Thematische Bibliographien / Gas steam boiler

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Gas steam boiler“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Gas steam boiler"

Tuński, Tomasz, Cezary Behrendt und Marcin Szczepanek. „Mathematical Modeling of the Working Conditions of the Ship’s Utilization Boiler in Order to Evaluate Its Performance“. Energies 12, Nr. 16 (13.08.2019): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163105.

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The paper presents a mathematical model allowing the determination of the amount of saturated steam produced in marine water tube boilers and smoke tube boilers. The mathematical model includes the impact of the exhaust gas temperature and its amount, ambient temperature, engine power load, and location of boiler tubes. In addition to the amount of steam generated in a boiler, it is also feasible to establish flow resistance of the exhaust gas in the boiler determined by the boiler tubes’ arrangement and the thickness of scale deposits and the exhaust gas temperature after the exhaust gas boiler. Due to the model universality, it may be applied not only to make calculations for existing boilers, but also to perform numerical experiments in order to determine the amount of steam produced by the entire range of boilers used in the waste heat recovery systems in power marine systems and the adopted limit values, such as exhaust gas flow resistance and their temperature, after the boiler. The reliability of the obtained results has been revised by comparing them with the outcomes of the experiments performed on the ships.

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Bezhan, V. A., V. M. Zhytarenko und P. Dalakov. „Energy Characteristics of Medium Pressure Steam Boilers“. Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, Nr. 2 (2020): F8—`F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).f2.

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The object of this study is the thermal and energy characteristics of medium pressure boilers of СНPP-1, four boilers CKTI-75/39F-2-4 and two boilers TP-150-2. All boilers operate on a common steam collector of 32 atm, at 420 °С. Fuel is a mixture of blast furnace gas and natural gas in the ratio of 0.7-0.9 volume particles. The characteristics of the blast furnace gas are not constant: the elemental composition, humidity, and dustiness of blast furnace gas change significantly. Analysis of operation of CHPP-1 medium pressure boilers of OJSC “Mariupol Metallurgical Combinat named after P. G. Ilyich” was carried out on the basis of the technical documentation and materials obtained during the ecological and thermal-technical tests of the boilers CKTI-75/39F-2-4 No. 7–9, and TP-150 No. 11, 12 of SU “Promavtomatika”. The main purpose of the analysis is to identify patterns that affect the operational characteristics of boilers, especially the efficiency. The analysis revealed the nature of the overall dependence of the efficiency on the load, as well as the dependence of the efficiency of the boilers on the load at different thermal parts of the blast furnace gas. After carrying out the balance tests, the dependencies of the exhaust gas temperature on the boiler load at different thermal parts of the blast furnace gas were established. Keywords: medium pressure boiler, thermal efficiency, blast furnace gas, heat losses.

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Thamrin, Ismail, und K. Novaldo. „COMPARISON SPIRAL PIPE WITH ROUND PIPE FOR HEAT TRANSFER IN BOILER GAS TURBINE“. Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 1, Nr. 1 (21.11.2020): 039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v1i1.8.

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The increasing need for energy requires finding alternative energy. Sawdust is wate but can be utilised as alternative energy. The sawdust is used as a boiler fuel called biomass. However, the utilization of sawdust as a boiler fuel is considered less effective. Presumably heat and mass transfer of steam for boiler system using spiral pipes. Since the length of steam distribution becomes long so that the heat transfer from boiler to pipes takes a long time. Thus, this study examines the effect of spiral pipes for the heat transfer process for boilers, where the steam is supplied to rotate the turbines (generate electricity). Based on initially study, the boiler system performance using spiral pipe is better than round pipe.

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Ponomarenko, Y., M. Katkov und R. Semenenko. „INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GAS BOILER OPERATING MODES“. Municipal economy of cities 4, Nr. 157 (25.09.2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-127-133.

