Thematische Bibliographien / GdpP

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „GdpP“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 11. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "GdpP"

1

Brito, Vinicius Nahime, Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca, Laura M. F. F. Guilhoto, Karina Cocco Monteiro Freitas, Ivo J. Prado Arnhold und Ana Claudia Latronico. „Allelic Variants of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid-A Receptor α1-Subunit Gene (GABRA1) Are Not Associated with Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty in Girls with and without Electroencephalographic Abnormalities“. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, Nr. 6 (01.06.2006): 2432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2657.

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Abstract Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of brain electric activity and puberty onset in primates. GABA inhibitory effects on GnRH neurons are mainly mediated by GABA-A receptor α1-subunit. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate functional mutations or polymorphisms of the GABA-A receptor α1-subunit gene (GABRA1) in girls with idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) with and without electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Design: The entire coding region of GABRA1 was sequenced in all patients. Two known GABRA1 polymorphisms were investigated by GeneScan software analysis or enzymatic restriction. Seventy-three normal women were used as controls for genetic study. EEG tracings were recorded in 23 girls with GDPP and 17 girls with adequate pubertal development. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Patients: Thirty-one girls from 28 unrelated families with idiopathic GDPP were studied. Results: Automatic sequencing revealed no functional mutations in girls with GDPP. Seven different GABRA1 polymorphisms, including two exonic (156T>C and 1323G>A) and five intronic [IVS2–712(GT)n, IVS3+12A>T, IVS8+45T>G, IVS9+76A>G, and IVS10+15G>A], were found in GDPP girls and controls. Abnormal EEG tracings were found in 26% of 23 girls with GDPP, two of them with epilepsy. The genotype and allele frequencies of the GABRA1 polymorphisms were not statistically different between unrelated GDPP girls and controls or between GDPP girls with or without EEG abnormalities. Conclusions: GABRA1 functional mutations or polymorphisms are not associated with the intrinsic mechanism of GDPP in girls with and without EEG abnormalities.
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2

Wang, Feng, Qing He, Kaixuan Su, Tiandi Wei, Sujuan Xu und Lichuan Gu. „Structural and biochemical characterization of the catalytic domains of GdpP reveals a unified hydrolysis mechanism for the DHH/DHHA1 phosphodiesterase“. Biochemical Journal 475, Nr. 1 (05.01.2018): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170739.

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The Asp-His-His and Asp-His-His-associated (DHH/DHHA1) domain-containing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that catalyze degradation of cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) could be subdivided into two subfamilies based on the final product [5′-phosphadenylyl-adenosine (5′-pApA) or AMP]. In a previous study, we revealed that Rv2837c, a stand-alone DHH/DHHA1 PDE, employs a 5′-pApA internal flipping mechanism to produce AMPs. However, why the membrane-bound DHH/DHHA1 PDE can only degrade c-di-AMP to 5′-pApA remains obscure. Here, we report the crystal structure of the DHH/DHHA1 domain of GdpP (GdpP-C), and structures in complex with c-di-AMP, cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and 5′-pApA. Structural analysis reveals that GdpP-C binds nucleotide substrates quite differently from how Rv2837c does in terms of substrate-binding position. Accordingly, the nucleotide-binding site of the DHH/DHHA1 PDEs is organized into three (C, G, and R) subsites. For GdpP-C, in the C and G sites c-di-AMP binds and degrades into 5′-pApA, and its G site determines nucleotide specificity. To further degrade into AMPs, 5′-pApA must slide into the C and R sites for flipping and hydrolysis as in Rv2837c. Subsequent mutagenesis and enzymatic studies of GdpP-C and Rv2837c uncover the complete flipping process and reveal a unified catalytic mechanism for members of both DHH/DHHA1 PDE subfamilies.
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Yava Rony, Devi, Prih Sarnianto und Yusi Anggriani. „Pengaruh Asuhan Kefarmasian Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Cirebon“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 5, Nr. 6 (20.06.2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i6.1324.

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Asuhan kefarmasian pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat sehingga glukosa darah terkendali dan kualitas hidup optimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asuhan kefarmasian dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat, pengendalian kadar glukosa darah dan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian bersifat prospektif menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimental komparatif (control group design withpre-test-post-test). Sebanyak 80 pasien terdiri dari 40 pasien non-Prolanis Puskesmas Talun (intervensi, diberi asuhan kefarmasian) dengan total sampling dan 40 pasien non-Prolanis Puskesmas Karangsari (kontrol, tanpa asuhan kefarmasian) dengan consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner MMAS-8 (kepatuhan), SF-36 (kualitas hidup) dan kadar GDP, GDPP dari hasil laboratorium. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan (p < 0,005) sebelum dan sesudah asuhan kefarmasian terhadap tingkat kepatuhan, kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup pasien kelompok intervensi.Hasil Uji Mann Whitnney menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan (p < 0,05) tingkat kepatuhan, kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup akibat asuhan kefarmasian pada pasien kelompok intervensi. Asuhan kefarmasian dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan, keterkendalian kadar GDP, GDPP dan kualitas hidup pasien non-Prolanis DM tipe 2 pada puskesmas tertentu di Kabupaten Cirebon. Kata kunci: Asuhan kefarmasian, Kualitas hidup dan Pasien DM.
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Rosdaniati, Rosdaniati, Yusi Anggriani, Hesty Utami R und Tri Kusumaeni. „Evaluasi Profil Pengobatan dan Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog pada Pasien BPJS DM Tipe 2 Di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 5, Nr. 8 (21.08.2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v5i8.1554.

