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1
Kim, Mi-Ryung, Tae-Il Kim, Beom-Rak Choi, Moon Bong Kim, Il Je Cho, Keun-Woo Lee und Sae Kwang Ku. „Brassica oleracea Prevents HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damages in Mice“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (22.12.2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010016.
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Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) is a popular vegetable with a wide range of pharmacological activities that help to promote human health. The present study investigated the beneficial effects of B. oleracea var. capitata L. extract (BOE) on HCl/ethanol (H/E)-induced gastric damages in mice. Pre-administration of BOE (25–100 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days significantly decreased macroscopically visible lesion on the gastric mucosa induced by H/E. In addition, results from hematoxylin and eosin-stained gastric tissue showed that BOE inhibited invaded percentage of lesion and prevented the reduction in mucosal thickness in peri-ulcerative region. BOE significantly alleviated the H/E-mediated decreases in Alcian blue binding, total hexose, sialic acid, and collagen in the gastric tissue, suggesting BOE attenuates the gastric damage via preserving the integrity of gastric mucus. Moreover, BOE significantly decreased histamine level in the plasma and reduced mRNA levels associated with secreting gastric acid. Furthermore, BOE inhibited myeloperoxidase activity and suppressed nuclear factor-κB mRNA and its dependent inflammatory genes expression induced by H/E. BOE also strengthened antioxidant enzyme activity, with a mitigating H/E-mediated increase in malondialdehyde level of the gastric tissue. Thus, these results suggest that BOE has the potential to protect the gastric tissue via inhibiting gastric acid secretion, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Niewęgłowski, Kacper, Natalia Wilczek, Michał Rycharski und Julita Niewęgłowska. „Vonoprazan - a new drug for inhibiting gastric acid secretion“. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, Nr. 8 (24.08.2022): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.08.068.
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Introduction and purpose
Vonoprazan is a potassium-competent acid blocker (P-CAB). It has the potential to be an alternative to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as it inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion. The mechanism of action is different than PPIs - vonoprazan reversibly inhibits gastric H+, K+-ATPase, while PPIs irreversibly. Vonoprazan is approved for use in Japan and the US. The aim of the study was to review articles on the use of vonoprazan instead of PPIs in the treatment of acid-related gastrological diseases and to present the results obtained.
A brief description of the state of knowledge
Vonoprazan is used in the treatment of acid-related gastrological diseases. The 20 mg dose is suitable for most diseases, such as treatment of ulcers during low-dose aspirin treatment, post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (post-ESD) ulcers, erosive esophagitis (EE) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Summary
Researches suggest that the drug is an alternative for PPIs and can be used instead of them. The main advantage of this drug over PPIs is that it works faster, more potent and long-lasting. Studies suggest that vonoprazan can be use to treatment of the acid-related diseases and may be a better choice than PPIs. Vonoprazan may have a particular use in the treatment of PPI-refractory GERD. In post-ESD ulcers, a significant benefit in treatment effects of vonoprazan over PPIs cannot be clearly concluded.
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Zou, Yonghui, Yiwu Yuan, Qi Zhou, Zhenqi Yue, Jiang Liu, Luojun Fan, Hesong Xu und Lin Xin. „The Role of Methionine Restriction in Gastric Cancer: A Summary of Mechanisms and a Discussion on Tumor Heterogeneity“. Biomolecules 14, Nr. 2 (30.01.2024): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14020161.
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Gastric cancer is ranked as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally and has long been a topic of passionate discussion among numerous individuals. However, the incidence of gastric cancer in society has not decreased, but instead has shown a gradual increase in recent years. For more than a decade, the treatment effect of gastric cancer has not been significantly improved. This is attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer, which makes popular targeted therapies ineffective. Methionine is an essential amino acid, and many studies have shown that it is involved in the development of gastric cancer. Our study aimed to review the literature on methionine and gastric cancer, describing its mechanism of action to show that tumor heterogeneity in gastric cancer does not hinder the effectiveness of methionine-restricted therapies. This research also aimed to provide insight into the inhibition of gastric cancer through metabolic reprogramming with methionine-restricted therapies, thereby demonstrating their potential as adjuvant treatments for gastric cancer.
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Xing, Yu, Zi-Li Zhang, Zhi-Ying Ding, Wei-Liang Song und Tong Li. „Tumor recurrence after pathological complete response in locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy: Two case reports“. World Journal of Clinical Cases 11, Nr. 27 (26.09.2023): 6483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6483.
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In recent years, metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer. It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells, tissues, organs or organisms. Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor. The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids. An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force. Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer.
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Pinto, Diana, Ana Margarida Silva, Stefano Dall’Acqua, Stefania Sut, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt, Cristina Delerue-Matos und Francisca Rodrigues. „Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Shell Extract Prepared by Subcritical Water Extraction: Bioaccessibility, Bioactivity, and Intestinal Permeability by In Vitro Assays“. Antioxidants 12, Nr. 7 (12.07.2023): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071414.
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Chestnut shells (CSs) are an appealing source of bioactive molecules, and constitute a popular research topic. This study explores the effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal permeability on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of polyphenols from CS extract prepared by subcritical water extraction (SWE). The results unveiled higher phenolic concentrations retained after gastric and intestinal digestion. The bioaccessibility and antioxidant/antiradical properties were enhanced in the following order: oral < gastric ≤ intestinal digests, attaining 40% of the maximum bioaccessibility. Ellagic acid was the main polyphenol in the digested and undigested extract, while pyrogallol–protocatechuic acid derivative was only quantified in the digests. The CS extract revealed potential mild hypoglycemic (<25%) and neuroprotective (<75%) properties before and after in vitro digestion, along with upmodulating the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and downregulating the lipid peroxidation. The intestinal permeation of ellagic acid achieved 22.89% after 240 min. This study highlighted the efficacy of the CS extract on the delivery of polyphenols, sustaining its promising use as nutraceutical ingredient.
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Saito, Makoto, Akio Mori, Sayaka Kajikawa, Emi Yokoyama, Minoru Kanaya, Koh Izumiyama, Masanobu Morioka, Takeshi Kondo, Zen-Ichi Tanei und Ai Shimizu. „Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A single-center analysis“. World Journal of Clinical Cases 11, Nr. 27 (26.09.2023): 6424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i27.6424.
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In recent years, metabolomics research has become a hot spot in the screening and treatment of cancer. It is a popular technique for the quantitative characterization of small molecular compounds in biological cells, tissues, organs or organisms. Further study of the tumor revealed that amino acid changes may occur early in the tumor. The rapid growth and metabolism required for survival result in tumors exhibiting an increased demand for amino acids. An abundant supply of amino acids is important for cancer to maintain its proliferative driving force. Changes in amino acid metabolism can be used to screen malignant tumors and improve therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the characteristics of amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. This article reviews several specific amino acid metabolism characteristics in colorectal cancer.
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Karateev, A. E., Е. Yu Pogozheva, V. N. Amirdzhanova und Е. S. Filatova. „Hyaluronic acid preparations in the treatment of osteoarthritis: is it clear to us?“ Modern Rheumatology Journal 12, Nr. 3 (16.09.2018): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2018-3-40-52.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease that causes persistent pain, limited joint function, disability, and loss of social activity. One of the most popular OA treatment options is intra-articular (I/A) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections. This procedure was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1980s and is used universally. To date, there is no consensus on the therapeutic value of HA. Many investigations confirm that HA is effective as not only a symptomatic agent, but also a structure-modifying one. Some works also show that the effect of HA is equal or only slightly superior to that of placebo (I/A saline injection). The review describes the mechanism of action and comparative efficacy of various (lowand high-molecular weight) HA preparations, as well as the safety of their use in real clinical practice.
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Popescu, Andrada L., Raluca S. Costache, Sandica Bucurica, Mihaita Patrasescu, Vasile D. Balaban, Florin A. Savulescu, Mariana Jinga, Florentina Ionita-Radu und Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici. „Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and esophageal motility“. Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 123, Nr. 3 (01.08.2020): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2020.123.3.7.
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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming popular between the bariatric procedures. There are few studies available in the literature about LSG impact on esophageal motility, with debatable results. Technically, it modifies the anatomy of the esophago-gastric junction; it can damage the phreno-esophageal ligament and decrease the lower esophageal sphincter pressure that will predispose to reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is already common in obese patients due to frequent hiatal hernia, high intraabdominal pressure, increased transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR), altered esophageal motility and poor esophageal clearance. LSG can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease, but also the weight loss achieved after it and the decrease of acid production in the small gastric pouch will probably reduce the GERD symptoms. Dysphagia and odynophagia were reported after sleeve gastrectomy, but usually associated with anatomical narrowing of the gastric sleeve, caused by esophageal dismotility or secondary to diabetes mellitus, low tiamine level, the use of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, even hypothyroidism. In addition to upper GI tract endoscopy, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) should be required for all patients planning to undergo a LSG, and in the follow-up period according to the contractility pattern.
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Boujbiha, Mohamed Ali, Hassiba Chahdoura, Khaoula Adouni, Borhane Eddine Cherif Ziani, Mejdi Snoussi, Yasmine Chakroun, María Ciudad-Mulero et al. „Wild Vitex agnus-castus L.: Phytochemical Characterization, Acute Toxicity, and Bioactive Properties“. Molecules 28, Nr. 13 (29.06.2023): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135096.
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Wild Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) is a Mediterranean plant that is rich in bioactive metabolites. This study aimed to validate, for the first time, the beneficial use of VAC fruits and fruit decoctions (VFDs) through in vitro and in vivo trials. Forty-one volatile components were detected in VAC fruits, with 1,8-cineole (30.3%) comprising the majority. The antioxidant activity of VFD was measured by using different in vitro methods (EC50 of 0.16 mg/mL by β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay) and by measuring the DNA protection power. Using the disc diffusion assay, the antimicrobial activity of VFD was evaluated, and it exhibited a noticeable anticandidal activity. VFD did not cause any toxicity or mortality in rats treated with doses > 200 mg/kg. Using the acetic acid writhing test, the antinociceptive activity of VFD was measured. Our results showed that VFD at 200 mg/kg exhibited a higher analgesic activity (81.68%) than acetylsalicylic acid used as a positive control (74.35%). Its gastroprotective ability was assessed by HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, which were remarkably inhibited (84.62%) by intraperitoneal administration of VFD. This work helps to validate the popular use of VAC to treat nociceptive, inflammatory, and gastric disorders and encourages researchers to further investigate the identification of pharmacological compounds from this species.