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A thermal energy is one of the most significant sources of environmental impact.This is a consequence of both the use of mostly non-renewable natural resources and environmental pollution from thermal power plants. The intensity of this impact depends on many factors, namely the purpose, power, type of fuel used and operating mode. Existing studies have established links between emissions and characteristics such as power and fuel type for stationary operating conditions. At the same time, changes in operating conditions have a significant impact on environmental and economic characteristics. This article is devoted to establishing the relationship between the operational characteristics of gas boilers and their environmental and economic efficiency. The analysis was based on the field data obtained from steam and water boilers that are in commercial operation and uses the natural gas. It was found that for steam and water boilers, there is a well-conditioned non-linear relationship between the technological parameters of boiler operation, in particular gas consumption, the percentage of boiler load, the amount and temperature of flue gases with indicators of pollutants entering the atmosphere. The most significant factor affecting the environmental and economic characteristics of boilers is the percentage of load of boilers. The nature of the dependency is determined by the type of boiler and the setting mode. These dependences with a high degree of conditionality have a parabolic character, which makes it possible to assume the existence of adjustment modes that minimize environmental and economic costs. For steam and water boilers, the dependence of environmental impact on the percentage of load is direct. But for steam boilers in the range of data that were studied, it has a monotonous character, that is, it does not have an extremum point. For water boilers, it is possible to find the optimal loading level that minimizes environmental costs, but to confirm this assumption, additional research is needed at low boiler loading levels. The proposed method can be used to determine the operating modes of boilers and their settings, taking into account environmental and economic criteria. Keywords: water gas boilers, steam gas boilers, operating modes, environmental and economic characteristics.

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Eidensten, L., J. Yan und G. Svedberg. „Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, Nr. 3 (01.07.1996): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816691.

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This paper is a presentation of a systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non-top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler, and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen as 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part-load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low-grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with a very clean working medium.

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Osintsev, Konstantin, Sergei Aliukov und Sulpan Kuskarbekova. „Experimental Study of a Coil Type Steam Boiler Operated on an Oil Field in the Subarctic Continental Climate“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (14.02.2021): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041004.

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Transportable boiler plants are widespread in the northern regions of the Russian Federation and have a large and stable demand in various spheres of life. The equipment used and the schemes of existing boiler plants are outdated—they require replacement and modernization. Our proposed new installation includes a coil type steam boiler and ancillary equipment designed with the identified deficiencies in mind. The steam boiler coils are coaxial cylinders. The scope of the modernized transportable boiler plant is an oil field in the subarctic continental climate. The work is aimed at completing an experimental and theoretical study of the operation of a coil type steam boilers under real operating conditions. Experimental data on the operation of boiler plants are presented. The dependences of the fuel consumption of boiler plants on the temperature and pressure of the coolant are obtained. Statistical analysis is applied to the collected data. Conclusions are formulated and a promising direction is laid out for further research and improvement of coil type steam boilers. Equations are proposed for calculating the convective component of radiant-convective heat transfer in gas ducts, taking into account the design features of boiler units by introducing new correction factors. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data showed their satisfactory agreement.

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Fuller, Jack, und Yang Guo. „Update and Analysis of Current Boiler Operations Used for the Generation of Steam Heat and Electricity“. Energy and Environment Research 7, Nr. 1 (05.05.2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v7n1p23.

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According to the U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the number of boilers in the U.S. devoted to the production of steam, electricity, and heat is approximately 1.5 million. This study analyzes boilers burning natural gas, coal, wood, oil, or other fuels to recover thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water to produce electricity or heat. The focus of this research paper will be to assess the compliance status of the boilers which were in the original EPA major source Boiler MACT group to provide insight into the current operating status of these boiler units.

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SHARP, W. B. A. (SANDY), W. J. JIM FREDERICK, JAMES R. KEISER und DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL. „Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits“. August 2014 13, Nr. 8 (01.09.2014): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.8.65.

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The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

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Siswanto, Jatmiko Edi. „Analisa Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Output Turbin Terhadap Efisiensi Boiler“. Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, Nr. 2 (25.12.2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i2.39.

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In palm oil processing companies to become oil, the boiling process is carried out to make it easier for the loose fruit to come from the bunches, to stop the development of free fatty acids and will cause the tbs to soften so the oil extraction process becomes easier. The boiling process requires steam from steam. Steam is obtained by heating a vessel filled with water with fuel. Generally, boilers use liquid, gas and solid fuels. Steam functions as a boiling and electric generator, the company uses a boiler as a steam producer to support the production process. A boiler or steam boiler is a closed vessel used to produce steam through an energy conversion process. To find out the boiler efficiency, a calculation is carried out by taking the parameters needed for boiler operation, from the analysis the highest boiler efficiency results are 83.56% and the lowest is 75.25%, where the heating value with 13% fuel at 1000 Kw load is 83, 56%. And the calorific value with 10% fuel at a load of 750 Kw is smaller with a value of 75.25%.

