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Brito, Vinicius Nahime, Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca, Laura M. F. F. Guilhoto, Karina Cocco Monteiro Freitas, Ivo J. Prado Arnhold und Ana Claudia Latronico. „Allelic Variants of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid-A Receptor α1-Subunit Gene (GABRA1) Are Not Associated with Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty in Girls with and without Electroencephalographic Abnormalities“. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, Nr. 6 (01.06.2006): 2432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2657.
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Abstract Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of brain electric activity and puberty onset in primates. GABA inhibitory effects on GnRH neurons are mainly mediated by GABA-A receptor α1-subunit. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate functional mutations or polymorphisms of the GABA-A receptor α1-subunit gene (GABRA1) in girls with idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) with and without electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Design: The entire coding region of GABRA1 was sequenced in all patients. Two known GABRA1 polymorphisms were investigated by GeneScan software analysis or enzymatic restriction. Seventy-three normal women were used as controls for genetic study. EEG tracings were recorded in 23 girls with GDPP and 17 girls with adequate pubertal development. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Patients: Thirty-one girls from 28 unrelated families with idiopathic GDPP were studied. Results: Automatic sequencing revealed no functional mutations in girls with GDPP. Seven different GABRA1 polymorphisms, including two exonic (156T>C and 1323G>A) and five intronic [IVS2–712(GT)n, IVS3+12A>T, IVS8+45T>G, IVS9+76A>G, and IVS10+15G>A], were found in GDPP girls and controls. Abnormal EEG tracings were found in 26% of 23 girls with GDPP, two of them with epilepsy. The genotype and allele frequencies of the GABRA1 polymorphisms were not statistically different between unrelated GDPP girls and controls or between GDPP girls with or without EEG abnormalities. Conclusions: GABRA1 functional mutations or polymorphisms are not associated with the intrinsic mechanism of GDPP in girls with and without EEG abnormalities.
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Wang, Feng, Qing He, Kaixuan Su, Tiandi Wei, Sujuan Xu und Lichuan Gu. „Structural and biochemical characterization of the catalytic domains of GdpP reveals a unified hydrolysis mechanism for the DHH/DHHA1 phosphodiesterase“. Biochemical Journal 475, Nr. 1 (05.01.2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170739.
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The Asp-His-His and Asp-His-His-associated (DHH/DHHA1) domain-containing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that catalyze degradation of cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) could be subdivided into two subfamilies based on the final product [5′-phosphadenylyl-adenosine (5′-pApA) or AMP]. In a previous study, we revealed that Rv2837c, a stand-alone DHH/DHHA1 PDE, employs a 5′-pApA internal flipping mechanism to produce AMPs. However, why the membrane-bound DHH/DHHA1 PDE can only degrade c-di-AMP to 5′-pApA remains obscure. Here, we report the crystal structure of the DHH/DHHA1 domain of GdpP (GdpP-C), and structures in complex with c-di-AMP, cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and 5′-pApA. Structural analysis reveals that GdpP-C binds nucleotide substrates quite differently from how Rv2837c does in terms of substrate-binding position. Accordingly, the nucleotide-binding site of the DHH/DHHA1 PDEs is organized into three (C, G, and R) subsites. For GdpP-C, in the C and G sites c-di-AMP binds and degrades into 5′-pApA, and its G site determines nucleotide specificity. To further degrade into AMPs, 5′-pApA must slide into the C and R sites for flipping and hydrolysis as in Rv2837c. Subsequent mutagenesis and enzymatic studies of GdpP-C and Rv2837c uncover the complete flipping process and reveal a unified catalytic mechanism for members of both DHH/DHHA1 PDE subfamilies.
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Yava Rony, Devi, Prih Sarnianto und Yusi Anggriani. „Pengaruh Asuhan Kefarmasian Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cirebon“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 5, Nr. 6 (20.06.2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i6.1324.
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Asuhan kefarmasian pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat sehingga glukosa darah terkendali dan kualitas hidup optimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asuhan kefarmasian dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat, pengendalian kadar glukosa darah dan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian bersifat prospektif menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental komparatif (control group design withpre-test-post-test). Sebanyak 80 pasien terdiri dari 40 pasien non-Prolanis Puskesmas Talun (intervensi, diberi asuhan kefarmasian) dengan total sampling dan 40 pasien non-Prolanis Puskesmas Karangsari (kontrol, tanpa asuhan kefarmasian) dengan consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner MMAS-8 (kepatuhan), SF-36 (kualitas hidup) dan kadar GDP, GDPP dari hasil laboratorium. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan (p < 0,005) sebelum dan sesudah asuhan kefarmasian terhadap tingkat kepatuhan, kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup pasien kelompok intervensi.Hasil Uji Mann Whitnney menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan (p < 0,05) tingkat kepatuhan, kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup akibat asuhan kefarmasian pada pasien kelompok intervensi. Asuhan kefarmasian dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan, keterkendalian kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup pasien non-Prolanis DM tipe 2 pada puskesmas tertentu di Kabupaten Cirebon.
Kata kunci: Asuhan kefarmasian, Kualitas hidup dan Pasien DM.
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Rosdaniati, Rosdaniati, Yusi Anggriani, Hesty Utami R und Tri Kusumaeni. „Evaluasi Profil Pengobatan dan Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog pada Pasien BPJS DM Tipe 2 Di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 5, Nr. 8 (21.08.2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i8.1554.
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Insulin digunakan untuk menurunkan glukosa darah dan kadar HbA1C serta dapat mengurangi komplikasi mikrovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pengobatan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pemilihan terapi insulin dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan outcome klinis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan insulin di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif, yang dilakukan secara longitudinal time series. Populasi adalah pasien BPJS DM tipe 2 RSUP Persahabatan periode Januari 2017-Desember 2018 sejumlah 1.100 pasien. Sampel sebanyak 285 diambil dengan rumus Krecjie Morgan. Data berasal dari rekam medis di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit menggunakan formulir isian dan kuesioner dan diolah serta dianalisa dengan SPSS versi 23. Obat DM oral yang banyak diresepkan adalah Sulfonilurea. Obat non DM yang sering diresepkan adalah obat jantung. Insulin yang sering digunakan berdasarkan jenis adalah insulin Humalog, merk adalah Humalog Mix dan berdasarkan kerja adalah Insulin analog intermediate acting. Berdasarkan outcome klinik, outcome klinik GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C pada pasien usia ≤ 60 tahun atau > 60 tahun secara umum termasuk tidak terkendali/buruk. Berdasarkan hasil uji Kruskall Walls, pada outcome GDP ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin (minimal ada satu pasang golongan yang berbeda nyata) terhadap outcome GDP. Pada outcome GDPP dan HbA1C tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin terhadap outcome GDPP dan HbA1C. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann Whitney, dengan 28 kelompok pasangan insulin, diperoleh hasil nilai outcome klinik GDP berbeda nyata yaitu pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting dengan insulin analog intermediate acting, begitupun antara insulin fast acting dan kombinasi insulin, baik kombinasi yang menggunakan 2 macam insulin analog, maupun kombinasi antara insulin analog dan ADO. Pada uji nilai outcome klinik GDPP berbeda nyata pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting maupun insulin long acting dengan kombinasi insulin intermediate acting dan ADO. Pada hasil HbA1c menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan penggunaan terapi berbagai jenis insulin.
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Brito, Vinicius Nahime, Ana Claudia Latronico, Ivo J. P. Arnhold und Berenice Bilharinho Mendonça. „Update on the etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic management of sexual precocity“. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 52, Nr. 1 (Februar 2008): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302008000100005.
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Precocious puberty is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and mimics the physiological pubertal development, although at an inadequate chronological age. Hormonal evaluation, mainly through basal and GnRH-stimulated LH levels shows activation of the gonadotropic axis. Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) is the result of the secretion of sex steroids, independently from the activation of the gonadotropic axis. Several genetic causes, including constitutive activating mutations in the human LH-receptor gene and activating mutations in the Gs protein a-subunit gene are described as the etiology of testotoxicosis and McCune-Albright syndrome, respectively. The differential diagnosis between GDPP and GIPP has direct implications on the therapeutic option. Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are the treatment of choice in GDPP. The treatment monitoring is carried out by clinical examination, hormonal evaluation measurements and image studies. For treatment of GIPP, drugs that act by blocking the action of sex steroids on their specific receptors (cyproterone, tamoxifen) or through their synthesis (ketoconazole, medroxyprogesterone, aromatase inhibitors) are used. In addition, variants of the normal pubertal development include isolated forms of precocious thelarche, precocious pubarche and precocious menarche. Here, we provide an update on the etiology, diagnosis and management of sexual precocity.