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Sivanandan, Anagha. „Role of Music as a Therapeutic Measure in Women’s Health“. International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, Nr. 10 (2022): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.51020.
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Background: Music is such an art form that conveys emotions and perceptions even without using a language. The research activities focusing on the effects of art forms on health and well-being has been evidently increasing over the past two decades. Music therapy is a widely accepted and popular form for improving health through arts. Studies have shown that women being more sensitive and sentimental can be influenced more easily by music. Materials and Methods: Review of relevant literature from modern medical science, Ayurvedic classics, text books of Indian Musicology, previous research works, articles published in peer reviewed journals and other genuine sources of internet. Results: Music plays a significant role in improving the health and wellbeing of a female both in preventive and therapeutic aspects. Discussion: Music being the product of Akasha and Vayu Mahabhuta is capable of controlling the bodily Vata Dosha. Ayurveda consider music as a means to tackle Pitta Dosha mainly. Previous research works have shown the effect of Indian classical music on gastric and allied secretions in digestive system where there is a major role for Pitta Dosha. The coordinated activity of Hypothalamo- Pituitary- Ovarian Axis (HPO Axis) is responsible for normal menstrual and reproductive mechanism in females where Vata and Pitta are having the main roles. So music can play an appreciable role in maintaining the normal functions in HPO axis.
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Kim, Sung Min, Eun-Jung Park, Jong-Yeon Kim, Jihee Choi und Hae-Jeung Lee. „Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented Lotus Root and Linoleic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells“. Life 10, Nr. 11 (19.11.2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110293.
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Inflammation is a protective response of the innate immune system. However, aberrant inflammatory responses lead to various diseases. Lotus root, the edible rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera, is a popular traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In a previous study, we reported that fermented lotus root (FLR) alleviated ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers in rats by modulating inflammation-related genes. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and its major constituent, linoleic acid (LA), are still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of FLR and LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. We found that FLR inhibited LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators through down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Similarly, LA also attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses and reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins associated with NF-κB signaling, such as ERK, JNK, and p38. Overall, our results suggested that FLR and LA may effectively ameliorate inflammatory diseases.
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Chen, Xu-Mei, Shu-Qi Zhang, Mi-Lan Cao, Jian-Jun Guo und Rui Luo. „Isolation of Peptide Inhibiting SGC-7901 Cell Proliferation from Aspongopus chinensis Dallas“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 20 (19.10.2022): 12535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012535.
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Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is used as a traditional Chinese medicine as well as an edible insect. Although its anti-tumor effects have been observed, the anti-tumor active component(s) in the hemolymph of A. chinensis remains unknown. In this study, a combination usage of ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, FPLC and RP-HPLC to separate and purify active peptides was performed based on the proliferation of the human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line treated with candidates. One peptide (MW = 2853.3 Da) was isolated from the hemolymph of A. chinensis. A total of 24 amino acid residues were continuously determined for the active peptide: N′-ECGYCAEKGIRCDDIHCCTGLKKK-C′. In conclusion, a peptide that can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in the hemolymph of A. chinensis was purified in this study, which is homologous to members of the spider toxin protein family. These results should facilitate further works for this peptide, such as the cloning of genes, expression in vitro by prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems, more specific tests of anti-tumor activity, and so on.
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Kumar, Mukesh, Deeksha Singh und Vatan Chaudhary. „Formulation and Characterization of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Pantoprazole“. EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4, Nr. 4 (03.08.2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2022.v04i04.001.
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Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor prodrug used in the treatment of gastric, duodenal ulcers and gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Zollinger- Ellison syndrome. This is the most popular drug used in cure and maintenance therapy of peptic ulcer along with antibiotics. It suppresses the acid production by inhibiting the H+ K+ ATPase. Pantoprazole must be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and because it is unstable under acidic conditions, enteric delivery systems are required. The purpose of this study was to prepare matrix tablet using eudragit Rs 100, eudragit S100, and HPMC. On the basis of above result the formulation showed satisfactory result as it has the maximum release i.e. F5 66.50%in 10 hrs. Result of our study suggest that the matrix tablet containing pantoprazole may be suitable for the anti ulcer drug.
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Abu Bakar, Nurul 'Ain, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah, Vuanghao Lim und Yoke Keong Yong. „Essential Oils Derived from Momordica charantia Seeds Exhibited Antiulcer Activity against Hydrogen Chloride/Ethanol and Indomethacin“. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (22.04.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525584.
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Momordica charantia (MC) is popular for its medicinal uses especially for treating diabetic-related complications. However, the antiulcer activity of essential oil derived from the seeds has not been systematically studied. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of essential oil derived from the seed of MC induced by hydrochloride acid/ethanol (HCl/EtOH) and indomethacin and pylorus-ligation model. Gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of HCl/EtOH solution or indomethacin on day 7 after animals have been pretreated with testing compounds. The first group received just distilled water and the second group received ranitidine (100 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of essential oil based on their body weight (10 mL/kg), respectively. Macroscopically, pretreatment of essential oil extracted from MC significantly decreased ulceration induced by HCl/EtOH and indomethacin in vivo. Microscopically, essential oil also significantly suppressed the formation of edema, epithelial disruption, and mucosa erosions. Moreover, essential oil significantly elevated the pH without decreasing the total acidity of the gastric juice and was able to increase the amount of adherent mucus compared to control. Current results provide scientific basis to the ethno-pharmacological usage of the MC in preventing ulcer formation induced by HCl/EtOH and indomethacin.
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Kumar, Mukesh, Mohit Saini und Lalit Parihar. „Preformulation Studies of Pantoprazole: Fundamental Part of Formulation Design“. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, Nr. 8 (04.08.2022): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i08.001.
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Once the novel molecule is planted, preformulation study is one of the fractions that is started. In a larger sense, it covers with research on a molecule's physical, chemical, analytical, and medicinal properties and offers suggestions for effective modifications that could be made to improve performance. The study of preformulation factors can contribute to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that are dependable, safe, stable, and efficacious. Pantoprazole is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. PPIs, pantoprazole binds to the proton pump (H+,K+ -adenosine triphosphatase) in the parietal cells to exercise its pharmacodynamic effects; however, in comparison to other PPIs, its binding may be more specific for the proton pump. When given as an enteric-coated, delayed-release tablet, pantoprazole is well absorbed and has a 77 % oral bioavailability. It is metabolized by the liver's cytochrome P2C19 into the inactive metabolite hydroxypantoprazole, which is then subjected to sulphate conjugation. Independent of dose, the elimination half-life ranges from 0.9 to 1.9 hours. Similar to other PPIs, pantoprazole is effective in promoting the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers. In the present works overall objective of preformulation studies of Pantoprazole is to engender information useful in developing stable and Bioavailable dosage forms.
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Pięt, Mateusz, und Roman Paduch. „Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids as Potential Anticancer Agents Acting in the Gastrointestinal Tract“. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 16, Nr. 1 (19.11.2018): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x15666180612090816.
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Background:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Contemporary therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy, are burdened with severe side effects. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop therapies that would be less devastating to the patient’s body. Such novel approaches can be based on the anti-tumorigenic activity of particular compounds or may involve sensitizing cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or reducing the side-effects of regular treatment.Objective:Natural-derived compounds are becoming more and more popular in cancer research. Examples of such substances are Ursolic Acid (UA) and Oleanolic Acid (OA), plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids which possess numerous beneficial properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity.Results:In recent years, ursolic and oleanolic acids have been demonstrated to exert a range of anticancer effects on various types of tumors. These compounds inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, prevent their migration and metastasis and induce their apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that UA and OA are promising anti-cancer agents that can prevent carcinogenesis at each step. Furthermore, cancers at all stages are susceptible to the activity of these compounds. </P><P> Neoplasms that are formed in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, are among the most common and most lethal malignancies. Their localization in the digestive system, however, facilitates the action of orally-administered (potential) anti-cancer agents, making chemopreventive drugs more accessible.In this paper, the anti-tumorigenic effect of ursolic and oleanolic acids on gastric, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as the mechanisms underlying this process, are presented.
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Mkrtumyan, A. M., I. Y. Yakovenko, A. A. Botov und T. U. Samratov. „The role of bile acids and intestinal microbiota in metabolic transformations after gastric bypass surgery“. Diabetes mellitus 25, Nr. 5 (30.11.2022): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm12880.
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Today, the positive impact of bariatric surgery on the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been studied in detail. At the same time, not only the effect of direct weight loss and the incretin theory, but also other mechanisms for normalizing glycemia are being actively discussed. Thus, special attention is paid to the metabolism of bile acids and their influence on various indicators of homeostasis, including carbohydrate metabolism. After bariatric interventions of the bypass type, the passage of bile through the gastrointestinal tract, as well as its interaction with food masses, changes significantly, which served as the basis for studying this phenomenon. The information accumulated to date indicates enormous changes occurring not only in the anatomy, but also in the biology of the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric bypass surgery. The composition of the intestinal microbiota and the composition of bile masses undergo significant changes. Most of the works available today suggest that these changes are the cause of a number of metabolic rearrangements, and directly affect carbohydrate metabolism. This issue is still under study and accumulation of the necessary information, but today it can be stated with confidence that the role of bile passage, bile acid circulation and restructuring of the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and energy balance after bariatric bypass surgery is of extreme importance.
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Borowiec, Marek L. „AMAS: a fast tool for alignment manipulation and computing of summary statistics“. PeerJ 4 (28.01.2016): e1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1660.