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Insulin digunakan untuk menurunkan glukosa darah dan kadar HbA1C serta dapat mengurangi komplikasi mikrovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pengobatan, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pemilihan terapi insulin dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan outcome klinis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan insulin di RSUP Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif, yang dilakukan secara longitudinal time series. Populasi adalah pasien BPJS DM tipe 2 RSUP Persahabatan periode Januari 2017-Desember 2018 sejumlah 1.100 pasien. Sampel sebanyak 285 diambil dengan rumus Krecjie Morgan. Data berasal dari rekam medis di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit menggunakan formulir isian dan kuesioner dan diolah serta dianalisa dengan SPSS versi 23. Obat DM oral yang banyak diresepkan adalah Sulfonilurea. Obat non DM yang sering diresepkan adalah obat jantung. Insulin yang sering digunakan berdasarkan jenis adalah insulin Humalog, merk adalah Humalog Mix dan berdasarkan kerja adalah Insulin analog intermediate acting. Berdasarkan outcome klinik, outcome klinik GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C pada pasien usia ≤ 60 tahun atau > 60 tahun secara umum termasuk tidak terkendali/buruk. Berdasarkan hasil uji Kruskall Walls, pada outcome GDP ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin (minimal ada satu pasang golongan yang berbeda nyata) terhadap outcome GDP. Pada outcome GDPP dan HbA1C tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan diantara golongan insulin terhadap outcome GDPP dan HbA1C. Berdasarkan hasil uji Mann Whitney, dengan 28 kelompok pasangan insulin, diperoleh hasil nilai outcome klinik GDP berbeda nyata yaitu pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting dengan insulin analog intermediate acting, begitupun antara insulin fast acting dan kombinasi insulin, baik kombinasi yang menggunakan 2 macam insulin analog, maupun kombinasi antara insulin analog dan ADO. Pada uji nilai outcome klinik GDPP berbeda nyata pada perbandingan terapi antara insulin fast acting maupun insulin long acting dengan kombinasi insulin intermediate acting dan ADO. Pada hasil HbA1c menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan penggunaan terapi berbagai jenis insulin.
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Brito, Vinicius Nahime, Ana Claudia Latronico, Ivo J. P. Arnhold und Berenice Bilharinho Mendonça. „Update on the etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic management of sexual precocity“. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 52, Nr. 1 (Februar 2008): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302008000100005.

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Precocious puberty is defined as the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and mimics the physiological pubertal development, although at an inadequate chronological age. Hormonal evaluation, mainly through basal and GnRH-stimulated LH levels shows activation of the gonadotropic axis. Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) is the result of the secretion of sex steroids, independently from the activation of the gonadotropic axis. Several genetic causes, including constitutive activating mutations in the human LH-receptor gene and activating mutations in the Gs protein a-subunit gene are described as the etiology of testotoxicosis and McCune-Albright syndrome, respectively. The differential diagnosis between GDPP and GIPP has direct implications on the therapeutic option. Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are the treatment of choice in GDPP. The treatment monitoring is carried out by clinical examination, hormonal evaluation measurements and image studies. For treatment of GIPP, drugs that act by blocking the action of sex steroids on their specific receptors (cyproterone, tamoxifen) or through their synthesis (ketoconazole, medroxyprogesterone, aromatase inhibitors) are used. In addition, variants of the normal pubertal development include isolated forms of precocious thelarche, precocious pubarche and precocious menarche. Here, we provide an update on the etiology, diagnosis and management of sexual precocity.
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Laxmi, Dewi, Shirly Kumala, Prih Sarnianto und Asnah Tarigan. „Pengaruh Edukasi Farmasis terhadap Hasil Terapi dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Prolanis Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, Nr. 1 (20.01.2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i1.2086.

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Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu penyakit atau gangguan metabolisme kronis dengan multi etiologi yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah disertai dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein, dan lipid sebagai akibat insufiensi fungsi insulin. Penyakit DM memerlukan pengelolaan secara benar, terpadu, dan berkesinambungan sehingga glukosa darah dapat terkontrol dan kualitas hidup yang optimal akan tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya konseling farmasis dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 sehingga tercapai hasil terapi kualitas hidup yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental dengan desain Two Group Pretest-Posttest. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok intervensi setelah diuji Wilcoxon terjadi peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan, peningkatan nilai kepatuhan, penurunan kadar gula darah puasa (GDP), penurunan kadar Gula Darah Setelah Makan (GDPP) dan peningkatan nilai kualitas hidup yang signifikan, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol peningkatan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan, peningkatan nilai kepatuhan, penurunan kadar GDP, dan peningkatan nilai kualitas hidup tidak signifikan, hanya pada penurunan kadar GDPP yang signifikan. Dari hasil uji Mann Whitney ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol pada tingkat pengetahuan, kepatuhan, GDPP, dan kualitas hidup, sedangkan pada GDP tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Dengan uji Spearmen’s terlihat adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan, kepatuhan, kadar gula darah, dan kualitas hidup. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan adanya konseling oleh farmasis dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, dan kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe II sehingga tercapai hasil terapi dan kualitas hidup yang optimal.
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Holland, Linda M., Sinéad T. O'Donnell, Dmitri A. Ryjenkov, Larissa Gomelsky, Shawn R. Slater, Paul D. Fey, Mark Gomelsky und James P. O'Gara. „A Staphylococcal GGDEF Domain Protein Regulates Biofilm Formation Independently of Cyclic Dimeric GMP“. Journal of Bacteriology 190, Nr. 15 (23.05.2008): 5178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00375-08.