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Laxmi, Dewi, Shirly Kumala, Prih Sarnianto und Asnah Tarigan. „Pengaruh Edukasi Farmasis terhadap Hasil Terapi dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Prolanis Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, Nr. 1 (20.01.2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i1.2086.
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Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu penyakit atau gangguan metabolisme kronis dengan multi etiologi yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah disertai dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein, dan lipid sebagai akibat insufiensi fungsi insulin. Penyakit DM memerlukan pengelolaan secara benar, terpadu, dan berkesinambungan sehingga glukosa darah dapat terkontrol dan kualitas hidup yang optimal akan tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya konseling farmasis dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 sehingga tercapai hasil terapi kualitas hidup yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain Two Group Pretest-Posttest. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok intervensi setelah diuji Wilcoxon terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan, peningkatan nilai kepatuhan, penurunan kadar gula darah puasa (GDP), penurunan kadar Gula Darah Setelah Makan (GDPP) dan peningkatan nilai kualitas hidup yang signifikan, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan, peningkatan nilai kepatuhan, penurunan kadar GDP, dan peningkatan nilai kualitas hidup tidak signifikan, hanya pada penurunan kadar GDPP yang signifikan. Dari hasil uji Mann Whitney ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol pada tingkat pengetahuan, kepatuhan, GDPP, dan kualitas hidup, sedangkan pada GDP tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Dengan uji Spearmen’s terlihat adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan, kepatuhan, kadar gula darah, dan kualitas hidup. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya konseling oleh farmasis dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, dan kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe II sehingga tercapai hasil terapi dan kualitas hidup yang optimal.
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Holland, Linda M., Sinéad T. O'Donnell, Dmitri A. Ryjenkov, Larissa Gomelsky, Shawn R. Slater, Paul D. Fey, Mark Gomelsky und James P. O'Gara. „A Staphylococcal GGDEF Domain Protein Regulates Biofilm Formation Independently of Cyclic Dimeric GMP“. Journal of Bacteriology 190, Nr. 15 (23.05.2008): 5178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00375-08.
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ABSTRACT Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important biofilm regulator that allosterically activates enzymes of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Proteobacterial genomes usually encode multiple GGDEF domain-containing diguanylate cyclases responsible for c-di-GMP synthesis. In contrast, only one conserved GGDEF domain protein, GdpS (for GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus), and a second protein with a highly modified GGDEF domain, GdpP, are present in the sequenced staphylococcal genomes. Here, we investigated the role of GdpS in biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inactivation of gdpS impaired biofilm formation in medium supplemented with NaCl under static and flow-cell conditions, whereas gdpS overexpression complemented the mutation and enhanced wild-type biofilm development. GdpS increased production of the icaADBC-encoded exopolysaccharide, poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine, by elevating icaADBC mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, c-di-GMP synthesis was found to be irrelevant for the ability of GdpS to elevate icaADBC expression. Mutagenesis of the GGEEF motif essential for diguanylate cyclase activity did not impair GdpS, and the N-terminal fragment of GdpS lacking the GGDEF domain partially complemented the gdpS mutation. Furthermore, heterologous diguanylate cyclases expressed in trans failed to complement the gdpS mutation, and the purified GGDEF domain from GdpS possessed no diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro. The gdpS gene from Staphylococcus aureus exhibited similar characteristics to its S. epidermidis ortholog, suggesting that the GdpS-mediated signal transduction is conserved in staphylococci. Therefore, GdpS affects biofilm formation through a novel c-di-GMP-independent mechanism involving increased icaADBC mRNA levels and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Our data raise the possibility that staphylococci cannot synthesize c-di-GMP and have only remnants of a c-di-GMP signaling pathway.
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Durand, Geraldine, Celine Dupieux-Chabert, Claude-Alexandre Gustave, Michèle Bes, Berangere Fruiquière, Corine Fulchiron, Lorette Munoz et al. „608. Emerging Methicillin Resistance Mechanism in mec Gene-Negative Staphylococci not Detected by Reference Methods“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.677.
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Abstract Background B-lactam resistance in Staphylococci is mediated by mec genes usually diagnosed by disc diffusion Cefoxitin test (DDFOX) and PCR testing. Here, we report methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus aureus strains lacking mec gene misdiagnosed by reference methods. Since the strains are not B-lactamase hyperproducers we investigated the molecular basis of the methicillin resistance. Methods We tested 2 S. lugdunensis isolates (SL1, SL2) collected from distinct blood cultures of the same patient and 2 S. aureus isolates (SA1, SA2): (i) by DDFOX, (ii) for Oxacillin MIC by agar dilution (AD), (iii) by VITEK®2 (bioMérieux) for Oxacillin MIC (V2 OXA) and Cefoxitin Screen Test (V2 OXSF), (iv) for mecA, B, C genes by PCR and (v) by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results The 4 isolates were methicillin susceptible by DD FOX and mec negative. However, all the isolates displayed variable results for V2 OXA MIC (0.5 to ≥4 mg/L) and for V2 OXSF (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE). For SL1 and SL2 isolates, the V2 OXSF growth curve atypical pattern has led to investigating the OXSF wells. The plates inoculated with the broth extracted from the OXSF well showed 2 colony morphotypes (small “P” and regular “G”) for both isolates. The small colonies (SL1P, SL2P) were Oxacillin resistant (V2 OXA MIC≥4; AD MIC = 4) and V2 OXSF POSITIVE whereas the regular colonies (SL1G, SL2G) were Oxacillin susceptible (V2 OXA MIC = 2; AD MIC = 0.5) and V2 OXSF NEGATIVE. The 4 morphotypes were cefoxitin susceptible by DDFOX and mec negative. Interestingly, WGS revealed a GdpP truncation in the N-terminal domain only found in S. lugdunensis small colonies (SL1P, SL2P) phenotypically resistant to Oxacillin. GdpP is a cyclic diadenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase enzyme which function is the hydrolysis of a signaling nucleotide. Conclusion We described mec negative S. lugdunensis and S. aureus strains expressing heterogeneous methicillin resistance detected by the VITEK2 OXSF test. S. lugdunensis subpopulation of small colonies resistant to oxacillin is associated with a truncation of GdpP protein previously described in S. aureus. Interestingly GdpP loss of function in Staphylococci is associated with a reduced growth and may arise as a result of the selective pressure of exposure to B Lactams. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Retnaningrum, Dyah, Yusi Anggriani und Hesty Utami R. Tri Kusumaeni. „Evaluasi Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog dan Insulin Manusia pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 JKN Rawat Jalan Tahun 2015-2016 Di RSUD Tarakan“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, Nr. 3 (20.03.2021): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i3.2375.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan profil pengobatan, outcome klinis dan biaya antara insulin analog dengan insulin manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode longitudinal time series melalui pengumpulan data secara retrospektif menggunakan penelusuran rekam medis dan kuitansi biaya pengobatan. Sampel yang diambil adalah pasien DM tipe 2 JKN rawat jalan dengan terapi insulin periode Januari 2015-Desember 2016 di RSUD Tarakan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 156 orang. Hasil analisis diperoleh penggunaan terbanyak adalah insulin Analog tunggal (98,19%). Proporsi obat non DM (56,15%) dan obat DM (43,85%). Rata-rata outcome klinis GDP (164,74 mg/ dL) dan GDPP (200,48 mg/ dL). Rata-rata outcome klinis HbA1C pengguna insulin analog tunggal (7,82%) lebih baik dibanding pengguna insulin lainnya. Hasil uji Mann Whitney diperoleh outcome klinis GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal tidak berbeda nyata (p value >0,05). Hasil Outcome klinis GDP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dibanding kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda secara nyata (p value 0,00) , sedangkan GDPP tidak berbeda nyata (p value 0,222). Rata-rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal berbeda nyata (p value 0,001). Rata rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin manusia tunggal dengan kombinasi insulin analog+analog, kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD, kombinasi insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD dengan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD dan kombinasi insulin analog+OAD berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Biaya rata-rata kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD lebih tinggi dibanding biaya rata-rata kombinasi Insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD.