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The amount of data used in phylogenetics has grown explosively in the recent years and many phylogenies are inferred with hundreds or even thousands of loci and many taxa. These modern phylogenomic studies often entail separate analyses of each of the loci in addition to multiple analyses of subsets of genes or concatenated sequences. Computationally efficient tools for handling and computing properties of thousands of single-locus or large concatenated alignments are needed. Here I present AMAS (Alignment Manipulation And Summary), a tool that can be used either as a stand-alone command-line utility or as a Python package. AMAS works on amino acid and nucleotide alignments and combines capabilities of sequence manipulation with a function that calculates basic statistics. The manipulation functions include conversions among popular formats, concatenation, extracting sites and splitting according to a pre-defined partitioning scheme, creation of replicate data sets, and removal of taxa. The statistics calculated include the number of taxa, alignment length, total count of matrix cells, overall number of undetermined characters, percent of missing data, AT and GC contents (for DNA alignments), count and proportion of variable sites, count and proportion of parsimony informative sites, and counts of all characters relevant for a nucleotide or amino acid alphabet. AMAS is particularly suitable for very large alignments with hundreds of taxa and thousands of loci. It is computationally efficient, utilizes parallel processing, and performs better at concatenation than other popular tools. AMAS is a Python 3 program that relies solely on Python’s core modules and needs no additional dependencies. AMAS source code and manual can be downloaded fromhttp://github.com/marekborowiec/AMAS/under GNU General Public License.
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Vinod, M., M. Chetankumar, Somanath Bote und Shivanand Kolageri. „Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablets of Pantoprazole“. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, Nr. 5 (15.09.2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5577.
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Background: Pantoprazole is a protein pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat acute duodenal ulcers, acute benign gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and as a preventative measure for duodenal ulcer. It has a local effect on the stomach and works by competitively inhibiting the enzyme H+/K+ ATP, which is found in the gastric parietal cells. For acute duodenal ulcers, acute benign gastric ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the usual oral dosage recommendation is 45 mg, and it is taken for 8–12 weeks.
Objectives: The preparation of pantoprazole floating tablets was attempted in the current investigation and optimize the formulation using different excipients like Hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), cyclodextrin, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and microcrystalline cellulose were used in the direct compression method to create pantoprazole floating tablets (250 mg).
Methods: The direct compression method has been used in the current effort to create floating tablets. The active ingredient, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, and hydroxy ethyl cellulose were sieved through sieve no. 60 and blended uniformly with a mortar and pestle. Using a Rotary tablet punch machine, the powder was compacted into tablets after talc and magnesium stearate were added as lubricants
Results: Preformulation studies were conducted to select suitable excipients, drug/polymer interactions were validated by the FTIR investigation. The manufactured floating tablets were assessed for hardness, weight fluctuation, thickness, friability, drug content homogeneity, floating lag time, and in vitro dissolution experiment studies was conducted. The results were within the limit and were compared with the marketed formulation.
Conclusion: According to the observations of the current investigation, a floating pantoprazole tablet increases the stomach residence time and bioavailability, increasing therapeutic efficacy. Formulations F1, F2, F4, F5, F7, and F8 showed good floating, but Formulations F3, and F6 showed moderate floating throughout all 8 formulations. The stability analyses that were done for all the formulations showed that the F7 and F8 formulations had good stability.
Keywords: Pantoprazole, Floating tablet, Hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), Cyclodextrin, In-vitro drug release studies.
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Choi, Janghan, Lucy Wang, Joshua Gong, Ludovic Lahaye, Song Liu, Martin Nyachoti und Chengbo Yang. „75 Evaluating the in vitro release of essential oils from microparticles in simulated swine gastric and intestinal fluids and the essential oil stability in microparticles during feed pelleting process“. Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (Dezember 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.145.
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Abstract Essential oils are defined as plant-derived natural bioactive compounds with positive effects on animal growth and health due to their antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. However, essential oils are very volatile, can evaporate rapidly and be rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In addition, due to their labile nature, the stability of essential oils during feed processing is often questionable, leading to variable final concentrations in feeds. Micro-encapsulation has become one of the most popular methods to deliver essential oils into the lower gut. The objective of the present study was double: 1) to validate and demonstrate the slow release of essential oils, such as thymol, micro-encapsulated in combination with organic acids in a matrix of triglycerides, in simulated swine gastric and intestinal fluids and 2) to evaluate the essential oil stability in the microparticles during feed pelleting process. In the in vitro release experiments, the microparticles were incubated in simulated gastric fluids for 2 hours and then the samples were incubated in simulated intestinal fluids for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 hours at 39°C. In the pelleting experiment, a wheat-corn basal diet with 2 kg of micro-encapsulated product was formulated and pelleted. The thymol content in the samples was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection. The results showed that 27.65% thymol was released in simulated gastric fluids and the rest of thymol was progressively released in intestinal fluids until completion, which was achieved by 24 hours. The thymol concentration was not significantly different between the mash feeds and pelleted feeds (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the micro-encapsulated organic acid and essential oil product was able to maintain the stability of thymol under a commercial pelleting process and allow a slow and progressive release of its active ingredients as thymol in simulated digestive fluids.
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Mokhtar, Nur ‘Ainun, Fatahiya Mohamed Tap, Nur Hannani Ahmad Rozani, Nurul Bahiyah Ahmad Khairudin und Roshafima Rasit Ali. „Phytochemical profiling, pharmacology prediction, and molecular docking study of Chromolaena odorata extract against multiple target proteins in wound healing“. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 12, Nr. 4 (10.08.2023): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.44672.
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Introduction: Wounds have a significant influence on socioeconomic and the quality of life. Many attempts have been taken to produce advanced wound dressing to fulfill demands. The incorporation of natural therapeutics like medicinal plants in wound dressings is currently popular. However, several medications have failed to enter the market due to inadequate pharmacokinetics data. Computer-aided tools are now available as advanced drug discovery methods, which can be used to screen pharmaceuticals from phytochemicals found in various medicinal plants. This study aims to evaluate the phytoconstituents of Chromolaena odorata extract and its pharmacological potential as a wound-healing agent. Methods: Phytoconstituents from C. odorata were identified using qualitative screening methods and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their mechanistic properties were assessed using molecular docking and SwissADME tools. Results: Current works revealed that the topmost phytoconstituents in C. odorata were phytol (49.83%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (9.40%), linolenic acid (8.07%), and squalene (3.53%). Through SwissADME analysis, all four topmost compounds obeyed Lipinski’s Rule of 5. In silico molecular docking study of these top phytoconstituents against several protein targets involved in wound healing revealed that squalene had the highest binding affinity to GSK3-β (-6.8 kJ/ mol), MMP-9 (-7.4 kJ/mol), and COX-2 (-8.6 kJ/mol) as compared to other ligands (phytol, linolenic acid, and hexadecenoic acid ethyl ester). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the most prominent compound that contributes to C. odorata’s wound healing capacity is squalene and the incorporation of C. odorata in potential wound dressing formulation is justified.
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Chakraborty, Biswajit, Chandan Karak, Ayantika Maity, Sanjita Marandi, Sourav Roy und Manas Kumar Pandit. „A Review on Beneficial Properties of Purple Okra“. International Journal of Economic Plants 11, Feb, 1 (26.02.2024): 060–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2024.5096.
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Okra is one of the most popular and commercially grown vegetables in different parts of the India due its nutritive, medicinal and economic value. Generally, green tender pods of okra are used as edible purpose and green varieties are commercially cultivated for most okra growing areas even export market also dominated by green varieties despite being the higher nutritive value of purple okra or red okra than green okra. Purple okra has enormous health benefits and can be used as traditional medicine in China and Indonesia. Several epidemiological studies proof superiority of purple okra over green okra due to presence of different types of antioxidants like beta-carotene, anthocyanin and phenolic compounds. Higher nutrients’ composition of purple okra can prevent some chronic diseases like goitre, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, microbial infections, ulcers, and neurodegenerative diseases, irritation of the stomach and colon, gonorrhoea, sore throat, dysentery and also lower blood sugar. The fruits of purple okra have beneficial properties like anti-gastric acid, anti-oxidative, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory and even have insecticidal properties.
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Duc Thang, Truong, Le Thi Hanh Quyen, Hoang Thi Thuy Hang, Nguyen Thien Luan, Dang Thi KimThuy und Dong My Lieu. „Survival Survey of Lactobacillus acidophilus In Additional Probiotic Bread“. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, Nr. 4 (17.04.2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.588-592.2247.
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Bread is a popular food in the world because of its variety and convenience. Currently, studies on the adding probiotics to bread are limited due to the adverse effects of processing, such as baking temperature, aerobic environment to the probiotic bacteria. The objective of this study was to produce probiotic cream bread, in which Lactobacillus acidophilus was microencapsulated with Alginate 2% (A); Alginate 2% + maltodextrin 1% (AM); Alginate 2% + xanthan gum 0.1% (AX); and Alginate 2% + maltodextrin 1% + xanthan gum 0.1% (AMX). Microcapsules were added to the kernel, conducting encapsulation yield investigations, survival in baking, preservation of bread, and in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid conditions after 8 days of storage. The results showed that the addition of xanthan gum enhanced the encapsulation yield, it reached 92.9% and 92.37% in AMX and AX samples, respectively. The viability of L. acidophilus during baking was decreased by 3.64 and 3.75 Log (CFU/bread) in AMX and AM samples, compared to A and AX which were decreased by 4.75 and 4.44 Log (CFU/ bread). In SGF (Simulated Gastric Fluid) and SIF (Simulated Intestinal Fluid) conditions, the AMX microcapsules provide the best probiotic protection among the four tested carriers. The combination of xanthan gum and maltodextrin in alginate matrix, eventually leading to having dual efficiency: First, xanthan gum would act as buffers that reduce acid activity; Second, maltodextrin acting as a protective agent of L. acidophilus against high temperature as well as potential prebiotic that improve the viability of probiotic.
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Masuda, Takahiro, und Sumeet Mittal. „PS01.076: LAPAROSCOPIC REMOVAL OF A SLIPPED ANGELCHIK ANTIREFLUX PROSTHESIS“. Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (01.09.2018): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.076.
