Lebanese onshore area has been little studied. The complete stratigraphic approach and the analysis of the Lebanese onshore sedimentary basin are still lacking in some aspects, not allowing to define perfectly the role of tectonics on the geometry, the nature, and the timing of sedimentary and diagenetic events.The objective of this thesis is to characterize the geometry of the sedimentary deposits of the onshore basin and to explain the tectonic control on its' stratigraphic record. A set of geological data from the literature on the region (depth settings, stratigraphy, etc.) is synthesized in a 3D geological modeler (SKUA-GoCad®). From these geo-modeled data, an interpretative approach allows to visualize: i) the sedimentary deposits of the Lebanese basin; ii) the major tectonic structures controlling this basin; iii) the major erosion surfaces and iv) the potential oil traps as elements of petroleum systems. This approach allows then to generate tectonic subsidence curves of the sedimentary basin in the Lebanese onshore and part of the offshore (using PetroMod®) and to interpret them. The results describe the relationships between sedimentation and tectonic evolution at the regional scale of Lebanon, define the major faults that controlled the sedimentary record, identify some key phases during the geodynamic evolution and thus trace the tectonic history of the country.From a regional to a more local scale, this thesis focuses on a fault set having a controlling role on the sedimentary record, by studying one of them in the Nahr Ibrahim area. This work focuses on the early Mesozoic (Jurassic) period present in the Lebanese territory and a little-studied structural system that affects it: the NE-SW Mesozoic normal fault system reactivated during the structuring of the Levantine Fault System. In order to characterize the tectonic control of these faults on sedimentation (geometry and diagenesis), a field study was carried out in the Nahr Ibrahim region, with a sedimentary, geochemical and diagenetic approach. Thus, three stratigraphic sections in the Kesrouane Formation (Jurassic) are presented. A study of the facies and of the diagenesis allows to identify the variations of environments, then the main diagenetic phases that this Jurassic formation underwent. Using a chemo-stratigraphic approach (strontium isotopes in particular), a calibration by absolute ages is proposed which allows the correlation of the stratigraphic sections and highlights a vertical rejection of the regional Nahr Ibrahim fault of about 800 m. The results highlight the important role of these faults in the control of Jurassic sedimentation, the geometric structuring of the Mesozoic formations, and their potential role in diagenesis. Also, this local approach has allowed us to revisit and improve the regional 3D model by considering the major role of these reactivated NE-SW faults (800m fault vertical offset) affecting the stratigraphy
Bouchez, Julien. „Relations entre dynamique sédimentaire et altération dans les grandes fleuves : exemple de l'Amazone“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRivers transport the residual products of continental weathering, that display a large range of grain size, mineralogical and chemical compositions. These grains are sorted within the river channel during transport to the ocean. The Amazon Basin main tributaries have been sampled along depth-profiles, at various lateral positions. In the dissolved phase, lateral heterogeneities of major species and strontium isotopic composition, along with constraints on turbulent mixing, I suggest that most large rivers are not well-mixed regarding their different tributaries. At ail sites, suspended matter concentration significantly increases with depth. Chemical and isotopic compositions of suspended matter also vary I greatly with depth. A new classification of chemical elements, following their behaviour with respect to sorting and I weathering, is proposed. Comparison of the chemical composition, along the whole grain size range, ofr Amazon sediments between the outlet of the Andes and the river mouths, suggests relatively low weathering intensities during transfer of sediments through the floodplain. Finally, using organic carbon content and 14C activity measurements, we I demonstrate that fossil organic carbon oxidation during transfer through the floodplain results in a significant input of 1 CO2 in the atmosphere, nearly countering silicate weathering at the basin scale
Louly, Mohamed-Salem. „Deux modèles mathématiques de l'évolution d'un bassin sédimentaire : Phénomènes d'érosion-sédimentation-transport en géologie. : Application en prospection pétrolière“. Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437343.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOkitaudji-Lokoho, René. „Géologie sédimentaire et concentration syndiagénétique du cuivre et du cobalt dans la "série des mines" du Shaba, Zaïre“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDdani, Mohamed. „Origine de la diversité de minéraux smectitiques des bentonites dans un contexte volcanique et volcano-sédimentaire : Rif Nord Oriental (Maroc)“. Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2325.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA great number of bentonite deposits have been discovered around the Gourougou vocanic massif (northeastern Morocco). Some of them have been formed by hydrothermal alteration (Providencia, Tribia) while the others are formed in marine, lagoonal or lacustrine environments (Ibourhardayn, Moulay Rachid, Melg el Ouidan). The crystallochemical properties of the smectites vary with the alteration conditions (temperature, composition of the fluids). Beidellites are formed in hydrothermal conditions while montmorillonite is formed in sea water of fresh water. The bentonite formed by the alteration of pyroclastic deposits in the vicinity of the volcano are composed of a beidelle-montmorillonite mixture. The formation of beidellite or montmorillonite is controlled by the amount of magnesium available in the alteration system (volcanic glass and solutions). The beidellites are formed in open hydrothermal systems where the solutions are strongly Mg-depleted. The Mg content of the volcanic glass decreases by leaching leading to the precipitation of an Al-rich smectite. On the opposite, the montmorillonites are formed in closed systems. The magnesium provided either by the solution (sea water) or by the volcanic glass itself is incorporated in the neoformed smectites. Consequently, different bentonite types may derive from similar rhyolitic glass according to the local alteration conditions. The rheological properties do not depend directly from the beidellite or montmorillonite crystal structure of the smectites. Other parameters such as the presence of salts and the interlayer cations are more important
