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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Geographic divisions“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Geographic divisions"
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Sayadyan, Hamik, und Ashot Gevorgyan. „A geographic and urban planning view of military administrative divisions“. Multidisciplinary Reviews 6, Nr. 3 (15.08.2023): 2023022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023022.
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The following issues are discussed in this article: military-geographic regionalization questions, the relationship between the Earth's surface and the geographic sphere, two main types of divisions - physio-geographic territorial and economic-territorial divisions, the administrative-territorial division of different states, and the problem of complex physical-geographical zoning differentiation objectively through the existing natural-territorial complex of different ranks and varying degrees of complexity. By examining the military-administrative divisions of the US and Russian Federation, both past and present, it is concluded that these divisions are based on geographic-territorial considerations, encompassing continents, states, and interior administrative area boundaries. These divisions facilitate the optimal command and control of troops. The joint staff of the armed forces, responsible for strategic territorial division into different commands, considers and analyzes various components of the geographical background during the initial phase of combat operations, providing strategic advantages for regional commands in the theatre of military operations. This approach forms the basis for the efficient utilization of different types of forces.
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Lawrence, W. Svenson, G. Howard Platt und E. Woodhead Sheena. „Geographic Variations in the Prevalence Rates of Parkinson’s Disease in Alberta“. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, Nr. 4 (November 1993): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100048228.
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ABSTRACT:Parkinson’s disease prevalence rates were examined for the Province of Alberta by age, sex and census division. Using the claims administrative data from the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan, a cohort of all registered individuals (2.4 million) was extracted and followed for the five year period, April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1989. No new members were added to the cohort and an attrition rate averaging 6% per year was observed. The overall crude prevalence rates of 248.9 and 239.8 per 100,000 population were noted for males and females respectively. Both sexes were found to have a statistically significant variation across Alberta’s 19 census divisions. For males, examination of standardized morbidity ratios found a low risk of Parkinson’s disease associated with five census divisions, of which two contained Alberta’s two largest cities. An excess risk was associated with four primarily rural census divisions. Females, on the other hand, had a low risk associated with one rural census division and excess risk in four census divisions. The uneven distribution within Alberta offers support for an environmental theory of etiology which may be associated with rural living.
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Wang, Shu, Xueying Zhang, Peng Ye, Mi Du, Yanxu Lu und Haonan Xue. „Geographic Knowledge Graph (GeoKG): A Formalized Geographic Knowledge Representation“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, Nr. 4 (08.04.2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040184.
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Formalized knowledge representation is the foundation of Big Data computing, mining and visualization. Current knowledge representations regard information as items linked to relevant objects or concepts by tree or graph structures. However, geographic knowledge differs from general knowledge, which is more focused on temporal, spatial, and changing knowledge. Thus, discrete knowledge items are difficult to represent geographic states, evolutions, and mechanisms, e.g., the processes of a storm “{9:30-60 mm-precipitation}-{12:00-80 mm-precipitation}-…”. The underlying problem is the constructors of the logic foundation (ALC description language) of current geographic knowledge representations, which cannot provide these descriptions. To address this issue, this study designed a formalized geographic knowledge representation called GeoKG and supplemented the constructors of the ALC description language. Then, an evolution case of administrative divisions of Nanjing was represented with the GeoKG. In order to evaluate the capabilities of our formalized model, two knowledge graphs were constructed by using the GeoKG and the YAGO by using the administrative division case. Then, a set of geographic questions were defined and translated into queries. The query results have shown that GeoKG results are more accurate and complete than the YAGO’s with the enhancing state information. Additionally, the user evaluation verified these improvements, which indicates it is a promising powerful model for geographic knowledge representation.
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Pathak, J. „Effects of geography on risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among commercially insured children and youth in the US“. European Psychiatry 66, S1 (März 2023): S97—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.281.
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IntroductionTo study the effects of geography on risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among commercially insured children and youth in the USEffects of geography on risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among commercially insured children and youth in the USObjectivesFew studies have examined the impact of geography on risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). This study used a national representative sample to study how geography may influence the relationships of risk factors for SI and SA in commercially insured children and youth.MethodsThe sample was a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 124,424 patients <25 years using commercial claims from four major insurance companies (Aetna, Humana, Kaiser Permanente, and UnitedHealthcare) in the US. The index visit was a mental health or substance use (MH/SUD) outpatient encounter between January 2014 and June 2015. SI and SA were defined by having an ICD-9 diagnosis code within one year after the index visit. Risk factors in the models were demographic and clinical risk factors, including prior psychiatric diagnoses, prescriptions, and healthcare services utilization. Patients’ geographic regions were assigned to one of the nine divisions defined by the US Census Bureau. We used survival analysis to evaluate the effects of geography on risk factors for SI and SA.ResultsAt each follow-up time period (post 7-, 30-, 90-, 180-, and 365-day), rates of SI and SA varied by geographic division (p<0.001). The Mountain Division consistently had the highest rates for both SI and SA (5.44%-10.26% for SI; 0.70%-2.82% for SA). Having MH emergency department (ED) visits in the past year increased the hazard ratio of SI by 28%-65% for children and youth residing in the New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, and East South Central Divisions. The main effects of geographic divisions were significant for SA (p<0.001). Risk of SA was lower in New England, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Pacific (HRs=0.57, 0.51, 0.67, and 0.79, respectively) and higher in the Mountain Division (HR=1.46).ConclusionsChildren and youth residing in the Mountain Division had the highest prevalence of SI and SA and the highest risk of SI after having MH ED visits. Studies of indicators of access to MH ED care and other social determinants of health may clarify the reasons for SI and SA geographic differences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Madudova, Emilia, Tatiana Čorejova und Marek Valica. „Economic Sustainability in a Wider Context: Case Study of Considerable ICT Sector Sub-Divisions“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 7 (18.07.2018): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072511.
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This paper situates the process of economic sustainability in the wider context of regional specialization and geographic concentration. The main object is to analyze the implications of increasing importance of sustainable development. In this context, the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is at the same time a part of the problem and solution. The focus of this paper is also the ICT firms themselves. This research aimed to explore the ICT firms operating in the ICT sector and focused more on the ICT firms’ sustainability in connection with industry geographic concentration and regional specialization. The economic sustainability (evaluated by sustainability sub-index) and geographical and regional analysis were studied for 62 Computer Programming and 63 Information Services sub-divisions of the ICT sector. The results confirm a strong correlation between economic sustainability and firm geographic concentration. Results show that a worsening value of economic sustainability does not always lead to the worsening conditions in the industry and there is a strong relationship between the economic sustainability and regional analysis.