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Abstract Background The Angelchik prosthesis is c-shaped silicone ring designed to prevent acid reflux. The device, which is fitted around the gastroesophageal junction, was popular in 1980s and over 25,000 devices were placed in patients worldwide. However, follow-up showed a high frequency of undesirable results, including device migration and esophageal erosion. The use of this device was therefore abandoned in the early 1990s. Methods A 70-year-old man with a body mass index of 36 kg/m2 presented to us with persistent dysphagia and progressively increasing heartburn. He had undergone placement of an Angelchik prosthesis 37 years earlier. He said that he had experienced dysphagia since it was implanted, but had accepted it. His past medical history included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, contrast esophagram, and high-resolution manometry showed a slipped Angelchik device on the stomach with moderately impaired esophageal body motility. Results The patient underwent laparoscopic removal of the Angelchik prosthesis, followed by a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for antireflux. After laparoscopic access, adhesions from previous laparotomy were taken down and standard laparoscopic foregut surgery ports were placed. A fibrous calcified capsule encircling the Angelchik prosthesis was noted around the proximal stomach. The anterior wall of the capsule was peeled off using a Harmonic scalpel, and the Angelchik prosthesis was removed in one piece. Given the patient's esophageal dysmotility and scarring around the fundus, we proceeded with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The alimentary and biliary limbs were tailored to 80 cm and 30 cm in length, respectively. Using linear staplers, the gastric pouch was created by dividing the proximal stomach just below the level of the scarred tissue created by the Angelchik device. The distal stomach was left in situ. The operation lasted 160 minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss was 150 mL. Barium swallow on postoperative day 1 showed no leakage, and a liquid diet was initiated. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. The patient now reports resolved dysphagia and reflux. Conclusion Laparoscopic removal of the Angelchik prosthesis and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed safely with good outcomes. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Benetková, Barbora, Adéla Peterová, Monika Slavíková und Petr Kotlík. „Impact of Relative Humidity on Modified Alkoxysilane Gels“. Key Engineering Materials 714 (September 2016): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.714.95.
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Silicic acid esters have been used as stone consolidants for 50 years now. During this time they became the most popular consolidants for building materials, mainly thanks to their good properties during application. Despise all these positives, the use of alkoxysilanes brings also some drawbacks. The gel of the silicic acid esters, which is responsible for the consolidation, cracks and decays during several years after the treatment so that the consolidation has to be repeated. To suppress the cracking, the alkoxysilanes are often modified. In recent studies, we focused on modification of silicic acid ester gels by SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Some of the prepared mixtures cracked less than the unmodified mixture under ambient condition. This work builds on these experiments and works with the selected modified mixtures. As the consolidants are widely used outdoors, it was necessary to compare the degree of cracking of modified gels under various conditions. In this experiment we focused on their cracking under different levels of relative humidity. As the objective evaluation of cracking was needed, we believe to come up with partial solution to this problem – to assort the extent of cracking to some defined category. The categories were defined according to our former experiences with observation of cracking states of the gels. We found out, that the change of relative humidity has huge impact on the way and extent to which the gels cracked. Knowing this information we may be able to prepare the modified consolidant, that better withstands outdoor conditions and thus to preserve our cultural heritage for longer time.
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Dębska-Szmich, Sylwia, und Piotr Potemski. „Vitamin C and cancer risk and treatment“. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 987–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2021-0031.
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Abstract Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) works as a strong reductant, radical scavenger, and protector of cell membranes against primary peroxidative damage in tissues and in the extracellular fluid. L-ascorbic acid is involved in the synthesis of collagen and many other biologically relevant substances, enzyme activity, xenobiotic detoxification, and prevention of forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. It also plays a role in the immune system. Numerous data indicate that cancer patients suffer from vitamin C deficiency. Studies show that people with a low vitamin C intake have an increased risk of head and neck cancers as well as lung, gastric, pancreatic, cervical, rectal, or breast cancer. On the other hand, there is no clinical evidence to support the thesis that antioxidant supplements (including vitamin C) prevent cancer. Observational trials investigating high doses of intravenous L-ascorbic acid in previously treated cancer patients have shown that it allows an increase in quality of life and may improve physical, mental, and emotional functions, as well as reducing adverse effects of standard anticancer treatment, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss. So far, there were a few randomized controlled trials and they have not reported any statistically significant improvements in the overall or progression-free survival with vitamin C, as compared to the control arm. However, preclinical data indicating a role of L-ascorbic acid in modulation of immune response and its involvement in epigenome remodeling suggest its new potential clinical applications in cancer patients, especially in combination with immunotherapy. It seems reasonable to further investigate the value of vitamin C as a supportive treatment or in combination with anticancer targeted therapy.
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Stoof, Jeroen, Ernst J. Kuipers, Gerard Klaver und Arnoud H. M. van Vliet. „An ABC Transporter and a TonB Ortholog Contribute to Helicobacter mustelae Nickel and Cobalt Acquisition“. Infection and Immunity 78, Nr. 10 (19.07.2010): 4261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00365-10.
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ABSTRACT The genomes of Helicobacter species colonizing the mammalian gastric mucosa (like Helicobacter pylori) contain a large number of genes annotated as iron acquisition genes but only few nickel acquisition genes, which contrasts with the central position of nickel in the urease-mediated acid resistance of these gastric pathogens. In this study we have investigated the predicted iron and nickel acquisition systems of the ferret pathogen Helicobacter mustelae. The expression of the outer membrane protein-encoding frpB2 gene was iron and Fur repressed, whereas the expression of the ABC transporter genes fecD and ceuE was iron and Fur independent. The inactivation of the two tonB genes showed that TonB1 is required for heme utilization, whereas the absence of TonB2 only marginally affected iron-dependent growth but led to reduced cellular nickel content and urease activity. The inactivation of the fecD and ceuE ABC transporter genes did not affect iron levels but resulted in significantly reduced urease activity and cellular nickel content. Surprisingly, the inactivation of the nixA nickel transporter gene affected cellular nickel content and urease activity only when combined with the inactivation of other nickel acquisition genes, like fecD or ceuE. The FecDE ABC transporter is not specific for nickel, since an fecD mutant also showed reduced cellular cobalt levels and increased cobalt resistance. We conclude that the H. mustelae fecDE and ceuE genes encode an ABC transporter involved in nickel and cobalt acquisition, which works independently of the nickel transporter NixA, while TonB2 is required primarily for nickel acquisition, with TonB1 being required for heme utilization.
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Naveed, Nida. „Investigating the Material Properties and Microstructural Changes of Fused Filament Fabricated PLA and Tough-PLA Parts“. Polymers 13, Nr. 9 (06.05.2021): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091487.
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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a popular but complex additive manufacturing process that works with many process parameters which are crucial to investigate. In this study, 3D parts were fabricated by placing each filament layer in opposite direction to the others; for this, two combinations of raster angles, (45° −45°) and (0° 90°), along with three different infill speeds were used. In this study, two 3D printing material types—Polylactic Acid (PLA) and tough-PLA were used. The material properties of each 3D part were investigated to identify the best combination of these parameters. A microstructural analysis was also performed on outer and inner surfaces along with fracture interface of the parts after tensile testing using a scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) to explain material failure modes and reasons. The results suggest that for both the material types, a raster angle of 45° −45° produces stronger parts than to a raster angle of 0° 90°. This study also suggests that a slow infill speed improves tensile properties by providing a better inner-connection between two contiguous roasters. Thus, the detailed analysis of microstructural defects correlated with tensile test results provides insight into the optimisation of raster angle and infill speed, and scope for improvement of mechanical properties.
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Butt, Javaid, Yasasween Hewavidana, Vahaj Mohaghegh, Shabnam Sadeghi-Esfahlani und Hassan Shirvani. „Hybrid Manufacturing and Experimental Testing of Glass Fiber Enhanced Thermoplastic Composites“. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, Nr. 4 (02.12.2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3040096.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining enormous attention from academic and industrial sectors for product development using different materials. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a popular AM method that works with thermoplastics. This process offers benefits of customisation both in terms of hardware and software in the case of desktop-based FDM systems. Enhancement of mechanical properties for the traditional thermoplastic material is a widely researched area and various materials have been added to achieve this goal. This paper focuses on the manufacture of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites using Hybrid Fused Deposition Modelling (HFDM). Commonly available polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) material was inter-laced with 0.03 mm thick glass fiber sheets to manufacture GFRP products followed by tensile testing. This was done to investigate whether adding more layers increases the tensile strength of the GFRP products or not. Furthermore, the maximum number of glass fiber layers that can be added to the 4 mm thick specimen was also identified. This was done to demonstrate that there is an optimal number of glass fiber layers that can be added as after this optimal number, the tensile strength start to deteriorate. Microstructural analysis was undertaken after tensile testing followed by ultrasonic testing to assess the uniformity of the GFRP composites.
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Tran, Bang, Joshua Ovalle, Karl Molina, Ruben Molina und Ha Thu Le. „Solar-Powered Convenient Charging Station for Mobile Devices with Wireless Charging Capability“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS 20 (23.08.2021): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23202.2021.20.29.
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Mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and music players, have been increasingly popular. There is a strong demand for charging stations for these devices, especially in public places, such as bus stops, parks, beaches, schools, hospitals, and playgrounds. This project designs a convenient charging station for the mobile devices. It is renewable and supportive for diverse charging needs. The system key design parameters are: 200-W solar panel, 12-V 900-Wh deep-cycle lead acid battery, 300-W 120-VAC pure sine-wave inverter, 8 outlets (2 wireless, 4 DC USB and 2 AC). It aims to supply an average load of 175Wh. A prototype of the station is built and tested. The testing results show that the station works properly. The control system switches the outlets on and off accurately based on the battery available energy. On a sunny day, with the solar panel and the battery operational, the system can support a full load of 150Wh until the sun is gone. When operating without the solar panel using the fully-charged battery, the system can last at least 1.5 hours. The station can serve as a convenient power source. It helps promote the use of solar energy that is beneficial to the environment
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Selvaraj, Divya Bharathi, Jemi Feiona Vergil Andrews, Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi und Mahesh Kandasamy. „Ranitidine Alleviates Anxiety-like Behaviors and Improves the Density of Pyramidal Neurons upon Deactivation of Microglia in the CA3 Region of the Hippocampus in a Cysteamine HCl-Induced Mouse Model of Gastrointestinal Disorder“. Brain Sciences 13, Nr. 2 (04.02.2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020266.
