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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Gender-explicit provisions“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Gender-explicit provisions"
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Tazo, Maria Inmaculada, Ana Boyano, Unai Fernandez-Gámiz und Amaia Calleja-Ochoa. „The Gender Perspective of Professional Competencies in Industrial Engineering Studies“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (07.04.2020): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072945.
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Sexism and gender relations in higher education require special attention and are a topic of great interest in regulations related to education. The low participation percentage of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) studies has been identified as one of the main problems that must be resolved in order to close the gender gap that exists in the technology sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of professional competences on the selection of university studies according to the absence or presence of masculinization factors in those studies. Mechanical engineering competences, both generic and transversal, and competence acquisition methods, are classified into ‘care’ (feminine) or ‘provisions’ (masculine) concepts. After the competence analysis, it can be concluded that explicit engineering curricula are focused on “provisions”, which translates into a cultural perception of industrial engineering as a male profession. After a professional competence analysis in engineering studies at The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), our study identified a relationship between the masculinization factors included in professional competences and the selection of university studies. This paper presents working actions towards the incorporation of a gender perspective into the degree in mechanical engineering at the UPV/EHU.
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Bell, Christine, und Catherine O'Rourke. „PEACE AGREEMENTS OR PIECES OF PAPER? THE IMPACT OF UNSC RESOLUTION 1325 ON PEACE PROCESSES AND THEIR AGREEMENTS“. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 59, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2010): 941–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058931000062x.
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AbstractOn the 31 October 2000 UNSC Resolution 1325 was adopted. The resolution provided for a range of measures aimed at the inclusion of women in the prevention, management and resolution of conflict. In particular, several of the resolution's provisions addressed the role of women and gender in peace negotiations and agreements. This article examines whether and how Resolution 1325 has impacted on the drafting of peace agreements. We analyse explicit references to women and gender in peace agreements from 1990 to 2010, providing a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the extent to which women and gender are addressed. We conclude by using our findings and analysis to address the relationship of feminist intervention to international law, and debates around the strategies and trade-offs which underlie feminist promotion and use of UN Security Council Resolutions in particular.
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Havelková, Barbara. „The struggle for social constructivism in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe“. International Journal of Constitutional Law 18, Nr. 2 (Juli 2020): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa048.
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Abstract This paper argues that some of the difficulties faced by gender equality in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) can be explained by a missing paradigmatic shift to a constructivist understanding of gender. Arguably the most explicit rejection of a constructivist gender perspective was recently served by the Bulgarian Constitutional Court’s judgment, closely analyzed in the paper, which found certain provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) incompatible with the Bulgarian Constitution. A constructivist analysis of gender-based violence is capable of offering a range of important contextual insights into gender-based violence, whereas those who only have biology in their analytical arsenal are more limited (for example, sexual predation is thus either an “innate” male sexual drive or a psychologically certifiable deviance). The Bulgarian Constitutional Court, as the paper shows, does not even get as far as debating the insights gender analysis offers, but rather rejects them wholesale merely because the term “gender” is used. While a constructivist, critical (feminist) understanding of gender is under attack globally, this paper shows that the assault is particularly grave in at least certain postsocialist CEE countries, where it is not a mere backlash against a reasonably well-established viewpoint, but a fierce ex ante rejection of a concept not yet understood or debated.
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Frunse, Tamara. „Hidden Constructs of Sexual Victimization of Men and Boys in Armed Conflict: Prosecutorial and Jurisdictional Trajectories of the International Criminal Courts and Tribunals“. Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 1, Nr. 1 (10.09.2020): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644720x15989693725711.
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During armed conflict, sexual violence against women regularly takes on different forms than against the male gender. Frequently, men and boys are attacked either by coercion to witness sexual violence committed against their family and community members, or to rape and sexually assault others. The shared feature of both forms of such victimization is that they rarely constitute an attack on the individual alone. Instead, they are utilized by perpetrators as a war tactic to debase entire communities. Protection for male victims of these forms of sexual violence is limited due to a disconnect between formal statutory provisions under International Criminal Law (ICL) criminalizing sexual violence and the jurisprudential interpretation thereof. The jurisprudence of the international criminal courts and tribunals has been widely criticized in academic literature for misclassifying sexual harm against men and accommodating it incoherently under various provisions other than the explicit sexual violence norms. The prosecutorial and jurisprudential dichotomy partly originates in the lack of clarity surrounding these selected forms of sexual violence. In light of their devastating impact on men and boys, this article aims to map the inconsistencies within and between selected international criminal courts and tribunals and prompts to rethink current international criminal jurisprudence to coherently address and condemn such forms of sexual violence.
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Duyck, Sébastien. „Delivering on the Paris Promises? Review of the Paris Agreement’s Implementing Guidelines from a Human Rights Perspective“. Climate Law 9, Nr. 3 (26.06.2019): 202–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00903004.