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Fang, Tian, Xiaoqian Zhang, Shanshan Hu, Yanyan Yu, Xue Sun und Nianjun Xu. „Enzymatic Degradation of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Degradation Products“. Marine Drugs 19, Nr. 5 (12.05.2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050270.
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Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLP) were degraded using pectinase, glucoamylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-dextranase into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, namely, GPP, GGP, GCP, GXP, and GDP, respectively, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated. The degraded GLP showed higher antioxidant activities than natural GLP, and GDP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. After the optimization of degradation conditions through single-factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, four polysaccharide fractions (GDP1, GDP2, GDP3, and GDP4) with high antioxidant abilities (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reduction capacity, and total antioxidant capacity) were obtained. Their cytoprotective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL1) cells were examined. Results suggested that GDP pretreatment can significantly improve cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde levels, improve antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondria membrane potential, and alleviate oxidative damage in HFL1 cells. Thus, the enzyme degradation of GLP with β-dextranase can significantly improve its antioxidant activity, and GDP might be a suitable source of natural antioxidants.
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Argudín, M. Angeles, S. Roisin, L. Nienhaus, M. Dodémont, R. de Mendonça, C. Nonhoff, A. Deplano und O. Denis. „Genetic Diversity amongStaphylococcus aureusIsolates Showing Oxacillin and/or Cefoxitin Resistance Not Linked to the Presence ofmecGenes“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, Nr. 7 (16.04.2018): e00091-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00091-18.
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ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates lackingmecgenes (n= 32), collected from Belgian hospitals, were characterized for their β-lactamase production and the presence of mutations inpbpgenes, thepbp4promoter, and genes involved in penicillin-binding protein 4 overproduction (gdpPandyjbH). Twelve isolates were β-lactamase hyperproducers (BHPs), while 12 non-BHP isolates might produce an incomplete GdpP protein. Most isolates showed nucleotide missense mutations inpbpgenes. A few isolates also showed mutations in thepbp4promoter.
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Banerjee, Ritu, Michael Gretes, Christopher Harlem, Li Basuino und Henry F. Chambers. „A mecA-Negative Strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcusaureus with High-Level β-Lactam Resistance Contains Mutations in Three Genes“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, Nr. 11 (30.08.2010): 4900–4902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00594-10.
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ABSTRACT We previously generated a ceftobiprole-resistant S taphylococcus aureus strain after high inoculum serial passage of a mec A-negative variant of strain COL (R. Banerjee, M. Gretes, L. Basuino, N. Strynadka, and H. F. Chambers, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52:2089-2096, 2008). Genome resequencing of this strain, CRB, revealed that it differs from its parent by five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes, specifically, those encoding PBP4, a low-molecular-weight penicillin-binding protein, GdpP, a predicted signaling protein, and AcrB, a cation multidrug efflux transporter. CRB displayed resistance to a variety of β-lactams but was hypersusceptible to cefoxitin.
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Cho, Kyu Hong, und Song Ok Kang. „Streptococcus pyogenes c-di-AMP Phosphodiesterase, GdpP, Influences SpeB Processing and Virulence“. PLoS ONE 8, Nr. 7 (15.07.2013): e69425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069425.
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Du, Bin, Wenhui Ji, Huiting An, Yibo Shi, Qingqing Huang, Yuqiang Cheng, Qiang Fu, Hengan Wang, Yaxian Yan und Jianhe Sun. „Functional analysis of c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase, GdpP, in Streptococcus suis serotype 2“. Microbiological Research 169, Nr. 9-10 (September 2014): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2014.01.002.
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Ba, Xiaoliang, Lajos Kalmar, Nazreen F. Hadjirin, Heidrun Kerschner, Petra Apfalter, Fiona J. Morgan, Gavin K. Paterson et al. „Truncation of GdpP mediates β-lactam resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus“. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, Nr. 5 (12.02.2019): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz013.
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Permatasari, Rina, Yuke Andriane, Herry Garna, Oky Haribudiman und R. A. Retno Ekowati. „Pengaruh Fraksi Air Buah Lemon (Citrus limon) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Tua yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Lemak“. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains 1, Nr. 1 (31.01.2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v1i1.4322.
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Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi masalah terbesar pada abad 21. Obesitas (terutama obesitas viseral) dan resistensi insulin sering disertai dengan sekelompok kelainan yang disebut sindrom metabolik yang mencakup intoleransi glukosa, trigliserida tinggi, kolesterol HDL rendah, dan hipertensi. Lemon mengandung flavonoid yang dipercaya mempunyai aktivitas menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perubahan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit tua yang diberi pakan tinggi lemak setelah pemberian fraksi air buah lemon (Citrus limon). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Gedung Farmasi ITB dan Laboratorium Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung pada bulan April−Juni 2018. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium murni in vivo dengan desain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap terhadap 28 mencit tua jantan galur DDY yang terbagi dalam lima kelompok, yakni kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, konsentrasi 20,6 mg/20 gBB, 41,2 mg/20 gBB, dan 82,4 mg/20 gBB. Pengukuran glukosa darah puasa dilakukan setelah masa adaptasi, saat perlakuan (hari ke-15), dan setelah perlakuan menggunakan glukosameter. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Kruskall-Wallis dan Uji Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan median GDP1 antarkelompok yang signifikan (p=0,05), perbedaan median GDP2 yang tidak signifikan (p=0,08), dan perbedaan median GDP3 yang tidak signifikan (p=0,66). Terdapat perbedaan median GDP1−3 yang signifikan antara kelompok konsentrasi fraksi air buah lemon (p=0,04). Simpulan, fraksi air buah lemon memiliki efek menurunkan glukosa darah.EFFECT OF WATER FRACTION OF LEMON (CITRUS LIMON) ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF OLD MICE GIVEN HIGH-FAT DIETDiabetes mellitus is one of the biggest problems of the 21st century. Obesity (especially visceral obesity) and insulin resistance often present with a group of disorders commonly called metabolic syndrome including glucose intolerance, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. Flavonoid compounds in lemon is believed to have blood glucose lowering activity. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in blood glucose level in old mice given a high-fat diet after administration of water fraction of lemon (Citrus limon). This study was held at Animal Laboratory of Pharmacy ITB and Animal Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine Bandung Islamic University in April to June 2018. The method of this study was pure in vivo laboratory experiment with a completely randomized design to 28 old male DDY strain mices divided into five groups; normal control, negative control, concentration 20.6 mg/20 gBW, 41.2 mg/20 gBW, and 82.4 mg/20 gBW. Fasting blood glucose measurements were performed after adaptation, ongoing treatment (day 15), and after treatment using glucosemeter. Data analysis used Kruskall-Wallis test and Friedman test. The results showed that there was a significant GDP1 median difference of each groups (p=0.05), a nonsignificant GDP2 median difference (p=0.08), and GDP3 median difference were not significantly different (p=0.66). There was a statistically significant difference between median GDP1−3 between each water fraction of lemon concentration groups (p=0.04). Conclusion, the water fraction of lemon has the effect of lowering blood glucose.
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Iramina, Aline. „GDPR v. GDPL“. Law, State and Telecommunications Review 12, Nr. 2 (13.10.2020): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v12i2.34692.
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Purpose ”“ The main purpose of this article is to analyze the aspects of the responsiveness approach adopted by European and Brazilian lawmakers in the elaboration of data protection rules, such as GDPR and LGPD.
Methodology ”“ The applied methodology is based on the responsive regulation theory and, additionally, the network governance theory, through the comparative analysis of personal data protection legal frameworks in Brazil and the EU.
Findings ”“ Based on the comparative analysis of the GDPR and the LGPD, it is verified the adoption of escalated regulatory techniques of Ayres and Braithwaite’s enforcement pyramid in the developed of these norms, as a strategy adopted by lawmakers to guarantee a greater compliance from regulated entities.
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Griffiths, J. M., und A. J. O'Neill. „Loss of Function of the GdpP Protein Leads to Joint β-Lactam/Glycopeptide Tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, Nr. 1 (10.10.2011): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05148-11.
