Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Geo-based building materials“

The use of geo-natural fibres in subbase and subgrade construction is a new and environmentally friendly way to improve the mechanical qualities and durability of road and pavement infrastructure. The inclusion of various geo-natural fibres, such as jute, coconut, and sabai grass, into the subbase and subgrade layers of road building is investigated in this study. These natural fibres are environmentally friendly and locally available, making them an appealing alternative to typical building materials. The study looks at how these fibres affect the engineering properties of subbase and subgrade layers, such as tensile strength, load-bearing capacity, and resistance to soil erosion. The findings show that using geo-natural fibres improves soil stabilization, reduces settlement, and increases resilience to moisture-induced damage. This study highlights the importance of sustainable construction techniques by encouraging the use of bio-based materials that lower the environmental imprint of infrastructure development. The findings have significance for low-cost, ecologically friendly road construction technologies, particularly in areas where natural fibres are abundant. Keywords:Geo-natural fibers, jute, coconut, sabai grass, subbase, subgrade construction, soil stabilization, sustainability, eco-friendly materials, road infrastructure, mechanical properties, load- bearing capacity

AbstractThe colonization of Mars will require obtaining building materials which can be put in place and processed into buildings via various constructive technologies. We tried to use artificial Martian ground – AMG (GEO PAT 11-234 (2015)) and special resins for the preparation of building block prototypes. The composite material has been obtained based on the AMG as filler, epoxy resin (type ED-20) and tetraethoxysilane – TEOS. We have studied strengthening – softening temperatures and water absorption of the AMG polymer composites that are determined by epoxy resin and TEOS modification. Comparison of the experimental results shows that composites containing modified filler have higher values of the maximum ultimate strength, resistance and flexibility parameters than unmodified composites with definite loading. Modified composites also have a higher softening temperature and lower water absorption.

The standard portland cement (OPC) was traditionally used as the binding agent in concrete. However it is also important to find alternative emissions-free concrete binding agents to reduce environmental damage caused by cement manufacturing. Geopolymers, also known as inorganic polymers, use byproducts like fly ash rather than cement. Recent studies have shown that geopolymer concrete based on fly ash has enough properties for use. As the geopolymer strength mechanism is different from the OPC binder, an appropriate constituent model for geopolymer concrete must be obtained in order to predict the load-deflection behavior and strength of geopolymer concrete structural components. A number of problems faced with today's cement industry are addressed by geopolymer binders. These binders have similar or better engineering qualities in comparison with cement and can use many types of waste materials. This project describes the seismic analysis of buildings with high-rise structures, the model of residential G+10 buildings with traditional concrete and geopolymer concrete properties is modelled and analysis is carried out using the response spectra method considering the position of the building in zone III, this analysis would generate the effect of higher vibration modes and real force distribution in elastic range. Test results include maximum story shifts, maximum story drifts, story shears and story stiffness, and an efficient lateral load resistance system, helping to establish whether geo-polymer concrete can be used in high-rise building construction as dynamic loads are included in the high-rise structures

Link for citation: Kopanitsa N.O., Demyanenko O.V., Kulikova A.A., Tkach E.V., Shestakov N.I., Stepina I.V. Secondary resources in production of composite building materials based on cement. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 10, рр. 49-60. In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the importance of the problem of rational use of natural resources in production of composite building materials. The possibility of partial replacement of natural non-renewable raw materials used in the production of multi-ton concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement with secondary products from the production of various industries will solve the problems of: resource saving, energy consumption and ecology. The construction industry is the largest consumer of by-products of mining enterprises: overburden and waste from mining and processing enterprises, which is hundreds of millions of tons per year. The most studied are the issues related to their use as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete and mortar mixtures for various purposes. The expansion of the possibility of using secondary products of mining enterprises in the production of composite building materials is associated with the production of active mineral additives, fillers in concrete and mortar mixtures, as well as energetically active nanomodifiers. The use of by-products of different chemical composition and dispersion makes it possible to control the processes of structure formation and hardening of composite materials based on cement and to obtain composite materials with the required performance properties. The main goal of the research is to scientifically substantiate and investigate the possibility of using waste from mining enterprises as components in concrete and mortar mixtures based on cement. Objects: modifying additives based on secondary products; composite materials with enhanced performance properties. Methods: determination of the mobility of mixtures, normal density, hardening time, flexural and compressive strength according to SS; thermal analysis; electron microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, colorimetry. Results. The paper introduces the results of studies necessary for the scientific substantiation, development and implementation in the construction industry of the technology for production of building mortar mixtures obtained using secondary products of mining enterprises as well as the comparative results of studies on the effect of a complex additive of microcalcite and nano-SiO2 on the properties of cement systems. It is shown that the introduction of a complex additive increases the compressive strength of cement stone, reduces the consumption of cement without reducing its standard characteristics and improves the performance properties of concrete.