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Boyle, Bradley L., Brian S. Maitner, George G. C. Barbosa, Rohith K. Sajja, Xiao Feng, Cory Merow, Erica A. Newman, Daniel S. Park, Patrick R. Roehrdanz und Brian J. Enquist. „Geographic name resolution service: A tool for the standardization and indexing of world political division names, with applications to species distribution modeling“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 11 (14.11.2022): e0268162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268162.
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Massive biological databases of species occurrences, or georeferenced locations where a species has been observed, are essential inputs for modeling present and future species distributions. Location accuracy is often assessed by determining whether the observation geocoordinates fall within the boundaries of the declared political divisions. This otherwise simple validation is complicated by the difficulty of matching political division names to the correct geospatial object. Spelling errors, abbreviations, alternative codes, and synonyms in multiple languages present daunting name disambiguation challenges. The inability to resolve political division names reduces usable data, and analysis of erroneous observations can lead to flawed results. Here, we present the Geographic Name Resolution Service (GNRS), an application for correcting, standardizing, and indexing world political division names. The GNRS resolves political division names against a reference database that combines names and codes from GeoNames with geospatial object identifiers from the Global Administrative Areas Database (GADM). In a trial resolution of political division names extracted from >270 million species occurrences, only 1.9%, representing just 6% of occurrences, matched exactly to GADM political divisions in their original form. The GNRS was able to resolve, completely or in part, 92% of the remaining 378,568 political division names, or 86% of the full biodiversity occurrence dataset. In assessing geocoordinate accuracy for >239 million species occurrences, resolution of political divisions by the GNRS enabled the detection of an order of magnitude more errors and an order of magnitude more error-free occurrences. By providing a novel solution to a significant data quality impediment, the GNRS liberates a tremendous amount of biodiversity data for quantitative biodiversity research. The GNRS runs as a web service and is accessible via an API, an R package, and a web-based graphical user interface. Its modular architecture is easily integrated into existing data validation workflows.
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Cox, Ryan M., Andrew D. Sobel, Alison Biercevicz, Craig P. Eberson und Mary K. Mulcahey. „Geographic Trends in the Orthopedic Surgery Residency Match“. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, Nr. 4 (01.08.2018): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00633.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Residency program location may be an important factor for orthopedic surgery residency applicants. More than half of residents locate their practice near the site of their training, and surgical specialties (eg, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and general surgery) have shown geographic patterns in their residency matches. Objective We analyzed geographic trends in the orthopedic surgery Match. Methods Hometown, undergraduate institution, and medical school “preresidency locations” of all allopathic, nonmilitary, orthopedic surgery residents were recorded from program websites for the 2015–2016 academic year. Program and preresidency locations were coded according to state and US census division. Statistical analysis was used to investigate associations between residency program locations and preresidency locations. Results Of 2662 residents in the study, 1220 of 2614 (47%), 536 of 1329 (40%), and 308 of 744 (41%) matched into the same division as their medical school, undergraduate institution, and hometown, respectively. There were significant differences among divisions (P < .001). Also, 817 of 2662 (31%), 319 of 1329 (24%), and 200 of 770 (26%) residents matched in the same state as their medical school, undergraduate institution, and hometown, respectively, with significant differences between states for medical school (P < .0001) and undergraduate institution (P < .0001), but not hometown (P = .22). Overall, 21% of residents (538 of 2612) matched at the program affiliated with their medical school. Conclusions There is an association among hometown, undergraduate institution, and medical school for the training program location in which orthopedic surgery residents match, with variability in locations matched at state and census division levels.
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Kojanić, Ognjen. „Theory from the Peripheries“. Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 29, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2020.290204.
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This article argues for the benefits of a relational approach to understanding centres and peripheries across scales in anthropology, as opposed to an approach based on substantive notions of geographic areas. Based on an extensive literature review, I expose how the salience of the division into Western and Eastern Europe, and, increasingly, into Northern and Southern Europe, obscures the divisions on other scales within and across these divisions. Instead, I argue for thinking relationally about centres and peripheries, highlighting two relevant contributions that the anthropology of postsocialism can make to a European anthropology: one is based on analyses of how places become peripheral, while the other starts from analyses of political-economic changes and their social impacts after the collapse of socialism.
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Wilk, Piotr, Shehzad Ali, Kelly K. Anderson, Andrew F. Clark, Martin Cooke, Stephanie J. Frisbee, Jason Gilliland et al. „Geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations across Canada: a cross-sectional study“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): e037195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037195.
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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and pattern of small-area geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) across Canada (excluding Québec).Design and settingA cross-sectional study conducted in Canada (excluding Québec) using data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) linked prospectively to hospitalisation records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) for the three fiscal years: 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009.Primary outcome measurePreventable hospitalisations (ACSC).ParticipantsThe 2006 CanCHEC represents a population of 22 562 120 individuals in Canada (excluding Québec). Of this number, 2 940 150 (13.03%) individuals were estimated to be hospitalised at least once during the 2006–2009 fiscal years.MethodsAge-standardised annualised ACSC hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population were computed for each of the 190 Census Divisions. To assess the magnitude of Census Division-level geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations, the global Moran’s I statistic was computed. ‘Hot spot’ analysis was used to identify the pattern of geographic variation.ResultsOf all the hospitalisation events reported in Canada during the 2006–2009 fiscal years, 337 995 (7.10%) events were ACSC-related hospitalisations. The Moran’s I statistic (Moran’s I=0.355) suggests non-randomness in the spatial distribution of preventable hospitalisations. The findings from the ‘hot spot’ analysis indicate a cluster of Census Divisions located in predominantly rural and remote parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in eastern and northern parts of Nunavut with significantly higher than average rates of preventable hospitalisation.ConclusionThe knowledge generated on the small-area geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations can inform regional, provincial and national decision makers on planning, allocation of resources and monitoring performance of health service providers.
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Halás, Marián, und Pavel Klapka. „Regional division of Czechia on the basis of spatial interaction modelling“. Geografie 115, Nr. 2 (2010): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2010115020144.