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The adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 constituted an unprecedented step in the recognition by states of the importance of ensuring that their action on the climate is informed by human rights: for the first time a global environmental legal instrument referred explicitly to human rights. However, whether this provision will contribute to the shaping of climate policies depends significantly on the extent to which it is integrated into further guidance regarding the implementation of the Agreement. The adoption by states of guidance on most aspects of the Paris Agreement, at cop 24/cma1.3, in December 2018, is a litmus test on whether the implementation of the Agreement is likely to reflect a higher level of integration of human rights concerns into climate governance. Having noted the absence of explicit reference to human rights in the guidelines, this article reviews key aspects of the guidelines from the perspective of principles related to human rights, such as public participation, gender equality, and respect for the rights and knowledge of indigenous peoples. This review includes an analysis of the final provisions in key chapters of the guidelines. It is informed by the positions put forward by countries throughout the drafting process as well as by the evolution of negotiating texts prior to the finalization of the guidelines. The review finds that cop 24/cma1.3 failed, for the most part, to uphold the principles laid out in the preamble to the Paris Agreement, particularly in relation to human rights; the guidelines make only a few references to human-rights-related principles.
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Mavani, Hamid. „Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition“. American Journal of Islam and Society 32, Nr. 2 (01.04.2015): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i2.981.
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The polyvalent Qur’anic text lends itself to multiple interpretations, dependingupon one’s presuppositions and premises. In fact, Q. 3:7 distinguishesbetween muḥkam (explicit, categorical) and mutashābih (metaphorical, allegorical,symbolic) verses. As such, this device provides a way for reinterpretingverses that outwardly appear to be problematic – be it in the area ofgender equality, minority rights, religious freedom, or war. However, manyof the verses dealing with legal provisions in such areas as devotional matters,marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance and bequest, and specific punishmentsappear to be unequivocal, categorical, and explicit. As such, scholarshave devised certain hermeneutical strategies to situate and contextualizethese verses in a particular socio-historical context, as well as to emphasizethat they were in conversation with the society to which the Qur’an was revealedand thereby underlining the “performative” (p.15) nature of the relationshipbetween the Qur’an and the society.No verse is more problematic, in the sense that it offends contemporarysensibilities and is quite difficult to reconcile with an egalitarian worldviewwhen dealing with gender issues, than Q. 4:34, which allows the husband todiscipline his wife if he deems her guilty of nushūz (e.g., disobedience, intransigence,sexual lewdness, aloofness, dislike or hatred of himself). AyeshaChaudhry undertakes a study of this challenging verse by engaging the corpusof literature in Arabic from the classical period to the seventeenth century; shealso includes Urdu and English sources for the post-colonial period.She starts off by relating her personal journey from a state of discomfortand puzzlement when she first came across this verse in middle school to adefensive posture in trying to convince herself by invoking the Prophet’scompassion toward his wives and in cherishing the idea that the Qur’an gavemore rights to women than either the Hebrew Bible or the New Testament.She began a more rigorous and nuanced study of this verse after equippingherself with the necessary academic tools and analytic skills during her universitystudies. Frustrated with the shallow responses and the scholars’ circumspectionas regards any creative and novel reading of the verse for fearof losing their status in the community, she decided to do so herself with thehope of discovering views that would promote an egalitarian reading ...
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Drywood, Eleanor. „'Child-proofing' EU law and policy: interrogating the law-making processes behind European asylum and immigration provision“. International Journal of Children's Rights 19, Nr. 3 (2011): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181811x584541.
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AbstractThe EU is pursuing an increasingly explicit agenda in relation to young immigrants and asylum-seekers, leading the supra-national legislature to grapple with the question of how to ensure that children's rights are upheld through this body of law. The tool of mainstreaming, which ensures that a particular concern is promoted through its incorporation into the entire law-making process, has emerged as a key strategy in this regard. This article explores the use of mainstreaming within the specific context of children's rights and uses its implementation in the specific context of the European Union's (EU's) asylum and immigration laws as a case-study to assess both its successes and its shortcomings. Using similar mainstreaming activities in the gender equality arena by way of illustration, the analysis questions, in particular, the capacity of mainstreaming: to accommodate the heterogeneity of child migrants as a group; to ensure appropriate representation and coordination in relation to children's rights at institutional level; and to deliver an adequate knowledge base to underpin decision making in the legislative process in relation to young immigrants and asylumseekers. The discussion concludes by pointing to some of the current deficiencies of children's rights mainstreaming, and speculating on its capacity to successfully promote the needs of young people in EU laws and policies in the future.
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Szebehely, Marta, und Gabrielle Meagher. „Nordic eldercare – Weak universalism becoming weaker?“ Journal of European Social Policy 28, Nr. 3 (10.12.2017): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717735062.
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This article builds on recent research on the fortunes of universalism in European social policy by tracing the development of eldercare policy in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Six dimensions of universalism are used to assess whether and how eldercare has been universalized or de-universalized in each country in recent decades and the consequences of the trends thereby identified. We find that de-universalization has occurred in all four countries, but more so in Finland and Sweden than in Denmark and Norway. Available data show an increase in for-profit provision of publicly funded care services (via policies promoting service marketization), and an increase of family care (re-familialization), as well as of services paid out-of-pocket (privatization). These changes have occurred without an explicit attack on universalism or retrenchment of formal rights. Nevertheless, the changes threaten the class- and gender-equalizing potential of Nordic welfare states.