Abstract Construction consumes about 40% of resources globally. The switch to a circular economy model in the building industry can contribute to the reduction of use of resources, and lower the environmental impact by extending the life cycle of building components and materials. However, circular economy principles in building industry are not yet established, while at the same time the complexity and consequences of such a transition require further research. The objective of the exploratory study “City Remixed”, whose first results are discussed in this paper, is to identify re-use and recycling potentials of Graz’s building stock for the city of Graz, in order to initiate the transformation of the building sector of the city towards the circular economy. Considering the city of Graz and its surroundings in a reasonably short transport distance as a closed system, we started by quantifying the existing building stock in form of a digital 3D model as shown in this paper. In addition to the recording of the materials or construction elements present in buildings and infrastructure (networks) and quasi bound in them with regard to type of building material, quantity, condition and position in a geo-information system (“urban cadastre”), the expected future time of availability of the material or construction element is also to be recorded digitally. In the future we will enrich the model with metadata, in order to enable the investigation of re-use and recycling potential of the components and materials as well as to determine companies, manufacturers testing and certification institutes that are necessary for these processes. Finally, we will develop renewal scenarios based on the existing building stock, as a result of possible component and material flows. From this process, we identify the fields of action, we settle decision-making bases and provide recommendations with regard to the transformation to a circular economy for different stakeholders, including the citizens. In this context digital technologies allow the storage, retrieve, management and update of large amounts of information, support the development of circular economy scenarios, which in turn offer a simple way towards the re-use and recycle of materials in the building industry.

The DTA-LI system's fusion data method is crucial in the monitoring of appliance loads for the purposes of improving energy efficiency and management. Common home electrical devices are identified and classified from smart meter data through the analysis of voltage and current variations, allowing for the measurement of energy usage in residential buildings. A load identification system based on a decision tree algorithm may infer information about the residents of a building based on their energy usage habits. Better power savings rates, load shedding management, and overall electrical system performance are the results of the clusters' ability to capture families' purchasing patterns and geo-Demographic segmentation. The DTA-LI system's fusion data method presents a promising avenue for improving residential buildings' energy performance and lowering their carbon footprint, especially in light of the widespread use of smart meters in recent years.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing problem worldwide, as populations increase, and consumption patterns change. It not only causes pollution and health hazards, but it also results in the depletion of resources. Considering this, the utilization of MSW in sustainable construction materials has become a critical area of research. The purpose of this review study is to explore the various ways in which MSW can be utilized in sustainable construction materials such as fired clay bricks, eco-cement, geo-polymer, fly ash (FA), bottom ash (BA), ceramic bricks, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), incineration bottom ash (IBA), and coal bottom ash (CBA). This article also helps to understand the properties of waste-based materials and the potential for their use in various applications. This information renders the construction sector to design and develop standard guidelines for the use of waste-based materials. The significance of this review article lies in its potential to transform the construction sector into a more sustainable and resource efficient sector by leveraging the resources that are already available. Integrating waste into construction materials not only averts the waste from landfills and incinerators, but also facilitates the necessity of raw materials and consequently sustains the natural resources. Additionally, the utilization of waste-based building materials can lead to a reduction in the carbon trace of the construction industry, as waste materials often have lower embodied energy compared to traditional building materials. The outcomes of this review will provide valuable insights into the potential of MSW as a resource in sustainable construction and contribute to the development of effective Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) strategies.