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Spatial interactions represent mutual relations between geographic areas or regions at different hierarchical levels. The Reilly’s law is one of the spatial interaction models which was originally constructed for survey of retail gravitation and was based on purely formal relations. The article aims at closer presentation of the Reilly’s law and proposes possible applications of the model in regional delineation tasks and in formation of the administrative division of Czechia. Comparisons with other regional and administrative divisions are included as well.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Geographic divisions"
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Bernard, Camille. „Immersing evolving geographic divisions in the semantic Web“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM048.
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De nos jours, le volume de données provenant du secteur public augmente rapidement dans le Web des données ouvertes. La plupart des données proviennent d’organismes gouvernementaux tels que des instituts officiels de statistique et de cartographie. Ensemble, ces institutions publient des statistiques géo-codées qui revêtent une importance capitale pour que les responsables politiques mènent diverses analyses de leur territoire, dans le temps et dans l’espace. Cependant, au cours du temps et partout dans le monde, les divisions (administratives ou électorales par exemple) de ces territoires (portions d’espace sur la terre) délimités par des groupes humains (ou sous le contrôle de groupes humains) sont sujettes à modifications : leur nom, appartenance ou leurs frontières changent pour des raisons politiques ou administratives. De même, les Nomenclatures Statistiques Territoriales (acronyme TSN en anglais), qui regroupent différentes zones géographiques, artefacts construits par des instituts statistiques mais dérivant généralement de structures électorales ou administratives, changent dans le temps et à plusieurs niveaux du territoire (e.g., régions, départements, communes, etc.). Ces changements sont un obstacle à la comparabilité des données socio-économiques dans le temps, celle-ci n’étant possible qu’à la condition d’estimer les données dans un même découpage géographique, un processus compliqué qui finit par masquer les changements territoriaux. Ces changements territoriaux entraînent donc des ruptures dans les séries statistiques et sont à l’origine d’interprétations erronées ou de biais statistiques lorsqu’ils ne sont pas correctement documentés. Par conséquent, des solutions pour représenter différentes versions de TSNs et leurs évolutions dans le Web des Données Ouvertes doivent être proposées afin d’améliorer la compréhension des dynamiques territoriales.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un cadriciel nommé Theseus Framework. Theseus adopte les technologies du Web sémantique et représente les découpages géographiques et leurs évolutions au cours du temps sous forme de données ouvertes et liées (Linked Open Data (LOD) en anglais). Theseus est composé d’un ensemble de modules permettant la gestion du cycle de vie des TSNs dans le LOD Web : de la modélisation des zones géographiques et de leurs changements au cours du temps, à la détection automatique des changements et à l’exploitation de ces descriptions dans le LOD Web. L’ensemble des modules logiciels reposent sur deux ontologies nommées TSN Ontology et TSN-Change Ontology, que nous avons conçues pour une description non ambiguë des zones géographiques dans le temps et dans l’espace, ainsi que pour la description de leurs modifications au cours du temps.Ce cadriciel s’adresse tout d’abord aux agences statistiques, car il facilite considérablement la mise en conformité de leurs données géographiques, support à l’information statistique avec les directives Open Data. De plus, les graphes de données liées créés améliorent la compréhension des dynamiques territoriales au cours du temps, en fournissant aux décideurs politiques, aux chercheurs et au grand public des descriptions sémantiques des changements territoriaux afin de réaliser diverses analyses de leur territoire. L’applicabilité et la généricité de notre approche sont illustrées par trois tests du cadriciel Theseus menés sur trois TSN officielles : La Nomenclature européenne des unités territoriales statistiques (versions 1999, 2003, 2006 et 2010) de Institut statistique Européen Eurostat; les unités administratives suisses de l’Office fédéral de la statistique Suisse, décrivant les cantons, districts et communes de la Suisse en 2017 et 2018 ; l’Australian Statistical Geography Standard, construit par le Bureau australien de la statistique, composé de sept divisions imbriquées du territoire australien, dans les versions 2011 et 2016Nowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data Web. Most of data come from governmental agencies such as Statistical and Mapping Agencies. Together, these public institutions publish geo-coded statistics that are of utmost importance for policy-makers to conduct various analyses upon their jurisdiction, in time and space. However, through times, all over the world, the subdivisions of such ju- risdictions (portions of space on Earth) delimited by or, under the control of human groups (e.g., administrative or electoral areas) are subject to change: their names, belonging or boundaries change for political or administrative reasons. Likewise, the Territorial Statistical Nomenclatures (TSNs) that are sets of artifact areas (although they usually correspond to political or administrative structures) built by Statistical Agencies to observe a territory at several levels (e.g., regions, districts, sub-districts) also change over time. Changes in TSNs are an obstacle to maintain the comparability of socio-economic data over time, unless past data are recalculated according to present geographic areas, a complicated process that, in the end, hide the territorial changes. Then, territorial changes lead to breaks in the statistical series, and are sources of misinterpretations of statistics, or statistical bias when not properly documented. Therefore, solutions for representing different versions of TSNs, and their evolution on the Open Data Web are to be proposed in order to enhance the understanding of territorial dynamics.In this thesis, we present the Theseus Framework with reference to philosophical issue raised by the Ship of Theseus that, according to legend, was rebuilt entirely over the years, every plank of the ship being replaced one by one. This software framework adopts Semantic Web technologies and Linked Open Data (LOD) representation for the description of the TSNs’ areas, and of their changes: this guaranties the syntactic and, moreover, semantic interoperability between systems exchanging TSN information. Theseus is composed of a set of modules to handle the whole TSN data life cycle on the LOD Web: from the modeling of geographic areas and of their changes, to the exploitation of these descriptions on the LOD Web. All the software modules rely on two ontologies, TSN Ontology and TSN-Change Ontology, we have designed for an unambiguous description of the areas in time and space, and for the description of their changes. In order to automate the detection of such changes in TSN geospatial files, Theseus embeds an implementation of the TSN Semantic Matching Algorithm that computes LOD semantic graphs describing all the TSN elements and their evolution, based on the vocabulary of the two ontologies.This framework is intended first for the Statistical Agencies, since it considerably helps in complying with Open Data directives, by automating the publication of Open Data representation of their geographic areas that change over time. Second, the created LOD graphs enhance the understanding of territorial dynamics over time, providing policy-makers, researchers, general public with semantic descriptions of territorial changes to conduct various analyses upon their jurisdiction, in time and space. The applicability and genericity of our approach is illustrated by three tests of Theseus, each of them being led on three official TSNs: The European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) (versions 1999, 2003, 2006, and 2010) from the European Eurostat Statistical Institute; The Switzerland Administrative Units (SAU), from The Swiss Federal Statistical Office, that describes the cantons, districts and municipalities of Switzerland in 2017 and 2018; The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS), built by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, composed of seven nested divisions of the Australian territory, in versions 2011 and 2016
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Guler, Muhammet Ali. „Detection Of Earthquake Damaged Buildings From Post-event Photographs Using Perceptual Grouping“. Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604982/index.pdf.