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DEY, IAN. „Wearing Out the Work Ethic: Population Ageing, Fertility and Work–Life Balance“. Journal of Social Policy 35, Nr. 4 (04.09.2006): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406000134.
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In response to population ageing, the UK intends to increase female labour supply. To this end, the Chancellor has announced a ten-year strategy designed to allow parents to combine work with family responsibilities more easily. The policies proposed centre on extending parental leave and childcare provision, while promoting greater flexibility in employment. While these policies may improve labour supply in the short term, this article looks at their implications for fertility, which if negative may reduce the labour supply in the longer term. Recent demographic studies suggest that measures which allow women more readily to combine childbearing with paid employment may also stabilise or improve fertility rates, so mitigating the trend to population ageing. However, the evidence is not conclusive, for relationships between female employment and fertility are complex and context dependent. The article suggests several factors that might therefore merit further consideration. These include gender inequities in the domestic division of labour, long working hours and a re-evaluation of unpaid work in the home. Enthusiasm for the work ethic may have to be balanced by a more explicit acknowledgement of a care ethic.
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Sattar, Tehmina, Ghulam Yasin und Saima Afzal. „Socio-Cultural and Economic Impediments of Inequality in Provision of Educational Right to Female: A Case of Southern Punjab (Pakistan)“. International Journal of Human Resource Studies 2, Nr. 1 (04.02.2012): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v2i1.1210.
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Abstract:Inequality in provision of educational right to girls is the leading rationale of their exclusion from the mainstream. If the marginalized sections of the society such as minorities, disabled and girls are given education as their indispensable human right then this will escorts towards their social inclusion in education sector. Enrollment ratios of girls lag far behind than boys at all levels of education in Pakistan. Worldwide literacy rates for adult men far exceed from women. Education enhances labor market productivity and income growth, yet educated women have beneficial effects on social well-being of the family. The social benefits from women's education ranges from fostering economic growth to extending the average life expectancy among female population. Despite these facts the issue of educational right for girls has been denied in the educational policies of Pakistan since 1947. In Pakistan women have to face biasness in acquiring quality education. Gender discrimination is explicit from Economic Survey of Pakistan (2010) where the men are 65% literate and the women are 45% literate. In Southern Punjab (Pakistan) rigid cultural patterns, poverty, prejudice, stereotypic expectations from girls education, restricted movement of girls, precarious traveling and lack of female teachers confines the girls from acquiring quality education. The respondents (N=600) were interviewed from affiliated schools (n=100 out of N=520) from BISE through multistage sampling technique from Multan and Khanewal districts. The results of the research illustrated that parental preference to boys education, rigid cultural patterns, cost of schooling (direct and indirect) and low socio-economic status of the parents were the foremost determinants of social exclusion of girls from education sector of Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Despite these determinants family size, prejudice, patriarchal structure of society, limited involvement of girls in decision making process and rigid values allied with girls education are the major constraints that restricted the access of girls from education sector of Southern Punjab (Pakistan).
Dissertationen zum Thema "Gender-explicit provisions"
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Steiner, Elise. „European Union’s Gender-explicit PROVISIONS IN free-trade agreements and gender equality : An intersectional feminist approach to international law“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177319.
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The European Commission unveiled in February 2021 its updated policy regarding international trade. One of the key pillars of this strategy is the inclusion of gender equality within the EU trade policies. This inclusion is in line with the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025. The latter sets that the Union must promote gender equality and women’s empowerment within its external relationship, notably in its free-trade agreements, which are international agreements aiming at reducing trade barriers and facilitating exchanges. This thesis provides an insight into the gender-explicit provisions that exist within European Union’s free trade agreements since 1958. It uses computational science coupled with text analysis to explore the general context in which they were concluded, but as well explores their wordings and their content. It provides then an analysis of the gender responsiveness of these gender-explicit provisions. Finally, this thesis provides recommendations on how to improve EU free trade agreements’ gender responsiveness.
Buchteile zum Thema "Gender-explicit provisions"
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Makonese, Makanatsa. „How Zimbabwe’s 2013 Constitution Addresses Women’s Election and Participation in Parliament“. In Democracy, Elections, and Constitutionalism in Africa, 432–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894779.003.0016.
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The 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe has been hailed as a modern and progressive Constitution that addresses contemporary human rights issues, including gender equality and the promotion of women’s rights. It clearly provides for gender parity in public bodies, including in elective positions. The affirmative action provisions on a women’s quota in the National Assembly and gender equality in party lists for Senators have been useful in increasing the number of women in parliament. However, even with these improvements, the mere existence of the progressive Constitution has not led to gender parity in the Parliament of Zimbabwe or in other elective or public institutions such as local councils and cabinet. This is mainly because key actors and structures such as political parties, the government, and the successive Presidents of Zimbabwe have not fully adhered to the provisions of the Constitution regarding gender equality in public bodies, except where the Constitution provides explicit guidance on how to achieve this. The enactment of legislation to operationalize some of the less explicit provisions of the Constitution may therefore be useful in ensuring compliance with the gender equality provisions in relation to parliament and other public bodies in the country.