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ABSTRACTThe genetic basis of tolerance to inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis inStaphylococcus aureuswas investigated by generating tolerant mutantsin vitroand characterizing them by comparative genome sequencing. Two independently selected tolerant mutants harbored nonsynonymous mutations ingdpP, a gene encoding a putative membrane-located signaling protein. Insertional inactivation ofgdpPalso conferred tolerance. Our findings further implicate altered signal transduction as a route to antibiotic tolerance inS. aureus.
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Luo, Yun, und John D. Helmann. „A σD-dependent antisense transcript modulates expression of the cyclic-di-AMP hydrolase GdpP in Bacillus subtilis“. Microbiology 158, Nr. 11 (01.11.2012): 2732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.062174-0.
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Smith, William M., Thi Huong Pham, Lin Lei, Junchao Dou, Aijaz H. Soomro, Scott A. Beatson, Gary A. Dykes und Mark S. Turner. „Heat Resistance and Salt Hypersensitivity in Lactococcus lactis Due to Spontaneous Mutation ofllmg_1816(gdpP) Induced by High-Temperature Growth“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, Nr. 21 (24.08.2012): 7753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02316-12.
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ABSTRACTDuring construction of several gene deletion mutants inLactococcus lactisMG1363 which involved a high-temperature (37.5°C) incubation step, additional spontaneous mutations were observed which resulted in stable heat resistance and in some cases salt-hypersensitive phenotypes. Whole-genome sequencing of one strain which was both heat resistant and salt hypersensitive, followed by PCR and sequencing of four other mutants which shared these phenotypes, revealed independent mutations inllmg_1816in all cases. This gene encodes a membrane-bound stress signaling protein of the GdpP family, members of which exhibit cyclic dimeric AMP (c-di-AMP)-specific phosphodiesterase activity. Mutations were predicted to lead to single amino acid substitutions or protein truncations. An independentllmg_1816mutant (Δ1816), created using a suicide vector, also displayed heat resistance and salt hypersensitivity phenotypes which could be restored to wild-type levels following plasmid excision.L. lactisΔ1816 also displayed improved growth in response to sublethal concentrations of penicillin G. High-temperature incubation of a wild-type industrialL. lactisstrain also resulted in spontaneous mutation ofllmg_1816and heat-resistant and salt-hypersensitive phenotypes, suggesting that this is not a strain-specific phenomenon and that it is independent of a plasmid integration event. Acidification of milk by thellmg_1816-altered strain was inhibited by lower salt concentrations than the parent strain. This study demonstrates that spontaneous mutations can occur during high-temperature growth ofL. lactisand that inactivation ofllmg_1816leads to temperature resistance and salt hypersensitivity.
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Rohmawati, Riska, und Arif Helmi. „Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan dan Gula Darah pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 melalui Spiritual Mindfulness Based On Benson Relaxation“. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, Nr. 2 (01.05.2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.2.2020.161-168.
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Perubahan mendadak dalam hidup membuat penderita DM menunjukkan beberapa reaksi psikologis negatif yang menghasilkan glukosa darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh mindfulness spiritual berdasarkan relaksasi benson pada kecemasan, gula darah pada pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimental quasy dengan pre-test dan post-test dengan desain kelompok kontrol dengan sampel 30 responden dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Intervensi dilakukan selama 4 minggu (15 menit untuk setiap intervensi). Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner SRAS Zung untuk kecemasan dan glukometer untuk mengukur GDP dan GDPP. Tes statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney Test dan Wilcoxon Signed. Hasil tes statistik menunjukkan bahwa perhatian spiritual berdasarkan relaksasi benson mempengaruhi penurunan kecemasan pada setiap kelompok (p = 0,000 untuk kelompok perlakuan dan p = 1,00 untuk kelompok kontrol), secara signifikan mengurangi kadar glukosa darah rata-rata (p = 0,000 untuk perawatan kelompok dan p = 0,48 untuk kelompok kontrol). Perhatian spiritual berdasarkan benson relaksasi membantu pasien meningkatkan fokus mereka pada kondisi saat ini tanpa upaya untuk menyalahkan diri sendiri, orang lain, dan lingkungan sehingga pasien lebih nyaman dan merasa tenang. Intervensi ini mempengaruhi pengurangan kecemasan, rata-rata gula darah pasien DM tipe 2. Kata kunci: DM tipe 2, gula darah, kecemasan, perhatian spiritual, reaksasi benson REDUCING ANXIETY AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS ONDM TYPE 2 PATIENTS THROUGH SPIRITUAL MINDFULNESS BASED ON BENSON RELAXATION ABSTRACTSudden changes in life make DM sufferers show some negative psychological reactions that result in a blood glucose. The purpose of this study was to explain the influence of spiritual mindfulness based on benson relaxation on anxiety, blood sugar in DM type 2 patients. This study used a quasy experimental study design with pre-test and post-test with control group design with a sample of 30 respondents and a sampling technique using consecutive sampling . The intervention was carried out for 4 weeks (15 minutes for each intervention). This study uses the Zung SRAS questionnaire instrument for anxiety and a glucometer to measure GDP and GDPP. Statistical tests using the Mann Whitney Test and Wilcoxon Signed. Statistical test results show that spiritual mindfulness based on benson relaxation affects the decrease in anxiety in each group (p = 0.000 for the treatment group and p = 1.00 for the control group), significantly reducing average blood glucose levels (p = 0.000 for the treatment group and p = 0,48 for the control group). Spiritual mindfulness based on benson relaxation helps patients improve their focus on current conditions without any effort to blame themselves, others, and the environment so that patients are more comfortable and feel calm. This intervention affected the reduction of anxiety, average blood sugar of type 2 DM patients. Keywords: anxiety, benson relaxation, blood sugar, spiritual mindfulness, type 2 DM
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Lumadya, Adi. „UKURAN PASAR UKURAN PASAR (Market Size) DAN INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI ASEAN“. JAE (JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN EKONOMI) 1, Nr. 1 (01.09.2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jae.v1i1.430.
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The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of some economic variables that include market size proxied with income per capita, economic growth, and exports to the Foreign Direct Investment in the member countries of ASEAN-9.
The analytical tool used is the Least Squares Regression (Ordinary Least Square) and Panel Data. In the Data Panel will look for similarities in effect is Fixed (Fixed Effect) and the effect is Random (Random Effect).
The results of the analysis are:
Based on the analysis of OLS concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with Per Capita Income (GDPP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.
Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Fixed Effect Method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were represented with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.
Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Random Effect method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Fixed Effect, Random Effect
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Gostev, Vladimir, Olga Kalinogorskaya, Ksenia Ivanova, Ekaterina Kalisnikova, Irina Lazareva, Polina Starkova und Sergey Sidorenko. „In Vitro Selection of High-Level Beta-Lactam Resistance in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus“. Antibiotics 10, Nr. 6 (26.05.2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060637.
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Selective pressure of beta-lactams is thought to be responsible for mutation selection in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). We used next-generation sequencing to compare the genomes of beta-lactamase-positive (SA0707) and -negative (SA0937) MSSA isolates with their derivatives obtained after selection with oxacillin, ceftaroline, or meropenem. Selection with oxacillin and ceftaroline caused a rapid and significant (6–8 times) increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of oxacillin, penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and ceftaroline against the derivatives of both isolates, associated with growth impairment. Selection with meropenem caused a limited increase in the MICs of all beta-lactams against both isolates. During the initial stages of selection (after 5–15 passages), mutations were detected only in some reads, which indicated the heterogeneity of the population; however, during the later stages, either the population reversed to the wild type or fixation of the mutation was observed in the entire population. Selection with different beta-lactams caused diverse mutational events, but common mutations were detected in gdpP, all penicillin-binding proteins, cell wall regulators (vraST, graR), and deletions in the promoter region of pbp4. Therefore, the disk diffusion test with cefoxitin does not reveal resistance associated with these mechanisms in some cases, which can lead to the failure of beta-lactam therapy.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa. „Economic Growth, Governance and Educational Sustainability: A VAR Analysis“. Education Sciences 11, Nr. 7 (13.07.2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070343.