Corbau, Corinne. „Dynamique sédimentaire en domaine macrotidal : exemple du littoral du Nord de la France (Dunkerque)“. Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePascal, Frédéric. „Minéralogie, géochimie et dynamique sédimentaire des carbonates actuels et récents du bassin des Loyauté (Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique sud-ouest)“. Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoussiez, Vincent. „Les éléments métalliques : TRaceurs de la pression anthropique et du fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire du glofe du Lion“. Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0765.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe coastal zone of the Gulf of Lions is one of the most important Mediterranean shelves. It is exposed to numerous particulate sources, in particular the rivers draining the surrounding catchments and the direct atmospheric fallout. These solid discharges bring natural particles but also contaminated ones to the marine system where they follow a complex sedimentary dynamics highly dependent on hydro-meteorological conditions. Improving our knowledge on this dynamics will help to better understand the fate, and hence, the impact of contaminated particles in the coastal environment. To do so, we proposed to use particulate metals as tracers of the particle dynamics. First, the sedimentary functioning of the Gulf of Lions has been highlighted in global terms. Second, the environmental quality of the study area could be evaluated. It is concluded, on the basis of regional background levels, that the coastal zone is poorly to moderately impacted by human activities. Contaminants accumulate within the prodeltas after floods, and a part of them can be further flushed in association with fine materials. Off-shore, the persistence of the contamination strongly depends on elemental behaviours with respect to diagenetic processes and hydrodynamic disturbances. In terms of budget, it is shown that the Gulf of Lions is a sink for particulate metals - on the basis of mean input and output particulate fluxes. About 50 % of the metals introduced in the coastal waters (by fluviatile and atmospheric sources) may leave the shelf, towards the open sea and deep ecosystems
Mesquita, Barros Carlos Eduardo de. „Pétrologie et structure du Complexe Granitique Estrela (2. 5 Ga) et de son encaissant métavolcano-sédimentaire (Province Métallifère de Carajas, Brésil)“. Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0190_DE_MESQUITA_BARROS.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeyed, Seraji Mir Hassan. „Etude du transport sédimentaire associé au phénomène de chasse d'un barrage“. Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrossier, Benoît. „Dynamique sédimentaire riveraine des lacs boréaux de petite taille, Radisson, Québec“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18823.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOyede, Lucien Marc. „Dynamique sédimentaire actuelle et messages enregistrés dans les séquences quaternaires et néogènes du domaine margino-littoral du Bénin (Afrique de l'Ouest)“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCastelltort, Sébastien. „Origine et modification des cycles stratigraphiques à haute-fréquence (10's à 100's ka). Rôle des déformations courte longueur d'onde et modélisation du comportement des systèmes fluviatiles“. Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003936v2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRodrigues, Stéphane. „Dynamique sédimentaire et végétation : évolution de chenaux fluviatiles en Loire moyenne (France)“. Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrological and sedimentological investigations were carried out on a vegetated secondary channel of the Loire River (Bréhémont, France). Sediment dynamics is important in the upstream part of the channel while an asymmetrical behaviour is noted in the downstream part : sediment by-passing in the bare areas contrasts with particle retention in the vegetated parts. Locally, flow velocities, directions and sediment deposition are influenced by vegetation. Models of evolution are discussed. During moderate floods, reduced redistributions indicate poor sedimentary supply from the mean channel. During intense floods (1) high quantities of sediments delivered by the mean channel allows the feeding of riffles and bars, (2) vegetation bands influence flow velocities and directions. Deposition and retention of sediment are induced by these bands while erosion is important in their periphery. Accretion in the vegetated areas exerts a feedback control on flow and sediment transport
Jorand, Cédric. „Modélisation expérimentale de la fracturation d'un milieu sédimentaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00153613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous avons développé une technique originale d'une telle modélisation, basée sur un nouveau matériau Crack1 à l'échelle physique par rapport à une roche réservoir typique: le calcaire. Un programme étendu d'expérimentation avec les modèles de Crack1 a été réalisé avec un dispositif de chargement poly-tridimensionnel. Ce dispositif combine à la fois la simplicité et l'efficacité des solutions réalisées pour la réduction et l'élimination complète de la friction aux bords des modèles. Les résultats principaux peuvent être résumés de la façon suivante:
1.Des réseaux de diaclases ont été reproduits pour la première fois dans des conditions de chargement homogènes.