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ABSTRACT Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important biofilm regulator that allosterically activates enzymes of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Proteobacterial genomes usually encode multiple GGDEF domain-containing diguanylate cyclases responsible for c-di-GMP synthesis. In contrast, only one conserved GGDEF domain protein, GdpS (for GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus), and a second protein with a highly modified GGDEF domain, GdpP, are present in the sequenced staphylococcal genomes. Here, we investigated the role of GdpS in biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Inactivation of gdpS impaired biofilm formation in medium supplemented with NaCl under static and flow-cell conditions, whereas gdpS overexpression complemented the mutation and enhanced wild-type biofilm development. GdpS increased production of the icaADBC-encoded exopolysaccharide, poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine, by elevating icaADBC mRNA levels. Unexpectedly, c-di-GMP synthesis was found to be irrelevant for the ability of GdpS to elevate icaADBC expression. Mutagenesis of the GGEEF motif essential for diguanylate cyclase activity did not impair GdpS, and the N-terminal fragment of GdpS lacking the GGDEF domain partially complemented the gdpS mutation. Furthermore, heterologous diguanylate cyclases expressed in trans failed to complement the gdpS mutation, and the purified GGDEF domain from GdpS possessed no diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro. The gdpS gene from Staphylococcus aureus exhibited similar characteristics to its S. epidermidis ortholog, suggesting that the GdpS-mediated signal transduction is conserved in staphylococci. Therefore, GdpS affects biofilm formation through a novel c-di-GMP-independent mechanism involving increased icaADBC mRNA levels and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Our data raise the possibility that staphylococci cannot synthesize c-di-GMP and have only remnants of a c-di-GMP signaling pathway.
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Durand, Geraldine, Celine Dupieux-Chabert, Claude-Alexandre Gustave, Michèle Bes, Berangere Fruiquière, Corine Fulchiron, Lorette Munoz et al. „608. Emerging Methicillin Resistance Mechanism in mec Gene-Negative Staphylococci not Detected by Reference Methods“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.677.

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Abstract Background B-lactam resistance in Staphylococci is mediated by mec genes usually diagnosed by disc diffusion Cefoxitin test (DDFOX) and PCR testing. Here, we report methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus aureus strains lacking mec gene misdiagnosed by reference methods. Since the strains are not B-lactamase hyperproducers we investigated the molecular basis of the methicillin resistance. Methods We tested 2 S. lugdunensis isolates (SL1, SL2) collected from distinct blood cultures of the same patient and 2 S. aureus isolates (SA1, SA2): (i) by DDFOX, (ii) for Oxacillin MIC by agar dilution (AD), (iii) by VITEK®2 (bioMérieux) for Oxacillin MIC (V2 OXA) and Cefoxitin Screen Test (V2 OXSF), (iv) for mecA, B, C genes by PCR and (v) by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results The 4 isolates were methicillin susceptible by DD FOX and mec negative. However, all the isolates displayed variable results for V2 OXA MIC (0.5 to ≥4 mg/L) and for V2 OXSF (POSITIVE, NEGATIVE). For SL1 and SL2 isolates, the V2 OXSF growth curve atypical pattern has led to investigating the OXSF wells. The plates inoculated with the broth extracted from the OXSF well showed 2 colony morphotypes (small “P” and regular “G”) for both isolates. The small colonies (SL1P, SL2P) were Oxacillin resistant (V2 OXA MIC≥4; AD MIC = 4) and V2 OXSF POSITIVE whereas the regular colonies (SL1G, SL2G) were Oxacillin susceptible (V2 OXA MIC = 2; AD MIC = 0.5) and V2 OXSF NEGATIVE. The 4 morphotypes were cefoxitin susceptible by DDFOX and mec negative. Interestingly, WGS revealed a GdpP truncation in the N-terminal domain only found in S. lugdunensis small colonies (SL1P, SL2P) phenotypically resistant to Oxacillin. GdpP is a cyclic diadenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase enzyme which function is the hydrolysis of a signaling nucleotide. Conclusion We described mec negative S. lugdunensis and S. aureus strains expressing heterogeneous methicillin resistance detected by the VITEK2 OXSF test. S. lugdunensis subpopulation of small colonies resistant to oxacillin is associated with a truncation of GdpP protein previously described in S. aureus. Interestingly GdpP loss of function in Staphylococci is associated with a reduced growth and may arise as a result of the selective pressure of exposure to B Lactams. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Retnaningrum, Dyah, Yusi Anggriani und Hesty Utami R. Tri Kusumaeni. „Evaluasi Outcome Klinis Penggunaan Insulin Analog dan Insulin Manusia pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 JKN Rawat Jalan Tahun 2015-2016 Di RSUD Tarakan“. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, Nr. 3 (20.03.2021): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i3.2375.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan profil pengobatan, outcome klinis dan biaya antara insulin analog dengan insulin manusia. Penelitian menggunakan metode longitudinal time series melalui pengumpulan data secara retrospektif menggunakan penelusuran rekam medis dan kuitansi biaya pengobatan. Sampel yang diambil adalah pasien DM tipe 2 JKN rawat jalan dengan terapi insulin periode Januari 2015-Desember 2016 di RSUD Tarakan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 156 orang. Hasil analisis diperoleh penggunaan terbanyak adalah insulin Analog tunggal (98,19%). Proporsi obat non DM (56,15%) dan obat DM (43,85%). Rata-rata outcome klinis GDP (164,74 mg/ dL) dan GDPP (200,48 mg/ dL). Rata-rata outcome klinis HbA1C pengguna insulin analog tunggal (7,82%) lebih baik dibanding pengguna insulin lainnya. Hasil uji Mann Whitney diperoleh outcome klinis GDP, GDPP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal tidak berbeda nyata (p value >0,05). Hasil Outcome klinis GDP dan HbA1C insulin analog tunggal dibanding kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda secara nyata (p value 0,00) , sedangkan GDPP tidak berbeda nyata (p value 0,222). Rata-rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin analog tunggal dengan insulin manusia tunggal berbeda nyata (p value 0,001). Rata rata biaya pengobatan 30 hari Insulin manusia tunggal dengan kombinasi insulin analog+analog, kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD, kombinasi insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+analog berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD dengan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD dan kombinasi insulin analog+OAD berbeda nyata (p value 0,00). Biaya rata-rata kombinasi insulin analog+analog+OAD lebih tinggi dibanding biaya rata-rata kombinasi Insulin analog+OAD dan kombinasi insulin manusia+OAD.
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Fang, Tian, Xiaoqian Zhang, Shanshan Hu, Yanyan Yu, Xue Sun und Nianjun Xu. „Enzymatic Degradation of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Degradation Products“. Marine Drugs 19, Nr. 5 (12.05.2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050270.