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Two approaches were developed for detecting earthquake damaged buildings from post-event aerial photographs using shadow analysis and perceptual grouping. In the first approach, it is assumed that the vector boundaries of the buildings are not known a priori. Therefore, only the post-event aerial photographs were used to detect the collapsed buildings. The approach relies on an idea that if a building is fully damaged then, it will not generate a closed contour. First, a median filter is applied to remove the noise. Then, the edge pixels are detected through a Canny edge detector and the line segments are extracted from the output edge image using a raster-to-vector conversion process. After that, the line segments are grouped together using a three-level hierarchical perceptual grouping procedure to form a closed contour. The principles used in perceptual grouping include the proximity, the collinearity, the continuity and the perpendicularity. In the second approach, it is assumed that the vector boundaries of the buildings are known a priori. Therefore, this information is used as additional data source to detect the collapsed buildings. First, the edges are detected from the image through a Canny edge detector. Second, the line segments are extracted using a raster-to-vector conversion process. Then, a two-level hierarchical perceptual grouping procedure is used to group these line segments. The boundaries of the buildings are available and stored in a GIS as vector polygons. Therefore, after applying the perceptual grouping procedure, the damage conditions of the buildings are assessed on a building-by-building basis by measuring the agreement between the detected line segments and the vector boundaries.
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Avcioglu, Emre. „Hydrocarbon Microseepage Mapping Via Remote Sensing For Gemrik Anticline, Bozova Oil Field, Adiyaman, Turkey“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612639/index.pdf.
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Hydrocarbon (HC) microseepages can be indicator of possible reservoirs. For that
reason, mapping the microseepages has potential to be used in petroleum exploration.
This study presents a methodology for mapping HC microseepages and related clay
mineral alteration in Gemrik Anticline, Adiyaman. For this purpose samples were
collected from the potential seepage zones and tested by geochemical analysis. All
samples were found to contain some HC. Then, an ASTER image of the region was
obtained and a band combination was generated to map this particular region. To
map related clay mineral alteration, firstly reflectance spectra of samples were
measured using field spectrometer. Secondly, spectrally-known samples were
analyzed in USGS Library to determine the reflectance spectra of the constitutional
clay minerals in the samples. Lastly, the reflectance characteristics of selected end
v
members were represented as ASTER band combinations based on their spectral
absorption characteristics and literature information. Crosta Technique was used to
determine required principal components to map HC microseepage and related clay
mineral alteration. Then, this methodology is applied to the whole ASTER image.
Ground truth study showed that more than 65% of the revisited anomalies show
similar prospects to that of the referenced anticline regardless of their geochemical
content. In order to certify the ASTER band combination for mapping HC
microseepages, anomalous and non-anomalous pixels were selected from the
resultant HC map and given as training data samples to AdaBoost loop which is an
image processing algorithm. It has been found that ASTER band combination
offered for mapping HC microseepages is similar to that of AdaBoost Algorithm
output.
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Trieu, Thanh Ngoan. „Open data and environment simulation : environmental and social simulation on distributed process systems based on irregular cell space“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0047.
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La combinaison d’automates cellulaires (CA) et de systèmes distribués offre un moyen simple de modéliser les problèmes environnementaux et sociaux en divisant les zones d’intérêt en segments spatiales discrètes pour le calcul parallèle. L’évolution de l’état de chaque segment est divisée en étapes temporelles discrètes. Les divisions géographiques en tant qu’espace cellulaire irrégulier permettent de tirer parti des données ouvertes pour alimenter les systèmes de simulation. Les données sont analysées pour en déduire les règles de transition apportant des influences distribuées dans un quartier. Une étude de cas de modélisation de la propagation épidémique basée sur les divisions administratives est présentée. Étant donné l’hypothèse que l’épidémie se propage aux personnes vivant dans le quartier, un système de simulation est généré en fonction des voisins adjacents avec des conditions initiales de collecte à partir du portail de données ouvertes du gouvernement. Une approche hybride est introduite avec la coopération entre les tuiles régulières et les espaces cellulaires irréguliers dans la modélisation des activités côtières. Une simulation environnementale est nécessaire pour représenter les caractéristiques du sol et de la mer qui se propagent dans les deux espaces. Ces caractéristiques sont très différentes en raison de la capacité et de la réaction du sol, et du comportement de la mer, en particulier les courants et les marées. Le problème des marées vertes est modélisé lorsque les nutriments sont présents en concentrations élevées et piégés par les courants de maréeThe combination of Cellular automata (CA) and distributed systems provide a simple way to model environmental and social issues by dividing the relevant areas into discrete spatial segments for parallel computation. The state evolution of each segment is divided into discrete time steps. Geographic divisions as irregular cell space give a chance to take advantage of Open Data in feeding the simulation systems. Data are analyzed to deduce the transition rules bringing distributed influences in a neighborhood. A case study of epidemic propagation modeling based on geographic divisions is presented. Given an assumption that the epidemic is spreading to people living in the neighborhood, a simulation system is generated based on adjacent neighbors with initial conditions collected from the government open data portal. A hybrid approach is introduced with the cooperation between regular tiles and irregular cellspaces in modeling shore activities. Environmental simulation is needed to represent ground and sea characteristics modeling spreading occurring on both spaces. These characteristics are very different due to soil capability and reaction, and sea behavior, in particular currents and tides. The problem of green tides is modeled when nutrients arepresented in high concentrations and entrapped by tidal currents
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Shannon, Stacey. „Portraying the human side of Middletown and its geographic class division“. Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1246471.