2.Les diaclases se forment, dans nos expériences, sous une compression triaxiale. Elles ne sont donc pas des fractures en Mode I.
3.Les figures fractographiques visibles sur les surfaces des diaclases naturelles et celles obtenues dans les modèles sont très similaires, ce qui suggère que la similarité physique est assurée pas seulement à macro-échelle, mais aussi à micro-échelle.
4.L'espacement S entre les diaclases ne dépend pas de l'épaisseur du modèle , contrairement au concept de « saturation » largement adopté dans la littérature et les modèles de réservoirs. Il a été démontré que S est contrôlé par l'état des contraintes imposé et la déformation accumulée du modèle.
5.Nous avons pu également reproduire dans des modèles les couloirs fracturés dont la formation est contrôlée par la rigidité des contacts aux limites de l'unité mécanique affectée par la fracturation.
6.L'augmentation de la pression moyenne appliquée au modèle résulte en un changement du style de la fracturation, qui évolue de manière continue des diaclases vers des fractures «obliques » conjuguées.
7.L'analyse des conditions de cette transition à partir de la théorie de la bifurcation de la déformation montre qu'elle est associée à la réduction du facteur de dilatance β de Crack1 avec l'augmentation de la pression p (ce type de dépendance β (p) est également connu pour les roches réelles).
Les résultats obtenus confirment donc que les lois constitutives contrôlent directement la fracturation. Des études expérimentales plus larges doivent désormais être menées pour contraindre ces lois dans toute leur complexité et avec une précision nécessaire.
Rat, Juliette. „Evolution du contenu sédimentaire détritique au cours d'un cycle orogénique“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface processes changes resulting from tectonics and climate interactions are potentially preserved by the sedimentary record. Here we focus on the North Iberian plate, which records each phases of the alpin cycle. In order to study the detrital content evolution from rifting to mountain formation we use a combination of low temperature thermochronometers. First, results allow us to constrain the tectono-thermal and detrital histories of the Cameros inverted mesozoic rift basin over 100 Ma. Then, new thermochronological, petrological and geochronological data lead us to extend this observation at the Ebro basin regional scale and to explore the detrital thermochronology potential bias on the source signal. Finally, these results are integrated into a reconstruction proposal of the Iberian paleogeography, from the Oxfordian to the late Miocene
Landrein, Philippe. „Fonctionnement sédimentaire et diagenèse d'une plate-forme carbonatée isolée du Crétacé supérieur : la zone de Gavrovo-Tripolitza (Grèce)“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLobaev, Vladimir. „Caractéristiques minéralogiques et géochimiques du bassin sédimentaire mésoprotérozoique de Pasha - Ladoga et de son socle (Bouclier Balte, Russie). Implications pour la génèse des gisements d'uranium de type discordance“. Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0005_LOBAEV.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mineralogy and the geochemistry of the Mesoproterozoic (Riphean) Pasha-Ladoga volcanic - sedimentary intracontinental clastic basin (Russian Karelia), associated uranium mineralization and underlying basement lithologies have been characterized and compared with those of highly mineralized districts having similar age and lithologic associations. The clastic sediments appear much more immature than highly mineralized basins of the Athabasca (Canada) and Kombolgie (Northern Australia). However, large-scale fluid circulation has been evidenced in the Archean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and Mesoproterozoic rapakivi granites of the basement and in the overlying clastic sediments of the Pasha - Ladoga area, where the Karku unconformity related uranium deposit has been discovered. These fluid circulations are related to zircon alteration and to a lesser degree to monazite at the regional scale and essentially with a Fe-chlorite and carbonate alteration assemblage produced in the mineralized districts