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Stepanov, D., N. Stepanova und S. Bilyk. „ENERGY MODERNIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL BOILER HOUSE“. Modern technology, materials and design in construction 29, Nr. 2 (2021): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2020-2-108-112.

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The current state of the energy sector is analyzed, the physical and moral obsolescence of the main equipment is revealed, the losses of electricity in the networks are increased. Coal combustion at power plants is accompanied by increased man-made load on the environment. To increase the energy, economic and environmental efficiency of energy supply of industrial enterprises, the use of decentralized cogeneration based on gas industrial boilers or the use of biomass boilers is proposed. Options for energy modernization on the example of an industrial dairy boiler house are considered. 8 variants of increase of reliability, energy efficiency, economy and environmental friendliness are offered, namely installation of boilers on biomass, gas turbine and gas-piston heat engines, creation of thermal power plant with steam turbine installation on saturated and superheated steam. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of variants, and also rationality of their introduction on boiler houses of the industrial enterprise is executed. Calculations of economic indicators of different options for energy modernization of the boiler house allowed to identify effective methods to increase the efficiency of energy equipment. The analysis also takes into account the possibility of diversification of energy supply and reduction of dependence on electricity suppliers.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Gas steam boiler"

Kuriál, Jakub. „Návrh parního plynového kotle“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417512.

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This thesis deals with a design of a steam boiler combusting natural gas. It consists of stoichiometric calculation, determination of boiler efficiency, thermal calculations and determining geometric parameters of the boiler and its heat transfer surfaces. The results are verified by the heat balance of the boiler.

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Vacek, Jiří. „Návrh parního plynového kotle“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443175.

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The aim of this thesis is a draft of a gas steam boiler with steam output of 200 t/h. The first part of the paper provides stoichiometric calculations, then there are calculations of the dew point, boiler efficiency and the amount of gas. After that, calculations and a draft of the combustion chamber are carried out and then heat balances are drafted. In the following text, geometric properties of individual heat exchanging surfaces are drafted. At the end, there are control calculations. This thesis contains a blueprint of the gas steam boiler.

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Sedlák, Petr. „Vertikální kotel na spalování zemního plynu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232153.

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This master´s thesis is dealing with the thermal calculation and design of boilers for natural gas combustion. The aim is to design the heating surfaces, so as to meet the requirements of the steam temperature of 490 ° C, the pressure of 7 MPa and the steam output of 60 t/h.

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Daubner, Tomáš. „Návrh parního kotle na spalování zemního plynu, parametry páry 170 t/h, 6,7 MPa, 485°C“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231668.

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The topic of master thesis is the thermal calculation and proportion design of gas-fired steam boiler. The first part describe technical characteristics and parameters of the boiler. The main part of this thesis is the thermal calculation of the boiler.

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Růžička, Tomáš. „Tepelný výpočet parního kotle“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230433.

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The topic of this thesis is the thermal calculation of steam boiler with natural gas fuel. The first part is describing technical characteristic and parametres of the boiler. The main part of this thesis is the thermal calculation of the boiler. The following part deals with determination of steam amount and steam parametres for blowing through pipes of the boiler.

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Mandelík, Ladislav. „Kotel na spoluspalování plynů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378706.

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The topic of this diploma thesis is to design the co-firing of blast furnace gas and coke-oven gas. First, the stoichiometric calculation for the gas mixture was made. It is followed with the determination of basic measures of heating surfaces and with their thermal calculation. The part of the work is also the drawing documentation of the boiler.

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Šenovský, Petr. „Parní kotel s přihříváním páry na spalování vysokopecního plynu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231184.

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The aim of this Diploma thesis is design of steam boiler with steam reheating, for combustion the blast furnace gas. The fuel composition and primary parameters for calculation of the boiler were provided. In the first part the fuel composition is described. The main part of the thesis consists of stoichiometric calculations, establishing efficiency of the boiler, calculating combustion chamber as well as design and calculation individual heating surfaces. Part of the work is also drawing documentation of boiler.

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Žaloudek, Martin. „Plynový kotel na zemní plyn 170t/h“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230167.

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Hatiar, Peter. „Návrh parního kotle na odpadní teplo 0,8Nm3/s, 450°C“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230888.