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Elevated levels of histamine cause over-secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl), leading to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and anxiety. Ranitidine is an antihistamine drug widely used in the management of GI disorders, as it works by blocking the histamine−2 receptors in parietal cells, thereby reducing the production of HCl in the stomach. While some reports indicate the neuroprotective effects of ranitidine, its role against GI disorder-related anxiety remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ranitidine against anxiety-related behaviors in association with changes in neuronal density in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)–3 region of cysteamine hydrochloride-induced mouse model of GI disorder. Results obtained from the open field test (OFT), light and dark box test (LDBT), and elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that ranitidine treatment reduces anxiety-like behaviors in experimental animals. Nissl staining and immunohistochemical assessment of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)-1 positive microglia in cryosectioned brains indicated enhanced density of pyramidal neurons and reduced activation of microglia in the hippocampal CA–3 region of brains of ranitidine-treated experimental mice. Therefore, this study suggests that ranitidine mediates anxiolytic effects, which can be translated to establish a pharmacological regime to ameliorate anxiety-related symptoms in humans.
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Lim, Eui Yeon, Yun Jeong Lim, Sang Hoon Kim, Woongsup Kim und Jung Eun Lee. „Abstract 6475: Compatibility of chatbot-based mobile and paper-based FFQs in participants with colorectal or gastric cancer screening“. Cancer Research 83, Nr. 7_Supplement (04.04.2023): 6475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6475.
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Abstract Background: The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most commonly used method to assess the usual diet of groups and individuals. Paper or electronic FFQ consists of frequencies and portion sizes of foods and beverages. We developed a chatbot-based mobile FFQ, by embedding the validated FFQs in KakaoTalk, Korea’s most popular mobile messenger. We examined the compatibility of the paper and chatbot-based mobile FFQs in participants who underwent cancer screening endoscopy. Method: A total of 50 men and 45 women aged 24 to 79 were recruited from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital between April and August 2022. Participants underwent gastroscopy or colonoscopy for cancer screening. They completed both the paper and chatbot-based mobile FFQs. Log-transformed intakes of energy and nutrients were compared using the Pearson correlation coefficient. We also calculated the Cohen’s Kappa coefficients and evaluated Bland-Altman plots and the percent agreement from cross-classification to assess the compatibility. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficients of energy and energy-adjusted nutrients ranged from 0.74 (niacin) to 0.90 (vitamin A), and the median of coefficients was 0.85. Cohen’s kappa coefficient ranged from 0.56 (sodium) to 0.75 (n-6 fatty acid). In the Bland-Altman plots, most data were located between the lower and upper limits of agreement. The percentages of participants classified into the same and adjacent quartiles were between 88% and 98% for energy-adjusted nutrients. Conclusions: Our study suggests a good compatibility of paper and chatbot-based mobile FFQs. The chatbot-based mobile FFQ may provide comparable intake rankings and be used to evaluate the association between dietary intake and disease risk in longitudinal studies. Citation Format: Eui Yeon Lim, Yun Jeong Lim, Sang Hoon Kim, Woongsup Kim, Jung Eun Lee. Compatibility of chatbot-based mobile and paper-based FFQs in participants with colorectal or gastric cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6475.
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Omoniyi, Saheed Adewale, Michael Ayodele Idowu, Abiodun Aderoju Adeola und Adekunle Ayodeji Folorunso. „Chemical composition and industrial benefits of dikanut (irvingia gabonensis) kernel oil“. Nutrition & Food Science 47, Nr. 5 (11.09.2017): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-03-2017-0054.
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Purpose This paper aims to review the chemical composition and industrial benefits of oil extracted from dikanut kernels. Design/methodology/approach Several literatures on chemical composition of dikanut kernels, methods of oil extraction from dikanut kernels and chemical composition of oil extracted from dikanut kernels were critically reviewed. Findings The review showed that proximate composition of dikanut kernels ranged from 2.10 to 11.90 per cent, 7.70 to 9.24 per cent, 51.32 to 70.80 per cent, 0.86 to 10.23 per cent, 2.26 to 6.80 per cent and 10.72 to 26.02 per cent for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate contents, respectively. The methods of oil extraction from dikanut kernels include soxhlet extraction method, novel extraction method, enzymatic extraction method and pressing method. The quality attributes of dikanut kernel oil ranged from 1.59 to 4.70 g/100g, 0.50 to 2.67 meq/Kg, 4.30 to 13.40 g/100g, 187.90 to 256.50 mg KOH/g and 3.18 to 12.94 mg KOH/g for free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value and acid value, respectively. Also, the percentage compositions of oleic, myristic, stearic, linolenic, palmitic, lauric, saturated fatty acids, monosaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranging from 0.00 to 6.90, 20.50 to 61.68, 0.80 to 11.40, 0.27 to 6.40, 5.06 to 10.30, 27.63 to 40.70, 97.45 to 98.73, 1.82 to 2.12 and 0.27 to 0.49 respectively. The results showed that dikanut kernels has appreciable amount of protein, carbohydrate and high level of fat content while oil extracted from dikanut kernels have high saponification value, high myristic acid and high lauric acid. Research limitations/implications There are scanty information/published works on industrial products made from oil extracted from dikanut kernels. Practical implications The review helps in identifying different methods of extraction of oil from dikanut kernels apart from popular soxhlet extraction method (uses of organic solvent). Also, it helps to identify the domestic and industrial benefits of oil extracted from dikanut kernels. Originality/value The review showed that oil extracted from dikanut kernels could be useful as food additive, flavour ingredient, coating fresh citrus fruits and in the manufacture of margarine, oil creams, cooking oil, defoaming agent, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
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Loying, Rikraj, Jatin Kalita und Prasenjit Manna. „Rice-Based Alcoholic Fermented Beverages of North-East India: Insight into Ethnic Preparation, Microbial Intervention, Ethnobotany, and Health Benefits“. Journal of Food Biochemistry 2024 (17.01.2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/7769743.
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Introduction. Alcoholic fermented rice-based beverages (AFRBs) have been used since time immemorial for spiritual connection and cultural rituals in North-East India. AFRBs are also used traditionally in the healthcare system for remedy of tiredness, digestion problems, hypertension, and diabetes. Problems Statement. Limited scientific documents are available on AFRBs including starter cake preparation, production of the beverages, microbial intervention, nutritional aspects, and health benefits. Objectives. This review has been undertaken to find insight into ethnic preparation, microbial intervention, ethnobotany, and health benefits as well as nutritional aspects of popular AFRBs of North-East India. Major Findings. Studies reveal that AFRBs are enriched with medicinal benefits due to the presence of various microflora and medicinal plants. The presence of medicinal plants plays an important role underlying the health benefits of AFRBs. In addition, several functional microorganisms, such as strains of Lactobacillus and yeast, enhance the therapeutic potential of the AFRBs. Interestingly, strains of Pediococcus and Lactobacillus spp. improve bile and gastric juice tolerance, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and amylolytic activities and regulate the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes. Moreover, strains of Saccharomyces decrease the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and alter the respective mRNA expression. Furthermore, the consumption of AFRBs has no harmful effect among the communities on a regular basis in normal diet. Conclusion. A detailed scientific approach is required to maintain the desired product quality of AFRBs for the upliftment of the socioeconomic status of North-East India.
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Li, Yue, Fenqin Xu, Jun Sun, Kangwei Mao, Suyun Sun und Jie Dai. „Effect of Whole-Course Continuous Nursing Intervention Combined with a Nursing Practice Teaching Method on Quality of Life of Children with Functional Dyspepsia and Parents’ Satisfaction Based on Smart Health“. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (16.02.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8638564.
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With the development of information technology, it has become a part of people’s lives. WeChat is not only a popular chatting tool in daily life but can also be used in the medical field. Functional dyspepsia is a common pediatric disease, with complex pathogenic factors, which are usually attributed to abnormal gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our research, we aim to investigate the effects of whole-course continuous nursing intervention combined with a nursing practice teaching method on the quality of life (QOL) of children with functional dyspepsia and parents’ satisfaction. One hundred and twenty children with functional dyspepsia admitted to our hospital (February 2019–February 2020) were retrospectively analyzed and equally divided into the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) according to the order of admission. The CG received whole-course continuous nursing intervention, and the EG received whole-course continuous nursing intervention combined with the nursing practice teaching method. Children’s psychological states and QOL and parents’ satisfaction of both groups were compared. After discharge, compared with the CG, the negative emotion scores in the EG were remarkably lower ( P < 0.001 ). After discharge, compared with the CG, the QOL scores ( P < 0.001 ), the proportion of children with good and excellent QOL ( P < 0.05 ), and parents’ satisfaction ( P < 0.001 ) in the EG were remarkably higher. For children with functional dyspepsia, whole-course continuous nursing intervention combined with the nursing practice teaching method can improve their negative emotions, QOL, and parents’ satisfaction, which should be popularized in practice.
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Nikitina, O., S. Kutia und M. Kriventsov. „STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE STOMACH OF JUVENILE RATS AFTER REGULAR ADMINISTRATION OF AN ENERGY DRINK“. Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 3 (08.11.2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2224-6444-2021-11-3-34-39.