Moulouel, Hakim. „Caractérisation cartographique d'une différenciation verticale et horizontale de la déformation : application à la couverture sédimentaire de la plate-forme ardennaise“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Western Ardennes Paleozoic massif forms the primordial exposure of the Variscan deformation front in Northern France. It includes folded and thrusted units composed of non metamorphic to epi-metamorphic rocks of mostly Devonian-Carboniferous age. Along a Western Ardennes transect imaged by the M146 seismic profile, the thrust front is characterized by a major crustal scale south-dipping thrust zone whose emergence corresponds to the c1assical "Midi" thrust zone. The latter induces the thrusting of the Ardennes-Avesnois fold-and-thrust belt onto the dismembered molassic Namurian-Westphalian coal-bearing foreland basin and its Brabant-type substratum. The main Ardennes basal thrust accommodates a significant part of the motion occuring during a late out-ofsequence event. South of this main thrust, Avesnois area display second order thrust-related folds with a general ENE-WSW trend and a NNW vergence. These structures involve a strongly heterogeneous Iithological sequence. The induced rheological contrasts strongly control the deformation style. New cartographic and structural studies, mainly carried out in the Famennian sequences, allowed us to precise the geometry and kinematics of the fold-thrust structures. As a whole, these data indicate (1) that the thick Incompetent Famennian layers acted as a distributed complex décollement-zone decoupling shortening between the Mid-Devonian and Dinantian layers, (2) that the geometrical folding model demonstrated above early synsedimentary discontinuities corresponds to disharmonic fold types. the folding in the post-Lower Famennian levels occurred by flank rotation around fixed hinge zones. For the lower-Famennian incompetent levels, shortening is accommodated by the presence of several fold hinges in folds hinge zone and by buckling. (3) that the foreland-directed thrust related folds were lately deformed by backwards thrusting, highlighting the overall difficulty of the forward propagation of the thrust front onto the Brabant foreland
Aloïsi, Jean-Claude. „Sur un modèle de sédimentation deltaique : contribution à la connaissance des marges passives“. Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChauchat, Julien. „Contribution à la modélisation diphasique du transport sédimentaire en milieux côtiers et estuariens“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173387.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEn terme de résultats, nous montrons que l'approche développée est capable de reproduire quantitativement les principaux processus mis en jeu dans le transport sédimentaire de particules non cohésives : la sédimentation et la dispersion turbulente des particules en milieu dilué. Le modèle développé confirme l'existence d'une différence de vitesse horizontale entre les particules et l'eau. Il simule les effets de dispersion des particules par le mouvement turbulent du fluide et l'atténuation de l'énergie cinétique turbulente du fluide due à la présence des particules. Une autre originalité de ce travail est de proposer un modèle diphasique à surface libre, bidimensionnel vertical, pour la simulation du transport sédimentaire. Nous avons identifié des lacunes entre les théories et les expériences notamment pour la simulation de la turbulence en écoulement dense. Nous proposons des solutions pour améliorer la simulation du comportement de matériaux cohésifs. Une tentative de simulation hydrosédimentaire sur l'estuaire de la Seine est présentée. Le phénomène de bouchon vaseux est qualitativement reproduit par le modèle sans qu'aucune loi d'érosion ou de dépôt ne soit imposée.
Hebting, Yanek. „Elucidation de mécanismes de réduction de la matière organique sédimentaire : Nouveaux aspects de la chimie des sulfures“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCaron, Kathia. „Étude volcano-sédimentaire de la zone de transition sommitale du Groupe de Hunter Mine et de la partie basale du Groupe de Stoughton-Roquemaure, Abitibi, Québec“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ55557.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuesne, Hervé. „Evolution sédimentaire et paléostructurale du mésozoïque dans la partie méridionale du bassin d'Estrémadure (Portugal)“. Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCapo, Sylvain. „Hydrodynamique et dynamique sédimentaire en milieu tropical de mangrove, observations et modélisation de l'estuaire du Konkouré, République de Guinée“. Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13184.
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