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Quality educational institutions are strategic tools for accelerating the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). All the 17 SDGs are interlinked. For instance, quality education (SDG4) reduces poverty (SDG 1,2) and inequalities (SDG10) and stimulates good health and wellbeing (SDG3). The paper applied unorthodox theoretical postulations such as convergence models, intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and neorealism in explaining how functional (educational) institutions are a necessary enabling environment in accelerating the attainment of SDGs. Empirically, the paper identified unclear modus operandi, lack of political will, political instability, small and fragmented markets and economies with heterogeneous characteristics, and lack of standardization of product and procedures, among other factors, as constraints to sustainability in tertiary education. A Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was employed using data from 51 Sub-Saharan countries. The three variables were gross domestic product per capita (GDPP), governance and tertiary education expenditure. Results indicated significant short-run unidirectional causality from gross domestic product per capita and tertiary education expenditure to governance, but joint short-run causality was not established. However, transmission effects across the three variables became significant as the number of years increased to ten years. The study recommends a holistic approach from policymakers in order to ensure sustainability in tertiary education due to interlinkages, with emphasis placed on direction of causality.
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Kaczyńska-Kral, Agata M. „Spór kompetencyjny Ministra Cyfryzacji oraz Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych na podstawie art. 33 Prawa przedsiębiorców“. Studia Iuridica 77 (20.03.2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1866.
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On the basis of the Polish law of entrepreneurs, a competency dispute arose between the Minister of Digitization and the President of the Office of Personal Data Protection. Both authorities deem it appropriate to interpret GDPR. The Minister of Digitization believes that he is authorized because of the rights to create a policy in the field of personal data protection. The President of the Office for Personal Data Protection believes that he is authorized as a supervisory body according to GDRP and the competent authority for the protection of personal data. Due to the fact that the GDPR is an act of a higher rank than the Polish law, it is necessary to admit to the supervisory body that it is the only person entitled to a binding interpretation of GDPR regulations.
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Rørvik, Gro Herredsvela, Krystyna Anna Liskiewicz, Fedor Kryuchkov, Ali-Oddin Naemi, Hans-Christian Aasheim, Fernanda C. Petersen, Thomas M. Küntziger und Roger Simm. „Cyclic Di-adenosine Monophosphate Regulates Metabolism and Growth in the Oral Commensal Streptococcus mitis“. Microorganisms 8, Nr. 9 (20.08.2020): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091269.
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Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has emerged as an important bacterial signaling molecule that functions both as an intracellular second messenger in bacterial cells and an extracellular ligand involved in bacteria-host cross-talk. In this study, we identify and characterize proteins involved in controlling the c-di-AMP concentration in the oral commensal and opportunistic pathogen Streptococcusmitis (S. mitis). We identified three known types of c-di-AMP turnover proteins in the genome of S. mitis CCUG31611: a CdaA-type diadenylate cyclase as well as GdpP-, and DhhP-type phosphodiesterases. Biochemical analyses of purified proteins demonstrated that CdaA synthesizes c-di-AMP from ATP whereas both phosphodiesterases can utilize c-di-AMP as well as the intermediary metabolite of c-di-AMP hydrolysis 5′-phosphadenylyl-adenosine (pApA) as substrate to generate AMP, albeit at different catalytic efficiency. Using deletion mutants of each of the genes encoding c-di-AMP turnover proteins, we show by high resolution MS/MS that the intracellular concentration of c-di-AMP is increased in deletion mutants of the phosphodiesterases and non-detectable in the cdaA-mutant. We also detected pApA in mutants of the DhhP-type phosphodiesterase. Low and high levels of c-di-AMP were associated with longer and shorter chains of S. mitis, respectively indicating a role in regulation of cell division. The deletion mutant of the DhhP-type phosphodiesterase displayed slow growth and reduced rate of glucose metabolism.
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Lee, Seungjun, Jiwon Kim und Jun Koo. „Beyond GDP: An Analysis of 25 Alternative Indices of GDP as Measures for National Welfare“. Survey Research 22, Nr. 2 (31.05.2021): 33–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20997/sr.22.2.2.
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MacGregor Pelikánová, Radka, und Eva Daniela Cvik. „Impact of GDPR Security Measures on the Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, Nr. 6 (2018): 1535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061535.
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The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (“GDPR”) created a duty to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure a level of security to protect natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data. Infringement of this duty is severely punished. These GDPR security measures and their operation should effectively and efficiently reflect intellectual property (“IP”) and unfair competition concerns. The theoretic teleological interpretation of the GDPR along with the critical study of the academic literature is complemented by a practical exploratory investigation via a micro‑case study based on interviews of a well‑balanced group of subjects of this GDRP duty – Czech SMEs. Although the yielded results are rather indicative than generally conclusive, they allow to suggest a partial confirmation of the proposed hypotheses that this GDPR duty will have a significant impact on IP and unfair competition. The semi‑conclusions based on the primary and secondary data enlightens the status quo, offers recommendations and brings suggestions for further research.
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Gundlach, Jan, Felix M. P. Mehne, Christina Herzberg, Jan Kampf, Oliver Valerius, Volkhard Kaever und Jörg Stülke. „An Essential Poison: Synthesis and Degradation of Cyclic Di-AMP in Bacillus subtilis“. Journal of Bacteriology 197, Nr. 20 (03.08.2015): 3265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00564-15.
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ABSTRACTGram-positive bacteria synthesize the second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to control cell wall and potassium homeostasis and to secure the integrity of their DNA. In the firmicutes, c-di-AMP is essential for growth. The model organismBacillus subtilisencodes three diadenylate cyclases and two potential phosphodiesterases to produce and degrade c-di-AMP, respectively. Among the three cyclases, CdaA is conserved in nearly all firmicutes, and this enzyme seems to be responsible for the c-di-AMP that is required for cell wall homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that CdaA localizes to the membrane and forms a complex with the regulatory protein CdaR and the glucosamine-6-phosphate mutase GlmM. Interestingly,cdaA,cdaR, andglmMform a gene cluster that is conserved throughout the firmicutes. This conserved arrangement and the observed interaction between the three proteins suggest a functional relationship. Our data suggest that GlmM and GlmS are involved in the control of c-di-AMP synthesis. These enzymes convert glutamine and fructose-6-phosphate to glutamate and glucosamine-1-phosphate. c-di-AMP synthesis is enhanced if the cells are grown in the presence of glutamate compared to that in glutamine-grown cells. Thus, the quality of the nitrogen source is an important signal for c-di-AMP production. In the analysis of c-di-AMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, we observed that both phosphodiesterases, GdpP and PgpH (previously known as YqfF), contribute to the degradation of the second messenger. Accumulation of c-di-AMP in agdpP pgpHdouble mutant is toxic for the cells, and the cells respond to this accumulation by inactivation of the diadenylate cyclase CdaA.IMPORTANCEBacteria use second messengers for signal transduction. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is the only second messenger known so far that is essential for a large group of bacteria. We have studied the regulation of c-di-AMP synthesis and the role of the phosphodiesterases that degrade this second messenger. c-di-AMP synthesis strongly depends on the nitrogen source: glutamate-grown cells produce more c-di-AMP than glutamine-grown cells. The accumulation of c-di-AMP in a strain lacking both phosphodiesterases is toxic and results in inactivation of the diadenylate cyclase CdaA. Our results suggest that CdaA is the critical diadenylate cyclase that produces the c-di-AMP that is both essential and toxic upon accumulation.
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Li, R. W. K., K. W. C. Leung, F. C. S. Sun und L. P. Samaranayake. „Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the GDP. Part II: Implications for GDPs“. British Dental Journal 197, Nr. 3 (August 2004): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4811522.
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Teng, Yunlong, und Jinling Wang. „New Characteristics of Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) for Multi-GNSS Constellations“. Journal of Navigation 67, Nr. 6 (15.07.2014): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331400040x.
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For multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations, the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is an important parameter utilised for the selection of satellites. This paper has derived new formulae to describe the change of GDOP. The result shows that, for GNSS single point positioning solutions, if one more satellite belonging to the existing tracked multi-GNSS constellation used in the single point positioning solution is added, the GDOP always decreases with the number of the added satellites. On the other hand, when the constellation of the added satellite is not from the tracked existing constellations, the different numbers of the added satellites have different influences on the change of GDOP. Generally, adding one satellite from another constellation into the existing multi-GNSS constellations will increase the GDOP, but adding two satellites will decrease the GDOP compared with adding one from another constellation. Additionally, the GDOP also increases in the cases of adding two satellites from two different constellations into the tracked existing constellations.