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This master’s thesis deals with the issue of design heat recovery steam generator. In the first part is realized calculation of stoichiometry and further the thermal balance of the boiler. The boiler was divided on the basis of thermal analysis in two heating surfaces that have been designed separately. The thesis also includes structural design and drawings of evaporator, economizer and their compilation.

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Šebela, Jakub. „Návrh kotle na spoluspalování zemního plynu a vysokopecního plynu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241871.

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The aim of a diploma thesis is design of draft boiler for co-firing blast furnace gas and natural gas. In the first part is made the stoichiometric calculation for the gas mixture. Next is the proposal of combustion chamber and proposal of individual heating surfaces of boiler. Next part contains the thermal calculation and control of individual heating surfaces. Part of the work is also drawing documentation of boiler.

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Bücher zum Thema "Gas steam boiler"

Kuznecov, Vyacheslav, und Oleg Bryuhanov. Gasified boiler units. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1003548.

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The textbook gives the basic concepts of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and the terminology used in boiler technology, the principle of operation and device of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations. The types and device of heat generators (boilers) of their furnace devices are considered; types and device of gas-burning devices, the number and places of their installation in furnace devices; auxiliary equipment-devices for air supply and removal of combustion products, devices for water treatment, steam supply and circulation of the coolant of hot water boilers; device for thermal control and automatic regulation of the boiler installation. The issues of operation and efficiency of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and their gas supply systems; requirements for conducting gas-hazardous and emergency recovery operations of gas supply systems are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education in the specialty 08.02.08 "Installation and operation of equipment and gas supply systems".

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American Society of Civil Engineers. Air and Gas Duct Structural Design Committee., Hrsg. The structural design of air and gas ducts for power stations and industrial boiler applications. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995.

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Rez, Peter. Electrical Power Generation: Fossil Fuels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0004.

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Nearly all electrical power is generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. In most cases, the coil is turned by a steam turbine operating according to the Rankine cycle. Water is boiled and heated to make high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine. The thermal efficiency is about 30–35%, and is limited by the highest steam temperature tolerated by the turbine blades. Alternatively, a gas turbine operating according to the Brayton cycle can be used. Much higher turbine inlet temperatures are possible, and the thermal efficiency is higher, typically 40%. Combined cycle generation, in which the hot exhaust from a gas turbine drives a Rankine cycle, can achieve thermal efficiencies of almost 60%. Substitution of coal-fired by combined cycle natural gas power plants can result in significant reductions in CO2 emissions.

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1930-, Radway Jerrold E., Hrsg. Corrosion and deposits from combustion gases: Abstracts and index. Washington: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1985.

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R, Jones A., und Institute of Physics (Great Britain). Combustion Physics Group., Hrsg. Deposition from combustion gases: Proceedings of a one-day meeting of the Combustion Physics Group of The Institute of Physics, 4. October 1989, Marchwood, Southampton, in association with the Institute of Energy, The Combustion Institute, The Institution of Chemical Engineers. London: Institute of Physics, 1989.

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Jones, A. R. Deposition from Combustion Gases: Proceedings (Iop Short Meetings Series, 23). Institute of Physics Publishing, 1989.

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R, Jones A., und Institute of Physics (Great Britain). Combustion Physics Group., Hrsg. Deposition from combustion gases: Proceedings of a one-day meeting of the Combustion Physics Group of the Institue of Physics, 4 October 1989, Marchwood, Southampton. Redcliffe Way, U.K: IOP [for] Institute of Physics, 1989.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Gas steam boiler"

Bahadori, Alireza. „Steam boilers“. In Essentials of Oil and Gas Utilities, 81–157. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803088-2.00004-3.

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HAZLEHURST, J. „Steam Boilers“. In Tolley's Industrial and Commercial Gas Installation Practice, 347–76. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-672-9.10008-0.

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„Steam Boilers“. In Tolley's Industrial and Commercial Gas Installation Practice, 376–404. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080462295-11.

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„Waste Gas Firing (Heat Recovery Steam Generators)“. In Boilers for Power and Process, 677–716. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/ebk1420075366-27.

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„Waste Gas Firing (Heat Recovery Steam Generators)“. In Boilers for Power and Process, 611–50. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/ebk1420075366-c14.

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Zeini, El, und Y. Hesham. „Q-Chem Steam Boilers NOx Emissions Reduction“. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium, 41–49. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-0147(10)02005-7.