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Since the arrival of Robert and Helen Lynd to Muncie, Indiana, in the 1920s, Muncie has perhaps become the most studied city. The Lynds, who referred to Muncie as "Middletown," produced two studies on the city looking at sociological topics. In the 1970s, Theodore Caplow and a team of researchers reproduced the study with Middletown residents to create Middletown III. A recent, still unpublished, Middletown IV was conducted in the city again by Caplow's group in 1999.Yet in all of these years of studies and through all of the attention the studies received in various media, the human side of Muncie has been neglected. There have been no articles written about the people behind the statistics, the very citizens who make up Muncie. Nor has much elaboration been done concerning the geographic class divide that the Lynds first identified in the 1920s.For these reasons, four families were sought to be profiled in-depth concerning the same topics that were presented in the Middletown studies: work, education, family, religion, and leisure and community activities. They were also asked for their opinions on Muncie as a community. To characterize the existence or prove the nonexistence of the geographic class division in the city, two families were selected from each side of town using Indiana 32/Jackson Street as the division between north and south Muncie.Though the four families are only a very small part of the population in Muncie, together they fulfilled most of the Middletown studies' findings, including that there is indeed a division between north and south Muncie.Department of Journalism
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Toole, Jameson Lawrence. „The diffusion of innovations in the presence of geography and media“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78504.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-105).
Increasingly, the world we live in is digital, mobile, and online. As a consequence, many of your seemingly mundane actions are recorded, archived, and for the first time widely accessible to both the generators and curators of this information. From this fire hose of digital breadcrumbs, we can learn an enormous amount about ourselves as individuals and societies. Simple questions such as where we go, who we are meeting, and how we interact when we get there can be explored with incredibly high resolution and richness. Through new emiprical and analytic tools, we can leverage information generated from rapidly expanding online social networks, revealing the beautiful and often surprising complexity of everyday human behavior. We are able to harness data from millions of cell phone users to better understand how people move through cities, use roads, and interact with their neighbors. This thesis deals with quantifying, analyzing, and ultimately modeling sociotechnical systems. More specifically, it focuses on modeling the diffusion of innovations in time and space. While there has been much work examining the affects of social network structure on innovation adoption, models to date have lacked important features such as meta-populations reflecting real geography or influence from mass media forces. This thesis shows that these are features crucial to producing more accurate predictions of a social contagion and technology adoption at the city level. Using data from the adoption of the popular micro-blogging platform, Twitter, a model of adoption on a network is presented. The model places friendships in real geographic space and exposes individuals to mass media influence. Results show that homophily both amongst individuals with similar propensities to adopt a technology and geographic location is critical to reproduce features of real spatiotemporal adoption. Furthermore, estimates suggest that mass media was responsible for increasing Twitter's user base two to four fold. To reflect this strength, traditional contagion models are extended to include an endogenous mass media agent that responds to those adopting an innovation as well as influencing agents to adopt themselves. The final chapter of this thesis addresses the future. The ubiquity of digital devices like mobile phones and tablets is opening rich new avenues of research. The massive amounts of data generated and stored by these devices can be used to gain a better understanding of the complex socio-technical systems they sense. The same tools, techniques, and analogies utilized in the first three chapters of this thesis can now literally be taken to the streets. With mobile phones that record when and where activities take place, a new window has been opened on urban systems. Future work will explore how people use cities dynamically to improve transportations systems and inform urban planners. New measurements will help understand what cities do well, when they fail, and why. At the core of this new domain, is an interdisciplinary approach to complex socio-technical systems that combines many fields and methods. This view forms a more holistic view of problems and potential solutions. The thesis presented stands as an example of data, theory, and simulation for diverse areas can be combined to gain novel insights into human behavior.
by Jameson Lawrence Toole.
S.M.
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Bahri, Rupa. „Enhancing productivity through effective collaborations : the barriers and enablers of collaboration within geographic bioclusters“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39569.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-138).
Increasing competition and specialization of firms in the life sciences industry has led to recognition of the need for collaboration. Bioclusters, the co-location of life sciences entities in a specific geographic area, have therefore emerged as a global trend. While it is assumed that such clusters allow stakeholders to realize synergies through participation and presence in the local area, the collaborative behavior within these clusters has yet to be explored. The goal of this study was to characterize the barriers and enablers of effective collaboration within bioclusters, and amongst their key stakeholder groups. This study directly compared the bioclusters of San Diego and Singapore to gain an understanding of their relative collaborative environments. San Diego, with cluster longevity of over 40 years, provided an example of organic growth, given its roots in entrepreneurial activities. The Singapore cluster, still in an embryonic state, has a history of organized growth due to the leadership, support, and funding of the Singaporean government. The study of clusters that differ in history of formation and longevity of presence provided the breadth of information needed for an effective comparison of their collaborative environments and approach to collaborative endeavors.
(cont.) Key stakeholder groups, namely academia, industry, finance, and government, were identified and interviews within each cluster were targeted accordingly. Eighteen interviews were conducted in San Diego and sixteen in Singapore. Through literature review, design of a detailed questionnaire, completion of 34 interviews, and analysis of the resulting data, an empirical assessment of the environment for collaboration within each biocluster was performed. Use of two scoring models provided an objective relative comparison of the clusters, serving as tools to view aggregated interview results. The first model measured the environment for and level of local collaboration and resulted in a Collaboration Score. The second model compared the process of engagement in collaborative endeavors, and resulted in a Formality of Approach Score. The scoring models were also used to compare the collaborative behavior of key stakeholder groups. Results from relative scoring models indicated a higher Collaboration Score for Singapore as compared to San Diego (p-value=0.0421), and a higher Formality of Approach Score for San Diego, trending toward significance. Aggregate analysis of key stakeholder groups found finance as the most collaborative, with a higher Collaboration Score when compared to industry, the least collaborative group (p-value=0.0189).
(cont.) A higher Formality of Approach Score was also seen for finance when compared to academia (p-value=0.0479). Other notable results include a greater degree of local competition within San Diego (p-value=0.0266) and a particularly low percentage of local industry collaborations in both bioclusters, when compared to academia (p-value=0.0002). The enablers of collaboration in the San Diego biocluster were identified as the entrepreneurial culture and the existence of top research institutes, and barriers were found to be the high level of competition amongst cluster members and the lack of local venture capital presence. The enablers in the Singapore biocluster were identified as the physical co-location of public and private entities in the Biopolis and the leadership and financial support provided by the Singaporean government, and barriers were the culture of risk aversion that exists in the cluster and the relatively few entrepreneurs, who often serve as a backbone for the creation of informal networks. A model for the development of a biocluster was also identified through a comparison of the cluster formation history of San Diego and Singapore. This model needs to be refined and further tested for general applicability, but does suggest a promising start.