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Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLP) were degraded using pectinase, glucoamylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-dextranase into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, namely, GPP, GGP, GCP, GXP, and GDP, respectively, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated. The degraded GLP showed higher antioxidant activities than natural GLP, and GDP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. After the optimization of degradation conditions through single-factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, four polysaccharide fractions (GDP1, GDP2, GDP3, and GDP4) with high antioxidant abilities (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reduction capacity, and total antioxidant capacity) were obtained. Their cytoprotective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL1) cells were examined. Results suggested that GDP pretreatment can significantly improve cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde levels, improve antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondria membrane potential, and alleviate oxidative damage in HFL1 cells. Thus, the enzyme degradation of GLP with β-dextranase can significantly improve its antioxidant activity, and GDP might be a suitable source of natural antioxidants.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "GdpP"

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Jansson, Tova. „Studying the Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Acquired Antibiotic Resistance“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184143.

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Niklasson, Frida, Linda Ojari und Malin Falkeling. „6 månader efter GDPR : GDPR i systemutvecklingsverksamheter“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72621.

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Nord, Lisa. „Programvaruutvecklingen efter GDPR : Effekten av GDPR hos mjukvaruföretag“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20146.

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GDPR (General data protection regulation, generella dataskyddsförordningen) är en ny europeisk förordning som reglerar behandlingen av känsliga uppgifter samt det fria flödet av dessa inom EU. Förordningen utgör ett skydd för fysiska personer vid behandling av deras personuppgifter inom unionen vilket är en grundläggande rättighet.  GDPR har sedan den trädde i kraft i Maj 2018 varit en förordning att räkna med då dess bötesbelopp är höga. Alla företag inom Europa behöver följa reglerna samt företag utanför EU som hanterar europeiska personuppgifter. Målet med detta arbete är se vilken effekt GDPR har haft hos svenska mjukvaruutvecklare och hur de ser på sin arbetsbörda. Detta har gjorts genom en enkätundersökning hos svenska mjukvaruföretag som blivit slumpmässigt utvalda. Av uppsatsens resultat framgår det att många mjukvaruföretag som skapar egen programvara eller distribuerar programvara för en tredje part har den nya förordningen inneburit ett tyngre arbetslass samt omförhandling av existerande programvarulösningar. Något som inneburit nya arbetsplatser eller arbetsgrupper hos många företag. När GDPR först trädde ikraft lades det ner många arbetstimmar på att omvandla redan existerande lösningar för att uppfylla kraven. Trots detta har det lagts många fler timmar vid utveckling även efter GDPR för att se till att den nya programvaran även den lever upp till de krav som är ställda.  Av resultatet kan vi även finna att många företag ser väldigt strikt på hantering av känsliga uppgifter de samlat in från deras kunder men ser mindre strikt på lagring och hantering av personuppgifter av sina egna anställda.
GDPR(General data protection regulation) is a new European regulation that regulates data, protection, and privacy. It also addresses the transfer of personal data to countries outside of the European Union. Ever since the GDPR was enforceable May 2018, it has been a regulation for businesses to strictly follow and be wary of due to the hefty fines. All European businesses need to follow the new regulation and likewise, so to the businesses outside of the E.U. in which handles any type of personal data of Europeans. The goal with this thesis is to see the effect the GDPR has had for Swedish software developers and how they portray their workload. This data has been shown in the form of a questionnaire which was randomly distributed to a number of Swedish software companies.  In conclusion, this thesis shows that the new regulation has had a big impact on the developers that create new software/distributes software, primarily in form of a heavier workload and the need to re-negotiate already existing software. This has provided new jobs and/or new teams for many of the companies that were a part of this study. When GDPR was first introduced, the software companies spent countless hours on converting already existing software. Even tho they spend a lot of time in the beginning, the dedication of time is spent on every solution to make sure it meets the requirements of GDPR: We can also see that many businesses spend a lot more time and money on data protection for their clients personal data, but they do not treat their employees personal data in the same way.
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Chosrat, Ismail, und Rödin Joakim. „GDPR i praktiken“. Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230604.