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Yakovlev, V. A., V. N. Yurchenko und N. S. Ponomarev. „Evaluation of thermal calculation method for natural gas-fired steam boilers“. In Contemporary Problems of Architecture and Construction, 370–74. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003176428-72.

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Makarov, Anatoly N. „Calculations of Heat Transfer in the Furnaces of Steam Boilers According to the Laws of Radiation of Gas Volumes“. In Heat Transfer - Models, Methods and Applications. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75529.

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McFarland, Ben. „The Triple-Point Planet“. In A World From Dust. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190275013.003.0008.

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Let’s move to a vantage point a little quieter: the surface of the moon. It is so still that Neil Armstrong’s footprints remain undisturbed. The only reason the US flag there appears to “fly” is that a wire holds it up. The moon and Mercury stayed still as Mars, Venus, and Earth moved on down the road of geological development. The moon is a “steady” environment, a word whose Middle English roots are appropriately tangled with the word for “sterile.” Nothing moves on the moon, but in its sky Mars, Venus, and Earth move in their orbits, just as they moved on in complexity 4 billion years ago. Out of the whole solar system, Mars and Venus are the most like Earth in size, position, and composition. Mars is smaller, but Venus could be Earth’s twin in size. If Earth and Venus were separated at birth, then something happened to obscure the family resemblance: liquid water brought life. To chemists, liquid is the third phase of matter, between solid and gas, and its presence made all the difference. Mars gleams a bright blood red even to the naked eye, while Venus is choked with thick yellow bands of clouds. Mars is cold enough to have carbon dioxide snow, while Venus is hot enough to melt tin and boil water. Earth’s blue oceans and green continents provide a bright, primary contrast. These three siblings have drastically different fortunes. At first, they looked the same, colored with black mafic basalt and glowing red magma. The original planets were all so hot that their atmospheres were driven off into space. The oceans and the air came from within. Steam condensed into oceans on each planet’s cool basalt surface. Oceans changed the planet. Water is a transformative chemical, small yet highly charged, seeping into the smallest cracks, dissolving what it can and carrying those things long distances. Venus, Earth, and Mars do not look like the moon because they have been washed in water. Mars is dry now, but the Curiosity rover left no doubt that the red planet was first blue with water.

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Shibli, A., und D. G. Robertson. „Preservation of power plant boilers/heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) during short- and long-term shutdowns**This chapter is based on the guidelines recently produced by the European Technology Development (ETD) (Robertson et al., 2013); they cover the whole plant including the gas turbine, auxiliary equipment, fuel systems, electrical equipment and turbine systems.“ In Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment, 318–32. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857097323.2.318.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Gas steam boiler"

Dzierzgowski, Jacek, und Stanislaw Sobkowski. „Modified Combined Cycle With Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler“. In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-146.

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The article describes conversion of conventional steam cycle with 200 MW turbine into combined steam-gas cycle with pressure fluidized bed combustion boiler. In order to raise cycle thermal efficiency an additional combustion chamber before a gas turbine was introduced. Two modifications of the combined cycle were considered. In one of them natural gas in the additional combustion chamber is burnt with the boiler flue gas only. In the other gas is burnt with additional air stream taken from behind the gas turbine compressor. Optimizing calculations of the cycle thermal efficiency in function of some cycle’s main parameters were carried out.

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Brandstetter, Gottfried, Wolfgang Oberleitner und Michael Pichler. „How to Change Over Heat Recovery Steam Generators After Gas Turbine Trip“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90648.

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Heat recovery steam generators downstream of gas turbines are often used in combination with process steam applications. Because of the high importance of the required process steam, a boiler trip is more severe than in usual applications, where only electricity is produced. In most cases these boilers are equipped with a supplementary and fresh air firing system having the capacity of replacing the whole waste heat coming from the gas turbine or even more. A fresh air firing system offers the possibility to keep the boiler in operation without the gas turbine running. If the boiler has to stay in operation even after a gas turbine trip a change over from waste heat firing to fresh air firing has to follow immediately. Due to the very sharp breakdown of the gas turbine speed after trip, the change over procedure has to be carried out within a few seconds to avoid a boiler shut down. The problems are — on the one hand — not to have to switch off the supplementary firing, on the other hand not to exceed the backpressure of the gas turbine because of too fast closing of dampers necessary for fresh air firing. The first would cause a necessary purging with a certain time period without firing, the second would lead to damages of the gas turbine exhaust system. Backpressure and oxygen supply have to be managed carefully to provide a smooth and save change over. In addition it has to be considered, that the first time period after gas turbine trip, the oxygen supply of the boiler’s firing has to be ensured by the running out gas turbine. Special investigations allow to predict the amount of exhaust gas mass flow after gas turbine trip by using the speed behavior of a reference gas turbine trip. At an Austrian steel mill (VOESTALPINE) these procedures were investigated in detail, and a lot of measurements were done. Based on this the existing change over procedure was optimized and the possibility of a quick change over procedure was realized.