(cont.) Collaborations are important for the continued cycle of innovation in the field of life sciences. Bioclusters provide a forum for these collaborations to occur. Promoting the enablers and removing the barriers increases the effectiveness of collaborations, enhancing the success of a biocluster and its member firms.
by Rupa Bahri.
S.M.
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Boyce, Jeremy Dewayne Tomasini Nathan. „An analysis of the NCAA Division III football playoff system and its use of the geographic proximity rule“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1042.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science Sport Administration." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Stainer, Jonathan. „Nationalism, sectarianism, division and hybridity : representations of place in Belfast fiction of the 1990s“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274091.
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Liu, Xintao. „The Principle of Scaling of Geographic Space and its Application in Urban Studies“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90832.
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Geographic space is the large-scale and continuous space that encircles the earth and in which human activities occur. The study of geographic space has drawn attention in many different fields and has been applied in a variety of studies, including those on cognition, urban planning and navigation systems. A scaling property indicates that small objects are far more numerous than large ones, i.e., the size of objects is extremely diverse. The concept of scaling resembles a fractal in geometric terms and a power law distribution from the perspective of statistical physics, but it is different from both in terms of application. Combining the concepts of geographic space and scaling, this thesis proposes the concept of the scaling of geographic space, which refers to the phenomenon that small geographic objects or representations are far more numerous than large ones. From the perspectives of statistics and mathematics, the scaling of geographic space can be characterized by the fact that the sizes of geographic objects follow heavy-tailed distributions, i.e., the special non-linear relationships between variables and their probability. In this thesis, the heavy-tailed distributions refer to the power law, lognormal, exponential, power law with an exponential cutoff and stretched exponential. The first three are the basic distributions, and the last two are their degenerate versions. If the measurements of the geographic objects follow a heavy-tailed distribution, then their mean value can divide them into two groups: large ones (a low percentage) whose values lie above the mean value and small ones (a high percentage) whose values lie below. This regularity is termed as the head/tail division rule. That is, a two-tier hierarchical structure can be obtained naturally. The scaling property of geographic space and the head/tail division rule are verified at city and country levels from the perspectives of axial lines and blocks, respectively. In the study of geographic space, the most important concept is geographic representation, which represents or partitions a large-scale geographic space into numerous small pieces, e.g., vector and raster data in conventional spatial analysis. In a different context, each geographic representation possesses different geographic implications and a rich partial knowledge of space. The emergence of geographic information science (GIScience) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) greatly enable the generation of new types of geographic representations. In addition to the old axial lines, this thesis generated several types of representations of geographic space: (a) blocks that were decomposed from road segments, each of which forms a minimum cycle such as city and field blocks (b) natural streets that were generated from street center lines using the Gestalt principle of good continuity; (c) new axial lines that were defined as the least number of individual straight line segments mutually intersected along natural streets; (d) the fewest-turn map direction (route) that possesses the hierarchical structure and indicates the scaling of geographic space; (e) spatio-temporal clusters of the stop points in the trajectories of large-scale floating car data. Based on the generated geographic representations, this thesis further applies the scaling property and the head/tail division rule to these representations for urban studies. First, all of the above geographic representations demonstrate the scaling property, which indicates the scaling of geographic space. Furthermore, the head/tail division rule performs well in obtaining the hierarchical structures of geographic objects. In a sense, the scaling property reveals the hierarchical structures of geographic objects. According to the above analysis and findings, several urban studies are performed as follows: (1) generate new axial lines based on natural streets for a better understanding of urban morphologies; (2) compute the fewest-turn and shortest map direction; (3) identify urban sprawl patches based on the statistics of blocks and natural cities; (4) categorize spatio-temporal clusters of long stop points into hotspots and traffic jams; and (5) perform an across-country comparison of hierarchical spatial structures. The overall contribution of this thesis is first to propose the principle of scaling of geographic space as well as the head/tail division rule, which provide a new and quantitative perspective to efficiently reduce the high degree of complexity and effectively solve the issues in urban studies. Several successful applications prove that the scaling of geographic space and the head/tail division rule are inspiring and can in fact be applied as a universal law, in particular, to urban studies and other fields. The data sets that were generated via an intensive geo-computation process are as large as hundreds of gigabytes and will be of great value to further data mining studies.QC 20120301
Hägerstrand project entitled “GIS-based mobility information for sustainable urban planning and design”
Bücher zum Thema "Geographic divisions"
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Canada. Ministry of Supply and Services., Hrsg. Census Canada 1986: Maps : census divisions and subdivisions : geographic reference. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1987.
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Canada, Statistics. Census divisions and subdivisions, Ontario: Geographic reference products - enumeration area reference lists. S.l: s.n, 1987.
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Canada, Statistics. Census divisions and subdivisions, Quebec: Geographic reference products - enumeration area reference lists. S.l: s.n, 1987.
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Canada, Statistics. Census divisions and subdivisions, Atlantic Provinces: Geographic reference products - enumeration area reference lists. S.l: s.n, 1987.
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Canada, Statistics. Census divisions and subdivisions, Western Provinces and the Territories: Geographic reference products - enumeration area reference lists. S.l: s.n, 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Health care alliances: Issues relating to geographic boundaries : report to the Chairman, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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Education, Ontario Ministry of. Geography: Intermediate and senior divisions, 1988 - part c : the intermediate division programme. S.l: s.n, 1988.
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Son, Sŏng-u. Hanʾguk chimyŏng sajŏn =: Korean geographical dictionary. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Kyŏngin Munhwasa, 1989.
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Education, Ontario Ministry of. Geography: Intermediate and senior divisions - Part d : the senior division program, revised courses. S.l: s.n, 1988.
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Education, Ontario Ministry of. Geography: Part E : the senior division program, new courses : intermediate and senior divisions, 1988. [Toronto]: Ministry of Education, 1988.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Geographic divisions"
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Bernard, C., C. Plumejeaud-Perreau, M. Villanova-Oliver, J. Gensel und H. Dao. „Semantic Graphs to Reflect the Evolution of Geographic Divisions“. In Handbook of Big Geospatial Data, 135–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55462-0_6.
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Kong, Woo-Seok, und David Watts. „Biogeographic divisions“. In The Plant Geography of Korea, 11–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1624-4_2.
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Mikhaylov, N. „A New Division“. In Soviet Geography, 9–17. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003391326-2.