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Med den nya dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) i EU ställs det högre krav på hantering avpersonuppgifter och för första gången riskerar företag sanktioner om de inte hanterar personuppgifterkorrekt, vilket medför att alla organisationer måste ta ställning till hur personuppgifterskall hanteras inom organisationen. Inom IT-sektorn måste en analys utföras omvilka data som kommer att påverkas med införandet av GDPR och hur data ska hanteras inuvarande IT-system. Studien har genomförts hos företaget Primona som är placerade iStockholm där de utvecklar lösningar inom inköp och elektronisk handel.Den nya dataskyddsförordningen och relaterade arbeten har studerats tillsammans medintervjuer som utfördes på olika företag för att framställa ett lösningsförslag. Lösningsförslagethar sedan använts i ett implementeringstest i Primonas system för att visa att detfungerar. Studien innehåller även en ekonomisk analys för att fastställa betydelsen av attimplementeringen hanteras och prioriteras.Lösningsförslaget som studien tog fram har gett bevisad effekt i systemet och kan medrelativ lite resurser återanvändas för att säkerställa att en organisation vidtar tillräckligaåtgärder vid införande av GDPR.
Med den nya dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) i EU ställs det högre krav på hantering avpersonuppgifter och för första gången riskerar företag sanktioner om de inte hanterar personuppgifterkorrekt, vilket medför att alla organisationer måste ta ställning till hur personuppgifterskall hanteras inom organisationen. Inom IT-sektorn måste en analys utföras omvilka data som kommer att påverkas med införandet av GDPR och hur data ska hanteras inuvarande IT-system. Studien har genomförts hos företaget Primona som är placerade iStockholm där de utvecklar lösningar inom inköp och elektronisk handel.Den nya dataskyddsförordningen och relaterade arbeten har studerats tillsammans medintervjuer som utfördes på olika företag för att framställa ett lösningsförslag. Lösningsförslagethar sedan använts i ett implementeringstest i Primonas system för att visa att detfungerar. Studien innehåller även en ekonomisk analys för att fastställa betydelsen av attimplementeringen hanteras och prioriteras.Lösningsförslaget som studien tog fram har gett bevisad effekt i systemet och kan medrelativ lite resurser återanvändas för att säkerställa att en organisation vidtar tillräckligaåtgärder vid införande av GDPR.
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Kidman, Kajsa, und Lisen Axelsson. „GDPR – en "kioskvältare"?“ Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20032.

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Denna uppsats är en fallstudie. Studien behandlar den kommande dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) och dess påverkan på medie- och IKT-företag. Syftet med studien är att studera den befintliga kunskapen kring dataskyddsförordningen inom medie- och IKT-företag samt hur ett förändringsarbete mot förordningen kan drivas. Studien redovisar för dataskyddsförordningen och dess bakgrund följt av en beskrivning kring medieindustrin, IKT-företag och dess komplexa struktur. Vidare beskrivs organisationsförändringar och metoder för dessa vilka kan underlätta ett förändringsarbete. Med hjälp av en enkätundersökning har författarna undersökt om dataskyddsförordningen har uppmärksammats inom 50 medie- och IKT-företag samt om ett förändringsarbete har planerats eller påbörjats. Vidare har studien kompletterats med kvalitativa intervjuer där dataskyddsförordningen i förhållande till tre medieföretag samt ett IKT-företag har analyserats mer ingående. Resultatet av undersökningarna visar hur en stor andel medieföretag i nuläget inte har påbörjat anpassningen mot dataskyddsförordningen. De studerade organisationerna vittnar även om en okunskap i förhållande till det behandlade ämnet och ett anpassningsarbete har i majoriteten av de studerade fallen ej påbörjats. Studien lyfter därför förändringsmodeller vilka kan ge struktur åt ett kommande anpassningsarbete.
This essay is a case study. The study addresses the forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and its impact on media-and ICT-companies. The purpose of the study is to examine the existing knowledge of the data protection regulation within media and ICT-companies. The study also aims to create an understanding of how an adaption can be carried out against the regulation. The study accounts for the GDPR and its background, followed by a description of the media industry, ICT-companies and its complex structure. Furthermore, organizational changes and methods are described in order to facilitate and provide an overall structure for the change work. By means of a survey, the authors examined whether the GDPR has been noted in 50 media and ICT-companies and if a change work has been planned or begun. Furthermore, the study has been supplemented with qualitative interviews where the GDPR in relation to three media companies and one ICT-company has been analyzed in more detail. The results of the survey show how a large proportion of media companies have not yet begun the adaptation or change work to meet the requirements in the GDPR. The studied organizations also testify to an ignorance in relation to the subject and an adaptation work has not begun in the majority of the studied companies. The study therefore raises change models that can provide an overall structure for future change work to GDPR.
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Åhlström, Riklund Josefin. „GDPR och automatiserade beslut : En rättslig analys av artikel 22 GDPR“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416154.