Abstract Exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTE) from various sources seriously threatens the ecosystem in the modern era. Fly ash produced from coal and solid waste combustion contains a high concentration of PTE. Fly ash is a major by-product of coal-based thermal power plants and municipal solid waste incineration units. Due to the high demand for fly ash reuse due to its unique properties, fly ash is now in demand for manufacturing of various building materials and geo-liner for landfills. Brick is the primary building material used in construction. Fly ash bricks are very popular nowadays due to their low cost and high durability. This study reveals the ecological risk index through the exposure of heavy metals in fly ash reported in various studies. Results indicate extremely high ecological risk mainly due to Cd content in fly ash followed by Hg, As, Cu, and Pb. Fly ash is one of the causative agents for several diseases affecting the nervous system, skin, circulatory system, digestive system, reproductive system, and immune responses in the human body.

The present work is devoted to the theoretical study of heat transfer in the enclosing structures of a wooden building exposed to the front of a forest fire. In the general case, the following effects could be distinguished: The direct effect of a forest fire flame, the effect of convective and radiant heat flux, and the removal of firebrands from the front of a forest fire. In this paper, only building enclosures were considered to be exposed to radiant heat flux from the front of a forest fire. The scenarios of the impacts of low- and high-intensity surface forest fires and crown forest fires were considered, taking into account the parameterized structure of the fire front, as well as various cladding materials and the time of the forest fire. As a result of mathematical modeling, temperature distributions over the surface and thickness of the cladding material were obtained, and ignition conditions were determined based on experimental data. The proposed simplified mathematical model and the obtained results can be used in the practice of protecting industrial facilities or rural settlements from forest fires. Particular attention should be paid to the potential use of the results in the Information System for Remote Monitoring of Forest Fires, ISDM-Rosleskhoz, in conjunction with geo-information technologies and methods of remote monitoring.

Face aux défis du 21° siècle, les questions énergétiques et environnementales sont au cœur des préoccupations de nos sociétés. Le secteur du bâtiment, parmi les plus impactants, doit s'emparer de cette réalité pour opérer une transition à la fois rapide, pertinente et durable. L'utilisation de matériaux de construction bio et géo-sourcés permet d'améliorer le confort intérieur et l'efficacité énergétique du bâti tout diminuant l'impact environnemental de la construction. Dans ce cadre, le béton de chanvre est une alternative prometteuse qui se développe depuis plusieurs années. Cependant, de nombreux co-produits agricoles -autres que la chènevotte- peuvent être valorisés dans les matériaux de construction. Ces derniers sont, de surcroît, largement disponibles grâce aux différentes cultures implantées localement (tournesol, colza, lin, ...). Toutefois, de nombreux freins expliquent l'assurabilité délicate de ces éco-matériaux, ce qui limite aujourd'hui leur utilisation à grande échelle à des fins d'isolation répartie. Leur comportement complexe, face aux variations de température et d'humidité relative, est probablement un des principaux verrous à lever. Ces travaux de thèse visent donc à mieux comprendre les phénomènes physiques qui s'opèrent dans ces matériaux, à les modéliser et à proposer des modèles de prédiction de leur comportement thermique. Ils s'appuient principalement sur des techniques d'homogénéisation analytique (Mori Tanaka et Double Inclusion) permettant de considérer la variabilité de la conductivité thermique sous les contraintes d'usage. La considération d'une échelle stratégique, celle de la particule végétale, permet une application étendue à une large gamme de co-produits agricoles. Ainsi, l'analyse multi-échelle proposée permet de prédire et d'optimiser le comportement thermo-hygrique de ces éco-matériaux avant même l'étape de fabrication et en appui des travaux expérimentaux. Ces travaux devraient favoriser l'émergence d'économies locales autour de matériaux de construction sains, efficaces et écologique. Ils constituent des leviers stratégiques à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre visée par le Pacte Vert pour l'Europe, d'ici 2030
The challenges of the 21st century require energy and environmental issues to be central concerns for society. The building sector, one of the most environmentally-impacting, must seize this opportunity to ensure a rapid, relevant and sustainable transition. The use of bio- and geo-based building materials allows improvements in indoor comfort and energy efficiency to be achieved, while reducing the building environmental impact. Hemp concrete is a promising alternative which has been developing for several years. However, many agricultural by-products - other than hemp shives - can be used in construction materials. Moreover, they are widely available thanks to the various local crops (sunflower, rapeseed, flax, etc.). Nevertheless, numerous obstacles explain the delicate insurability of these eco-materials, which currently limits their large-scale use for distributed insulation. Their complex behavior, when subjected to temperature and relative humidity variations, is probably one of the main obstacles to be overcome. The aim of this thesis work is therefore to gain a better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in these materials, to model them and to propose models for predicting their thermal behavior. It is mainly based on analytical homogenization techniques (Mori Tanaka and Double Inclusion) allowing the variability of thermal conductivity to be taken into account under use conditions. By considering a strategic scale, the plant particle one, it is possible to extend the approach to a wide range of agricultural co-products. The proposed multi-scale analysis enables the thermo-hygric behavior of these eco-materials to be predicted and optimized even before the manufacturing stage, and as a support for experimental work. This research is expected to encourage the emergence of local economies based on healthy, efficient and environmentally-friendly construction materials. They represent strategic levers in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions targeted by the Green Pact for Europe between now and 2030