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Massey, Doreen. „Class, Politics and the Geography of Employment“. In Spatial Divisions of Labour, 226–86. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24059-3_6.
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Massey, Doreen. „Class, Politics and the Geography of Employment“. In Spatial Divisions of Labor, 226–86. 2. Aufl. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003572619-6.
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Alder, John. „The Geographical Division of Powers“. In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 112–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15077-9_6.
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Massey, Doreen, und Richard Meegan. „Spatial Divisions of Labour in Britain“. In Horizons in Human Geography, 244–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19839-9_13.
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Krzywicka-Blum, Ewa. „Synthetic Structural Characteristics Determining the Qualificational Divisions of Areas“. In Springer Geography, 183–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47358-1_5.
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Chen-Florea, Alexander L. Q. „Spatial Division(s) of Labor“. In The Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25900-5_98-1.
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Kaczmarek, Tomasz. „Territorial Division: Administrative Reforms and a Look to the Future“. In Economic Geography, 103–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06108-0_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Geographic divisions"
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Liu, Shuhui, Yiming Liu, Kangle Wang, Yiwei Gong, Wenhua Zhao und Yaqi Sun. „Spatio-temporal clustering model based on angular depth for regional division of PM2.5 in China“. In Second International Conference on Remote Sensing, Mapping, and Geographic Information Systems (RSMG 2024), herausgegeben von Bin Zou und Yaoping Cui, 143. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3049049.
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Bucur, Stefanlucian, und Florica Moldoveanu. „GEOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATIONS OF THE E-LEARNING USAGE IN ROMANIA“. In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-088.
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We used data gathered on the Integrated Educational Registry (Registrul Educational Integrat - rei.gov.ro), which contains information about students enrolled in the national public and private university programs. The information is aggregated and anonymized to ensure students privacy. The student data is correlated with information about the e-learning courses offered by the universities. The research analyses the availability of two types of e-learning resources: online materials for attendance required courses and stand-alone online courses available to university students. To study the spread of persons that have access to national e-learning materials, the data is plotted using geographic visualizations. The study uses three types of visualizations: heatmaps, comparative heatmaps and choropleth maps. Heatmaps are used to observe areas of high e-learning usage, showing only the locations of students that are enrolled in universities that offer both e-learning courses and attendance required courses. Comparative heatmaps are a new type of geographic visualization that consists of multiple layers of different colored semi-transparent heatmaps. Since the heatmaps are semi-transparent, the areas where they overlap will have the combined color of both. For example, overlapping areas between a yellow heatmap and a blue one will be coloured green. In our study, comparative heatmaps are used to observe the locations of students that can access e-learning courses compared to students that can't, in an attempt to find the differences and intersections between the two distinct datasets. Choropleth maps are used to visualize student locations aggregated by territorial and administrative divisions (counties, cities and towns). The resulting maps will be accessible via an online web platform on the Integrated Educational Registry website.
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Pankov, Sergey V. „ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVETERRITORIAL DIVISION OF THE TAMBOV REGION“. In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-210-212.
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Sevostyanova, Lidiya I., und Andrey V. Rogotnev. „USE OF THE NATURAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE NATURAL AND RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE MEDVEDEVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL“. In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-65-67.
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To assess the natural resource potential of the Medvedevsky district of the Mari El Republic, a scoring method was used, a natural economic approach based on the administrative division of the territory was used.
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Levykin, Sergey V., und Grigoriy V. Kazachkov. „STEPPES FOR RUSSIAN NATIONAL LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY“. In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-48-51.
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Three groups of proposals to Russian national low-carbon development strategy are offered: the division of countries of the world into groups by suggested carbon response, four-component Russian carbon response, carbon response on levels of steppe zone and a steppe region.
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Barcelos Jorge da Silveira, Victoria, Diego Moreira Souza und Fabrício Peixoto Alvarenga. „Urban Landscape in the Historic Center of Campos dos Goytacazes:the effect of oil royalties on the use of public and private spaces between 1996 and 2020“. In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212431.
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The analysis of space comes from its importance in people's daily lives, to carry out their optional, necessary and social activities. In addition to the geographic field, with its divisions and connections, space also influences social bonds, due to its imposition on segregating aspects imposed on society, reproducing it and supporting its relationships, being dynamic and ephemeral according to time . Thus, it is unquestionable that the historic center of a city is commonly defined by its ability to seduce its users, being a central place in relation to the rest of the built area, still remaining as commercial attraction areas and with a large number of developments. This demand causes an increase in the value of properties located in this region and also a dispute for space where the private ends up overtaking the public, for personal interests or groups of people. This dispute for space by non-equivalent forces has resulted directly in the urban landscape. The analysis of public spaces in the historic center of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the period in which its budget had a high bias, especially fostered by the amounts received from the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, aims to verify the changes that occurred in these spaces. The methodology developed for this work involves the review of scientific literature, the collection of primary sources such as users, permit holders and concessionaires of public spaces and a detailed on-site survey of some urban elements such as walkways and roads;number of private spaces for vehicles, kiosks and stalls in public areas. Based on the suggested surveys, it will be possible to verify if the last relevant economic cycle that occurred in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes -the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, was responsible for the modification of the urban landscape in its Historic Center.
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Świętek, Agnieszka, und Wiktor Osuch. „Regional Geography Education in Poland“. In 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-14.
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Education in regional geography in Poland takes place at public schools from the earliest educational stages and is compulsory until young people reach the age of adulthood. Reforms of the Polish education system, resulting in changes in the core curriculum of general education, likewise resulted in changes in the concept of education in the field of regional geography. The subject of the authors’ article is education in regional geography in the Polish education system at various educational stages. The authors’ analysis has two research goals. The first concerns changes in the education of regional geography at Polish schools; here the analysis and evaluation of the current content of education in the field of regional geography are offered. The second one is the study of the model of regional geography education in geographical studies in Poland on the example of the geographyat the Pedagogical University of Cracow. Although elements of education about one’s own region already appear in a kindergarten, they are most strongly implemented at a primary school in the form of educational paths, e.g. “Regional education – cultural heritage in the region”, and at a lower-secondary school (gymnasium) during geography classes. Owing to the current education reform, liquidating gymnasium (a lower secondary school level) and re-introducing the division of public schools into an 8-year primary school and a longer secondary school, the concept of education in regional education has inevitably changed. Currently, it is implemented in accordance with a multidisciplinary model of education consisting in weaving the content of regional education into the core curricula of various school subjects, and thus building the image of the whole region by means of viewing from different perspectives and inevitable cooperation of teachers of diverse subjects. Invariably, however, content in the field of regional geography is carried out at a primary and secondary school during geography classes. At university level, selected students – in geographical studies – receive a regional geography training. As an appropriate example one can offer A. Świętek’s original classes in “Regional Education” for geography students of a teaching specialty consisting of students designing and completing an educational trail in the area of Nowa Huta in Cracow.