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Olsson, Olle. „Challenges with the GDPR: A Software Developing Organization’s Guide to GDPR Compliance“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20388.

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Den 25 maj 2018 trädde den nya dataskyddsförordningen, GDPR, i kraft. GDPR kräver att organisationer och företag, som behandlar persondata, att anpassa sig och andra sina system och produkter för att uppfylla kraven som förordningen ställer. Om organisationer och företag, som faller under förordningen, inte kan uppfylla dem kraven som förordningen ställer måste administrativa böter betalas, vilket kan orsaka att dessa organisationer och företag går i konkurs. Beträffande den praktiska implementeringen av GDPR inom mjukvaruutvecklande företag, är lite forskning som gjorts på det området. Den praktiska implementeringen av GDPR i mjukvaruutvecklande företag är också sällan diskuterat. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå; hur mjukvaruutvecklande företag implementerade GDPR i deras verksamheter; hur dem arbetar med GDPR i dagsläget; och hur dem kommer att arbeta med GDPR i framtiden. Litteraturstudien presenterar dem utmaningar under regleringen som tidigare forskning identifierat och presenterar även hur dem juridiska kraven som GDPR ställer översätts till tekniska lösningar; vilka mjukvaruutvecklande företag behöver implementera för att bli kompatibla med GDPR. Genom kvalitativ forskningsmetod går denna uppsats in i djupet på hur GDPR implementerades i mjukvaruutvecklande företag. Elva respondenter från sex olika företag av tre olika storlekar intervjuades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjufrågorna var baserade på faktorer som är relevanta för denna studie. Det empiriska materialet var sedan sammanställt, analyserat och jämfördes med insamlad litteratur som används i litteraturstudien. Det empiriska materialet visade att omfattningen av implementeringen av GDPR i mjukvaruutvecklande företag inte är beroende på storleken på organisationerna, men snarare beroende på vad för personlig data som bearbetas. Upptäckterna från denna studie kommer fungera som en guide till GDPR kompatibilitet för mjukvaruutvecklande företag som presenteras i slutsatsen. Denna studie har identifierat följande principer att vara essentiella för mjukvaruutvecklande företag att bli GDPR kompatibla. Mjukvaruutvecklare måste nu försäkra: förståelse över vad GDPR betyder för just deras verksamhet, skapa förståelse och medvetenhet om GDPR inom hela organisationen, genomsynlighet i förhållande till organisationens kunder och användare, att persondata lokaliseras och kartläggs i befintliga system and applikationer, att data minimeras under principerna som GDPR tillhandahåller, att persondata krypteras, att principen privacy by design & default följs under all mjukvaruutveckling, rådgivning inom GDPR, att dagliga protokoll följs och att dessa följs upp.
The General Data Protection Regulation came into force on the 25th of may 2018. The GDPR requires organizations and companies, who process personal data, to adjust and change their existing systems in order to meet the requirements that the GDPR puts forward. If organizations and companies fail to comply with the regulation, administrative fines and penalties will be enforced which can lead to bankruptcy for these organizations and companies. There is a lack of research made on the practical implementation of the GDPR into software developing companies and is rarely discussed. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to understand how the GDPR was implemented into software developing companies; how software developing companies work with the GDPR today; and how software developing companies will work with the GDPR in the future. The literature review presents the challenges of the regulation that previous research has brought forward and how the legal requirements translates into technical solutions, which software developing companies need to implement in order to become compliant with the regulation. Through a qualitative research method, this thesis investigates the depth of how the GDPR was implemented into software developing companies. Eleven respondents representing six different organizations of three different sizes, was interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The interview questions was based on key factors brought forward in the literature review chapter; which are of relevance for this thesis. The empirical evidence was then summarized, analysed and compared to the used literature. The empirical evidence showed that the extent of the implementation of GDPR into software developing companies was not depending on the size of the organization, but rather depending on what personal data is being processed. The findings in this study will serve as a software developers guide to GDPR compliance which is presented in the conclusion. This study has identified the following principles to be essential for software developing companies in order to become GDPR compliant: understanding what the GDPR means for their business, awareness within their organization, transparency, locating personal data, data minimization, encryption of data, privacy by design & default, GDPR guidance, daily GDPR protocols and follow up on previous implementations.
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Austin, Dominic. „GDP and post-GDP - A Spurious Divorce“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21130.