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Nowadays energy drinks are very popular, especially among young people. Their adverse effect on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and on some organs of the digestive system is well studied. Of great practi- cal interest is the study of the complex effect of energy drinks on the gastrointestinal tract and, in particular, on the stomach during regular, long-term consumption of energy drinks, as well as when they are consumed together with physical activity, due to the popularity of energy drink consumption during sports activities. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of structural changes in the stomach tissues of rats when energy drinks are consumed with and without additional physical exertion. The experiment was performed on 54 two-month-old male Wistar rats. Animals of the experimental groups daily for 10, 30 and 60 days received intragastrically with 10 ml/kg energy drink. Some of these animals were additionally subjected to physical load simulated on a treadmill. The control group of animals received distilled water in the same volume. Histological descriptive analysis revealed no significant structural changes in the gastric mucosa in the group of rats administered the energy drink for 10 days compared with the control group. Administration of the energy drink for 30 and 60 days leads to the appearance of degenerative-necrotic and inflammatory changes in the stomach, as well as an increase in its acid-producing and mucus-forming function. In the group of animals with simulated physical loadtogether with energy drink consumption, the changes are similar in their direction and expression to those found in the group of rats without additional physical load.
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Lusiana, Sanya Anda, Dhea Istiqomah Syahfitri, Ratih Nurani Sumarni und Budi Kristanto. „ANALISIS UJI ORGANOLEPTIK TERHADAP JAHE (Zingieber Oficinale) SEBAGAI MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL“. JOURNAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONS 8, Nr. 2 (23.12.2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52365/jhn.v8i2.535.
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Ginger as a functional ingredient has been shown to have an antiulserogenic effect because it contains Gingerol, Zingerone, Flavonoids, Acetone, Methanol and essential oils. Gingerol and zingerone can inhibit the secretion of gastric acid. Flavonoids have a cytoprotective effect that works by stimulating so that it increases prostaglandins. Acetone and methanol can protect the stomach by reducing stomach acid and preventing irritation of the gastric mucosa. In making traditional beverage products, the addition of brown sugar in addition to functioning as a sweet taste enhancer can also add a distinctive aroma and has a lower glycemic index than granulated sugar. To determine the level of preference for color, aroma, taste and texture and to find out the most preferred formula for Instant Ginger Drink. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) with the manufacture of ginger drink that has been added with brown sugar with a ratio of formula 1 50 gr : 50 gr, formula 2 65 gr : 35 gr, formula 3 75 gr : 25 gr. The results of statistical tests using the Kruskal Wallis test because the data obtained were not normally distributed with the results obtained that the three treatments tested had no difference in color, aroma, taste, and texture (p > 0.50). In this study 3 formulas that have been tested for organoleptic preference levels are obtained formulas with the highest level of preference starting from color (52.6%), aroma (52.6 %), taste (52.6 %), and texture (68.4), which is in formula 2.Jahe sebagai bahan fungsional telah terbukti memiliki efek antiulserogenik karena mengandung Gingerol, Zingerone, Flavonoid, Aseton, Metanol dan minyak atsiri. Gingerol dan zingerone dapat menghambat sekresi asam lambung. Flavonoid memiliki efek sitoprotektif yang bekerja dengan merangsang sehingga meningkatkan prostaglandin. Aseton dan metanol dapat melindungi lambung dengan mengurangi asam lambung dan mencegah iritasi pada mukosa lambung. Dalam membuat produk minuman tradisional, penambahan gula merah selain berfungsi sebagai penambah rasa manis juga dapat menambah aroma khas dan memiliki indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah dibandingkan gula pasir. Untuk menentukan tingkat preferensi warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur dan untuk mengetahui formula yang paling disukai untuk Minuman Jahe Instan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) dengan pembuatan minuman jahe yang telah ditambahkan dengan gula merah dengan perbandingan formula 1 50gr: 50gr, formula 2 65gr: 35gr, formula 3 75gr: 25gr. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis karena data yang diperoleh tidak didistribusikan secara normal dengan hasil yang diperoleh bahwa ketiga perlakuan yang diuji tidak memiliki perbedaan warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur (p>0,50)/. In penelitian ini diperoleh 3 rumus yang telah diuji tingkat preferensi organoleptik dengan tingkat preferensi tertinggi mulai dari warna (52,6%), aroma (52,6 %), rasa (52,6 %), dan tekstur ( 68,4), yaitu pada rumus 2.
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Muhammad Umer und Syed Wasif Bukhari. „Vonoprozan: potentially new first-line treatment for delayed upper gastrointestinal bleeds following endoscopic procedures? A letter to the editor“. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 71, Nr. 12 (05.01.2022): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.4136.
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Endoscopy nowadays is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for various gastrointestinal diseases due to it being less invasive and safer. However, amongst some adverse events is delayed bleeding. The definition of delayed bleeding requires endoscopic hemostasis and/or blood transfusion after at least two days of treatment. (1) Oesophageal cancer is comparatively more common in Pakistan, being 7th most common malignancy in men and 6th most common in women in Karachi. (2) Oesophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (E-ESD) employed in the treatment of the above- mentioned cancer has an incidence of delayed bleeding of about 1.3-6.7%. (1) The prevalence of gastric cancer across Pakistan was about 2-18% (3), for which endoscopic submucosal dissection is often used has an incidence of delayed bleeding of 4.7-15.6%. (1) Endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal varices can also result in delayed bleeding, the incidence of which easily reaches up to 10%. (1) In a retrospective cohort study of 124,422 patients conducted in Japan, it was found that vonoprazan was more effective in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding compared to omeprazole. (OR= 0.75) (1) Vonoprazan works by competitively inhibiting the potassium-acid channel resulting in strong and sustained acid inhibition. (4) It was also found to have a superior effect in the eradication of H Pylori and an equal effect in acid-related disorders. (5) In the retrospective study mentioned above, it is also worth noting that the efficacy of vonoprazan was variable with respect to procedures and was most prominent with gastroduodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (OR=0.70). (1) Other procedures did not elicit any significant difference. In addition, standard/high dose vonoprazan proved to be most efficacious in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding compared with standard/high-dose PPI and low-dose vonoprazan. It was also observed that patients taking anti-thrombotic medications at a higher risk of delayed bleeding also benefited from high-dose vonoprazan. (OR=0.74) (1) The findings above compel the conclusion that high dose vonoprazan should be ideal for reducing the risk of delayed bleeding in patients who have undergone gastroduodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection and/or are on anti-thrombotics. Though high-dose vonoprazan does look promising, it is imperative that more randomized controlled trials on more diverse populations be conducted to further explore its efficacy and safety as the drug might be a potential first line of therapy.
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Gothard, Andrew T., Jacob W. Hott und Steven R. Anton. „Dynamic Characterization of a Low-Cost Fully and Continuously 3D Printed Capacitive Pressure-Sensing System for Plantar Pressure Measurements“. Sensors 23, Nr. 19 (30.09.2023): 8209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198209.
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In orthopedics, the evaluation of footbed pressure distribution maps is a valuable gait analysis technique that aids physicians in diagnosing musculoskeletal and gait disorders. Recently, the use of pressure-sensing insoles to collect pressure distributions has become more popular due to the passive collection of natural gait data during daily activities and the reduction in physical strain experienced by patients. However, current pressure-sensing insoles face the limitations of low customizability and high cost. Previous works have shown the ability to construct customizable pressure-sensing insoles with capacitive sensors using fused-deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. This work explores the feasibility of low-cost fully and continuously 3D printed pressure sensors for pressure-sensing insoles using three sensor designs, which use flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the dielectric layer and either conductive TPU or conductive polylactic acid (PLA) for the conductive plates. The sensors are paired with a commercial capacitance-to-voltage converter board to form the sensing system. Dynamic sensor performance is evaluated via sinusoidal compressive tests at frequencies of 1, 3, 5, and 7 Hz, with pressure levels varying from 14.33 to 23.88, 33.43, 52.54, and 71.65 N/cm2 at each frequency. Five sensors of each type are tested. Results show that all sensors display significant hysteresis and nonlinearity. The PLA-TPU sensor with 10% infill is the best-performing sensor with the highest average sensitivity and lowest average hysteresis and linearity errors. The range of average sensitivities, hysteresis, and linearity errors across the entire span of tested pressures and frequencies for the PLA-TPU sensor with 10% infill is 11.61–20.11·10−4 V/(N/cm2), 11.9–31.8%, and 9.0–22.3%, respectively. The significant hysteresis and linearity error are due to the viscoelastic properties of TPU, and some additional nonlinear effects may be due to buckling of the infill walls of the dielectric.
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Helevera, O. F., und F. P. Topolnyi. „Про походження опідзолених і неопідзолених кислих ґрунтів“. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, Nr. 1 (24.02.2018): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_244.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">Summarized results of numerous publications and own research the origin of podzolized soils. It is shown in common national literature and alternative views on the origin of acid lowland and mountain soils. From the beginning, the emergence of the science of soil are ongoing debate about the origin of genetically close to the chernozem, but located slightly north than main array of the latest - gray forest and sod- podzolized soils, especially those of them who are long time not under forest vegetation. Most domestic researchers consider that the determining factor in the formation of a certain type of soil is the type of vegetation. Humus can be formed only from leaf litter. Where are widespread chernozem type, there has always been the herbaceous formation, and where are podzolized chernozem or gray forest soils, not to mention about the sod- podzolized soils – where were forests. This idea about a decisive role of vegetation in forming of soil types arose by V.V. Dokuchaev during study of soils of Nizhny Novgorod province. Alternative views, including labor O.H.Naboks, received strong objections and were forgotten. In the second half of the twentieth century began to appear works that have not proving popular in domestic scientists’ opinion, as if under the forest vegetation can be formed humus. Under the forest, soil is more acidic because with root secretions coming into soil more hydrogen ions which acidify the environment, which promote absorption of soluble nutrients, particularly phosphorus. The variety of soil of lowland areas in Ukraine, mainly determined by the characteristics of the water regime. If hydrothermal ratio close to 1.0 - formed chernozem. A slight flushing of soil thickness leads leaching of alkaline elements - are formedalkaline chernozem. A considerable flushing makes from the upper horizons not only soluble compounds but also partly silt fraction - is a process silt less and as a result are formed podzolized chernozem.<span> </span>And by weakening of the process of turf accumulation of humus are decreases, and are forming dark-gray and gray podzolized or forest soils.</span></p>
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Sadique, Nafees, Al Amin Neaz Ahmed, Md Tajul Islam, Md Nawshad Pervage und Swakkhar Shatabda. „Image-based effective feature generation for protein structural class and ligand binding prediction“. PeerJ Computer Science 6 (03.02.2020): e253. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.253.