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Vohlander Rasmussen, Louise Carøe, Cristiano Luis Pinto Oliveira, Jan Skov Pedersen, Hans Uffe Sperling-Petersen und Kim Kusk Mortensen. „Structural Transitions of Translation Initiation Factor IF2 upon GDPNP and GDP Binding in Solution“. Biochemistry 50, Nr. 45 (15.11.2011): 9779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi200938q.
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Zanker, Marek, Vladimír Bureš, Anna Cierniak-Emerych und Martin Nehéz. „The GDPR at the Organizational Level: A Comparative Study of Eight European Countries“. E+M Ekonomie a Management 24, Nr. 2 (Juni 2021): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2021-2-013.
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The General Data Protection Regulation, also known as the ‘gold standard’ or the ‘Magna Carta’ of cyber laws, is a European regulation that deals with rights in the area of privacy and focuses on data collection, storage and data processing. This manuscript presents the results of investigation in the business sphere from eight countries of the European Union. The research focused on awareness of the GDPR, costs associated with the GDPR, number of trainings, how data are secured and subjective evaluation. The questionnaire was used for data collection. The results show that the majority of employees concerned about the GDPR are able to define the GDPR correctly (64%). The correct identification of personal data is in 95% of cases. The vast majority of respondents (94%) assign the right to personal data protection to the GDPR. Most employees are trained in the GDPR once (46%) or twice (45%). Subsequently, the differences between these countries in some areas of the questionnaire survey were examined. For this purpose, Welch ANOVA with post-test Tukey HSD or Kruskal-Wallis test were used. As a result, knowledge about the personal data do not vary significantly between the countries. In the area of rights, the countries are not again statistically different. As for the number of security countries, statistics do not differ significantly. The subjective assessment of the GDPR is different across the countries. The GDPR is rated worst by companies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. On the contrary, the GDPR is best perceived by companies in France and the United Kingdom.
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Waring, David T., und Jayne E. Harrison. „Reply Letters following Orthodontic Consultations: An Audit of Merseyside General Dental Practitioners’ Satisfaction“. Primary Dental Care os14, Nr. 2 (April 2007): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576107780556789.
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Objectives To assess the opinions of general dental practitioners (GDPs) working within the National Health Service (NHS) in Merseyside regarding the length, format and appropriateness of consultant orthodontists’ letters sent in reply to referral letters. Main outcome measures These were GDPs’ satisfaction with the length, format and content of the reply letters; GDPs’ preferences for the information deemed necessary in such letters; GDPs’ awareness of the status of their patients and the actions they were requested to undertake. Method After piloting, questionnaires were mailed to 330 participating GDPs between August and October 2004. Results Two hundred and fifty-one (76%) questionnaires were returned. With one exception, the length of consultants’ letters was thought to be adequate. Of the responding GDPs 82% stated a preference for summaries of the diagnosis and treatment plan to be presented in a list format rather than as free text. Aspects of the treatment plan were thought to be more important than the information about the examination. Following receipt of the reply letter only 71% of GDPs were aware of what was happening to their patients and 75% knew what actions they were to undertake. Conclusions This audit provides evidence that GDPs consider that a significant portion of the information in consultants’ reply letters is not needed. Relevant information may be poorly communicated.
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Gong, Chang Qing, Zhen Chun Jiang, Chao Hui Huang, Ping Wang und Tong Wu. „Optimization Analysis of GDOP of PL-Aided Navigation and Positioning System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (Dezember 2012): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.544.
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The precision of satellite positioning system depends largely on the numbers and geometric layout of the positioning satellite, the GDOP is one of the important parameters to measure the geometric layout of positioning satellites. From the perspective of GDOP, the relation between a different pseudo-satellite location and layout for the accuracy of the positioning system has been studied. For the positioning of the four pseudo-satellites, the simulation analysis of the relationship of the GDOP parameter changes with the pseudo-satellite longitude, latitude and location of the user. Studies have shown that different latitudes, the symmetrical distribution of the pseudo-satellite layout has good geometric accuracy; the same layout, the low-latitude, GDOP is less than the high-latitude; when the user moves in the regional variation in the geometric center of the pseudo-satellite layout, the GDOP values did not change and less than the value of the central region; at the same time, increasing the number of pseudo-satellite can reduce the GDOP value.
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Seo, Junwoo, Kyoungmin Kim, Mookyu Park, Moosung Park und Kyungho Lee. „An Analysis of Economic Impact on IoT Industry under GDPR“. Mobile Information Systems 2018 (05.12.2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6792028.
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The EU GDPR comes into effect on May 25, 2018. Under this regulation, stronger legislation than the existing directive can be enforced. The IoT industry, especially among various industries, is expected to be heavily influenced by GDPR since it uses diverse and vast amounts of personal information. This paper first analyzes how the IoT industry handles personal information and summarizes why it is affected by GDPR. The paper then uses the cost definition of Gordon and Loeb model to estimate how GDPR affects the cost of IoT firms qualitatively and uses the statistical and legal bases to estimate quantitatively. From a qualitative point of view, GDPR impacted the preventative cost and legal cost of the Gordon and Loeb model. Quantitative view showed that the cost of IoT firms after GDPR could increase by three to four times on average and by 18 times if the most. The study finally can be applied to situational awareness of the economic impact on the certain industry.
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Serrado, João, Ruben Filipe Pereira, Miguel Mira da Silva und Isaías Scalabrin Bianchi. „Information security frameworks for assisting GDPR compliance in banking industry“. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 22, Nr. 3 (11.08.2020): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-02-2020-0019.
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Purpose Data can nowadays be seen as the main asset of organizations and data leaks have a considerable impact on the organization’s image, revenues and possible consequences to the affected clients. One of the most critical industries is the bank. Information security frameworks (ISF) have been created to assist organizations and other frameworks evolved to update these domain practices. Recently, the European Union decided to create the general data protection regulation (GDPR), applicable to all organizations dealing with personal data of citizens residing in the European Union. Although considered a general regulation, GDPR implementation needs to align with some industries’ laws and policies. Especially in the Bank industry. How these ISF can assist the implementation of GDPR is not clear. Design/methodology/approach The design science research process was followed and semi-structured interviews performed. Findings A list of practices to assist the bank industry in GDPR implementation is provided. How each practice map with assessed ISF and GDPR requirements is also presented. Research limitations/implications As GDPR is a relatively recent subject, it is hard to find experts in the area. It is more difficult if the authors intend to find experienced people in the GDPR and bank industry. That is one of the main reasons this study does not include more interviews. Originality/value This research provides a novel artefact to the body of knowledge. The proposed artefact lists which ISF practices banks should implement to comply with GDPR. By doing it the artefact provides a centralized view about which ISF frameworks (or part of them) could be implemented to help banks comply with GDPR.
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Mauthe, Peter W., und Kenneth A. Eaton. „An Investigation into the Bitewing Radiographic Prescribing Patterns of West Kent General Dental Practitioners“. Primary Dental Care os18, Nr. 3 (Juli 2011): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050168411os1800304.
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Aims The primary aims of the study were to investigate the use of bitewing radiography within primary dental care and adherence to guidelines on bitewing radiography by general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the West Kent Primary Care Trust (PCT) area. Within the overall aims, the study had objectives to investigate the use of radiographic guidelines, audit and caries risk assessment, the influence of private and National Health Service (NHS) practice, and the influence of the demographic profile of the GDPs on these variables. Methods Data were gathered via a piloted self-completion questionnaire, circulated to all GDPs listed on the NHS Choices website as practising in the West Kent PCT area. Three mailings and follow-up telephone calls were used. The resulting data were entered into a statistical software database and, where relevant, statistically tested, using the chi-square test. Results Of 223 GDPs, 167 responded (75%). GDPs with a high NHS commitment were significantly less likely to follow Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) guidance on prescribing bitewing radiographs for adults ( P<0.01) and children ( P<0.05) than were mainly private GDPs. Mainly NHS GDPs were more likely ‘always/mostly’ to follow National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance (83 compared to 59) ( P<0.05) and also to risk-assess patients (83 compared to 62). Only 115 (71%) had carried out a radio graphic audit or peer review in the preceding three years. Those with postgraduate qualifications were more likely ( P<0.05) to carry out radiographic audit. Conclusions The study confirmed previous research reporting the under-use of radiography for caries detection and also the failure of some GDPs to comply with ionising radiation regulations. West Kent GDPs with a high NHS commitment were less likely to follow radiographic guidance than their private counterparts. This suggests that further efforts to disseminate information on radiographic guidelines and to educate GDPs are necessary to improve adherence with all aspects of radiography within general dental practice. Research into factors that influence GDPs’ decision-making with regards to radiographic prescription may further inform the profession as to the best methods to lead to behavioural change. The dental profession and its regulators need to make a concerted effort to educate and inform GDPs so that this behaviour is modified.