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Where post-GDP, a socio-ecological substitute of GDP, has become increasingly salient within international relations, its practice at an institutional economic level remains largely marginalised. At a discursive level, however, both GDP and post-GDP appear to be both supplementary and antithetical to one another. This thesis investigates this relationship between GDP and post-GDP discourse, as well as the dependency of economic institutions to exercise such a discourse. Constructivist institutionalism initially frames these economic ideas as both constitutive and antagonistic towards institutional stability. This thesis, however, draws primarily upon institutional poststructuralism, articulating GDP/post-GDP discourse, not the agent, as a mechanism that produces economic knowledge and, by association, the institutions that are shaped by it. A two-part analysis takes place, consisting of an historical genealogy of GDP/post-GDP and a discourse logics analysis between the IMF development committee and the economic departments of India and surrounding countries. The findings show that the formative discourse of GDP and post-GDP had become divorced during the 20th century and that while GDP logics often struggle to reconcile requisite development outcomes, economic institutions exercise the two as a unitary discourse; albeit one that maintains a GDP centre.
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Fagerlund, Martin. „GDPR och Framtidssäkrade Webbapplikationer“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16181.

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Petersson, Simon, und Oscar Rehn. „GDPR - Plötsligt händer det“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20331.

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This essay is a comparative study of nine Swedish organizations. The purpose was to examine how nine Swedish organizations has prepared for the forthcoming General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which will replace the national PUL directive from 1998, on the 25th of May 2018. The new regulation implies higher demands on how organizations within EU handle personal data. Earlier studies has discovered that there is general a lack of awareness and preparations among organizations. With that in mind this study was created to examine if the organizations were more aware and prepared now that GDPR soon will go live.  
This study uses John P Kotters eight step model to describe the organizations different ways to approach GDPR as an organizational change project.The study was conducted by semi-structured interviews with nine different organizations. The result of the interviews were used to create themes based on Kotters model, that were used to analyze the empirical result. As a summary the study concluded that eight of nine examined organizations suggested that they were prepared for GDPR. The main differences in the organizations preparations for GDPR was due to difficulties in interpreting the law, which lead up to variations in terms of the scope of the GDPR-project
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Bücher zum Thema "GdpP"

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Slokenberga, Santa, Olga Tzortzatou und Jane Reichel, Hrsg. GDPR and Biobanking. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2.

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Taal, Amie. The GDPR Challenge. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429325939.

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Heun, Matthew Kuperus, Michael Carbajales-Dale und Becky Roselius Haney. Beyond GDP. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12820-7.

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Song, Xuguang. Understanding Chinese GDP. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9733-3.

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Gao bie GDP chong bai: Farewell to GDP worship. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 2011.

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Iizuka, Nobuo. Getsuji GDP no kaitei. Tōkyō: Nihon Keizai Kenkyū Sentā, 2002.

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Voigt, Paul, und Axel von dem Bussche. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57959-7.

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Lindén, Staffan. Assessment of GDP forecasts uncertainty. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, 2003.

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Allin, Paul, und David J. Hand. From GDP to Sustainable Wellbeing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53085-3.

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Qureshi, Saeed Ahmad. GDP growth semblance and substance. Islamabad: Leads Pakistan, 2004.

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Buchteile zum Thema "GdpP"

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Suski, W., und T. Palewski. „GdPS“. In Pnictides and Chalcogenides II, 1296–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10713485_433.

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Charles, Steindel. „GDP“. In Economic Indicators for Professionals, 11–50. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203712955-2.

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„5. Heuristic Applications of the GDPP“. In Combinatorial Data Analysis, 91–102. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898718553.ch5.

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Pikulík, Tomáš, und Peter Štarchoň. „GDPR“. In Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union, 256–77. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9489-5.ch013.

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Implementation of the GDPR changed the way how personal data of EU customers are processed. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the links between the rights of customers as a data subject and related aspects of customer satisfaction. Entities in modern economy (encompassing not only goods and services but also intellectual property) generate and process huge quantities of customer data. Information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure became a basis for the digital economy and society in the EU (settled by Eurostat as ISOC) that definitely replaced the previous era of the information economy that was based on the effective acquisition, dissemination, and use of information. Data-driven marketing puts data at the center of additional value creation and brings new insights and perspectives, included in the results of this research. The impact of GDPR on customer-centric ICT, stronger consumer awareness of data protection rights, creates new pathways to customer centricity and the legal and technical aspects of data processing within the digital economy ecosystem.
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Larsson, Anthony, und Pernilla Lilja. „GDPR“. In The Digital Transformation of Labor, 187–99. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429317866-11.

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„GDOP“. In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 589. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_70418.

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Pikulík, Tomáš, und Peter Štarchoň. „GDPR“. In Research Anthology on Privatizing and Securing Data, 1769–89. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8954-0.ch085.

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Implementation of the GDPR changed the way how personal data of EU customers are processed. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the links between the rights of customers as a data subject and related aspects of customer satisfaction. Entities in modern economy (encompassing not only goods and services but also intellectual property) generate and process huge quantities of customer data. Information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure became a basis for the digital economy and society in the EU (settled by Eurostat as ISOC) that definitely replaced the previous era of the information economy that was based on the effective acquisition, dissemination, and use of information. Data-driven marketing puts data at the center of additional value creation and brings new insights and perspectives, included in the results of this research. The impact of GDPR on customer-centric ICT, stronger consumer awareness of data protection rights, creates new pathways to customer centricity and the legal and technical aspects of data processing within the digital economy ecosystem.
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Sezer, Sevgi. „The Relationship Among Military Expenditure, High Technological Product Exports, and Economic Growth“. In Handbook of Research on Military Expenditure on Economic and Political Resources, 59–80. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4778-5.ch004.