AbstractGlobal environmental awareness pushes the building sector to achieve carbon neutrality and find low embodied impact solutions. The European Union has set a 2050 goal and is regulating the whole carbon life cycle (embodied and operational) as part of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). In this scope, low-tech geo-bio-based materials can have an important role in reducing the embodied environmental impacts and carbon in buildings. Due to their low processing production, these materials fit in a circular approach since they can be easily recycled or returned to the natural environment at a minimal environmental cost. However, the lack of quantitative data on the life cycle environmental performance of some non-conventional techniques can hinder their use since professionals cannot compare the benefits of such versus conventional practice and comply with future EPBD requirements. This paper aims to contribute to the topic by presenting results on the life cycle environmental performance of earthen materials and bio-based insulation products versus conventional solutions based on data from Environmental Product Declarations or studies following the EN15804 standard. The results show that earthen materials can reduce the potential environmental impacts by about 50% versus conventional mansory walls. At the same time, bio-based insulation solutions offer the advantage of lowering operational carbon emissions and stocking carbon (e.g. straw has a Global Warming Potential performance about three times better than Expanded Polystyrene). The benefits of using earthen and bio-based materials are also discussed for the different building life-cycle stages, focusing on the possibility of reusing/recycling these materials in a closed-loop approach.

Colombia is a country located in a geographical area with great geological diversity, where every day the effects of climate change increases the probability of the failure of buried pipelines due to the movement of land or the instability associated with them. That is why the use of geometric In Line Inspection (ILI) intelligent tools with the inertial module is important for the diagnosis of structural integrity of pipelines and is associated with an integrity management program due to the geotechnical threats present throughout its path. It decreases maintenance costs due to pump stoppage for unscheduled repairs, anticipating the solution, and mitigating and controlling deformations in the pipeline caused by geotechnical ground displacements. OCENSA-Pipeline Central SA (Colombia) has developed, through its experience, a program to manage integrity by determining the structural expense in specific sections due to displacement of the pipeline caused by ground movement through the use of the Geometric ILI tools and MFL inertial module. This paper specifically presents the use of the tool in decision-making based on OCENSA’s preset study limits for deformations in the elastic range and plastic building material of the pipeline. In 1997 OCENSA was among the first companies in Latin America to use Inertial Geo-positioning technology; today there are sectors which have been inspected with this technology as many as five times, in which pipe displacement of up to 5 meters has been found. The case study presented refers to a geographical point on the route of the pipeline located in the Andes, at the site of the movement known as the “La negra” ravine, near the town of Puente Nacional, where movements of the pipeline associated with geotechnically unstable slope conditions were detected by In line inspection (ILI) Geometric and inertial modules, beginning in 2004. Since that time, integrity management was conducted in order to reduce the chances pipeline failure will materialize in this area of geotechnical instability.