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Proteins are the building blocks of all cells in both human and all living creatures of the world. Most of the work in the living organism is performed by proteins. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers which are biomolecules or macromolecules. The tertiary structure of protein represents the three-dimensional shape of a protein. The functions, classification and binding sites are governed by the protein’s tertiary structure. If two protein structures are alike, then the two proteins can be of the same kind implying similar structural class and ligand binding properties. In this paper, we have used the protein tertiary structure to generate effective features for applications in structural similarity to detect structural class and ligand binding. Firstly, we have analyzed the effectiveness of a group of image-based features to predict the structural class of a protein. These features are derived from the image generated by the distance matrix of the tertiary structure of a given protein. They include local binary pattern (LBP) histogram, Gabor filtered LBP histogram, separate row multiplication matrix with uniform LBP histogram, neighbor block subtraction matrix with uniform LBP histogram and atom bond. Separate row multiplication matrix and neighbor block subtraction matrix filters, as well as atom bond, are our novels. The experiments were done on a standard benchmark dataset. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of these features over a large variety of supervised machine learning algorithms. Experiments suggest support vector machines is the best performing classifier on the selected dataset using the set of features. We believe the excellent performance of Hybrid LBP in terms of accuracy would motivate the researchers and practitioners to use it to identify protein structural class. To facilitate that, a classification model using Hybrid LBP is readily available for use at http://brl.uiu.ac.bd/PL/. Protein-ligand binding is accountable for managing the tasks of biological receptors that help to cure diseases and many more. Therefore, binding prediction between protein and ligand is important for understanding a protein’s activity or to accelerate docking computations in virtual screening-based drug design. Protein-ligand binding prediction requires three-dimensional tertiary structure of the target protein to be searched for ligand binding. In this paper, we have proposed a supervised learning algorithm for predicting protein-ligand binding, which is a similarity-based clustering approach using the same set of features. Our algorithm works better than the most popular and widely used machine learning algorithms.
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Zyaitdinov, Damir, Alexandr Ewteew und Anna Bannikova. „Immobilization of Oat Bran Polyphenols in Complex Coacervates of Whey Protein and Malthodextrin“. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, Nr. 3 (12.10.2020): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-3-460-469.
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Introduction. Bioactive compounds are a very popular topic of modern food science, especially when it concerns obtaining polyphenols from cereals. The antiradical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of these ingredients allow them to inhibit and prevent coronary, artery, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as several types of cancer. Encapsulation is an effective technology that protects bioactive ingredients during processing and storage. In addition, it also prevents any possible interaction with other food constituents. The research objective was to obtain effective tools of controlled delivery of bioactive compounds. The study featured whey protein as a wall material in combination with maltodextrin to encapsulate the bioactives from oat bran.
Study objects and methods. The processed material was oat bran. The technology of its biotransformation was based on ultrasound processing and enzymatic hydrolysis. The antioxidant properties were determined using a coulometer of Expert – 006-antioxidants type (Econix-Expert LLC, Moscow, Russia). Separation and quantitative determination of extract were followed using a Stayer HPLC device (Akvilon, Russia) and a system column Phenomenex Luna 5u C18(2) (250×4.6 mm). The total phenolic content was measured by a modified Folin-Ciocalteu method. To prepare microcapsules, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and maltodextrin (MD) solutions were mixed at ratios 6:4, 4:6, and 5:5. After that, the mixes were treated by ultrasonication and 10% w/w of guar gum solution as double wall material. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined as a ratio of encapsulated phenolic content to total phenolic content. A digestion protocol that simulates conditions of the human gastric and intestinal tract was adapted to investigate the release kinetics of the extracts.
Results and discussion. Ferulic acid is the main antioxidant in cereals. Its amount during extraction was consistent with published data: 9.2 mg/mL after ultrasound exposure, 9.0 mg/mL after enzymatic extraction, and 8.6 mg/mL after chemical treatment. The antioxidant activity of the obtained polyphenols was quite high and reached 921 cu/mL. It depended on the concentration of the preparation in the solution and the extraction method. The polyphenols obtained by ultrasonic exposure and enzyme preparations proved to have a more pronounced antioxidant activity. The highest EE (95.28%) was recorded at WPC:MD ratio of 60:40. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis protocol simulating digestion in the gastrointestinal tract was used to study the effect of capsule structural characteristics on the kinetics of polyphenol release. The percentage of o polyphenols released from capsules ranged from 70% to 83% after two hours of digestion, which confirmed the effectiveness of microencapsulation technology.
Conclusion. The research confirmed the possibility of using polyphenols obtained by the biotechnological method from oat bran as functional ingredients. Eventually, they may be used in new functional products with bifidogenic properties. Whey protein can be used to encapsulate polyphenols as the wall material of microcapsules.
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan, Nikolay O. „Nikolai Izmailov (1907-1961): An appreciation“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, Nr. 7 (01.01.2008): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088007v.
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The International Conference on Modern Physical Chemistry for Advanced Materials was organized primarily to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Prof. Nikolai Izmailov and to pay tribute to his scientific achievements and legacy. Nikolai Arkadievich Izmailov was born in Sukhumi, in the southern region of the Russian Empire, on 22 June 1907. After his family moved to Kharkov (in Ukrainian: Kharkiv), he developed an early interest in chemistry and eventually enrolled as a Ph.D. student at Kharkov State University (at that time, it was called the Kharkov Institute of Public Education) in 1928. He initially conducted research into sorption of gases, under the guidance of Prof. Kosakevitch. Thereafter, he investigated the influence of salts on adsorption of organic molecules on water/air interface. He received his Ph.D. in 1937.From 1934, conducting his research at the University, he started a joint appointment at Kharkov Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and his independent scientific interests developed along two main directions, namely, static and dynamic properties of sorption from solutions and the influence of the solvent on dissociation of electrolytes. It was here that he collaborated with Maria Shraiber to introduce the "drop-chromatographic method" in 1938, which later became known as thin layer chromatography (TLC). This finding is widely recognized and acclaimed, and continues to play an essential role in everyday laboratory practice. At a time when one of the most promising methods of drug analysis was titrimetry, and in the course of his work at the Pharmaceutical Institute, Izmailov also became interested in using nonaqueous solvents for this purpose. He recognized that water is the most atypical of solvents, and tried to rationalize the origin of the then-novel concept of the differentiating influence of organic solvents on acid-base properties. Throughout the 1930s, Izmailov investigated the possibility of employing indicator electrodes, especially glass electrodes, in organic solvents.In 1944, Izmailov headed the Department of Physical Chemistry at the University. In his Sc.D. dissertation presented in 1948, as well as in his publications during the 1950s, he proposed a scheme of dissociation of electrolytes in solutions, which is recognized as probably the most complete. The main point, in respect to acids, was based on the idea of improving the fundamental but somewhat schematic Brønsted's theory, by considering solvation of all the equilibrium species. Just this viewpoint rationalized the differentiating action of solvents on the strength of acids (i.e., unequal changes in their dissociation constants). A seminal review published in 1950 bore the title of his dissertation, "The influence of solvents on the strength of acids", and presented a comprehensive and lucid classification of nonaqueous solvents according to the character of their levelling and differentiating influence on acids strength. He proposed the following groupings of solvents: (i) amphoteric, such as water and alcohols; (ii) mixtures of alcohols and dioxane with water; (iii) acidic solvents, such as formic, acetic, propionic acids, sulfuric acid and its mixtures with water, and liquid hydrogen halides; (iv) basic solvents, such as ammonia, hydrazine, pyridine, etc.; (v) aprotic solvents: benzene, chlorobenzene, etc.; (vi) "differentiating" solvents. The latter category, exemplified by nitriles, nitro compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and amides, had by then been known to differentiate strength of salts due to Walden's papers. Izmailov significantly elaborated this concept and adapted it to acids and bases, taking into consideration solvation effects. In fact, this significant group of solvents (vi) is now known as dipolar aprotic (A. Parker) or dipolar non-hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) solvents (F. Bordwell).In order to interpret the pKa shifts, the transfer activity coefficients of ions were divided into two parts. As a result, a general equation was proposed for the difference between the pKa in the organic solvent and in water, which included both the so-called Born term, already used by Brønsted, and the item reflecting other solvation effects. Actually, this was a unification of electrostatic approaches (Brønsted, Wynne-Jones, Gurney) and "chemical" theory of solvation (in the spirit of Mendeleyev and Kablukov).This was a decisive step toward the understanding of the multiplicity of solvent effects. In order to reveal the peculiarities of solvation of molecules, Izmailov compared interaction between acids (carboxylic acids and phenols) and alcohols on the one hand and ketones, nitriles, etc., on the other, using the "inert" solvents as media. Besides, Izmailov underlined the significance of degree of charge delocalization in conjugated anions (i.e., carboxylate and phenolate) with respect to alterations in the strength of corresponding acids in organic solvents; later, such ideas grew very popular. These concepts enabled the different changes in dissociation constants of acids belonging to the same "charge type" to be rationalized, but to different "chemical types" on going from water to organic solvents, despite Brønsted's theory, a general effect that had already been stressed by Verhoek. In Izmailov's scheme of electrolytic dissociation, the possibility of the existence of ion pairs between solvated proton and anion of the acid was foreseen. Indeed, he had even alluded to this in his dissertation completed in 1947. Accordingly, for dissociation of salts CA, the scheme not only took into account solvated species (C+A-)solv, free solvated ions C+solv, and Asolv, but postulated also associates of solvated ions, C+solvAsolv. The latter can be considered as a prototype of the so-called solvent-separated, or loose, or long ion pairs C+//A-.Izmailov and his associates continued studying acids, bases, and salts in alcohols, polar and nonpolar aprotic (non-HBD) solvents, acidic and basic solvents, mainly by potentiometry; the results of their exhaustive research were presented in a vast series of papers under the title "Thermodynamic properties of electrolytes in nonaqueous solutions" published in the Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, as well as in other publications. Izmailov proposed several new methods for estimating activity coefficients of ion transfer from water to nonaqueous solvents and Gibbs energy of ion solvation and generalized the concept of unique (unified) acidity scale in different solvents. The most monumental of Izmailov's contributions was the treatise "Electrochemistry of solvents", which was published in Russian in 1959. Most of the original sections of this voluminous 958-page work, devoted to the detailed scheme of electrolytic dissociation, differentiating action of solvents, solvation, etc., were completely reviewed in the excellent monograph of Shatenshtein, which was translated into English and thus became available to international readership. This major contribution is well known to those working in the field of solution chemistry and is still frequently cited.Izmailov also continued his early studies on the behavior of glass electrode in different solvents. He made a considerable contribution to the theory of physicochemical analysis. In Ukraine, Izmailov was one of the pioneers in the application of radioactive indicators to physical chemistry. The latter were used by him both for studying solubility and solvation of salts and to gain understanding of the response mechanism of glass electrodes. Izmailov was among the first who used Volta cells for determination of real solvation energies and activity coefficients of single ions. At the end of the 1950s, he applied quantum chemistry to estimate proton affinities and ionic solvation energies.The untimely death of Nikolai Izmailov in 1961 was a loss to science, but his prolific output of over 280 publications ensures his place in the records of modern physical chemistry. This appreciation introduces a collection of works that would surely have captured his interest and will serve to honor his memory. A more detailed and personalized account of the man and the times in which he lived and achieved will be published in the September 2008 issue of Chemistry International and furnishes a link to a short bibliography listing some of his seminal publications.Nikolay O. Mchedlov-PetrossyanV. N. Karazin National University
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Wu, Ya, Hua Jiang, Guangfang Chen, Xingxing Chen, Chengming Hu, Xiaofei Su, Fang Tan und Xin Zhao. „Preventive Effect of Gonggan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco Var. Gonggan) Peel Extract on Ethanol/HCl-Induced Gastric Injury in Mice via an Anti-oxidative Mechanism“. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (17.11.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.715306.