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Mauthe, Peter W., und Kenneth A. Eaton. „An Investigation into Dental Digital Radiography in Dental Practices in West Kent following the Introduction of the 2006 NHS General Dental Services Contract“. Primary Dental Care os18, Nr. 2 (April 2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576111795162893.
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Aims The primary aims of the study were to investigate the use of digital radiography within primary dental care practices in the West Kent Primary Care Trust (PCT) area and general dental practitioners’ (GDPs) self-reported change in radiographic prescribing patterns following the introduction of the nGDS contract in 2006. Methods Data were gathered via a piloted, self-completed questionnaire, and circulated to all GDPs listed on the National Health Service (NHS) Choices website as practising in the West Kent PCT area. There were three mailings and follow-up telephone calls. The resulting data were entered into a statistical software database and, where relevant, statistically tested, using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Of 223 GDPs, 168 (75%) responded. There were 163 usable questionnaires. The respondents represented 85% of the general dental practices in West Kent. Eighty (49%) respondents were using digital intra-oral radiography. Of those who used digital radiography, 44 (55%) reported that they used phosphor plate systems and 36 (45%) that they used direct digital sensors. Eighty-three (51%) had a panoramic machine in their practice, 46 of whom (55%) were using digital systems; of these, 32 (67%) were using a direct digital system. Seventy-one GDPs reported that they worked exclusively or mainly in private practice. Forty (56%) of these ‘mainly private’ GDPs reported that they used digital radiographic systems, whereas only 40 (44%) of the 89 ‘mainly NHS’ GDPs reported using digital radiographic systems. On average, mainly private GDPs made the transition to a digital radiographic system six months before mainly NHS GDPs. Of those who provided NHS dentistry before and after April 2006, only 18 (14%) reported taking fewer radiographs and seven (6%) taking more. Conclusions In February 2010, of the West Kent GDPs who responded to the questionnaire, just under 50% used digital radiography. Mainly private GDPs were more likely to use digital radiography than their mainly NHS counterparts. A link between digital radiography and increased prescription of radiographs was not specifically apparent from this study. There was no evidence that West Kent GDPs were taking fewer radiographs than they did prior to the introduction of the new GDS contract in April 2006. Research is needed to investigate whether the uptake of digital radiography by GDPs in the rest of the country is similar to that in West Kent.
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Cvik, Eva Daniela, Radka MacGregor Pelikánová und Michal Malý. „Selected Issues from the Dark Side of the General Data Protection Regulation“. Review of Economic Perspectives 18, Nr. 4 (01.12.2018): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2018-0020.
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Abstract The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of personal data (GDPR) was enacted in 2016 and applies from 25thMay 2018 in the entire EU. The GDPR is a product of an ambitious reform and represents a direct penetration of the EU law into the legal systems of the EU member states. The EU works on the enhancement of awareness about the GDPR and points out its bright side. However, the GDPR has its dark side as well, which will inevitably have a negative impact. Hence, the goal of this paper is twofold - (i) to scientifically identify, forecast, and analyze selected problematic aspects of the GDPR and its implementation, in particular for Czech municipalities, and (ii) to propose recommendations about how to reduce, or even avoid, their negative impacts. These theoretic analyses are projected to a Czech case study focusing on municipalities, which offers fresh primary data and allows a further refining of the proposed recommendations. An integral part of the performed analyses is also a theoretic forecast of expenses linked to the GDPR, which municipalities will have to include in their mandatory expenses and mid-term prognostic expectations regarding the impact on the budgets of these municipalities from Central Bohemia. The GDPR, like Charon, is at the crossing, the capacity and knowledge regarding its application is critical for operating in the EU in 2018. It is time both to admit that the GDPR has its dark side and to present real and practical recommendations about how to mitigate it.
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Williams, Larry R., Valerie H. Adams, Shannon M. Wallace und Mark S. Johnson. „Toxicologic Characterization of a Novel Explosive, Guanidinium 3,4-Dinitropyrazolate (GDNP), in Female Rats and Ames Mutagenicity Assay“. International Journal of Toxicology 31, Nr. 5 (10.08.2012): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812454306.
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Sustainable use of military training ranges requires the development of compounds that have a minimal impact to the environment when used in a weapon system. Guanidinium 3,4-dinitropyrazolate (GDNP) is a novel explosive compound of interest for application in some weapon systems. Little is known of its toxicologic properties. To ensure the health of potentially exposed personnel and the environment, initial toxicity investigations were conducted and the results were compared with another widely used energetic (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine [RDX]). In a microplate Ames assay, GDNP was not cytotoxic to bacterial tester strains at concentrations less than 100 μg/mL. However, GDNP was mutagenic to 4 of 5 bacterial strains with and without S9 metabolic incubation at concentrations as low as 0.7 μg/mL. Unlike RDX, GDNP did not have an affinity for the γ-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor convulsant site and was predicted to not induce seizure. After acute oral dosing in female rats, the median lethal dose in female rats of GDNP in tap water solution was determined to be 720 mg/kg. Daily oral exposure to 500 mg/kg per d of GDNP for 14 days caused weight loss, increased liver and spleen weights, and adverse histopathologic events in kidney and spleen. These adverse events were not observed in animals receiving lower doses of GDNP. In this study, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level from oral exposure to GDNP for 14 days was 500 mg/kg per d and the no-observable-adverse-effect-level was 152 mg/kg per d.
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Shang, Fei, Ting Xue, Haipeng Sun, Lei Xing, Shuo Zhang, Zhenjun Yang, Lihe Zhang und Baolin Sun. „The Staphylococcus aureus GGDEF Domain-Containing Protein, GdpS, Influences Protein A Gene Expression in a Cyclic Diguanylic Acid-Independent Manner“. Infection and Immunity 77, Nr. 7 (20.04.2009): 2849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01405-08.
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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that is the principal cause of a variety of diseases, ranging from localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic infections. The success of the organism as a pathogen and its ability to cause such a wide range of infections are due to its extensive virulence factors. In this study, we identified the role of the only GGDEF domain protein (GdpS [GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus]) in the virulence of S. aureus NCTC8325. Inactivation of gdpS results in an alteration in the production of a range of virulence factors, such as serine and cysteine proteases, fibrinogen-binding proteins, and, specifically, protein A (Spa), a major surface protein of S. aureus. The transcript level of spa decreases eightfold in the gdpS mutant compared with the parental NCTC8325 strain. Furthermore, the transcript level of sarS, which encodes a direct positive regulator of spa, also decreases in the gdpS mutant compared with the wild type, while the transcript levels of agr, sarA, sarT, and rot display no apparent changes in the gdpS mutant, suggesting that GdpS affects the expression of spa through interaction with SarS by unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the complementation assays show that the influences of GdpS on spa and sarS depend on its N-terminal domain, which is predicted to be the sensor of a two-component system, rather than its C-terminal GGDEF domain with conserved GGDEF, suggesting that GdpS functions in S. aureus by an unknown mechanism independent of 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid signaling.
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Diamantopoulou, Vasiliki, Aggeliki Tsohou und Maria Karyda. „From ISO/IEC27001:2013 and ISO/IEC27002:2013 to GDPR compliance controls“. Information & Computer Security 28, Nr. 4 (08.06.2020): 645–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-01-2020-0004.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the controls provisioned in ISO/IEC 27001:2013 and ISO/IEC 27002:2013 that need to be extended to adequately meet, data protection requirements set by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); it also indicates security management actions an organisation needs to perform to fulfil GDPR requirements. Thus, ISO/IEC 27001:2013 compliant organisations, can use this paper as a basis for extending the already existing security control modules towards data protection; and as guidance for reaching compliance with the regulation. Design/methodology/approach This study has followed a two-step approach; first, synergies between ISO/IEC 27001:2013 modules and GDPR requirements were identified, by analysing all 14 control modules of the ISO/IEC 27001:2013 and proposing the appropriate actions towards the satisfaction of data protection requirements. Second, this paper identified GDPR requirements not addressed by ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Findings The findings of this work include the identification of the common ground between the security controls that ISO/IEC 27001:2013 includes and the requirements that the GDPR imposes; the actions that need to be performed based on these security controls to adequately meet the data protection requirements that the GDPR imposes; and the identification of the remaining actions an ISO/IEC 27001 compliant organisation needs to perform to be able to adhere with the GDPR. Originality/value This paper provides a gap analysis and a further steps identification regarding the additional actions that need to be performed to allow an ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certified organisation to be compliant with the GDPR.