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Moore, Daniel F., Curtis Thompson und R. Joseph Bergquist. „Geographic Information System (GIS) Decision Modeling for Water Pipeline Planning“. In Pipeline Division Specialty Conference 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40641(2002)46.
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Rappel-Kroyzer, Or. „The UDC California Division Members Database“. In SIGSPATIAL '23: The 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3615887.3627753.
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Singer, Guy, und Brian Wopershall. „Combining a Geographic Information System and a Hydraulic Model in the Cleveland Water Distribution System“. In Pipeline Division Specialty Conference 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40641(2002)2.
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Maldonado, Leonardo, und Osmel Manzano. Measuring Regional Inequality in the Andean Countries: A Multiple-Stage Nested Theil Decomposition Using Night Light Emissions. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012952.
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This paper examines inequality in the Andean countries using satellite-recorded nighttime lights and gridded population datasets from 2012 to 2021. We follow a multiple-stage nested Theil index decomposition method accounting for each country's lowest administrative divisions to enhance our understanding of how spatial dimensions contribute as primary sources of inequality and how these contributions vary across each country. The main findings reveal a decrease in overall inequality for the Andean region throughout the period (primarily driven by a decline in between-country inequality) and an increase in the relative importance of within-country inequality. In addition, there are spatial heterogeneities by country. Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru experienced a decline in wealth inequality over the past decade due to decreased disparities between provinces and less inequality within departments and provinces, respectively. In contrast, the inequality components in Ecuador and Venezuela exhibit a more balanced contribution to overall inequality. And, while Ecuador does not show a significant change in overall inequality during the period, the inequality increase in Venezuela is primarily driven by changes in the disparity between all geographic subgroups.
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Willis, Craig. ECMI Minorities Blog. Ethnic Identity and Football in Mostar – A Clear Divide along the Old Front Line. European Centre for Minority Issues, Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/sklp2233.
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This blogpost addresses the question of how ethnic identities (and societal divisions) in the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are expressed through football and considers how this dominates the city’s linguistic landscape. It is therefore embedded in the context of previous literature on sport and identity but also the discipline of sociolinguistics. The post discusses the prominence of street murals and graffiti relating to Mostar’s two football clubs, FK Velež Mostar and HŠK Zrinjski Mostar, outlining how the situation is very much territorially divided along the same geographical points of the ethnic conflict in the early 1990s
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the type section or other category of stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future.. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (e.g., geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (e.g., flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities such as inventory, monitoring, research, and data management. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (MOJN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the MOJN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) or Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ); Death Valley...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincet Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances, when a new geologic unit (such as a formation) is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, and data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network (NCCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the NCCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA), Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), or San Juan...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Central Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293381.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Arctic Inventory & Monitoring Network (ARCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the ARCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Cape Krusenstern National Monument (CAKR) and Kobuk Valley National Park (KOVA)...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucciq, Tim Connors und Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293533.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that the resources of the National Park System are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFAN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the SFAN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Point National Historic Site (FOPO) and Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO)...
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Hackbarth, Carolyn, und Rebeca Weissinger. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2016–2018 (revised with cost estimate). National Park Service, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279508.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Water-quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Division of Water Quality. This report evaluates data from site visits at 62 different locations on streams, rivers, and reservoirs in or near ten NCPN park units between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Data are compared to state water-quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water-quality problems. The National Park Service does not determine the regulatory status of surface waters; state water quality agencies determine whether waters comply with the Clean Water Act. Evaluation of water-quality parameters relative to state water-quality standards indicated that 17,997 (96.8%) of the 18,583 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water-quality standards. The most common exceedances or indications of impairment, in order of abundance, were due to elevated nutrients, elevated bacteria (E. coli), elevated water temperature, elevated trace metals, elevated total dissolved solids (and sulfate), elevated pH, and low dissolved oxygen. While some exceedances were recurring and may have been caused by human activities in the watersheds, many were due to naturally occurring conditions characteristic of the geographic setting. This is most apparent with phosphorus, which can be introduced into surface water bodies at elevated levels by natural weathering of the geologic strata found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Higher phosphorus concentrations could also be attributed to anthropogenic activities that can accelerate erosion and transport of phosphorus. Some activities that can increase erosional processes include grazing, logging, mining, pasture irrigation, and off-highway vehicle (OHV) use. Exceedances for total phosphorus were common occurrences at nine out of ten NCPN park units, where at least one site in each of these parks had elevated phosphorus concentrations. At these sites, high levels of nutrients have not led to algal blooms or other signs of eutrophication. Sites monitored in Arches National Park (NP), Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP (BLCA), Bryce Canyon NP (BRCA), Capitol Reef NP (CARE), Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE), Dinosaur National Monument (DINO), and Zion NP (ZION) all had E. coli ex-ceedances that could be addressed by management actions. While many of these sites already have management actions underway, some of the actions necessary to bring these waters into compliance are beyond the control of the National Park Service. Changes to agricultural practices to improve water quality involves voluntary participation by landowners and/or grazing permittees and their respective states. This could be the case with lands upstream of several parks with E. coli contamination issues, including Red Rock Canyon (BLCA); Sul-phur, Oak, and Pleasant creeks (CARE); Blue Creek and Cimarron River (CURE); Brush and Pot creeks (DINO); and North Fork Virgin River (ZION). Issues with E. coli contamination at Yellow Creek (BRCA) seemed to be resolved after the park boundary fence downstream of the site was repaired, keeping cattle out of the park. At North Fork Virgin River, E. coli exceedances have been less frequent since the State of Utah worked with landowners and grazing permittees to modify agricultural practices. Continued coordination between the National Park Service, state agencies, and local landowners will be necessary to further re-duce E. coli exceedances and, in turn, improve public health and safety in these streams. Selenium concentrations in Red Rock Canyon (BLCA) continued to exceed the state aquat-ic-life standard at both the upstream and downstream sites. Although selenium weathers naturally from bedrock and...