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Gonggan (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. gonggan) is one of the most popular citruses. In this study, the effect of Gonggan peel extract (GPE) on gastric injury was investigated. The components in GPE were analysed by HPLC and the gastric injury model in mice was established by ethanol/hydrochloric acid. After treatment by GPE, the pathological changes of gastric tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were measure by kit. And the mRNA expression of related gene was determined by qPCR assay. HPLC result showed GPE mainly contained the flavonoids narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin and 5-demethylnobiletin. Morphological and pathological analysis of gastric tissue revealed that GPE could relieve gastric injury. Also, GPE increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and decreased the level of MDA. Moreover, GPE decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 to suppress inflammation. In addition, the q-PCR results showed that GPE upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, γ-GCS, GSH-Px, CAT, and IκBα and downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB. In conclusion, GPE alleviated gastric injury caused by ethanol/hydrochloric acid by inhibiting oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The mechanism by which GPE protects gastric tissues may involve the antioxidative pathway. Therefore, GPE has great potential to be developed as a product to prevent gastric injury.
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AlSogair, Saad sami. „Rheology Of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: Understanding The Science ToImprove Results In Clinical Practice“. International Journal Of Health & Medical Research 02, Nr. 05 (16.05.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.58806/ijhmr.2023.v2i5n01.
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Hyaluronic acid fillers are one of the most frequently used in cosmetic procedures. They are popular because of their ability to restore volume to the face, which surgery isn’t capable of. Inside the skin, the implant is subjected to various mechanical forces that vary according to the anatomical area. Every filler has specific rheological properties which change the way it performs in the clinical environment. A sound understanding of how the anatomy of the face works, alongside the rheological properties of the filler, is vital for successful outcomes in facial rejuvenation procedures.
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Onge, Erin St, und Bradley Phillips. „Vonoprazan: A New Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker“. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 22.04.2023, 875512252311665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87551225231166531.
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Objective: To review the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of vonoprazan for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. Data Sources: A literature search was performed through PubMed using the following key terms: vonoprazan, Voquezna, TAK-438, potassium-competitive acid blocker, H pylori, and gastrointestinal. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Selected articles included those which described clinical studies of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, or tolerability of vonoprazan. Data Synthesis: Vonoprazan works by competing with potassium on the proton pump to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Phase 3 clinical trials have shown that vonoprazan is noninferior to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a component of H pylori eradication regimens. Vonoprazan has also shown promise in duodenal ulcer-healing rates and in reducing symptoms of heartburn. Common adverse effects associated with vonoprazan include nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, headache, and abdominal pain. Conclusion: Clinical practice guidelines recommend PPIs as the antisecretory agent of choice in H pylori eradication regimens with histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) as potential alternatives. However, the use of either class of medications may be limited by adverse effects, drug interactions, and tolerability. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), like vonoprazan, may be safe and effective alternative antisecretory agents for H pylori eradication regimens, as well as other gastrointestinal disorders.
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Siddhant Rai und Shaheen Sultana. „Gastric Retentive Drug Delivery system and its recent insights : A Review“. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 15.01.2023, 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2310127.
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Oral route is believed to be the most convenient and profoundly accepted drug delivery system and to enhance the efficiency of oral delivery of drug and to overcome the physicochemical and biological barriers in oral delivery, concept of novel delivery system is introduced.Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) is one such type of drug delivery system. In conventional delivery system it is hard to provide drug at specific site, but on other hand GRDDS we can retain the drug in stomach for prolong period. There is various approach for retention of drug in stomach like high density, low density (floating system), magnetic, raft forming, bio-adhesive systems, which helps increase the bio-availability of drug. Drugs with good acid solubility, instability at alkaline pH, narrow absorption window, can be formulated by this system. This review includes introduction, potentialcandidates, advantages, disadvantages, approaches, formulation aspects, marketed preparations, current insights including ongoing research and patent works. This review article will help researchers and medical students to have better understanding on GRDDS which ultimately help themin formulation and designing of GRDDS.
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Memon, Yasra, Imran Ali Shaikh, Imran Karim und Tariq Zaffar Shaikh. „Correlation of Demographic Characteristics to Bone Calcium and Vitamin D in Patient taking Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)“. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 30.04.2024, 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i04.1251.
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Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) works by blocking the hydrogen-potassium ATPase inhibitor H/K ATPase inhibitor located on gastric parietal cells. It blocks the last step of acid production that is why it is more potent and effective than other acid suppressants like H2 blockers, 99% of gastric acid secretion is reduced by using it. Objective: To evaluate Demographic characteristics of individuals using proton pump inhibitor (PPI) all over Sindh. Methods: The Quasi experimental study contained 227 young individuals of age 20-45years having acid peptic disease, dyspepsia. Study was taken place in Medicine OPDs of Jamshoro and Hyderabad at Civil Hospital and duration of study was from 15th March 2020 to 15th September 2020. All individuals taking proton pump inhibitor were excluded from study. Sampling technique was non-probability convenient sampling. SPSS version 21.0 software was used to analyze the data. The student paired t test was used at the confidence interval of 95%, apart from it the P-value is observed ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no effect on demographic characteristics of individuals using proton pump inhibitor (PPI) all over Sindh on serum calcium and vitamin D levels. Therefore, p-value was seen 0.7 for the serum calcium and 0.1 for Serum Vitamin D. Conclusions: In any group of age, gender, residential status there is no effect on serum calcium and vitamin D with use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for less than 6 months.
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Gentile, Maurizio, Lorenzo Vergara, Vincenzo Schiavone, Giovanni Cestaro und Luigi Sivero. „Harry Potter's Occlusion: Report of a Case of Pumpkin Seed Bezoar Rectal Impact“. Frontiers in Surgery 9 (14.07.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.902701.
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Bezoar is a term from Arabic “bāzahr” or ultimately from Middle Persian “p'tzhl” (pādzahr, “bezoar antidote” or less commonaly ægagropile or egagropile (2–4). It was believed to have the power of a universal antidote that works against any poison, and a glass containing a bezoar could neutralize any poison poured into it. In science, it is a mass of hair or undigested vegetable matter found in a human or animal intestines, similar to a hairball. Otherwise, the name could derive from a kind of Turkish goat whose name is just bezoar. Usually, it is found trapped in every part of the gastrointestinal system and must be distinguished by pseudobezoar, which is an nondigestible object voluntarily introduced into the digestive tract. The most common causes are a previous gastric surgery such as a gastric band (for weight loss) or gastric bypass, a reduced stomach acid (hypochlorhydria) or decreased stomach size, and a delayed gastric emptying, typically due to diabetes, autoimmune disorders, or mixed connective tissue disease. Seed bezoars are usually found in the rectum of patients without predisposing factors, causing constipation and pain. Rectal impaction is common after ingestion of seeds, while a true occlusion is rare. Although several cases of phytobezoars composed of various types of seeds are reported in the literature, bezoars of pumpkin seeds have rarely been reported. The authors report a case of fecal impaction by pumpkin seed bezoars with abdominal pain: a difficulty to void with subsequent rectal inflammation and hemorrhoid enlargement was observed. The patient underwent a successful manual disimpaction.
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Singh, Ashwani, Dr Mayank Bansal und Dr Rakesh Gupta. „A Review on Enteric Coated Tablet“. Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 11, Nr. 6 (06.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v11i6.946.
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Some of the purpose of tablet coating are masking flavour, fragrance overlapping, Environmental protection, prevent drug from gastric acid .Enteric coated tablets are solid unit dosage forms which are designed to bypass the stomach and release the drug in small intestine and are meant for oral administration. The word “enteric” indicates small intestine; therefore enteric coatings prevent release of medication before it reaches the small intestine.Most enteric coating works by presenting a surface that is stable at the highly acidic pH found in stomach, but breaks down rapidly at a less acidic pH. For e.g. they will not dissolve in the acidic juices of the stomach (pH-3), but will in the alkaline (pH7-9) environment present in the small intestine. Materials used for enteric coatings include CAP, CAT, PVAP and HPMCP, fatty acids, waxes, shellac, plastics and plant fibres.