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In this chapter, the effects of military expenditure (MEXP) on high-tech exports (HTX) and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of G7 and new industrialized countries (NIC) are analyzed for period 1988-2015 by panel data analysis. The causality relationships between the series are examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. In G7 countries, one-way causality relationship from HTX to MEXP and two-way causality relationship between MEXP and GDPPC have been identified. Also, in NIC countries, two-way causality relationship between HTX and MEXP and one-way causality relationship from GDPPC to MEXP have been determined. Cointegration relations are tested by Pedroni test and the series are found to be cointegrated. It is seen that in the G7 countries, 1% increase in MEXP during the period of 1988-2015 increased HTX by 0.71% and GDPPC by 0.98%. In NIC countries, the 1% increase in MEXP increased HTX by 1.7% and GDPPC by 0.96%. The effect of MEXP on HTX is found much higher in NIC countries.
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Sezer, Sevgi. „The Relationship Among Military Expenditure, High Technological Product Exports, and Economic Growth“. In Research Anthology on Military and Defense Applications, Utilization, Education, and Ethics, 624–45. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9029-4.ch034.

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In this chapter, the effects of military expenditure (MEXP) on high-tech exports (HTX) and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of G7 and new industrialized countries (NIC) are analyzed for period 1988-2015 by panel data analysis. The causality relationships between the series are examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. In G7 countries, one-way causality relationship from HTX to MEXP and two-way causality relationship between MEXP and GDPPC have been identified. Also, in NIC countries, two-way causality relationship between HTX and MEXP and one-way causality relationship from GDPPC to MEXP have been determined. Cointegration relations are tested by Pedroni test and the series are found to be cointegrated. It is seen that in the G7 countries, 1% increase in MEXP during the period of 1988-2015 increased HTX by 0.71% and GDPPC by 0.98%. In NIC countries, the 1% increase in MEXP increased HTX by 1.7% and GDPPC by 0.96%. The effect of MEXP on HTX is found much higher in NIC countries.
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„Note on the Paperback Edition“. In GDP, vii—xii. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400873630-001.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "GdpP"

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Stamm, U., J. Kleinschmidt, K. Gabel, G. Hergenhan, C. Ziener, G. Schriever, I. Ahmad et al. „EUV sources for EUV lithography in alpha-, beta-, and high volume chip manufacturing: an update on GDPP and LPP technology“. In Microlithography 2005, herausgegeben von R. Scott Mackay. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.599544.

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HAVLÍK, JAN, und PETR MOJŽÍŠ. „GDPR Implementation Pitfalls“. In System approaches’18. University of Economics, Prague, Nakladatelství Oeconomica, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2018.pav.2247.8.

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Hallman, Roger A. „Session details: GDPR“. In CCS '18: 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3285943.

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„Session details: GDPR“. In the 2nd International Workshop, chair Roger A. Hallman. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3267357.3285943.

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da Conceicao Freitas, Maria, und Miguel Mira da Silva. „GDPR in SMEs“. In 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti.2018.8399272.

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Bartolini, Cesare, Antonello Calabró und Eda Marchetti. „GDPR and business processes“. In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3309772.3309779.

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Manjunath, K. J., K. L. Sudha, S. K. Raman und Vignesam. „Investigation of GDOP for IRNSS“. In 2017 3rd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icatcct.2017.8389098.

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Su, Wei-Han, und Chih-Hung Wu. „Support Vector Regression for GDOP“. In 2008 Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isda.2008.196.

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Colcelli, Valentina. „JOINT CONTROLLER AGREEMENT UNDER GDPR“. In EU AND MEMBER STATES – LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/9043.

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Horák, Martin, Václav Stupka und Martin Husák. „GDPR Compliance in Cybersecurity Software“. In ARES '19: 14th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339252.3340516.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "GdpP"

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Clark, Hunter, Maxim Pinkovskiy und Xavier Sala-i-Martin. China's GDP Growth May be Understated. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23323.

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Bhandari, Pranjul, und Jeffrey Frankel. Nominal GDP Targeting for Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Januar 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20898.

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Susnjak, Teo, und Christoph Schumacher. Nowcasting: Towards Real-time GDP Prediction. Knowledge Exchange Hub, Dezember 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33217/keh/gdplive/001/12.2018.

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Ashraf, Quamrul, Ashley Lester und David Weil. When Does Improving Health Raise GDP? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Oktober 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14449.

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Bullard, James, und Aarti Singh. Nominal GDP Targeting With Heterogeneous Labor Supply. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2017.016.

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Aruoba, S. Boragan, Francis Diebold, Jeremy Nalewaik, Frank Schorfheide und Dongho Song. Improving GDP Measurement: A Forecast Combination Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17421.

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Jones, Charles, und Peter Klenow. Beyond GDP? Welfare across Countries and Time. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16352.

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Park, S. H. Flow boiling test of GDP replacement coolants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/100416.

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Aruoba, S. Boraǧan, Francis Diebold, Jeremy Nalewaik, Frank Schorfheide und Dongho Song. Improving GDP Measurement: A Measurement-Error Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18954.

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Garín, Julio, Robert Lester und Eric Sims. On the Desirability of Nominal GDP Targeting. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Juli 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21420.

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