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Kolp, D. A., S. R. Gagnon und M. J. Rosenbluth. „Water Treatment and Moisture Separation in Steam-Injected Gas Turbines“. In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-372.

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Steam injection has been employed in gas turbines for over twenty years. Initially the emphasis was on injection for small amounts of power augmentation and NOx reduction in the turbine exhaust gas. More recently it has been used for massive power increases (more than 50% on some gas turbines) and efficiency improvements (more than 20%). Equipment selection, operation and economics are essential ingredients in producing the high-purity steam required in a steam-injected gas turbine cycle. The most common means of producing steam for the steam-injection cycle is by means of a waste heat boiler operating in the turbine exhaust gas stream. Steam generated in this boiler may then be injected into the compressor discharge, combustor or turbine sections of the gas turbine to improve performance. Manufacturers require extremely high purity steam for injection into their gas turbines; less than 30 parts per billion (PPB) of some contaminants is not an unusual requirement. If this steam quality is not obtained, serious damage can occur, particularly in the turbine hot section. To meet these stringent steam quality requirements without excessive amounts of boiler blowdown, it is necessary to provide highly demineralized makeup water to the boiler, i.e. less than 1 PPM TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). Low silica concentrations are particularly important since silica can vaporize at higher boiler pressures, pass through the moisture separators and deposit on turbine components. The selection of equipment required to produce high quality makeup water from various grades of raw water is critical to the successful operation of the steam injection plant. Because the steam cannot be recovered effectively, it is necessary to install a large water treatment system to provide the quantities of makeup required for steam injection. Equally critical to the cycle is the type of drum moisture separation used in achieving manufacturers’ recommended steam quality. Just as the steam injection cycle has a dramatic impact on the economics of a gas turbine power plant, so too do the operation and selection of steam purification equipment influence the overall economics of the steam injection cycle.

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Rice, Ivan G. „Split Stream Boilers for High Temperature/High Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles“. In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-029.

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Research and Development work on high temperature and high pressure (up to 1500 °F TIT and 4500 psia)1 topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI and independent companies. Aero Derivative gas turbines and Heavy Duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high temperature and high pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 % combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).

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Eidensten, Lars, Jinyue Yan und Gunnar Svedberg. „Biomass Externally Fired Gas Turbine Cogeneration“. In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-345.

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This paper is a presentation of systematic study on externally fired gas turbine cogeneration fueled by biomass. The gas turbine is coupled in series with a biomass combustion furnace in which the gas turbine exhaust is used to support combustion. Three cogeneration systems have been simulated. They are systems without a gas turbine, with a non top-fired gas turbine, and a top-fired gas turbine. For all systems, three types of combustion equipment have been selected: circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, grate fired steam boiler and grate fired hot water boiler. The sizes of biomass furnaces have been chosen 20 MW and 100 MW fuel inputs. The total efficiencies based on electricity plus process heat, electrical efficiencies, and the power-to-heat ratios for various alternatives have been calculated. For each of the cogeneration systems, part load performance with varying biomass fuel input is presented. Systems with CFB boilers have a higher total efficiency and electrical efficiency than other systems when a top-fired gas turbine is added. However, the systems with grate fired steam boilers allow higher combustion temperature in the furnace than CFB boilers do. Therefore, a top combustor may not be needed when high temperature is already available. Only one low grade fuel system is then needed and the gas turbine can operate with very clean working medium.

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Singh, Onkar, und R. Yadav. „Exergy Analysis of Integrated Gas-Steam Cycle“. In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-471.

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The thermodynamic analysis of integrated gas/steam cycle has been carried out on the basis of second law of thermodynamics. The exergy analysis provides a viable understanding of the influence of various parameters on the distribution of losses in the constituent components of the cycle. The paper also provides the insight into the influence of changing operating parameters on the performance of the waste heat recovery boiler, which in turn questions the viability of the integrated gas/steam cycle.