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Lisiak-Felicka, Dominika, und Maciej Szmit. „GDPR implementation in public administrationin Poland – 1.5 year after: An empirical analysis“. Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.01.
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Aim/purpose – The paper contains descriptive exploratory research on the implementa- tion of General Data Protection Requirements (GDPR) in a group of Polish public ad- ministration offices. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current state of personal data protection in the entities surveyed. Design/methodology/approach – The diagnostic survey method using the Computer Assisted Web Interview was employed. The survey was conducted in local government administration offices a year and a half after the GDPR implementation. Findings – All marshal offices and the majority of districts (about 80%) confirmed that they comply with all the GDPR requirements. The situation was slightly worse in munic- ipal offices – about 23% of them declared that they do not comply with all the GDPR requirements. In officials’ opinion this situation may be improved by conducting training for employees, employee engagement, and appropriate support of the office manage- ment. Another aspect that draws attention is a very small budget dedicated to the GDPR implementation and maintenance in most of the offices surveyed. Research implications/limitations – The limitation of the findings is the relatively low responsiveness of the questionnaire survey. Originality/value/contribution – The research concerns a relatively new subject. The state of personal data protection in public administration in Poland after 18 months of the GDPR implementation was analyzed. So far, there is no comprehensive research that has been conducted into this field in local government administration. Keywords: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), public administration, personal data, GDPR implementation, data protection breaches. JEL Classification: M15, H83, K24.
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Aggarwal, Vishal R., Amy Joughin, Joanna M. Zakrzewska, Fiona J. Crawford und Martin Tickle. „Dentists’ and Specialists’ Knowledge of Chronic Orofacial Pain: Results from a Continuing Professional Development Survey“. Primary Dental Care os18, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576111794065838.
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Aim To explore the knowledge of chronic orofacial pain within general dental practitioners (GDPs) and dental specialists. Methods Following a recent national survey of GDPs and specialists on the diagnosis of facial pain, all those who responded were asked to answer four multiple-choice questions on chronic orofacial pain as part of a continuing professional development exercise. The questions were formulated using a review of the literature and consultation with a facial pain expert and were administered by post. Results Of the 380 subjects who completed the original survey, 212 (56%) returned completed multiple-choice questionnaires. Specialists correctly answered significantly more questions than GDPs ( P<0.001). The majority of specialists—49/83 (59%)—obtained a score of three or more, compared to 39/129 (30%) GDPs. This was due to variation in answering one question. Significantly more specialists—50 (60%)—correctly selected trigeminal neuralgia (TN) as a condition that is not associated with COFP, whereas only 41 (32%) GDPs chose this answer. Both specialists and GDPs grossly underestimated the prevalence of COFP in secondary care clinics. Conclusions The results suggest that specialists and GDPs may have sufficient knowledge to make an appropriate diagnosis of COFP, but they also highlight the knowledge gaps and perhaps the need for more extensive inclusion of COFP in the dental undergraduate curriculum.
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Saha, Shuva, und Anthony J. Summerwill. „Quality of Written Reports Provided by Consultants in Restorative Dentistry to Referring General Dental Practitioners in the West Midlands“. Primary Dental Care os13, Nr. 2 (April 2006): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576106776337841.
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Objectives The primary objective of this study was to assess the views of general dental practitioners (GDPs) on the content, style, and readability of written reports provided by restorative consultants at a dental hospital in response to referral letters from the GDPs. The secondary objective was to determine the style of the written consultant report preferred by GDPs. Setting Referral letters received and replied to by four consultants in the restorative department at Birmingham Dental Hospital. Method The quality of written reports sent by the four consultants to 100 referring GDPs in the West Midlands area was evaluated using a postal questionnaire, which assessed 100 GDPs’ satisfaction with the content, style, and readability of the reports. To assess which format they favoured a second questionnaire was subsequently sent to the same GDPs with three versions of the original report in: (a) a standard format, (b) a summary format, and (c) a bullet point format. Results The results of the initial questionnaire revealed that 79 (96%) of practitioners were satisfied with the existing style of the reports. Following a second questionnaire in which GDPs were asked to choose which format they preferred, 61 (81%) expressed a preference for a bullet point or summary style report. Conclusion The GDPs who responded to the questionnaires felt that a bullet point format or summary style report from the consultants concerned would summarise cases more clearly and concisely than the conventional standard format letters which they had previously received. Opportunities may exist for improving the quality of consultant reply letters through the use of structured templates and/or a summary or bullet point format.
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KANI, Takumi, Takayuki TOKOROYAMA, Noritsugu UMEHARA, Motoyuki MURASHIMA und Kazuhiro YAGISHITA. „The tribological property of DLC under lubrication with GDOP and GDTP additives having glycerin and phosphate structure“. Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (2020): S11311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.s11311.
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Tomo, Tadashi. „Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions Low in Glucose Degradation Products—evidence for Clinical Benefits“. Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 28, Nr. 3_suppl (Juni 2008): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080802803s23.
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In Japan, two types of new peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) are ordinarily used: two-chambered PDF, and icodextrin PDF. Two-chambered PDF has several biocompatible characteristics, one being low glucose degradation products (GDPs). Of the several GDPs in PDF, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) is thought to be strongly associated with the cytotoxicity of standard PDF. Using a PDF low in GDPs may reduce exposure of the peritoneum to 3,4-DGE, helping to preserve peritoneal function in PD patients. Additionally, use of a PDF low in GDPs may reduce plasma levels of advanced glycosylation end-products in PD patients, a change that may help to preserve vascular function in PD patients. Peritoneal rest for 24 hours after exposure to a PDF with low GDPs improves the activity of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. As compared with the use of standard PDF, the use of low-GDP PDF in combination therapy (peritoneal dialysis plus hemodialysis) may more effectively preserve peritoneal function. The new PDF low in GDPs has bio-compatible characteristics relative to peritoneum and system that may help to preserve peritoneal function or reduce complications such as atherosclerosis or dialysis-related amyloidosis in dialysis patients.
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Dalrymple, H. W. „The general data protection regulation, the clinical trial regulation and some complex interplay in paediatric clinical trials“. European Journal of Pediatrics 180, Nr. 5 (18.01.2021): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-03933-3.
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AbstractAlthough a number of authors have commented upon the impact of the GDPR on clinical trial conduct, few have examined the specific setting of paediatric trials. Whilst the general principles are the same as those for adults, some additional considerations arise. The ages of consent relating to data privacy and clinical trial participation are different in a number of countries, but the distinction is often not recognised in non-drug trials. Accidental pregnancies in clinical trials always raise complexities, but these are amplified when the trial subject is a minor, and the processes described in clinical trial protocols rarely take account of GDPR requirements. This paper describes approaches which can be taken to ensure the rights of children are respected.Conclusion: The conduct of paediatric clinical trials within GDPR requirements is quite possible provided authors think carefully when drafting protocols. What is Known:•GDPR is applicable to clinical trials, including paediatric trials.•A number of challenges at the interface between the GDPR and CTR have been described. What is New:•The application of the GDPR to certain specific situations in paediatric trials does not appear to have been explored.•Three such situations are described and solutions offered.
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Martínez, Francisco García. „Analysis of the US Privacy Model“. International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2019010103.
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The creation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) constituted an enormous advance in data privacy, empowering the online consumers, who were doomed to the complete loss of control of their personal information. Although it may first seem that it only affects companies within the European Union, the regulation clearly states that every company who has businesses in the EU must be compliant with the GDPR. Other non-EU countries, like the United States, have seen the benefits of the GDPR and are already developing their own privacy laws. In this article, the most important updates introduced by the GDPR concerning US corporations will be discussed, as well as how American companies can become compliant with the regulation. Besides, a comparison between the GDPR and the state of art of privacy in the US will be presented, highlighting similarities and disparities at the national level and in states of particular interest.