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Hofstädter, A., H. U. Frutschi und H. Haselbacher. „Effects of Steam Reheat in Advanced Steam Injected Gas Turbine Cycles“. In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-584.

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Steam injection is a well-known principle for increasing gas turbine efficiency by taking advantage of the relatively high gas turbine exhaust temperatures. Unfortunately, performance is not sufficiently improved compared with alternative bottoming cycles. However, previously investigated supplements to the STIG-principle — such as sequential combustion and consideration of a back pressure steam turbine — led to a remarkable increase in efficiency. The cycle presented in this paper includes a further improvement: The steam, which exits from the back pressure steam turbine at a rather low temperature, is no longer led directly into the combustion chamber. Instead, it reenters the boiler to be further superheated. This modification yields additional improvement of the thermal efficiency due to a significant reduction of fuel consumption. Taking into account the simpler design compared with combined-cycle power plants, the described type of an advanced STIG-cycle (A-STIG) could represent an interesting alternative regarding peak and medium load power plants.

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Chodkiewicz, Ryszard, Jerzy Porochnicki und Bazyli Kaczan. „Steam–Gas Condensing Turbine System for Power and Heat Generation“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0097.

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This study deals with new internal combustion turbine power systems in which a steam-gas mixture is the working medium. Heat is delivered to the system by injecting gaseous fuel and steam into the combustion chamber. Unlike in STIG systems, the fluid expansion in the turbine is much deeper (much below the atmospheric pressure) and the exhaust gas is cooled in a heat exchanger-condenser in such a manner that a significant amount of water can be recovered. The non-condensing gases (CO2 + N2 + rest of O2) from the exhaust fluid are compressed, after additional cooling, and discharged into the atmosphere. If a cheap or waste fuel is available, the steam to be injected into the combustor can be produced in a waste fuel-burning boiler or in conventional coal boiler. In this case the heat exchanger between the turbine and condenser can deliver significant amounts of useful (process or district) heat or / and preheated feedwater for the boiler. The efficiency analysis of this new energy system shows a growth by more than 10 percent points in comparison with the conventional STIG engine, at the same pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature.

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Trojan, Marcin, Dawid Taler, Jan Taler und Piotr Dzierwa. „Modeling of Superheater Operation in a Steam Boiler“. In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32093.

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A numerical method for modeling actual steam superheaters is presented. The finite volume method was used to determine flue gas, tube wall and steam temperature. The numerical technique presented in the paper can especially be used for modeling boiler superheaters with a complex tube arrangement when detail information on the tube wall temperature distribution is needed. The method of modeling the superheater can be used both in the design, performance as well as in upgrading the superheaters. If the steam temperature at the outlet of the superheater is too low or too high, the designed outlet temperature can be achieved by changing a flow arrangement of the superheater. For example, the impact of the change of the counter to parallel flow or to mixed flow can be easily assessed. The presented method of modeling is a useful tool in analyzing the impact of the internal scales or outer ash fouling on the superheater operating conditions. Both ash deposits at the external and scales at the internal surfaces of the tubes contribute to the reduction of the steam temperature at the outlet of the superheater. Furthermore, scale deposits on the inner surface of the tubes cause a significant temperature rise and may lead to the tube damage. The higher temperature of the flue gas over a part of parallel superheater tubes increases the steam temperature and decreases steam mass flow rate through the tubes with excessive heating. This results in an additional increase in the steam temperature at the outlet of the superheater.

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Qun, Zheng, Li Shunglong und Yang Yaogen. „Thermodynamic Study of Coupled Steam-Gas Turbine Plant With Steam Extraction and Injection“. In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-170.

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A type of coupled steam–gas turbine plant is proposed here. It is composed of a regenerative extraction steam turbine and a steam injected gas turbine. Extracted steam of the regenerative extraction steam cycle is not used to heat water through the regenerative feed–water heater as in conventional plant, but injected into a gas turbine to augment the output of the gas turbine, while the exhaust gas of the gas turbine now displaces the extracted steam to heat the feed water of the steam turbine plant. The proposed repowering turbine plant has two merits: the further utilization of extraction steam and the elimination of the complicated waste heat recovery boiler of a conventional steam injected gas turbine plant, in favor of a gas–to–water heat exchanger.

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